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1. Design and on-orbit operation of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer ADR on the Hitomi Observatory

Author

Peter J, Shirron, Mark O, Kimball, Bryan L, James, Theodore, Muench, Edgar R, Canavan, Michael J, DiPirro, Thomas A, Bialas, Gary A, Sneiderman, Kevin R, Boyce, Caroline A, Kilbourne, Frederick S, Porter, Ryuichi, Fujimoto, Yoh, Takei, Seiji, Yoshida, and Kazuhisa, Mitsuda

Subjects
Article
Abstract

The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument that flew on the Astro-H observatory was designed to perform imaging and spectroscopy of x-rays in the energy range of 0.2 to 13 keV with a resolution requirement of 7 eV or better. This was accomplished using a 6x6 array of x-ray microcalorimeters cooled to an operating temperature of 50 mK by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The ADR consisted of three stages in order to operate using either a 1.2 K superfluid helium bath or a 4.5 K Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler as its heat sink. The design was based on the following operating strategy. After launch, while liquid helium was present (cryogen mode), two of the ADR’s stages would be used to single-shot cool the detectors, using the helium as a heat sink. When the helium was eventually depleted (cryogen-free mode), all three ADR stages would be used to continuously cool the helium tank to about 1.5 K, and to single-shot cool the detectors (to 50 mK), using the JT cryocooler as a heat sink. The Astro-H observatory, renamed Hitomi after its successful launch in February 2016, carried approximately 36 liters of helium into orbit. Based on measurements during ground testing, the average heat load on the helium was projected to be 0.66 mW, giving a lifetime of more than 4 years. On day 5, the helium had cooled to

Published
2019

2. Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

Author

Laura Brenneman, Hironori Matsumoto, Kirk Gilmore, Takayuki Yuasa, D. Lumb, Manabu Ishida, Aurora Simionescu, Takao Nakagawa, Junichiro Katsuta, Esra Bulbul, Meng P. Chiao, Philippe Laurent, Jelle de Plaa, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Keith Arnaud, Keiji Ogi, John P. Doty, B. Ramsey, Yuzuru Tawara, C. Megan Urry, Eric D. Miller, Peter Shirron, Gregory V. Brown, Dan R. Wilkins, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Richard F. Mushotzky, Nobuyuki Kawai, Brian J. Williams, Steven W. Allen, Naoko Iyomoto, Taro Kawano, Katja Pottschmidt, Yang Soong, Tadayuki Takahashi, Yasuharu Sugawara, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Margherita Giustini, Greg Madejski, Tetsu Kitayama, Megumi Shidatsu, Hideyuki Mori, Łukasz Stawarz, Randall K. Smith, Satoshi Sugita, Norbert Schartel, James Pontius, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Eugenio Ursino, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshio Nakano, Satoru Katsuda, Cor P. de Vries, Adam R. Foster, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Tomomi Watanabe, Yuichi Terashima, Christopher S. Reynolds, Hiroaki Sameshima, Alex Koujelev, Naohisa Anabuki, Isamu Hatsukade, Masaharu Nomachi, Yoichi Yatsu, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Steve O' Dell, Ann Hornschemeier, Akio Hoshino, Yasuo Tanaka, M. Pohl, Kyoko Matsushita, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Hideki Uchiyama, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Gary A. Sneiderman, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Toru Tamagawa, Yukikatsu Terada, Shinya Nakashima, Tsuneyoshi Kamae, Dmitry Khangulyan, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Rie Sato, Aya Bamba, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Shinya Saito, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Toshio Murakami, Takeda Shin'ichiro, Missagh Mehdipour, Motohide Kokubun, Masachika Iwai, Dan McCammon, Michael J. DiPirro, Marshall W. Bautz, Shunji Kitamoto, Naomi Ota, Brian R. McNamara, Frits Paerels, Stéphane Paltani, Magnus Axelsson, Edgar Canavan, Nobutaka Bando, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Shu Koyama, Felix Aharonian, Matteo Guainazzi, Joseph Miko, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Thomas G. Bialas, Koji Mori, Makoto Yamauchi, Uno Shin'ichiro, Hirokazu Odaka, Toru Sasaki, Mina Ogawa, Philipp Azzarello, Atsushi Wada, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Ken Ebisawa, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Yoshitomo Maeda, Jon M. Miller, A. L. King, Cynthia Simmons, Hirofumi Noda, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Carlo Ferrigno, Hiroyasu Tajima, Kazuo Makishima, Erin Kara, Fumie Akimoto, Shigeo Kawasaki, Kumi Ishikawa, Kosuke Sato, Hiroshi Nakajima, Knox S. Long, Jun Kataoka, Keisuke Shinozaki, Kazuyuki Hirose, Keisuke Tamura, Teruaki Enoto, Yoh Takei, Yoshito Haba, Shinya Yamada, Richard L. Kelley, Yoshihiro Ueda, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Kevin R. Boyce, D. Haas, Atsushi Okamoto, Kazuhiro Sakai, Ryo Nagino, Makoto Asai, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Michael Loewenstein, Daniel R. Wik, Yohko Tsuboi, Maria Chernyakova, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Hiroshi Murakami, Takeshi Nakamori, Hiroshi Tomida, Tahir Yaqoob, Norbert Werner, Paolo Coppi, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Shin Watanabe, Kosei Ishimura, Hideyo Kunieda, Candace Masters, Yusuke Nishioka, Shigeo Yamauchi, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, Andrew C. Fabian, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Kenji Hamaguchi, Liyi Gu, Edward M. Cackett, Chris Done, Junko S. Hiraga, Chris Baluta, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Maki Shida, Makoto Tashiro, Takanobu Shimada, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Ilana M. Harrus, Naoko Iwata, Timothy R. Kallman, Takuya Miyazawa, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Goro Sato, Ciro Pinto, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Harvey Moseley, Yoshiharu Namba, Shutaro Ueda, Masayuki Itoh, Takayoshi Kohmura, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Hans A. Krimm, Hiromi Seta, Atsumasa Yoshida, Kouichi Hagino, Yuichiro Ezoe, Samar Safi-Harb, John P. Hughes, Daniel Maier, Hajime Inoue, Lorella Angelini, Yasuko Shibano, Frederick S. Porter, Saori Konami, Takayuki Tamura, Shin Mineshige, Peter Kretschmar, Yoichi Sato, Helen Russell, Hiroyuki Uchida, Elisa Costantini, Chikara Natsukari, Housei Nagano, Jan-Willem den Herder, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Daniel S. McGuinness, Masanori Ohno, Hiroyuki Sugita, Katsuji Koyama, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Theodore Muench, Shiu-Hang Lee, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Stefan Funk, Luigi C. Gallo, Tatsuro Kosaka, Andrea Goldwurm, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Marc Audard, Makoto Sawada, Takashi Okajima, Franco Moroso, Akihiro Furuzawa, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Olivier Limousin, Takayuki Hayashi, Takao Kitaguchi, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroki Akamatsu, Andrew Szymkowiak, Robert Petre, Irina Zhuravleva, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], Stockholm University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University [Stanford], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Stanford University, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Space operations, X-ray telescope, microcalorimeter, 01 natural sciences, x-ray astronomy, 010309 optics, gamma-ray astronomy, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, [PHYS]Physics [physics], X-ray astronomy, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, hard x-ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, First light, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spacecraft system, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, gamma ray, Satellite, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

