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4. Performance optimisation of small antenna arrays

Author

Khan, Asim Ali and Brown, Tony

Subjects
621.3, Array pattern synthesis, Digital beamforming, Optimisation, Sidelobe reduction, deband arrays, Monopulse array feed
Abstract

This thesis addresses radiation pattern synthesis problems for small linear periodic phased arrays (with array elements less then 10). Due to the small array size conventional pattern synthesis techniques fail to produce the required results. In the case of practical small arrays, mutual coupling and element pattern asymmetric effect degrade the array radiation performance. The main performance metrics considered in this thesis include side lobe level (SLL), gain, halfpower beamwidth (HPBW) and mainbeam scan direction. The conventional pattern synthesis approaches result in sub optimal gain, SLL and HPBW due to the limited number of elements and the mutual coupling involved. In case of difference pattern synthesis these factors resulted in lower difference pattern slope, degraded SLL and difference peak asymmetry. The sum and difference patterns are used in monopulse arrays and a simplified feed that could produce both patterns with acceptable radiation properties is of interest and has been examined (chapter 5). A conventional technique is applied to small arrays to synthesise a sector beam and there is limited control over the radiation pattern. It is shown that the mutual coupling has significant effect on the array radiation pattern and mitigation is necessary for optimum performance (chapter 6). Furthermore, wideband phased arrays may have a natural limitation of the HPBW in low gain applications and minimisation of the variation becomes important. Also the SLL variations for wideband antenna arrays in the presence of mutual coupling considerably degrade the radiation pattern. The mutual coupling degrades significantly the radiation pattern performance in case of small scanning wideband arrays (chapter 7). It is the primary goal of this thesis to develop an optimisation scheme thatis applied in the above scenarios (chapters 3 & 4). The only degree of freedom assumed is the array excitation. Optimised amplitude and phase for each element in the array are determined by the proposed scheme, concurrently. The deterministic optimisation techniques reported in the literature for the pattern synthesis may involve complicated problem modelling. The heuristic opti-misation techniques generally are computationally expensive. The proposedIntelligent z-space Boundary Condition-Particle Swarm Optimiser (IzBC-PSO)is based on a heuristic algorithm. This scheme can be applied to a wider rangeof problems without significant modifications and requires fewer computationscompared to the competing techniques.In order to verify the performance of IzBC-PSO antenna array measure-ments were performed in the receiving mode only using the online and offlinedigital beamforming setups described in chapter 8. The measurement resultsshow that the proposed scheme may be successfully applied with both onlineand offline digital beamformers for a practical small array (chapter 8).

Published
2011

5. Majun-e-Suranjan and Habb-e-Azraqi are two Unani compound drugs that are effective and safe in cases of gout - An initial study.

Author

Verma, Radhey Shyam, Afridi, Rifat, Rehman, Shagufta, Ayu, Sadia, Qayyum, Zoha, Singh, Ravendra, Afz, Sheereen, Akhtar, Jamal, and Khan, Asim Ali

Subjects
THERAPEUTICS, DRUGS, HEMATOLOGY, DRUG efficacy, ANALYSIS of variance
Abstract

Present study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two Unani compound drugs namely Majun-e-Suranjan and Habb-e-Azraqi in cases of gout on modern scientific parameters viz., clinical, biochemical and haematological. This work was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Aligarh, during 2014-2019. 71 people were chosen from the pool of patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD). Patients received the Unani medicines Majun-e-Suranjan in a dose of 5.0 g and Habb-e-Azraqi in a dose of 1 pill (250 mg) twice daily after meals for a period of 56-days. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis of data, and the statistical significance of the findings was determined by Dennett's test. The study reveals that the two Unani medicines are safe, non-toxic, and significantly relieve the symptoms of gouty arthritis. It is suggested to conduct more research among a large population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. An open label hepatoprotective activity of Jawārish bisbāsā in central obesity patients.

