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1. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at 12 GeV

Author

Adderley, P. A., Ahmed, S., Allison, T., Bachimanchi, R., Baggett, K., BastaniNejad, M., Bevins, B., Bevins, M., Bickley, M., Bodenstein, R. M., Bogacz, S. A., Bruker, M., Burrill, A., Cardman, L., Creel, J., Chao, Y. -C., Cheng, G., Ciovati, G., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, J., Clemens, W. A., Croke, G., Daly, E., Davis, G. K., Delayen, J., De Silva, S. U., Dickson, R., Diaz, M., Drury, M., Doolittle, L., Douglas, D., Feldl, E., Fischer, J., Freyberger, A., Ganni, V., Geng, R. L., Ginsburg, C., Gomez, J., Grames, J., Gubeli, J., Guo, J., Hannon, F., Hansknecht, J., Harwood, L., Henry, J., Hernandez-Garcia, C., Higgins, S., Higinbotham, D., Hofler, A. S., Hiatt, T., Hogan, J., Hovater, C., Hutton, A., Jones, C., Jordan, K., Joyce, M., Kazimi, R., Keesee, M., Kelley, M. J., Keppel, C., Kimber, A., King, L., Kjeldsen, P., Kneisel, P., Koval, J., Krafft, G. A., Lahti, G., Larrieu, T., Lauze, R., Leemann, C., Legg, R., Li, R., Lin, F., Machie, D., Mammosser, J., Macha, K., Mahoney, K., Marhauser, F., Mastracci, B., Matalevich, J., McCarter, J., McCaughan, M., Merminga, L., Michaud, R., Morozov, V., Mounts, C., Musson, J., Nelson, R., Oren, W., Overton, R. B., Palacios-Serrano, G., Park, H. -K., Phillips, L., Philip, S., Pilat, F., Plawski, T., Poelker, M., Powers, P., Powers, T., Preble, J., Reilly, T., Rimmer, R., Reece, C., Robertson, H., Roblin, Y., Rode, C., Satogata, T., Seidman, D. J., Seryi, A., Shabalina, A., Shin, I., Slominski, R., Slominski, C., Spata, M., Spell, D., Spradlin, J., Stirbet, M., Stutzman, M. L., Suhring, S., Surles-Law, K., Suleiman, R., Tennant, C., Tian, H., Turner, D., Tiefenback, M., Trofimova, O., Valente, A. -M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., White, K., Whitlatch, C., Whitlatch, T., Wiseman, M., Wissman, M. J., Wu, G., Yang, S., Yunn, B., Zhang, S., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This review paper describes the energy-upgraded CEBAF accelerator. This superconducting linac has achieved 12 GeV beam energy by adding 11 new high-performance cryomodules containing eighty-eight superconducting cavities that have operated CW at an average accelerating gradient of 20 MV/m. After reviewing the attributes and performance of the previous 6 GeV CEBAF accelerator, we discuss the upgraded CEBAF accelerator system in detail with particular attention paid to the new beam acceleration systems. In addition to doubling the acceleration in each linac, the upgrade included improving the beam recirculation magnets, adding more helium cooling capacity to allow the newly installed modules to run cold, adding a new experimental hall, and improving numerous other accelerator components. We review several of the techniques deployed to operate and analyze the accelerator performance, and document system operating experience and performance. In the final portion of the document, we present much of the current planning regarding projects to improve accelerator performance and enhance operating margins, and our plans for ensuring CEBAF operates reliably into the future. For the benefit of potential users of CEBAF, the performance and quality measures for beam delivered to each of the experimental halls is summarized in the appendix., Comment: 66 pages, 73 figures, 21 tables

Published
2024
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2. Positron Beams At Ce$^+$BAF