著者人数: 270名（所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 高橋, 忠幸; 国分, 紀秀; 満田, 和久; Baluta, Chris; 坂東, 信尚; 堂谷, 忠靖; 海老沢, 研; 林, 克洋; 廣瀬, 和之; 飯塚, 亮; 石田, 学; 石川, 久美; 石村, 康生; 岩井, 将親; 岩田, 直子; 河野, 太郎; 川崎, 繁男; 小山, 志勇; 前田, 良知; 峯杉, 賢治; 中川, 貴雄; 夏苅, 権; 小川, 博之; 小川, 美奈; 太田, 方之; 岡崎, 健; 尾崎, 正伸; 坂井, 真一郎; 鮫島, 寛明; 佐藤, 悟郎; 佐藤, 理江; 柴野, 靖子; 志田, 真樹; 嶋田, 貴信; Simionescu, Aurora; 菅原, 泰晴; 竹井, 洋; 田村, 隆幸; 田中, 靖郎; 田代, 信; 冨田, 洋; 辻本, 匡弘; 上田, 周太朗; 上野, 史郎; 和田, 篤始; 渡辺, 伸; 山田, 隆弘; 山崎, 典子）, Number of authors: 270 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS): Takahashi, Tadayuki; Kokubun, Motohide; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Baluta, Chris; Bando, Nobutaka; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hirose, Kazuyuki; Iizuka, Ryo; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishimura, Kosei; Iwai, Masachika; Iwata, Naoko; Kawano, Taro; Kawasaki, Shigeo; Koyama, Shu; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Minesugi, Kenji; Nakagawa, Takao; Natsukari, Chikara; Ogawa, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Mina; Ohta, Masayuki; Okazaki, Tsuyoshi; Ozaki, Masanobu; Sakai, Shinichiro; Sameshima, Hiroaki; Sato, Goro; Sato, Rie; Shibano, Yasuko; Shida, Maki; Shimada, Takanobu; Simionescu, Aurora; Sugawara, Yasuharu; Takei, Yoh; Tamura, Takayuki; Tanaka, Yasuo; Tashiro, Makoto; Tomida, Hiroshi; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Ueda, Shutaro; Ueno, Shiro; Wada, Atsushi; Watanabe, Shin; Yamada, Takahiro; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.), Accepted: 2018-02-05, 資料番号: SA1170333000

Published
2018

3. Design and on-orbit operation of the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator on the Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument

Author

Seiji Yoshida, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Kevin R. Boyce, Mark O. Kimball, Gary A. Sneiderman, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Yoh Takei, Michael J. DiPirro, Edgar Canavan, Theodore Muench, Frederick S. Porter, Bryan L. James, Peter Shirron, Ryuichi Fujimoto, and Thomas G. Bialas

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Liquid helium, Nuclear engineering, Refrigerator car, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryocooler, Heat sink, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dilution refrigerator, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Helium, Superfluid helium-4
Abstract

The Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Astro-H observatory contains a 6x6 array of x-ray microcalorimeters, which is cooled to 50 mK by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The ADR consists of three stages in order to provide stable detector cooling using either a 1.2 K superfluid helium bath or a 4.5 K Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler as its heat sink. When liquid helium is present, two of the ADR’s stages are used to single-shot cool the detectors while rejecting heat to the helium. After the helium is depleted, all three stages are used to cool both the helium tank (to about 1.5 K) and the detectors (to 50 mK) using the JT cryocooler as its heat sink. The Astro-H observatory, renamed Hitomi after its successful launch in February 2016, carried approximately 36 liters of helium into orbit. On day 5, the helium had cooled sufficiently (

Published
2016

4. The ASTRO-H (Hitomi) x-ray astronomy satellite

Author

Yasuharu Sugawara, Luigi C. Gallo, Manabu Ishida, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Makoto Yamauchi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Eric J. Miller, Ciro Pinto, Grzegorz Madejski, Meng P. Chiao, Yoshiharu Namba, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Goro Sato, Harvey Moseley, Takayoshi Kohmura, Mina Ogawa, Greg Brown, Kevin R. Boyce, Missagh Mehdipour, Shutaro Ueda, Satoru Katsuda, Philipp Azzarello, Shin'ichiro Uno, Atsushi Wada, Takao Kitaguchi, Knox S. Long, Yohko Tsuboi, Nobutaka Bando, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Hajime Inoue, Masayuki Itoh, Kazuyuki Hirose, Norbert Werner, Fumie Akimoto, Timothy R. Kallman, Shigeo Yamauchi, Maxim Markevitch, Yuto Ichinohe, Naohisa Anabuki, Satoshi Sugita, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Olivier Limousin, Meg Urry, Kouichi Hagino, Akio Hoshino, Kumi Ishikawa, Cor P. de Vries, Teruaki Enoto, Yasuo Tanaka, M. Pohl, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Peter Shirron, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Koji Mori, Hideki Uchiyama, Yukikatsu Terada, D. Haas, Keith A. Arnaud, Masanori Ohno, Christopher S. Reynolds, Hiromi Seta, Yusuke Nishioka, Carlo Ferrigno, Edgar Canavan, Katsuji Koyama, Daniel R. Wik, Shunji Kitamoto, Keisuke Shinozaki, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Dan McCammon, David H. Lumb, Kyoko Matsushita, Hiroyuki Uchida, John P. Hughes, Daniel Maier, Lorella Angelini, Taro Kawano, Cynthia Simmons, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Makoto Asai, Toru Tamagawa, Rie Sato, Keisuke Tamura, Yuzuru Tawara, Łukasz Stawarz, Motohide Kokubun, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroshi Tomida, F. Scott Porter, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Michael J. DiPirro, Richard F. Mushotzky, Nobuyuki Kawai, Brian J. Williams, Richard L. Kelley, Hirokazu Odaka, Matteo Guainazzi, Kazuo Makishima, Yuichiro Ezoe, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroki Akamatsu, Andrew Szymkowiak, Philippe Laurent, James Pontius, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Tetsu Kitayama, Megumi Shidatsu, Felix Aharonian, Shigeo Kawasaki, Takanobu Shimada, Laura Brenneman, Toru Sasaki, Isamu Hatsukade, A. L. King, Takuya Miyazawa, Toshio Nakano, Atsumasa Yoshida, Robert Petre, Shinya Yamada, Stéphane Paltani, Eugenio Ursino, Adam R. Foster, Takayuki Hayashi, Shiu-Hang Lee, Toshio Murakami, Chris Done, Takeshi Nakamori, Kazuhiro Sakai, Ryo Nagino, Yuichi Terashima, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Michael Loewenstein, Shin Mineshige, Peter Kretschmar, John P. Doty, Candace Masters, Yoichi Sato, Junko S. Hiraga, Magnus Axelsson, Kenji Hamaguchi, Marshall W. Bautz, Junichiro Katsuta, Hiroaki Sameshima, Ilana M. Harrus, Thomas G. Bialas, Elisa Costantini, Daniel S. McGuinness, Yoichi Yatsu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Naoko Iwata, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Yasuko Shibano, Norbert Schartel, Helen Russell, Gary A. Sneiderman, Steve Allen, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Makoto Sawada, Megan E. Eckart, Takaya Ohashi, Dmitry Khangulyan, Kosei Ishimura, Tatsuro Kosaka, Andrea Goldwurm, Takashi Okajima, Hirofumi Noda, Franco Moroso, F. B. S. Paerels, Hiroyuki Sugita, Alex Koujelev, Masaharu Nomachi, Tomomi Watanabe, Marc Audard, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hideyo Kunieda, Keiji Ogi, Akihiro Furuzawa, Brian D. Ramsey, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Shinya Saito, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Liyi Gu, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Kosuke Sato, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Yoshitomo Maeda, Yoshihiro Ueda, Shinya Nakashima, Irina Zhuravleva, Andrew C. Fabian, Tahir Yaqoob, Housei Nagano, Erin Kara, Brian R. McNamara, Naomi Ota, Shu Koyama, Joseph Miko, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Steve O'Dell, Takaaki Tanaka, Hironori Matsumoto, Tadayasu Dotani, Ken Ebisawa, Dan R. Wilkins, Hiroyasu Tajima, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Chikara Natsukari, Jan-Willem den Herder, Tadayuki Takahashi, Francois Lebrun, Hiroshi Nakajima, Yoh Takei, Hideyuki Mori, Yoshito Haba, Jun Kataoka, Randall K. Smith, Atsushi Okamoto, Maria Chernyakova, Shin Watanabe, Edward M. Cackett, Shin'ichiro Takeda, Takayuki Tamura, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Maki Shida, Chris Baluta, Kirk Gilmore, Aurora Simionescu, Ann Hornschemeier, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Jelle de Plaa, Naoko Iyomoto, Atsushi Harayama, Aya Bamba, Katja Pottschmidt, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Makoto Tashiro, Esra Bulbul, Yang Soong, Paolo De Coppi, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Hans A. Krimm, Samar Safi-Harb, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Takao Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Margherita Giustini, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Takayuki Yuasa, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Jon M. Miller, and Theodore Muench

Subjects
Physics, X-ray astronomy, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, High resolution, First light, Gamma-ray astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Spacecraft system, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E > 2 keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. After a successful launch on 2016 February 17, the spacecraft lost its function on 2016 March 26, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the on-board instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month.