Author

Azhar, Misbahuddin, Ayub, Sadia, Ansari, Rashidul Islam, Anjum, Nighat, Rej, Anirban, and Khan, Asim Ali

Subjects
OBESITY, PHARMACEUTICAL industry, MEDICAL personnel, ALKALINE phosphatase, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Liver plays a major role in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges health care professionals, pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. The most common symptoms are fatigue and discomfort in abdomen while in patients who are obese with BMI > 25, about one third have metabolic syndromes. The present clinical research was conducted in Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Aligarh. The patients under trial were selected from GOPD of institute for obesity and it was observed that out of total registered patients' approx 28% have elevated liver enzymes from its normal range without any sign and symptom of hepatitis etc. Total 23 patients were selected from the study whose liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) were high at the baseline. Unani pharmacopoeial drug Jawārish bisbāsā 7 g daily was prescribed with lukewarm water in the morning and evening empty stomach for 8 weeks. At the end of study the result were compared with base line. It was observed that Jawārish bisbāsā significantly reduced the liver enzymes, e.g. SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase in comparison to baseline values. It may be concluded that Jawārish bisbāsā showed hepatoprotective effect in this clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Unani System Of Medicine And It's Development In Contemporary Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali, Janardhanan, Rajiv, Kishore, Jugal, Karwasra, Ritu, Saeed, Shazina, Das, B. C., Hasan, Nazeer, Almalki, Waleed H., Kesharwani, Prashant, and Selvamurthy, W.

Subjects
*ARAB medicine, *HEALTH facilities, *TRADITIONAL medicine, *MEDICAL personnel, *MEDICAL education
Abstract

Background: Regardless of amazing advancements in contemporary science & technology, it is not possible to provide everyone access to high-quality healthcare. Traditional medicine, in particular Ayurveda and Unani medicine, is regarded as a major global provider of healthcare. This manuscript is aimed to provide the promulgation of Unani Medicine in contemporary healthcare system. Methods: A in-depth literature analysis was successfully carried out from year 2006 to 2021 to collate the information on the advancement, growth and development of the Unani System of Medicine (USM). The search strategy was performed with recent surveys, articles and the numerous initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of AYUSH, Centre council in research in unani medicine (CCRUM) & other institutions on Unani education and research. Additionally, the updated market analysis (2020-2022) comprises import, export and trade data on Unani medicines is also described. From what we know, this review is the first of a kind to describe the domestic and global perspective of Unani medicine with and its global development. Results: The multi-disciplinary, multi-centric research initiatives of the Ministry of AYUSH have resulted in an increase in medical facilities and education in the Unani System of Medicine. With 1748 Unani dispensaries and 3947 beds in Unani hospitals, the number of these facilities has grown at a 2.4% annual pace between 2011 and 2021. Conclusion: There is tremendous growth in Unani as well as in herbal industry. Unani Medicines have shown their potential and need for better drugs and remedies against various diseases. The knowledge on import and export and the information on research and education enable to work more in this domain. These initiatives favour the World Health Organisation advocating Unani medicine as a better alternative system against various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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10. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of Unani Add-on regimen in preventing the progression of severity of the disease in hospitalized SARS-CoV2 tested positive asymptomatic/mild to moderate symptomatic COVID-19 cases-A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali, Akhtar, Naseem, Parveen, Naheed, Kumar, Pradeep, Javed, Ghazala, Kumar, Pawan, Meena, Rampratap, Akhtar, Jamal, Anjum, Nighat, Akram, Usama, Saleem, Nauman, Nazli, Tamanna, Rej, Anirban, and Mumtaz, Shoeb

Subjects
*CLINICAL trials, *SARS-CoV-2, *COVID-19, *DISEASE progression, *ASYMPTOMATIC patients
Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to establish the effectiveness of Unani add-on regimen by comparing theduration required for change in disease status from COVID-19 positive asymptomatic / mildto moderate symptomatic patients to asymptomatic negative. Methods: This single-centric, randomized, twin arm, controlled, clinical trial was carried out on a totalnumber of 62 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. The Intervention group (IG) receivedUnani Regimen (Khameera Marwareed and Unani Joshanda) in addition to the conventional management, while the Control group (CG) received only conventional management. Results: It was observed that 16 (51.6%) patients in Intervention Group and 3 (9.4%) patients incontrol group became negative for COVID-19 at day 7 and remaining 13 out of 15 (93.5%) patients in Intervention Group and 20 out of 28 (74.1%) patients in control group becamenegative for COVID-19 at day 14. This effect of the Unani Regimen in comparison to thecontrol group was statistically significant (p =0.003). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the change of COVID-19 positive asymptomatic / mild to moderate symptomatic patients to RT-PCR negative was much earlier in the add-on Unani regimen group as compared to control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. Influence of Soil Ph and Microbes on Mineral Solubility and Plant Nutrition: A Review

