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3. How Can Researchers and Managers Better Collaborate on Lake Urmia Restoration?

Author

Rosenberg, David E., Parsinejad, Masoud, Sima, Somayeh, Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A., Null, Sarah, Sorooshian, Armin, Raja, Omid, Govarchin Ghale, Yusef Alizade, Khazaei, Bahram, Morid, Saeed, and Utah State University

Subjects
restoration, managers, researchers, Lake Urmia, Life Sciences, collaboration
Abstract

The large decline in Lake Urmia's level since 1995 has prompted a correspondingly large increase in research to help inform lake restoration. Here we synthesize results from 451 English-language articles (Figure 1) to answer four lake restoration questions of interest to the public and lake managers. We ask: 1) What lake restoration levels were considered besides the ecological level of 1274.1 m? 2) How has the causeway affected lake conditions? 3) Do we know enough about lake limnology and ecology to facilitate recovery? And 4) what to learn from Great Salt Lake management? We seek to share these findings with Lake Urmia managers, solicit feedback, and identify next steps for restoration and collaborative work.

Published
2020

4. Benefits of GIS Application in Hydrological Modeling: A Brief Summary

Author

Khatami, Sina and Khazaei, Bahram

Subjects
surface hydrology, rainfall-runoff modeling, Water Engineering, GIS, hydrological modeling
Abstract

During recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a powerful tool have had a tremendous impact on research techniques in the realm of geography and spatial analysis. The integrative ability of GIS to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and finally present all types of geographical spatial data, has drawn many attentions to it. Water Resources Engineering as a interdisciplinary field requires modeling and analyzing data with different spatial resolutions. Therefore, GIS could definitely be utilized as a suitable tool for solving water resources problems from local to global scale. This paper tries to present the larger scheme of the benefits for the applications of GIS in water resources and hydrological modeling in particular. Certainly, within the few pages ahead only the surface is scratched and a more thorough and comprehensive review requires more time and effort. The fundamental reason for the need of integrating GIS and hydrological modeling is briefly discussed and different tools are introduced. Also, various examples of GIS application are presented to create a better understanding. Case studies such as the Wadi Madoneh Basin in Jordan, Kuronagi River in Japan and San Antonio River Basin in Central Texas, USA, are presented. The good agreement between the results from a fairly simple GIS model and observations in cases such as Kuronagi River and Wadi Madoneh is indicating a promising future for GIS application in hydrological modeling. Finally, the benefits of GIS utilization in the field are discussed and summarized.

Published
2014

5. Using observed hydro-climatic and land-use changes to explain the desiccation of Lake Urmia.

Author

Khazaei, Bahram, Khatami, Sina, Alemohammad, Seyed Hamed, Wu, Changshan, Madani, Kaveh, Kalantari, Zahra, Destouni, Georgia, and Aghakouchak, Amir

Subjects
*WATER diversion, *WATER depth, *WATER supply, *LAKES, *SOIL moisture, *LAKE restoration, *WATER management, *AGRICULTURAL water supply
Abstract

Understanding the climatic and direct human drivers of abrupt drying of lakes in many parts of the world is a high research priority, particularly for water resources management and restoration. Lake Urmia, a shallow endemic lake in north-west Iran and one of the major saltwater bodies on earth, has undergone a dramatic decline in its water level (WL) in the past decades, resulting in about 80% of loss in the lake's water content. Different explanations have been discussed regarding the primary cause of this WL decline, including climate change, and regional human-driven land- and water-use changes. This paper reports a comprehensive study of the possible primary drivers of the lake's desiccation. Using classical exploratory statistical methods, the analysis accounts for the relationships between climate change (precipitation P, temperature T), land-surface and hydrological evolution (soil moisture SM, and WL), and vegetation cover (VC) change in the region. The latter includes human-driven changes of irrigation and expansion of agricultural lands. Observations over the period 1981-2015 indicate that the observed variability in P, T, and SM cannot explain the sharp decline in the lake WL since 2000. Instead, land-surface analysis shows VC was nearly doubled after 2000 in the Lake Urmia watershed, indicating that the WL decline is mainly associated with human-driven agricultural increase of VC. The expansion of agricultural activities in the watershed has led to increasing transpiration and hence, total evapotranspiration, decreasing the runoff during the increase in VC (inherently including irrigation, storage, and water diversion). Our results are consistent with similar cases around the world identifying human activities and interventions as the main driver of hydrologic changes, while climate change will likely increasingly contribute to such changes and their impacts in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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