Published
2016

5. Micro-X, the TES X-ray Imaging Rocket: First Year Progress

Author

Kathryn A. Flanagan, R. L. Kelley, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Robert Petre, M. Loewenstein, D. McCammon, D. Najjar, Gregory V. Brown, Frederick S. Porter, Joseph S. Adams, Massimiliano Galeazzi, K. Yoha, John M. Rutherford, William B. Doriese, Tarek Saab, Kent D. Irwin, S. Deiker, Joel N. Ullom, R. Smith, D. Martinez-Galarce, Caroline A. Kilbourne, P. Wikus, Kevin R. Boyce, Gene C. Hilton, Simon R. Bandler, Carl D. Reintsema, Steven E. Kissel, T. R. Kallman, Marshall W. Bautz, R. F. Mushotzky, Steven W. Leman, Una Hwang, Alan M. Levine, Y. Bagdasarova, Norbert S. Schulz, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, Optics, Sensor array, Operating temperature, law, Electromagnetic shielding, Puppis A, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Transition edge sensor, business
Abstract

Micro-X is a sounding-rocket experiment that will combine a transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array with an imaging mirror to obtain high-spectral-resolution images of astronomical X-ray sources. The instrument's resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band will be 2 eV. The first flight will target the region of the Bright Eastern Knot of the Puppis A supernova remnant and is slated for January 2011. The obtained high-resolution X-ray spectra will be used to ascertain the temperature and ionization state of the X-ray-emitting gas and to determine its velocity structure. The TES array is read out by a time-division superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing system. The detector front end assembly and the SQUID multiplexing circuit are cooled to the operating temperature of 50 mK with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The design of this refrigerator is tailored to the requirements of rocket flight. Stable operation of the TES array close to the ADR magnet will be achieved with a magnetic shielding system, which will be based on a combination of a bucking coil and high-permeability and superconducting shield materials to cancel out residual fields. We describe our progress in developing the Micro-X instrument.

Published
2009

6. The Suzaku High Resolution X-Ray Spectrometer

Author

Peter Shirron, Andrew Szymkowiak, T. Furusho, Gregory V. Brown, Yoh Takei, Susan Breon, Jean Cottam, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Naomi Ota, Gary A. Sneiderman, Ritva A. M. Keski-Kuha, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Petar Arsenovic, John Panek, June L. Tveekrem, Stephen S. Holt, Kevin R. Boyce, Oscar Gonzalez, Masayuki Hirabayashi, Dan McCammon, Thomas G. Bialas, F. Scott Porter, U. Morita, Carol S. Jones, Keith C. Gendreau, Michael J. DiPirro, Robert F. Boyle, Katsuhiro Narasaki, Takaya Ohashi, Mikio Yamamoto, Caroline A. Kilbourne, S. Harvey Moseley, Aristides T. Serlemitsos, Manabu Ishida, Michael D. Audley, Hajime Inoue, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, R. L. Kelley, Stephen M. Volz, Gene G. Gochar, Yoshiaki Ogawara, Christine A. Allen, and Brent Mott

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Water cooling, Spectral resolution, business, Spectroscopy
Abstract

著者人数: 44名, Accepted: 2006-10-03, 資料番号: SA1000630000

Published
2007

7. Electron Impact Excitation Cross Section Measurement forn= 3 ton= 2 Line Emission in Fe17+to Fe23+

Author

Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, Peter Beiersdorfer, Steven M. Kahn, James H. Scofield, Frederick S. Porter, Gregory V. Brown, H. Chen, Caroline A. Kilbourne, and M. F. Gu

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Electron capture, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Excitation, Electron ionization, Ion, Electron beam ion trap, L-shell
Abstract

We have measured the electron impact excitation cross sections for the strong iron L-shell 3 {yields} 2 lines of Fe XVIII to Fe XXIV at the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap using a crystal spectrometer and NASA-Goddard Space Flight Centers 6 x 6 pixel array microcalorimeter. The cross sections were determined by direct normalization to the well established cross section of radiative electron capture through a sophisticated model analysis which results in the excitation cross section for the strong Fe L-shell lines at multiple electron energies. This measurement is part of a laboratory X-ray astrophysics program utilizing the Livermore electron beam ion traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II.

Published
2006

8. Laboratory simulation of cometary X-rays using a high-resolution microcalorimeter

Author

R. L. Kelley, Kevin R. Boyce, Steven M. Kahn, H. Chen, Frederick S. Porter, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Peter Beiersdorfer, and Gregory V. Brown

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Resolution (electron density), Electron shell, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Ion, Cathode ray, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, National laboratory, Instrumentation, X ray spectra, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Charge exchange
Abstract

X-ray emission following charge exchange has been studied on the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory electron beam ion traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II using a high-resolution microcalorimeter. The measured spectra include the K-shell emission from hydrogenlike and heliumlike C, N, O, and Ne needed for simulations of cometary x-ray emission. A comparison of the spectra produced in the interaction of O8+ with N2 and CH4 is presented that illustrates the dependence of the observed spectrum on the interaction gas., 11 pages, 2 figures

Published
2005

9. Measurement of electron impact collisional excitation cross sections of Ni to Ga-Like Gold

Author

Mark May, Frederick S. Porter, Nicholas M. Jordan, K. B. Fournier, Stephanie Hansen, Kevin R. Boyce, Caroline A. Kilbourne, K. J. Reed, R. L. Kelley, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, M. F. Gu, and James H. Scofield

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Chemistry, Excited state, Electron, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Collisional excitation, Excitation, Electron ionization, Beam (structure), Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

We are measuring the cross sections for the 3d → 4f and 3d → 5f excitations in Ni- to Ga-like Au in beam plasmas created in the Livermore electron beam ion trap EBIT-I. The measurements are possible by using the high-resolution broadband coverage of the Goddard Space Flight Center micro-calorimeter. The cross sections are determined from the ratio of the intensity of the collisionally excited lines to the intensity of the radiative recombination lines. The value of the excitation cross section of the 3d 3/2 → 5f 5/2 transition in Au 50+ (Cu-like) is presented and compared to distorted wave calculations.

Published
2005

10. Excitation Cross Section Measurement forn= 3 ton= 2 Line Emission in Fe20+to Fe23+

Author

Caroline A. Kilbourne, Steven M. Kahn, Frederick S. Porter, Peter Beiersdorfer, Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, H. Chen, James H. Scofield, Gregory V. Brown, and M. F. Gu

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Electron capture, Radiative transfer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, Atomic physics, Ground state, Electron ionization, L-shell, Ion, Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

Electron impact excitation cross sections have been measured for iron L-shell 3 {yields} 2 lines of FeXXI to FeXXIV at the EBIT-II electron beam ion trap using a crystal spectrometer and a 6 x 6-element array microcalorimeter. The cross sections were determined by direct normalization to the well established cross section of radiative electron capture and a summary of calculated energy dependent radiative recombination cross sections for electron capture into the ground state fine structure levels of Fe{sup 16+} to Fe{sup 23+} ions is given. The measurement results for 17 lines and their comparison with model calculations are presented. While agreement of the model calculations with experiment is good for most measured lines, significant discrepancies were found for a few lines, including the strongest line in Fe XXI.