Author

Grames, J., Benesch, J., Bruker, M., Cardman, L., Covrig, S., Ghoshal, P., Gopinath, S., Gubeli, J., Habet, S., Hernandez-Garcia, C., Hofler, A., Kazimi, R., Lin, F., Nagaitsev, S., Poelker, M., Rimmer, B., Roblin, Y., Lizarraga-Rubio, V., Seryi, A., Spata, M., Sy, A., Turner, D., Ushakov, A., Valerio-Lizarraga, C. A., and Voutier, E.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present a scheme for the generation of a high polarization positron beam with continous wave (CW) bunch structure for the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The positrons are created in a high average power conversion target and collected by a CW capture linac and DC solenoid., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, contributed to IPAC'23

Published
2023

3. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Published
2023

4. Measuring the cross section of the $^{15}$N($\alpha$,$\gamma$)$^{19}$F reaction using a single-fluid bubble chamber

Author

Neto, D., Bailey, K., Benesch, J. F., Cade, B., DiGiovine, B., Freyberger, A., Grames, J. M., Hofler, A., Holt, R. J., Kazimi, R., Meekins, D., McCaughan, M., Moser, D., O'Connor, T., Poelker, M., Rehm, K. E., Riordan, S., Suleiman, R., Talwar, R., and Ugalde, C.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

$^{15}$N($\alpha$,$\gamma$)$^{19}$F is believed to be the primary means of stellar nucleosynthesis of fluorine. Here we present the use of a single-fluid bubble chamber to measure the cross section of the time-inverse photo-dissociation reaction. The method benefits from a luminosity increase of several orders of magnitude due to the use of a thicker liquid target -- when compared to thin films or gas targets -- and from the reciprocity theorem. We discuss the results of an experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, where the cross section of the photodisintegration process $^{19}$F($\gamma$, $\alpha$)$^{15}$N was measured by bombarding a superheated fluid of C$_3$F$_8$ with bremsstrahlung $\gamma$-rays produced by impinging a 4 - 5.5 MeV electron beam on a Cu radiator. From the photodissociation yield the cross section was extracted by performing a convolution with a Monte Carlo-generated $\gamma$-ray beam spectrum. The measurement produced a cross section that was then time inverted using the reciprocity theorem. The cross section for the $^{15}$N($\alpha$,$\gamma$)$^{19}$F reaction was determined down to a value in the range of hundreds of picobarns. With further improvements of the experimental setup the technique could potentially push cross section measurements down to the single picobarn range., Comment: Corrected Typos. Accepted for Publication in Physical Review C

Published
2023
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5. Design and Operation of a Windowless Gas Target Internal to a Solenoidal Magnet for Use with a Megawatt Electron Beam

Author

Lee, S., Corliss, R., Friščić, I., Alarcon, R., Aulenbacher, S., Balewski, J., Benson, S., Bernauer, J. C., Bessuille, J., Boyce, J., Coleman, J., Douglas, D., Epstein, C. S., Fisher, P., Frierson, S., Garçon, M., Grames, J., Hasell, D., Hernandez-Garcia, C., Ihloff, E., Johnston, R., Jordan, K., Kazimi, R., Kelsey, J., Kohl, M., Liyanage, A., McCaughan, M., Milner, R. G., Moran, P., Nazeer, J., Palumbo, D., Poelker, M., Randall, G., Steadman, S. G., Tennant, C., Tschalär, C., Vidal, C., Vogel, C., Wang, Y., and Zhang, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A windowless hydrogen gas target of nominal thickness $10^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$ is an essential component of the DarkLight experiment, which is designed to utilize the megawatt electron beam at an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). The design of such a target is challenging because the pressure drops by many orders of magnitude between the central, high-density section of the target and the surrounding beamline, resulting in laminar, transitional, and finally molecular flow regimes. The target system was assembled and operated at Jefferson Lab's Low Energy Recirculator Facility (LERF) in 2016, and subsequently underwent several revisions and calibration tests at MIT Bates in 2017. The system at dynamic equilibrium was simulated in COMSOL to provide a better understanding of its optimal operation at other working points. We have determined that a windowless gas target with sufficiently high density for DarkLight's experimental needs is feasible in an ERL environment., Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures; v2: minor improvements; v3: author list updated; v4: minor revision