Author

Aqarab Husnain Gondal, Hussain, Irfan, Ijaz, Abu Bakar, Zafar, Asma, Bisma Imran Ch, Hooria Zafar, Sohail, Muhammad Danish, Humaira Niazi, M Touseef, Khan, Asim Ali, Tariq, Maryam, Yousuf, Hamza, and Usama, Muhammad

Subjects
Soil pH, Rhizosphere, Organic acids, Basic compounds, Nutrient availability, Growth promotion, Soil health, Genes transfer
Abstract

Soil pH is one of the essential vital features that increases or decreases the nutrient availability in soil. The lower pH lessens the secondary macronutrient availability while higher pH limits the available micronutrient in soil. Furthermore, the pesticides efficiency, use of organic and inorganic fertilizers sources to soil also required proper pH for maximum utilization by plants. Therefore, soil pH is termed as "principal soil indicator" that affect the biogeochemical cycles and has broader effects on the soil microbial community. Mineral approaches used to alter the soil pH had demonstrated drawbacks that it is too difficult to change. That’s why alteration in rhizospheric pH can be a practical approach. Hence, a microbial-breeding technique such as genome replication of microbes may be a suitable approach to alter rhizospheric pH. It might be possible that microbes genetic product releases too much acidic or basic compounds that increase or decrease the pH of rhizosphere. Greater exploitation of microbes in this respect would be essential to pursue, as they have the ability to resolve several stresses in a more sustainable manner. In order to breed the microbes selectively for optimal nutritional interactions with plants, the genetic components of different traits must first be practiced.

Published
2021
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16. PHARMACOPOEIAL AND HPTLC FINGERPRINT STUDIES OF DARCHINI - ANIMMUNITY BOOSTER UNANI SINGLE DRUG

Author

Meena R.P. , Khan Asim Ali , Subhani S , Mustehasan and Rashid NMA , Siddiqui A and Imam J

Subjects
Darchini Immunity Booster Pharmacognostical Physicochemical HPTLC Quality Control
Abstract

Corona virusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening the worldwide population by causing symptoms like fever, cough,shortness of breathand tirednessetc.A huge population of world is suffering from this disease and no specific vaccine for this pandemic disease has been developed. According to the guidelines of Ministry of AYUSH, this disease can be prevented by taking immunity boosters, as immune system plays a vital role in defence against any disease. In Unani system of medicines, many drugs of plant origin are mentioned in classical literature for strengthening and increasing the immunity of humans. Darchini is one of the potent immune boosters and it is believed that consumption of Darchini decoction with honey strengthens the immune system.The Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India in its Advisory has considered Darchini as one of the important ingredient of AYUSH Joshanda/ Kwath/ Kudineer.Since, the drug Darchini is being given to COVID-19 patients as prophylaxis regime, it has become necessary to authenticate and develop its pharmacopoeial standards so that quality raw material can be provided to needy mass. The present study is aimed to develop identity, purity and strength of drug using pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and quality control methods. &nbsp

Published
2020
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24. Computer Aided Diagnostic System for Detection and Classification of a Brain Tumor through MRI Using Level Set Based Segmentation Technique and ANN Classifier

Author

Atanu K Samanta and Khan, Asim Ali

Subjects
Artificial neural network, computer-aided diagnostic, tumor segmentation, CAD system, GLCM, ANN, level set method, brain tumor, gray-level co-occurrence matrix
Abstract

