Claire E. Newman, Ricardo Hueso, Mark T. Lemmon, Asier Munguira, Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo, Víctor Apestigue, Germán M. Martínez, Daniel Toledo, Rob Sullivan, Ken E. Herkenhoff, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Mark I. Richardson, Alexander E. Stott, Naomi Murdoch, Agustín Sanchez-Lavega, Michael J. Wolff, Ignacio Arruego, Eduardo Sebastián, Sara Navarro, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Leslie Tamppari, Michael D. Smith, Alain Lepinette, Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras, Ari-Matti Harri, Maria Genzer, Maria Hieta, Ralph D. Lorenz, Pan Conrad, Felipe Gómez, Timothy H. McConnochie, David Mimoun, Christian Tate, Tanguy Bertrand, James F. Bell, Justin N. Maki, Jose Antonio Rodriguez-Manfredi, Roger C. Wiens, Baptiste Chide, Sylvestre Maurice, Maria-Paz Zorzano, Luis Mora, Mariah M. Baker, Don Banfield, Jorge Pla-Garcia, Olivier Beyssac, Adrian Brown, Ben Clark, Franck Montmessin, Erik Fischer, Priyaben Patel, Teresa del Río-Gaztelurrutia, Thierry Fouchet, Raymond Francis, Scott D. Guzewich, Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Gobierno Vasco, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Aeolis Research, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Cornell University [New York], Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
This article has a correction. Please see: Erratum for the Research Article: “The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars” - 10 February 2023 Despite the importance of sand and dust to Mars geomorphology, weather, and exploration, the processes that move sand and that raise dust to maintain Mars’ ubiquitous dust haze and to produce dust storms have not been well quantified in situ, with missions lacking either the necessary sensors or a sufficiently active aeolian environment. Perseverance rover’s novel environmental sensors and Jezero crater’s dusty environment remedy this. In Perseverance’s first 216 sols, four convective vortices raised dust locally, while, on average, four passed the rover daily, over 25% of which were significantly dusty (“dust devils”). More rarely, dust lifting by nonvortex wind gusts was produced by daytime convection cells advected over the crater by strong regional daytime upslope winds, which also control aeolian surface features. One such event covered 10 times more area than the largest dust devil, suggesting that dust devils and wind gusts could raise equal amounts of dust under nonstorm conditions. We gratefully acknowledge the huge effort by the entire Mars 2020 team to meet our launch date despite the COVID-19 pandemic, to land and deploy instruments successfully in Jezero crater, and to conduct operations on the surface of Mars since February 2021. This paper arose from discussions within the Mars 2020 Atmospheres Working Group but would not have been possible without the tremendous contributions of everyone involved in Mars 2020 operations. We wish to especially pay tribute to the many team members based in Europe who regularly work through the night as MEDA or SuperCam Payload Uplink and Downlink Leads (PULs/PDLs) or in other roles and to all those who had shifts as Atmospheres Working Group representatives during this period. Last, we gratefully acknowledge the very helpful and constructive comments from both anonymous reviewers. Funding: R.H., A.S.-L., A.M., and T.d.R.-G. are supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. I.A., D.T., and V.A. are supported by the Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation Program through the grants RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R. L.M., S.N., and J.G.-E. are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, projects ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R and AYA2015-65041-P; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, projects ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31, and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology, projects RTI2018-098728-B-C31 and RTI2018-099825-B-C31. Á.V.-R. and M.-P.Z. are supported by Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) project no. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”–Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). M.-P.Z. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PID2019-104205GB-C21. M.M.B. and M.-P.Z. are supported by NASA’s Mars 2020 Participating Scientist Program. All other authors were supported by funding from the Mars 2020 mission, part of the NASA Mars Exploration Program. Work by C.E.N. was additionally funded by the InSight Participating Scientist Program.A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA and funding by SMD, GCD, and STMD. Peerreview