Published
2019
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6. Production of highly-polarized positrons using polarized electrons at MeV energies

Author

Abbott, D., Adderley, P., Adeyemi, A., Aguilera, P., Ali, M., Areti, H., Baylac, M., Benesch, J., Bosson, G., Cade, B., Camsonne, A., Cardman, L. S., Clark, J., Cole, P., Covert, S., Cuevas, C., Dadoun, O., Dale, D., Dong, H., Dumas, J., Fanchini, E., Forest, T., Forman, E., Freyberger, A., Froidefond, E., Golge, S., Grames, J., Guèye, P., Hansknecht, J., Harrell, P., Hoskins, J., Hyde, C., Josey, B., Kazimi, R., Kim, Y., Machie, D., Mahoney, K., Mammei, R., Marton, M., McCarter, J., McCaughan, M., McHugh, M., McNulty, D., Mesick, K. E., Michaelides, T., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Moser, D., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Muraz, J. -F., Opper, A., Poelker, M., Réal, J. -S., Richardson, L., Setiniyaz, S., Stutzman, M., Suleiman, R., Tennant, C., Tsai, C., Turner, D., Ungaro, M., Variola, A., Voutier, E., Wang, Y., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons experiment at the injector of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility has demonstrated for the first time the efficient transfer of polarization from electrons to positrons produced by the polarized bremsstrahlung radiation induced by a polarized electron beam in a high-$Z$ target. Positron polarization up to 82\% have been measured for an initial electron beam momentum of 8.19~MeV/$c$, limited only by the electron beam polarization. This technique extends polarized positron capabilities from GeV to MeV electron beams, and opens access to polarized positron beam physics to a wide community., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2016
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7. The G0 Experiment: Apparatus for Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurements at Forward and Backward Angles

Author

G0 Collaboration, Androic, D., Armstrong, D. S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T. D., Bailey, S. L., Batigne, G., Beck, D. H., Beise, E. J., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Breuer, H., Brindza, P., Capuano, C. L., Carlini, R. D., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y. -C., Clark, R., Coppens, A., Covrig, S. D., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C. A., Ellis, C., Falk, W. R., Fenker, H., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Frascaria, R., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M. T. W., Grames, J., Griffioen, K. A., Grimm, K., Guillard, G., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Gustafsson, K., Hannelius, L., Hansknecht, J., Hasty, R. D., Allen, A. M. Hawthorne, Horn, T., Ito, T. M., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P. M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Laszewski, R., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Lung, A., MacLachlan, G. A., Mammei, J., Marchand, D., Martin, J. W., Mack, D. J., McFarlane, K. W., McKee, D. W., McKeown, R. D., Merchez, F., Mihovilovic, M., Micherdzinska, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Muether, M., Musson, J., Nakahara, K., Neveling, R., Niccolai, S., Nilsson, D., Ong, S., Page, S. A., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S. F., Phillips, S. K., Pillot, P., Pitt, M. L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T. A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B. P., Ramsay, W. D., Rauf, A. W., Real, J. -S., Ries, T., Roos, J. Roche P., Rutledge, G. A., Schaub, J., Secrest, J., Seva, T., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Spayde, D. T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Suleiman, R., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W. T. H., Versteegen, M., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W. F., Wells, S. P., Warren, G., Williamson, S. E., Woo, R. J., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., Yun, J., and Zeps, V.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In the G0 experiment, performed at Jefferson Lab, the parity-violating elastic scattering of electrons from protons and quasi-elastic scattering from deuterons is measured in order to determine the neutral weak currents of the nucleon. Asymmetries as small as 1 part per million in the scattering of a polarized electron beam are determined using a dedicated apparatus. It consists of specialized beam-monitoring and control systems, a cryogenic hydrogen (or deuterium) target, and a superconducting, toroidal magnetic spectrometer equipped with plastic scintillation and aerogel Cerenkov detectors, as well as fast readout electronics for the measurement of individual events. The overall design and performance of this experimental system is discussed., Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Published
2011
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8. Measuring and Controlling the Energy Spread in CEBAF