Due to the acquisition of huge amounts of brain tumor magnetic resonance images (MRI) in clinics, it is very difficult for radiologists to manually interpret and segment these images within a reasonable span of time. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can enhance the diagnostic capabilities of radiologists and reduce the time required for accurate diagnosis. An intelligent computer-aided technique for automatic detection of a brain tumor through MRI is presented in this paper. The technique uses the following computational methods; the Level Set for segmentation of a brain tumor from other brain parts, extraction of features from this segmented tumor portion using gray level co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to classify brain tumor images according to their respective types. The entire work is carried out on 50 images having five types of brain tumor. The overall classification accuracy using this method is found to be 98% which is significantly good., {"references":["The Essential Guide to Brain Tumors, National Brain Tumor Society, http://www.braintumor.org","A. Drevelegas (ed.), \"Imaging of Brain Tumors with Histological Correlations,\" Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.","El-Sayed A. El-Dahshan et al. \"Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Human Brain Tumor through MRI: A Survey and a New Algorithm,\" Expert Systems with Applications, 41 (2014), 5526–5545.","Jainy Sachdeva et al. \"A Novel Content-Based Active Contour Model for Brain Tumor Segmentation,\" Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 30 (2012), 694–715.","Stephen M. Smith, \"Fast Robust Automated Brain Extraction,\" Human Brain Mapping, 17:143–155(2002).","K. Somasundaram, T. Kalaiselvi, \"Automatic Brain Extraction Methods for T1 Magnetic Resonance Images Using Region Labeling and Morphological Operations,\" Computers in Biology and Medicine, 41 (2011), 716–725.","Jiang et al. \"Brain Extraction from Cerebral MRI Volume using a Hybrid Level Set Based Active Contour Neighborhood Model,\" BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2013, 12:31, http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/12/1/31","Gordillo N et al. \"State of the Art Survey on MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation,\" Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 31 (2013), 1426–1438.","Nobuyuki Otsu, \"A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms,\" IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, VOL. SMC-9, NO.1, January 1979.\n[10]\tDubey et al. \"Region Growing for MRI Brain Tumor Volume Analysis,\" Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.2 No. 9 (Sep 2009).\n[11]\tJafari, M, Kasaei, S, \"Automatic Brain Tissue Detection in MRI Images Using Seeded Region Growing Segmentation and Neural Network Classification,\" Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(8), 1066–1079.\n[12]\tChunming Li et al. \"A Level Set Method for Image Segmentation in the Presence of Intensity Inhomogeneities with Application to MRI,\" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, VOL. 20, NO. 7, JULY 2011.\n[13]\tMichael Kass et al. \"Snakes: Active contour models,\" International Journal of Computer Vision, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp 321-331, January 1988.\n[14]\tMatthew C. Clark et al. \"Automatic Tumor Segmentation Using Knowledge-Based Techniques,\" IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 17, No. 2, April 1998.\n[15]\tGudrun Wagenknecht et al. \"Knowledge-based Segmentation of Attenuation-relevant Regions of the Head in T1-weighted MR Images for Attenuation Correction in MR/PET Systems,\" IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, M09-287, 2009.\n[16]\tNara M. Portela et al. \"Semi-Supervised Clustering for MR Brain Image Segmentation,\" Expert Systems with Applications, 41 (2014) 1492–1497.\n[17]\tSanjay Agrawal et al. \"A Study on Fuzzy Clustering for Magnetic Resonance Brain Image Segmentation Using Soft Computing Approaches,\" Applied Soft Computing, 24(2014), 522–533.\n[18]\tD.Jude hemanthl et al. \"Effective Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Abnormal MR Brain Image Segmentation,\" IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC 2009), Patiala, India, 6-7 March 2009.\n[19]\tP. Moallem et al. \"Optimal Threshold Computing in Automatic Image Thresholding using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization,\" http://www.researchgate.net/publication/233814424\n[20]\tOsher, S., and Sethian J.A., \"Fronts Propagating with Curvature Dependent Speed: Algorithms Based on Hamilton-Jacobi Formulations,\" Journal of Computational Physics, 79, pp.12-49, (1988).\n[21]\tVicent Caselles et al. \"Geodesic Active Contours,\" International Journal of Computer Vision, 22(1), 61–79 (1997).\n[22]\tO. Michailovich, Y. Rathi, A. Tannenbaum, \"Image Segmentation Using Active Contours Driven by the Bhattacharyya Gradient flow,\" IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15 (11) (2007) 2787–2801.\n[23]\tHongzhe Yang et al. \"Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Geodesic Region-based Level Set without Re-initialization,\" International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Vol.7, No.1 (2014), pp.213-224.\n[24]\tTony F. Chan, Luminita A. Vese, \"Active Contours Without Edges,\" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 2, February 2001.\n[25]\tXiaomin Xie et al. \"A Robust Level Set Method Based on Local Statistical Information for Noisy Image Segmentation,\" Optik 125 (2014) 2199–2204, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.10.026\n[26]\tKiran Thapaliya et al. \"Level Set Method with Automatic Selective Local Statistics for Brain Tumor Segmentation in MR Images,\" Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 37 (2013) 522– 537.\n[27]\tSandeep Chaplot et al. \"Classification of Magnetic Resonance Brain Images Using Wavelets as Input to Support Vector Machine and Neural Network,\" Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 1 (2006) 86–92.\n[28]\tDipali M. Joshi et al. \"Classification of Brain Cancer Using Artificial Neural Network,\" 2nd International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology (ICECT 2010).\n[29]\thttp://med.harvard.edu/ANNALIB\n[30]\tMark Sussman et al. \"A Level Set Approach for Computing Solutions to Incompressible Two Phase Flow,\" Journal of Computational Physics, 114, 146-159, (1994).\n[31]\tHarlick et al. \"Textural Features for Image Classification\", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-3, No-6, November 1973, pp. 610-621.\n[32]\tMartin Fodslette Moller, \"Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Fast Supervised Learning,\" Neural Networks, Vol. 6, pp. 525-533, 1993."]}