Published
2005

11. New Results in Laboratory X-ray Astrophysics

Author

Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, Bradford J. Wargelin, Peter Beiersdorfer, Steven M. Kahn, Frederick S. Porter, H. Chen, J. K. Lepson, Gregory V. Brown, Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, and J. G. Jernigan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray, Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A multi-faceted, multi-institutional laboratory astrophysics program is carried out at the Livermore electron beam ion trap facility, which is a mature spectroscopic source with unsurpassed controls and capabilities, and an unparalleled assortment of spectroscopic equipment, including a full complement of grating and crystal spectrometers and a 6x6 micro-calorimeter array. Recent results range from the calibration of x-ray diagnostics, including the Fe XVII and Fe XXV emission lines, extensive lists of L-shell ions, the first laboratory simulation and fit of a cometary x-ray emission spectrum, and the discovery of new spectral diagnostics for measuring magnetic field strengths.

Published
2005

12. Laboratory Measurements of 3 → 2 X-Ray Emission Lines of Ne-like Ni <scp>xix</scp>

Author

R. L. Kelley, Gregory V. Brown, S. M. Kahn, M. F. Gu, Peter Beiersdorfer, Kevin R. Boyce, Caroline A. Kilbourne, H. Chen, and F. S. Porter

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, X-ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Grating spectrometer, Intensity ratio, Collisional excitation, Excitation, Ion, Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

The intensity ratios between 3 → 2 emission lines in Ni XIX were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT-I) with a flat-field grating spectrometer and the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray microcalo-rimeter. The results are consistent with earlier measurements of Fe XVII and other Ne-like ions at Livermore and confirm the problems in the atomic modeling of the direct collisional excitation for Ne-like systems.

Published
2004

13. Energy scales in X-ray microcalorimeters

Author

Frederick S. Porter, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Jean Cottam, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, Gregory V. Brown, R. L. Kelley, W. A. Tillotson, and Kevin R. Boyce

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Photon energy, Pulse (physics), Optics, Rise time, Calibration, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Microcalorimeter pulse shape characteristics, such as pulse height, decay constant, and rise time, are dependent on the detector temperature and bias as well as incident photon energy. We examine the nature of the temperature dependency by illuminating the Astro-E2 X-ray Spectrometer microcalorimeter array with X-rays generated by electron impact on a selection of foil targets. The resulting pulses are collected over a range of detector temperatures. We observe and model these pulses by fitting the data with non-linear pulse models. Our aim is to determine a robust method for correcting the energy scale obtained in ground calibration for slight differences in the operating conditions while in orbit.

Published
2004

14. Laboratory Measurements of the Relative Intensity of the 3[CLC][ITAL]s[/ITAL][/CLC] → 2[CLC][ITAL]p[/ITAL][/CLC] and 3[CLC][ITAL]d[/ITAL][/CLC] → 2[CLC][ITAL]p[/ITAL][/CLC] Transitions in F[CLC]e[/CLC] [CSC]xvii[/CSC]

Author

H. Chen, Peter Beiersdorfer, Steven M. Kahn, Gregory V. Brown, Keith C. Gendreau, M. F. Gu, Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, J. Gygax, F. S. Porter, Ehud Behar, Andrew E. Szymkowiak, and Caroline Kilbourn Stahle

Subjects
Physics, Relative intensity, Spectrometer, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Satellite, Plasma, Atomic physics, Spectral line, Electron beam ion trap, Calorimeter
Abstract

The intensity ratios of the 3s → 2p and 3d → 2p lines in Fe XVII were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap employing a complementary set of spectrometers, including a high-resolution crystal spectrometer and the Goddard 32 pixel calorimeter. The resulting laboratory data are in agreement with satellite measurements of the Sun and astrophysical sources in collisional equilibrium such as Capella, Procyon, and NGC 4636. The results disagree with earlier laboratory measurements and assertions that processes not accounted for in laboratory measurements must play a role in the formation of the Fe XVII spectra in solar and astrophysical plasmas.

Published
2002

15. Measurement of Emission Cross Sections for n = 3 → 2 Lines in Li-like Fe 23+

Author

Andrew E. Szymkowiak, Steven M. Kahn, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, F. S. Porter, R. L. Kelley, Kevin R. Boyce, James H. Scofield, H. Chen, Keith C. Gendreau, and Caroline Kilbourn Stahle

Subjects
Physics, Normalization (statistics), Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Space and Planetary Science, Electron capture, Radiative transfer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Crystal spectrometer, Atomic physics, Excitation, Electron ionization, Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

We report measurements of emission cross sections for iron L-shell 3 → 2 lines in Fe23+ performed on the electron beam ion trap EBIT-II using a combination of a crystal spectrometer and the spare 6 × 6 element X-Ray Spectrometer microcalorimeter from the Astro-E X-ray satellite mission. Use of the microcalorimeter enables for first time the normalization of line emission cross sections, i.e., effective electron impact excitation cross sections that include radiative cascades, to the well-established cross section of radiative electron capture, thus allowing the normalization of relative line intensity measurements using crystal spectrometers.

Published
2002

16. The ASTRO-H X-ray astronomy satellite

Author

Hironori Matsumoto, Yasuharu Sugawara, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Steve Allen, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, James Pontius, Luigi C. Gallo, Dmitry Khangulyan, Hiroyuki Uchida, Yuichi Terashima, Yoichi Yatsu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Makoto Sawada, Peter Shirron, Hirofumi Noda, Andrew C. Fabian, Nicholas E. White, Brian R. McNamara, Dan R. Wilkins, Franco Moroso, Maxim Markevitch, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin Mineshige, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Stephanie M. LaMassa, Tahir Yaqoob, Richard Mushotzky, Satoshi Sugita, Akihiro Furuzawa, Philipp Azzarello, Atsushi Wada, Yoh Takei, Yoshito Haba, Jun Kataoka, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Helen Russell, Satoru Katsuda, Hiroaki Takahashi, Knox S. Long, Shinya Nakashima, Meg Urry, Housei Nagano, Chris Baluta, Atsushi Okamoto, Maria Chernyakova, Shin Watanabe, Randall K. Smith, Hans A. Krimm, Samar Safi-Harb, Yuichiro Ezoe, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hiroshi Nakajima, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Katja Pottschmidt, Timothy R. Kallman, Stefan Funk, Kosuke Sato, Naomi Ota, Chikara Natsukari, Kazuo Makishima, Ken Ebisawa, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Tatsuro Kosaka, Mina Ogawa, Jan-Willem den Herder, Atsumasa Yoshida, Joseph Miko, Chris Done, Shin'ichiro Uno, Kosei Ishimura, Hideyuki Mori, Takeshi Nakamori, H. Sameshima, Edward M. Cackett, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Naoko Iyomoto, Kumi Ishikawa, Takashi Okajima, Yoshihiro Ueda, Hiroyasu Tajima, Mark O. Kimball, Arvind Parmar, Yasuko Shibano, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Gary A. Sneiderman, Thomas G. Bialas, Toshio Murakami, Masanori Ohno, Christopher S. Reynolds, Masashi Kimura, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Masayuki Ito, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Marshall W. Bautz, Atsushi Harayama, Olivier Limousin, Naohisa Anabuki, Taro Kawano, Maki Shida, Martin Pohl, Saori Konami, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Aya Kubota, Chris Jewell, Yoshitomo Maeda, Steve O' Dell, Yukikatsu Terada, Keiji Ogi, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Takahiro Yamada, Edgar Canavan, Hiroki Akamatsu, Katsuji Koyama, Tomomi Watanabe, Marc Audard, Andrew Szymkowiak, Eric J. Miller, Ciro Pinto, Irina Zhuravleva, Shigeo Kawasaki, Jon M. Miller, Grzegorz Madejski, Makoto Tashiro, Ann Hornschemeier, Robert Petre, Koji Mori, Yasunobu Uchiyama, David H. Lumb, Brian D. Ramsey, Alex Koujelev, Shin'ichiro Takeda, Keisuke Shinozaki, Una Hwang, D. Haas, Shiro Ueno, Koji Mukai, Theodore Muench, Shinya Yamada, Masaharu Nomachi, Hiroshi Murakami, Kirk Gilmore, Keith A. Arnaud, Yoichi Sato, Kyoko Matsushita, Yoshiharu Namba, Takuya Miyazawa, Claudio Ricci, Teruaki Enoto, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Dan McCammon, Daniel S. McGuinness, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Carlo Ferrigno, Motohide Kokubun, Stéphane Paltani, Elisa Costantini, Hiroshi Tomida, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Laura Brenneman, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Keisuke Tamura, Aurora Simionescu, Toru Tamagawa, Paolo De Coppi, Hiroyuki Sugita, Rie Sato, F. Scott Porter, Yusuke Nishioka, Franccois Lebrun, Takanobu Shimada, Yuzuru Tawara, Takayoshi Kohmura, Makoto Yamauchi, Shinya Saito, Jelle de Plaa, Michael J. DiPirro, Poshak Gandhi, Yasushi Fukazawa, Richard L. Kelley, Hirokazu Odaka, Nobuyuki Kawai, Junko S. Hiraga, Frits Paerels, Hiromi Seta, Takao Nakagawa, Rubens Reis, Tetsu Kitayama, Manabu Ishida, Cor P. de Vries, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Akio Hoshino, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Felix Aharonian, Matteo Guainazzi, Meng P. Chiao, Eugenio Ursino, Adam R. Foster, John ZuHone, Hiroyuki Ogawa, John P. Doty, Takayuki Hayashi, Yasuo Tanaka, Junichiro Katsuta, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Kevin R. Boyce, John P. Hughes, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Ryo Nagino, Lorella Angelini, Philippe Laurent, Michael Loewenstein, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Yang Soong, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayasu Dotani, Candace Masters, Aya Bamba, Kenji Hamaguchi, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Takayuki Yuasa, Hideki Uchiyama, Takayuki Tamura, Kazuyuki Hirose, Naoko Iwata, Shunji Kitamoto, Goro Sato, Greg Brown, Shutaro Ueda, Megan E. Eckart, Cynthia Simmons, Takaya Ohashi, Hideyo Kunieda, Lukasz Stawarz, Yohko Tsuboi, Norbert Werner, Fumie Akimoto, Shigeo Yamauchi, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Nobutaka Bando, Isamu Hatsukade, Caroline A. Kilbourne, and Makoto Asai