Published
2017
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25. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF A POTENT UNANI DRUG 'SANKHAHOLI' (EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES LINN.)

Author

Qamar Alam Khan, Asim Ali Khan

Subjects
Sankhaholi, Evolvulus Alsinoides, TLC, HPTLC, Unani Medicine
Abstract

Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) of family Convolvulaceae which is available in Indian herb and spices market with the name of Shankhpushpi, widely used in the traditional system of medicine including Unani medicine since ages. It is a perennial herb with a small woody branched rootstock which contains alkaloids: shankhapushpine and evolvine. Fresh plant of sankhaholi contains volatile oil. It also contains a yellow neutral fat, an organic acid, and saline substances. Therapeutic uses of Sankhaholi, mentioned in the Unani text are elexiteric (Mufarreh), cardiac tonic (Muqawwi-e Qalb), brain tonic (Muqawwi-e Dimag), blood purifier (Musaffi-e-Khoon), general tonic (Muqawwi-e-aam), diuretic (Mudirr-e-Baul), anti-inflammatory (Muhallil-e-waram), hypoglycemic (Dafa-e-Ziabitus). It has been used in various ailments such as headache, asthma, hyperlipidemia, etc. In this article, we have provided standardized value of a specimen of sankhaholi, assessed on physico-chemical and analytical parameters viz (i) Macroscopic and microscopic features (ii) extractive values (iii), moisture contents (iv), Ash values (v), loss of weight on drying, (vi), pH of 1 % and 10 % solution (vii) TLC and (viii) HPTLC.

Published
2017
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28. Medicinal efficacy of Khar-e-Khasak Khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn).

Author

Khan, Qamar Alam, Khan, Asim Ali, and Parveen, Shagufta

Subjects
TRIBULUS terrestris, HERBAL medicine, THERAPEUTICS, TRADITIONAL medicine
Abstract

Khar-e-Khasak-khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) commonly known as Gokharu, is used for a long time for treatment of various diseases. Considerable literature is available in Unani system of medicine regarding the medicinal properties of Khar-e-khasak-khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn.). Its various parts contain a variety of chemical constituents which are pharmacologically active, such as Harmine, Chlorogenin, Tribuloside, Trigogenin. Whole plant and seeds are used as traditional herbal medicine and having properties such as diuretic, aphrodisiac, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, absorption enhancing, hypolipidemic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, antiurolithic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, and antibacterial. In the present review, an attempt has been made to cover the major pharmacological actions as well therapeutic uses of Khar-e-khasak-khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) mentioned in Unani system of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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29. Concept and Management of Waja'al-Mafasil (Arthritis) in Unani System of Medicine.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali, Bashir, Fouzia, Akhtar, Jamal, Anjum, Nighat, and Alam, Shah

Subjects
ARAB medicine, DRUG side effects, ARTHRITIS, OPPORTUNITY costs, COST control
Abstract

Arthritis is described in Unani system of Medicine under a broad term Waja'al-Mafāsil which covers entire joint disorders like inflammatory, non-inflammatory, infectious, metabolic and other musculoskeletal disorders. According to Unani concept, the pathological changes in the joints are caused mainly by derangement of humoural (Akhlat) temperament and accumulation of Fasid madda (Morbid material) in the joint spaces. The main principles of treatment in Unani system of Medicine include Ilaj bi'l Ghidha (Dieto-therapy), Ilaj bi'l Tadbir (Regimenal therapy) and Ilaj bi'l Dawa (Pharmacotherapy). All the said principles are recommended for the treatment of Waja'al-Mafāsil. The aim of treatment for patient with Waja'al-Mafāsil is to reduce morbidity and disability. In India it affects 15% (180 million) people. Ancient Unani scholars have elaborately described Waja'al-Mafāsil and managed with multidimensional approach, whereas with the present day management of disease mainly with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which have large number of adverse effects. This review article highlight the salient features describing arthritis with reference to Waja'al-Mafāsil for empathizing disease condition as enunciated by Unani scholars to provide a better alternative in terms of cost effective managements and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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31. Unani Medicine - Status and Perspectives.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali

Subjects
*ARAB medicine, *MEDICAL care, *HOLISTIC medicine, *HEALTH facilities, *DRUG factories, *INSULIN aspart
Abstract

Today the world is witnessing a rise in incidence of diseases and the demand for affordable health care has increased manifold. An effective and robust public health system is the need of the hour to improve the health and wellbeing of people across the globe. Unani Medicine is a holistic system of medicine, which offers indigenous and effective therapies, which are already helping millions of people across the globe in living a healthy life. Unani medicine gained momentum as an effective alternative to conventional medicine due to its systematic approach towards diagnosis and treatment of diseases, effective management of lifestyle disorders and primary focus on prevention of ailments. This system of medicine, which has its origin from Greece, today has a presence in many parts of the globe. Besides India, it is practiced in several countries like Bangladesh, South Africa, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates and Sri Lanka etc. The Government of India facilitated the growth and development of Unani medicine by recognizing its utility and scope and integrated it into healthcare delivery system. With its wide network of quality educational institutions, comprehensive healthcare facilities, state of the art research institutions and quality drug manufacturing industries and on account of its utilization by a large number of people for their healthcare needs, India has emerged as the global leader in Unani medicine. Concerted efforts are being made to carry out high quality, evidence based research and to make the system more accessible and affordable. Unani medicine can contribute a wealth of knowledge and experience for the benefit of human kind and has the potential to be one of the major contributors in health care delivery in other parts of the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

33. Evaluation of a classical unani pharmacopeial formulation safoof-e-muhazzil in hyperlipidemia: A randomized, standard controlled clinical study.

Author

Jahangir, Umar, Khan, Asim Ali, Kapoor, Prem, Jalees, Farhan, and Urooj, Shaista

Subjects
*ARAB medicine, *HYPERLIPIDEMIA, *CHOLESTEROL, *ATORVASTATIN, *PALPITATION
Abstract

Aim of the Study: The aim of the following study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a compound Unani formulation in hyperlipidemia on clinical and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients with total cholesterol level of 220 mg/dl and above were included. In Group 'A' thirty patients with total cholesterol 243.5 ± 5.294 mg/dl received Unani formulation safoof-e-muhazzil (SM) in its classical powder form 5 g twice daily orally, in Group 'B' thirty patients with total cholesterol 234 ± 3.822 mg/dl received the SM but in compressed tablet form in the same dosage and in Group 'C' 30 patients with total cholesterol 242.7 ± 5.563 mg/dl received atorvastatin 10 mg as a standard control. Follow-up was carried out on second, fourth and 6th week and patients were evaluated on clinical as well as biochemical parameters. Results: Group A before treatment had mean total cholesterol of 243.5 ± 5.294 mg/dl which decreased significantly after treatment to 225.6 ± 5.953 mg/dl (P < 0.001) with a percentage change of 7.35%. Group B had mean total cholesterol of 234 ± 3.822 mg/dl which was significantly reduced to 212.67 ± 3.94 mg/dl (P < 0.001) post-treatment with a percentage change of 9.11%. Control Group C having mean total cholesterol of 242.7 ± 5.563 mg/dl before treatment was significantly decreased to 178.73 ± 4.669 mg/dl (P < 0.001) post-treatment with a percentage change of 26.3%. Group A had significant relief 20.72% (P < 0.001) in fatigue, 16.09% (P > 0.5) relief in palpitation and 26.17% (P < 0.001) relief in dyspnea post-treatment. Group B fatigue decreased significantly by 18.14% (P < 0.01), palpitation by 22.91% (P < 0.01) and dyspnea by 20.46% (P < 0.01). In Group C a non-significant increase of 2.2% was observed in fatigue post-treatment, palpitation decreased by 10.22% non-significantly and dyspnea decreased significantly by 17.64% (P < 0.001). Results indicate that the test drug safely and effectively ameliorates the clinical condition of patients with hyperlipidemia while decreasing cholesterol level as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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34. Management of knee osteoarthritis with cupping therapy.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali, Jahangir, Umar, and Urooj, Shaista