Subjects
Physics, Astronautics, X-ray astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma radiation, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, x-rays, x-ray astronomy, Redshift, Gravitation, satellites, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, spectral resolution, Satellite, equipment and services, Spectral resolution, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, galaxy groups and clusters, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Galaxy cluster
Abstract

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), with a planned launch in 2015. The ASTRO-H mission is equipped with a suite of sensitive instruments with the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E > 3 keV and a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. The simultaneous broad band pass, coupled with the high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV of the micro-calorimeter, will enable a wide variety of important science themes to be pursued. ASTRO-H is expected to provide breakthrough results in scientific areas as diverse as the large-scale structure of the Universe and its evolution, the behavior of matter in the gravitational strong field regime, the physical conditions in sites of cosmic-ray acceleration, and the distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters at different redshifts., 24 pages, 18 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray"

Published
2014

17. Laboratory astrophysics and atomic physics using the NASA/GSFC microcalorimeter spectrometers at the LLNL electron beam ion trap and radiation properties facility

Author

Frederick S. Porter, S. M. Kahn, Daniel Thorn, Mark May, Klaus Widmann, Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, A. E. Szymkowiak, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, M. F. Gu, H. Chen, and Caroline A. Kilbourne

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Electron capture, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation, Detector, Nuclear physics, Observatory, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

The 32 pixel laboratory microcalorimeter spectrometer built by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is now an integral part of the spectroscopy suite used routinely by the electron beam ion trap and radiative properties group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The second generation laboratory instrument, dubbed the XRS/EBIT, is nearly identical to the XRS instrument on the Suzaku X-ray Observatory, formerly Astro-E2. The detector array is from the same processed wafer and uses the same HgTe absorbers. It is being used to measure the photon emission from a variety of radiation sources. These include X-ray emission from laboratory simulated celestial sources, X-ray emission from highly charged ions of Au, and X-ray emission following charge exchange and radiative electron capture. The wide range of applications demonstrates the versatility of a high-resolution, high-efficiency low-temperature detector that is able to collect data continually with minimal operator servicing.

Published
2006

18. The x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer onboard Athena

Author

Lorenzo Natalucci, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, C. P. de Vries, D. Bagnali, J. W. den Herder, Jörn Wilms, Yoh Takei, Christian Schmid, Kevin R. Boyce, Peter Shirron, Flavio Gatti, Caroline A. Kilbourne, María Teresa Ceballos, Mike DiPirro, Salvatore Sciortino, Teresa Mineo, C. Pigot, Simone Lotti, Christophe Cara, J. van der Kuur, Leonardo Corcione, Etienne Renotte, Guido Torrioli, I. Hepburn, Frederick S. Porter, J. L. Sauvageot, Xavier Barcons, Claudio Macculi, P. A. J. de Korte, Marco Barbera, P. Guttridge, S. Paltani, William B. Doriese, J. de Plaa, Beatriz Cobo, Luigi Piro, D. Willingale, Takaya Ohashi, Simon R. Bandler, Luciano Gottardi, Didier Barret, P. Bastia, M. Bisotti, Emanuele Perinati, L. Ravera, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, R. L. Kelley, R. den Hartog, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, H. van Weers, M. J. Page, Kent D. Irwin, Luca Valenziano, Yuichiro Ezoe, L. Colasanti, Grégor Rauw, den Herder, J., Bagnali, D., Bandler, S., Barbera, M., Barcons, X., Barret, D., Bastia, P., Bisotti, M., Boyce, K., Cara, C., Ceballos, M., Corcione, L., Cobo, B., Colasanti, L., de Plaa, J., Dipirro, M., Doriese, W., Ezoe, Y., Fujimoto, R., Gatti, F., Gottardi, L., Guttridge, P., den Hartog, R., Hepburn, I., Kelley, R., Irwin, K., Ishisaki, Y., Kilbourne, C., de Korte, P., van der Kuur, J., Lotti, S., Macculi, C., Mitsuda, K., Mineo, T., Natalucci, L., Ohashi, T., Page, M., Paltani, S., Perinati, E., Piro, L., Pigot, C., Porter, F., Rauw, G., Ravera, L., Renotte, E., Sauvageot, J., Schmid, C., Sciortino, S., Shirron, P., Takei, Y., Torrioli, G., Tsujimoto, M., Valenziano, L., Willingale, D., de Vries, C., van Weers, H., Wilms, J., and Yamasaki, N.

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Missions, law.invention, X-ray, Telescope, X-ray, missions, micro-calorimeter, Athena, Optics, Cardinal point, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Micro-calorimeter, Athena, law, Transition edge sensor, Spectral resolution, business
Abstract

Trabajo presentado a la conferencia: "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray" celebrada en Amsterdam (Holanda) el 1 de julio de 2012.-- et al., One of the instruments on the Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena) which was one of the three missions under study as one of the L-class missions of ESA, is the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS). This instrument, which will provide high-spectral resolution images, is based on X-ray micro-calorimeters with Transition Edge Sensor (TES) and absorbers that consist of metal and semi-metal layers and a multiplexed SQUID readout. The array (32 x 32 pixels) provides an energy resolution of < 3 eV. Due to the large collection area of the Athena optics, the XMS instrument must be capable of processing high counting rates, while maintaining the spectral resolution and a low deadtime. In addition, an anti-coincidence detector is required to suppress the particle-induced background. Compared to the requirements for the same instrument on IXO, the performance requirements have been relaxed to fit into the much more restricted boundary conditions of Athena. In this paper we illustrate some of the science achievable with the instrument. We describe the results of design studies for the focal plane assembly and the cooling systems. Also, the system and its required spacecraft resources will be given. © (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2012