Subjects
*OSTEOARTHRITIS treatment, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine), *TREATMENT effectiveness, *KNEE disease treatment, *ANALGESIA
Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of cupping therapy at a clinical setting for knee osteoarthritis. A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Cupping was performed on 0-6th day; 9-11th day and 14th day, i.e., 11 sittings follow-up to determine longer term carryover of treatment effects utilizing both objective and subjective assessment. The assessment was performed before and after treatment spreading over a period of 15 days. The results of this study shows significant and better results in the overall management of knee osteoarthritis, particularly in relieving pain, edema, stiffness and disability. The efficacy of treatment with cupping therapy in relieving signs and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis is comparable to that of acetaminophen 650 mg thrice a day orally, in terms of analgesia, anti-inflammatory and resolution of edema with minimal and temporary side-effects like echymosis and blister formation while as control drug has greater side-effects particularly on upper gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended that further studies are conducted with a larger study samples and of longer duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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35. Efficacy of a classical antiobesity Unani pharmacopial formulation (Safoof-e-Muhazzil) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure: A randomized, open-labeled, controlled clinical study.

Author

Khan, Asim Ali, Jahangir, Umar, Jalees, Farhan, Kapoor, Prem, and Urooj, Shaista

Subjects
*ANTIOBESITY agents, *ARAB medicine, *BLOOD pressure, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *DRUG efficacy, *HYPERTENSION
Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a Unani formulation in hypertension. A total of 90 patients with total cholesterol level of more than 220 mg/dl with associated conditions were included in this study. A total of 30 patients having a mean systolic blood pressure (BP) of 133.86 mmHg comprising Group A received Unani formulation Safoof-e-Muhazzil (SM) in its classical powder form in the dose of 5 g twice a day orally. Group B comprising of 30 patients with a mean systolic BP of 133.13 mmHg received same drug, but in compressed tablet form in the same dosage, whereas, 30 patients comprising Group C with a mean systolic BP of 129.45 mmHg, received Atorvastatin 10 mg as a standard control. Patients were evaluated on each follow-up at 2nd, 4th and 6th week. The mean systolic BP in Group A and B before treatment was 133.86 ± 3.028 mmHg and 133.13 ± 2.852 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 119.33 ± 1.922 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 119 ± 1.760 mmHg (P < 0.001) respectively. In the control Group C before treatment BP was 129.45 ± 2.499 mmHg and after treatment it significantly decreased to 124.34 ± 1.794 mmHg (P < 0.01). The percentage change after treatment was 10.85%, 10.61% and 3.94% respectively in each group. Mean diastolic BP in Group A and B before treatment was 85.06 ± 2.11 mmHg and 84.56 ± 1.5 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 79.06 ± 1.56 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 79.96 ± 1.15 mmHg (P < 0.001) respectively, BP before treatment in Group C was 83.23 ± 1.588 mmHg, which was decreased to 124.34 ± 1.794 mmHg (P < 0.01). The study results indicate that the test drug was quite effective in reducing both systolic as well as diastolic BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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36. Awareness and Utilization of Unani Medicine among the Adult Population from East Delhi: A cross Sectional Survey.

Author

Khan AA, Janardhanan R, Kishore J, Awasthi AA, Parveen S, Saeed S, Shannawaz M, and Selvamurthy W

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the awareness, practice, and utilization pattern of Unani medicine among the general population of Trilokpuri, East Delhi., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational descriptive survey was conducted in New Delhi using pretested, predesigned, and structured questionnaire to assess the awareness and utilization pattern of Unani medicine on a sample size of 100 subjects., Result: Out of 100 subjects, 60% were males and 40% were females with mean age 38.96 ± 9.12 years, ranged between 18 and 65 years. The awareness about Unani medicine was found in 67% of adopted population, while 57% population among them preferred Unani system of medicine as a mode of treatment. Unani is preferred because of minimal side effects associated as reported by 47% users. On the other hand, among nonuser ( n = 29), 48% population do not prefer Unani medicine because of its slow action. Very few (2.6%) users adopted Unani medicine exclusively, while most of them preferred Unani as an adjuvant with allopathic. Unani medicine is preferred mainly for the management of musculoskeletal disorders (35%), followed by GIT disorders (19%) and their related disorders., Conclusion: The awareness level regarding Unani medicine is good rather utilization of is relatively lower as compared to modern system of medicine. There is a need and scope for promotion of health education as well as improvement in the people's attitude towards Unani system of medicine., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Published
2022
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