19. The ASTRO-H Mission

Author

Ann Hornschemeier, Peter Shirron, Scott Porter, Kyoko Matsushita, Nobutaka Bando, Naoki Isobe, Toru Tamagawa, Miyako Tozuka, Masanori Ohno, Christopher S. Reynolds, Katsuji Koyama, Yoichi Yatsu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Michael J. DiPirro, Frits Paerels, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Takuya Miyazawa, Toshio Murakami, Kazuyuki Hirose, Stéphane Paltani, Motohide Kokubun, Rita M. Sambruna, Andrew C. Fabian, Grzegorz Madejski, Kazuo Makishima, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Hiroyuki Uchida, John P. Hughes, Kenzo Kinugasa, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hideaki Katagiri, Lorella Angelini, Takao Nakagawa, Nicholas E. White, Richard L. Kelley, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Yoshiharu Namba, Shin Mineshige, Akihiro Furuzawa, Olivier Limousin, Cor P. de Vries, Yang Soong, Arvind Parmer, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Paolo De Coppi, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Chris Done, Takeshi Nakamori, Naomi Ota, Fumie Akimoto, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Takaya Ohashi, Satoru Katsuda, Taro Kotani, Takahiro Yamada, Meg Urry, Shigeo Yamauchi, Yoshihiro Ueda, Andrew Szymkowiak, Takayoshi Kohmura, Tadayuki Takahashi, Knox S. Long, Maki Shida, Michael Loewenstein, Yukikatsu Terada, Kosei Ishimura, Hideyuki Mori, Yuichiro Ezoe, Hironori Matsumoto, Steve O' Dell, Robert Petre, Yasuo Tanaka, Yuichi Terashima, Hiroyasu Tajima, Tuneyoshi Kamae, Goro Sato, Aya Kubota, Greg Brown, Hideyo Kunieda, Lukasz Stawarz, Isamu Hatsukade, Yoichi Sato, M. Pohl, Atsumasa Yoshida, Masayuki Ito, Masaharu Nomachi, Kenji Hamaguchi, Hiroyuki Sugita, Randall K. Smith, Gary A. Sneiderman, Hideki Uchiyama, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Koji Mukai, Elisa Costantini, Shigeo Kawasaki, Naoko Iwata, Mark W. Bautz, Philippe Laurent, Mina Ogawa, Shin'ichiro Uno, Timothy R. Kallman, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Hiroshi Murakami, Shunji Kitamoto, Daisuke Yonetoku, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Kirk Gilmore, Hiroshi Tomida, Keiji Ogi, Brian D. Ramsey, Dmitry Khangaluyan, Masanobu Ozaki, Kenji Minesugi, Makoto Yamauchi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Keith C. Gendreau, Yuzuru Tawara, Hiroshi Nakajima, Keisuke Shinozaki, Jean Cottam, Makoto Tashiro, Jelle de Plaa, Nobuyuki Kawai, Takaaki Tanaka, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Ken Ebisawa, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Y. Tsuboi, Yujin E. Nakagawa, Tetsu Kitayama, John Crow, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Manabu Ishida, Richard Mushotzky, Dan McCammon, Takashi Okajima, Naohisa Anabuki, Francois Lebrun, Jan-Willem den Herder, Junko S. Hiraga, Takanobu Shimada, Felix Aharonian, Stefan Funk, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Yoshitomo Maeda, Steve Allen, Tatsuro Kosaka, Ryo Iizuka, Masayuki Ohta, Francesco Tombesi, Jelle Kaastra, Kevin R. Boyce, Takayuki Tamura, Aya Bamba, Roger Blandford, Kazunori Ishibashi, Madoka Kawaharada, Hisamitsu Awaki, Tadayasu Dotani, Maxim Markevitch, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Yoh Takei, Yoshito Haba, Koji Mori, Jun Kataoka, Una Hwang, Teruaki Enoto, Jon M. Miller, Poshak Gandhi, Maria Chernyakova, Keith A. Arnaud, Yasushi Fukazawa, Shin Watanabe, Keisuke Tamura, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Arnaud, Monique, Murray, Stephen S., Takahashi, Tadayuki, ASTRO-H, Paltani, Stéphane, Pohl, Martin, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Ccd camera, Spectral resolution, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Hard x-rays, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Coating, Optics, CCD cameras, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, Wide band, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spatial resolution, business.industry, Sensors, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Focal plane detector, Mirrors, Multilayers, ddc:520, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe by performing high-resolution, high-throughput spectroscopy with moderate angular resolution. ASTRO-H covers very wide energy range from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. ASTRO-H allows a combination of wide band X-ray spectroscopy (5-80 keV) provided by multilayer coating, focusing hard X-ray mirrors and hard X-ray imaging detectors, and high energy-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (0.3-12 keV) provided by thin-foil X-ray optics and a micro-calorimeter array. The mission will also carry an X-ray CCD camera as a focal plane detector for a soft X-ray telescope (0.4-12 keV) and a non-focusing soft gamma-ray detector (40-600 keV) . The micro-calorimeter system is developed by an international collaboration led by ISAS/JAXA and NASA. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution of Delta E ~7 eV provided by the micro-calorimeter will enable a wide variety of important science themes to be pursued., 18 pages, 12 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray"

Published
2010

20. The X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer onboard of IXO

Author

Jay Chervenak, Luigi Piro, R. den Hartog, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ryuichi Fujimoto, G. C. Hilton, William B. Doriese, J. W. den Herder, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, P. A. J. de Korte, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Yoh Takei, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Keith C. Gendreau, Stephen J. Smith, Teresa Mineo, H. van Weers, Makoto Tashiro, Stéphane Paltani, L. Colasanti, Mike DiPirro, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Yuichiro Ezoe, R. L. Kelley, H. F. C. Hoevers, J. H. Nieland, Emanuele Perinati, Peter Shirron, Guido Torrioli, Frederick S. Porter, M. Bruin, J. van der Kuur, L. Ferrari, Ali Kashani, Megan E. Eckart, Claudio Macculi, Takaya Ohashi, Luciano Gottardi, P. Bastia, Flavio Gatti, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Kevin R. Boyce, Simon R. Bandler, and Kent D. Irwin

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, International X-ray Observatory, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Micro-calorimeter, Missions, X-ray, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cardinal point, Optics, Observatory, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Transition edge sensor, Spectral resolution, business
Abstract

One of the instruments on the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), under study with NASA, ESA and JAXA, is the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS). This instrument, which will provide high spectral resolution images, is based on X-ray micro-calorimeters with Transition Edge Sensor thermometers. The pixels have metallic X-ray absorbers and are read-out by multiplexed SQUID electronics. The requirements for this instrument are demanding. In the central array (40 x 40 pixels) an energy resolution of < 2.5 eV is required, whereas the energy resolution of the outer array is more relaxed (≈ 10 eV) but the detection elements have to be a factor 16 larger in order to keep the number of read-out channels acceptable for a cryogenic instrument. Due to the large collection area of the IXO optics, the XMS instrument must be capable of processing high counting rates, while maintaining the spectral resolution and a low deadtime. In addition, an anti-coincidence detector is required to suppress the particle-induced background. In this paper we will summarize the instrument status and performance. We will describe the results of design studies for the focal plane assembly and the cooling systems. Also the system and its required spacecraft resources will be given.

Published
2010

21. Science with Micro-X: the TES microcalorimeter x-ray imaging rocket

Author

Robert Petre, Kevin R. Boyce, Frederick S. Porter, R. Smith, D. Martinez-Galarce, R. L. Kelley, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Joel N. Ullom, Alan M. Levine, Una Hwang, Gregory V. Brown, Norbert S. Schulz, R. F. Mushotzky, M. Loewenstein, D. McCammon, Gene C. Hilton, S. Deiker, C. D. Reistema, Tarek Saab, Kent D. Irwin, William B. Doriese, Timothy R. Kallman, Simon R. Bandler, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Marshall W. Bautz, Steven E. Kissel, and Kathryn A. Flanagan

Subjects
Physics, Sounding rocket, Galaxy groups and clusters, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Puppis A, Astronomy, Circinus, Astrophysics, Supernova remnant, Virgo Cluster, Galaxy, Spectral line
Abstract

Micro-X is a proposed sounding rocket experiment that will combine a transition-edge-sensor X-ray-microcalorimeter array with a conical imaging mirror to obtain high-spectral-resolution images of extended and point X-ray sources. We describe the payload and the science targeted by this mission including the discussion of three possible Micro- X targets: the Puppis A supernova remnant, the Virgo Cluster, and Circinus X-1. For example, a Micro-X observation of the bright eastern knot of Puppis A will obtain a line-dominated spectrum with 90,000 counts collected in 300 seconds at 2 eV resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band. Micro-X will utilize plama diagnostics to determine the thermodynamic and ionization state of the plasma, to search for line shifts and broadening associated with dynamical processes, and seek evidence of ejecta enhancement. For clusters of galaxies, Micro-X can uniquely study turbulence and the temperature distribution function. For binaries, Micro-X's high resolution spectra will separate the different processes contributing to the Fe K lines at 6 keV and give a clear view of the geometry of the gas flows and circumstellar gas.

Published
2006

22. Energy-dependent excitation cross section measurements of the diagnostic lines of Fe XVII

Author

Gregory V. Brown, M. F. Gu, Kevin R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, H. Chen, A. E. Szymkowiak, Steven M. Kahn, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Frederick S. Porter, James H. Scofield, and Peter Beiersdorfer

Subjects
Physics, Cross section (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Atomic physics, Threshold energy, Resonance (particle physics), Excitation, Spectral line, Electron beam ion trap, Ion
Abstract

By implementing a large-area, gain-stabilized microcalorimeter array on an electron beam ion trap, the electron-impact excitation cross sections for the dominant x-ray lines in the Fe XVII spectrum have been measured as a function of electron energy establishing a benchmark for atomic calculations. The results show that the calculations consistently predict the cross section of the resonance line to be significantly larger than measured. The lower cross section accounts for several problems found when modeling solar and astrophysical Fe XVII spectra.

Published
2005

23. Simulating Cometary and Stellar X-ray Emission in the Laboratory Using Microcalorimeters and an Electron Beam Ion Trap

Author

J. Cottam, Alexander Graf, G Brown, Keith C. Gendreau, Kevin R. Boyce, C A Kilbourne, R. L. Kelley, F. S. Porter, S. M. Kahn, M. J. May, H. Chen, P. Beiersdorfer, S. Terracol, A. E. Szymkowiak, and D. Thorn

Subjects
Physics, Opacity, Astrophysical plasma, Astrophysics, Plasma, Solar maximum, Spectral line, Electron beam ion trap, Line (formation), Ion
Abstract

The mixing of atomic and macroscopic processes taking place in non‐terrestrial objects creates complex, dynamic, and intriguing environments. High resolution x‐ray spectra from these sources measured by satellites such as Chandra, XMM‐Newton, and the Solar Maximum Mission provide a means for understanding the physics governing these sources. Laboratory measurements of the atomic processes have proved crucial to the interpretation of these spectra. For example using the LLNL electron beam ion traps EBIT‐I & EBIT‐II a detailed study of the x‐ray spectrum of Fe XVII has been conducted addressing the large ratio predicted by theory compared to observations of considerably smaller values of the relative intensity of the 2p‐3d 1P1 resonant to the 3D1 intercombination line. The difference was often attributed to opacity effects. However, laboratory measurements in the optically thin limit agree with observations demonstrating that the prediction is too large and opacity need not be invoked. The laboratory result...

Published
2004

24. Laboratory simulation of charge exchange-produced X-ray emission from comets

Author

Mark May, H. Chen, Gregory V. Brown, Steven M. Kahn, Kevin R. Boyce, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, Frederick S. Porter, R. L. Kelley, W. A. Tillotson, Peter Beiersdorfer, and R. E. Olson

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Comet, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Nitrogen, Spectral line, Ion, Solar wind, chemistry, Observatory, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics, Carbon
Abstract

In laboratory experiments using the engineering spare microcalorimeter detector from the ASTRO-E satellite mission, we recorded the x-ray emission of highly charged ions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which simulates charge exchange reactions between heavy ions in the solar wind and neutral gases in cometary comae. The spectra are complex and do not readily match predictions. We developed a charge exchange emission model that successfully reproduces the soft x-ray spectrum of comet Linear C/1999 S4, observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

Published
2003

25. New Insights into the X-ray Spectra of Heliumlike and Neonlike Ions

Author

Keith C. Gendreau, R. L. Kelley, M F Gu, D. Hey, D. Thorn, Kevin R. Boyce, S. M. Kahn, A. Osterheld, P. Beiersdorfer, Ehud Behar, Gregory V. Brown, M. Bitter, A. E. Szymkowiak, K. J. Reed, H. Chen, R. E. Olson, James H. Scofield, F. S. Porter, M. J. May, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, and J. K. Lepson

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electron shell, Plasma diagnostics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Emission spectrum, Plasma, Atomic physics, Spectral line, Ion, Line (formation), L-shell
Abstract

Recent measurements of the K‐shell and L‐shell x‐ray spectra of highly charged helium‐like and neonlike ions are presented that were performed on the Livermore electron beam ion traps and the Princeton tokamaks. These measurements provide new insights into collisional and indirect line formation processes, identifications of forbidden lines, and a new plasma line diagnostic of magnetic field strength.

Published
2002

26. Recent results from the spare low temperature Astro-E microcalorimeter used at the LLNL EBIT-I and EBIT-II

Author

A. E. Szymkowiak, F. S. Porter, Keith C. Gendreau, S. M. Kahn, Gregory V. Brown, P. Beiersdorfer, H. Chen, Ehud Behar, Kevin R. Boyce, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, J. Gygax, and R. L. Kelley

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Grating, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Observatory, Spare part, Cathode ray, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Atomic data
Abstract

In the past year a spare NASA/GSFC Astro-E microcalorimeter has been installed, tested, and run successfully on the electron beam ions traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The microcalorimeter complements crystal and grating spectrometers already part of the LLNL ebit program making it possible to measure a broad bandwidth (∼0.3–10 keV) with moderate resolution while simultaneously measuring a narrow bandwidth (∼0.7–1.3 keV) with high resolution. An overview of recent work is presented including measurements by the microcalorimeter of absolute excitation cross sections. These results continue our effort to provide atomic data of high quality to be used as benchmarks for theoretical calculations and to be included in atomic data bases employed by spectral fitting packages used to interpret spectra obtained by XMM-Newton and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

Published
2002

27. Laboratory astrophysics using a spare XRS microcalorimeter

Author

Keith C. Gendreau, Andrew E. Szymkowiak, J. Gygax, Michael D. Audley, Steven M. Kahn, Kevin R. Boyce, Richard L. Kelley, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, Regis P. Brekosky, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, and Frederick S. Porter

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Optics, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, business.industry, Detector, X-ray detector, Calibration, Atomic physics, Spectral resolution, business, Electron beam ion trap
Abstract

The XRS instrument on Astro-E is a fully self-contained microcalorimeter x-ray instrument capable of acquiring optimally filtering, and characterizing events for 32 independent pixels. With the launch of the Astro-E spacecraft, a full flight spare detector system has been integrated into a laboratory cryostat for use on the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The detector system contains a microcalorimeter array with 32 instrumented pixels heat sunk to 60 mK using an adiabatic demagnetization refrio,erator. The instrument has a composite resolution of 8eV at 1 keV and 12eV at 6 keV with a minimum of 95% quantum efficiency. This will allow high spectral resolution, broadband observations of collisionally excited plasmas which are produced in the EBIT experiment. Unique to our instrument are exceptionally well characterized 1000 Angstrom thick aluminum on polyimide infrared blocking filters. The detailed transmission function including the edc,e fine structure of these filters has been measured in our laboratory using an erect field grating spectrometer. This will allow the instrument to perform the first broadband absolute flux measurements with the EBIT instrument. The instrument performance as well as the results of preliminary measurements will be discussed. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. D.o.E. by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract W-7405-ENG-48 and was supported by the NASA High Energy Astrophysics Supporting Research and Technology Program.

Published
2000

28. Design and performance of the ASTRO-E/XRS signal processing system

Author

Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Richard L. Kelley, Andrew E. Szymkowiak, Jeffrey Dumonthier, Caroline Kilbourn Stahle, George E. Winkert, Kevin R. Boyce, Robert G. Baker, K. C. Gendreau, and Michael D. Audley

Subjects
Physics, Signal processing, Analogue electronics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Pulse-amplitude modulation, Detector, Electronic engineering, Detection theory, business, Digital signal processing, Calorimeter
Abstract

We describe the signal processing system of the Astro-E XRS instrument. The Calorimeter Analog Processor (CAP) provides bias and power for the detectors and amplifies the detector signals by a factor of 20,000. The Calorimeter Digital Processor (CDP) performs the digital processing of the calorimeter signals, detecting X-ray pulses and analyzing them by optimal filtering. We describe the operation of pulse detection, Pulse height analysis. and risetime determination. We also discuss performance, including the three event grades (hi-res mid-res, and low-res). anticoincidence detection, counting rate dependence, and noise rejection.

Published
1999

29. Characterization of a submillimeter high-angular-resolution camera with a monolithic silicon bolometer array for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory

Author

Dariusz C. Lis, Christine A. Allen, Thomas G. Phillips, Brent Mott, Andrew E. Szymkowiak, Ning Wang, Kevin R. Boyce, Samuel H. Moseley, J. Gygax, E. Serabyn, Dominic J. Benford, and Todd R. Hunter

Subjects
Physics, Cryostat, Aperture, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Bolometer, Detector, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Optics, Observatory, law, Angular resolution, Business and International Management, business, Caltech Library Services, Noise (radio)
Abstract

We constructed a 24-pixel bolometer camera operating in the 350- and 450-μm atmospheric windows for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). This instrument uses a monolithic silicon bolometer array that is cooled to approximately 300 mK by a single-shot (3)He refrigerator. First-stage amplification is provided by field-effect transistors at approximately 130 K. The sky is imaged onto the bolometer array by means of several mirrors outside the Dewar and a cold off-axis elliptical mirror inside the cryostat. The beam is defined by cold aperture and field stops, which eliminates the need for any condensing horns. We describe the instrument, present measurements of the physical properties of the bolometer array, describe the performance of the electronics and the data-acquisition system, and demonstrate the sensitivity of the instrument operating at the observatory. Approximate detector noise at 350 μm is 5 × 10(-15) W/√Hz, referenced to the entrance of the Dewar, and the CSO system noise-equivalent flux density is approximately 4 Jy/√Hz. These values are within a factor of 2.5 of the background limit.

Published
1996

30. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

Mauro Dadina, Enrico Bozzo, Jeremie Hassin, Jacco Vink, Gonzalo Campos Garrido, Isabelle Hernandez, Jan-Willem den Herder, Natalie A. Webb, Yaël Nazé, Roland den Hartog, Bert-Joost van Leeuwen, Marco Barbera, Beatriz Cobo, Simone Lotti, Denis Schwander, Alice Pradines, Fabrizio Nicastro, Hervé Geoffray, Andrea Goldwurm, Damien Prêle, Etienne Pointecouteau, Stéphane Paltani, Agnieszka Janiuk, Jean-Michel Mesnager, Stephen J. Smith, Michel Le Du, María Teresa Ceballos, Jean-Marc Biffi, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Alexis Finoguenov, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Luca Valenziano, Ivan Charles, Peter G. Jonker, Didier Barret, Gabriel W. Pratt, Keisuke Shinozaki, François Pajot, Juhani Huovelin, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Thomas Dauser, L. Ravera, Kevin R. Boyce, J. M. Duval, Mariano Mendez, Silvano Molendi, Jelle de Plaa, Joop Schaye, Christophe Etcheverry, Antoine Clénet, Jean-Charles Damery, Xavier Barcons, Frederick S. Porter, Richard L. Kelley, Thein Lam Trong, Irwin Maussang, Pierre Jamotton, Luigi Piro, Françoise Delcelier-Douchin, Alexis Paillet, Brian Jackson, Henk van Weers, Anne Decourchelle, Flavio Gatti, Philippe Peille, Fabrizio Fiore, Simon R. Bandler, Johan Panh, Salvatore Sciortino, Gregor Rauw, Agata Różańska, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Jerome Moueza, Jose Miguel Torrejon, Gilles Hervet, Jon M. Miller, Joern Wilms, Christophe Daniel, Yasushi Fukazawa, Bruno Vella, Michael J. DiPirro, Piotr Orleanski, Claudio Macculi, Laure Luno, J. Miguel Mas-Hesse, C. Panem, Edoardo Cucchetti, Jérôme André, Emilie Gloaguen, T. Brand, Etienne Renotte, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Astronomy, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Herder, J.-W. den, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, API (FNWI), Barret, D., Lam Trong, T., den Herder, J., Piro, L., Barcons, X., Huovelin, J., Kelley, R., Mas-Hesse, J., Mitsuda, K., Paltani, S., Rauw, G., Rożanska, A., Wilms, J., Barbera, M., Bozzo, E., Ceballos, M., Charles, I., Decourchelle, A., den Hartog, R., Duval, J., Fiore, F., Gatti, F., Goldwurm, A., Jackson, B., Jonker, P., Kilbourne, C., Macculi, C., Mendez, M., Molendi, S., Orleanski, P., Pajot, F., Pointecouteau, E., Porter, F., Pratt, G., Prêle, D., Ravera, L., Renotte, E., Schaye, J., Shinozaki, K., Valenziano, L., Vink, J., Webb, N., Yamasaki, N., Delcelier-Douchin, F., Le Du, M., Mesnager, J., Pradines, A., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Dadina, M., Finoguenov, A., Fukazawa, Y., Janiuk, A., Miller, J., Nazé, Y., Nicastro, F., Sciortino, S., Torrejon, J., Geoffray, H., Hernandez, I., Luno, L., Peille, P., André, J., Daniel, C., Etcheverry, C., Gloaguen, E., Hassin, J., Hervet, G., Maussang, I., Moueza, J., Paillet, A., Vella, B., Campos Garrido, G., Damery, J., Panem, C., Panh, J., Bandler, S., Biffi, J., Boyce, K., Clénet, A., Dipirro, M., Jamotton, P., Lotti, S., Schwander, D., Smith, S., van Leeuwen, B., van Weers, H., Brand, T., Cobo, B., Dauser, T., de Plaa, J., and Cucchetti, E.

Subjects
Computer science, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Observatories, Field of view, Athena, Instrumentation, Space telescopes, X-ray Integral Field Unit, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, law, Observatory, Athena, Instrumentation, Space telescopes, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Integral Field Unit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectroscopy, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Equipment and services, X-ray, Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High energy astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Spectral resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Minute of arc, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing, Pixel, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Telescopes
Abstract

Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom., X-IFU: et al., The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board the Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (Athena) will provide spatially resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy from 0.2 to 12 keV, with ~ 5" pixels over a field of view of 5 arc minute equivalent diameter and a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV. In this paper, we first review the core scientific objectives of Athena, driving the main performance parameters of the X-IFU, namely the spectral resolution, the field of view, the effective area, the count rate capabilities, the instrumental background. We also illustrate the breakthrough potential of the X-IFU for some observatory science goals. Then we brie y describe the X-IFU design as defined at the time of the mission consolidation review concluded in May 2016, and report on its predicted performance. Finally, we discuss some options to improve the instrument performance while not increasing its complexity and resource demands (e.g. count rate capability, spectral resolution)., We acknowledge support from the Athena Science Study Team, the Athena Working Group Chairs, the Athena Topical Panel Chairs and the Topical Panel members in strengthening the X-IFU top level performance requirements. Particular thanks go to: E. Rasia, V. Biffi, S. Borgani and K. Dolag for providing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of a cluster used to produce simulation of X-IFU observation presented in Fig. 2; P.T. O'Brien for assistance with Sect. 2.2.1, A.C. Fabian and C. Pinto for providing inputs for Figure 1. We also thank the ESA project team, and in particular Mark Ayre and Ivo Ferreira, for their work on the assessment of the ToO efficiency requirement. The Italian contribution to X-IFU is supported through the ASI contract n. 2015-046-R.0. XB, MTC and BC acknowledge nancial support by MINECO through grant ESP2014-53672-C3-1-P. A.R., P.O, and A.J. were supported by Polish NSC grants: 2015/17/B/ST9/03422 and 2015/18/M/ST9/00541. GR, ER, YN, and PJ acknowledges support by FNRS and Prodex (Belspo). This work was supported by the French Space Agency (CNES).

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