Author

Krafft, G. A., Denard, J. -C., Dickson, R. W., Kazimi, R., Lebedev, V. A., and Tiefenback, M. G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

As compared to electron storage rings, one advantage of recirculating linear accelerators is that the beam properties at target are no longer dominated by the equilibrium between quantum radiative diffusion and radiation damping because new beam is continually injected into the accelerator. This allows the energy spread from a CEBAF-type machine to be relatively small; the measured energy spread from CEBAF at 4 GeV is less than 100 parts per million accumulated over times of order several days. In this paper, the various subsystems contributing to the energy spread of a CEBAF-type accelerator are reviewed, as well as the machine diagnostics and controls that are used in CEBAF to ensure that a small energy spread is provided during routine running. Examples of relevant developments are (1) stable short bunches emerging from the injector, (2) precision timing and phasing of the linacs with respect to the centroid of the beam bunches on all passes, (3) implementing 2 kHz sampling rate feedback systems for final energy stabilization, and (4) continuous beam energy spread monitoring with optical transition radiation devices. We present measurement results showing that small energy spreads are achieved over extended periods., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Invited Paper TH205 at 2000 International Linac Conference

Published
2000

9. Measuring the cross section of the ¹⁵N(α,γ)¹⁹F reaction using a single-fluid bubble chamber

Author

Neto, D., Bailey, K., Benesch, J. F., Cade, B., DiGiovine, B., Freyberger, A., Grames, J. M., Hofler, A., Holt, R. J., Kazimi, R., Meekins, D., McCaughan, M., Moser, D., O'Connor, T., Poelker, M., Rehm, K. E., Riordan, S., Suleiman, R., Talwar, R., and Ugalde, C.

Abstract

¹⁵N(α,γ)¹⁹F is believed to be the primary means of stellar nucleosynthesis of fluorine. Here, we present the use of a single-fluid bubble chamber to measure the cross section of the time-inverse photodissociation reaction. The method benefits from a luminosity increase of several orders of magnitude due to the use of a thicker liquid target—when compared to thin films or gas targets—and from the reciprocity theorem. We discuss the results of an experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, where the cross section of the photodisintegration process ¹⁹F(γ,α)¹⁵N was measured by bombarding a superheated fluid of C₃F₈ with bremsstrahlung γ rays produced by impinging a 4–5.5 MeV electron beam on a Cu radiator. From the photodissociation yield the cross section was extracted by performing a convolution with a Monte Carlo–generated γ-ray beam spectrum. The measurement produced a cross section that was then time inverted using the reciprocity theorem. The cross section for the ¹⁵N(α,γ)¹⁹F reaction was determined down to a value in the range of hundreds of picobarns. With further improvements of the experimental setup the technique could potentially push cross section measurements down to the single picobarn range.

Published
2023

10. Thermal emittance and lifetime of alkali-antimonide photocathodes grown on GaAs and molybdenum substrates evaluated in a −300 kV dc photogun

Author

Wang, Y., primary, Mamun, M. A., additional, Adderley, P., additional, Bullard, B., additional, Grames, J., additional, Hansknecht, J., additional, Hernandez-Garcia, C., additional, Kazimi, R., additional, Krafft, G. A., additional, Palacios-Serrano, G., additional, Poelker, M., additional, Stutzman, M. L., additional, Suleiman, R., additional, Tiefenback, M., additional, Wijethunga, S., additional, Yoskowitz, J., additional, and Zhang, S., additional

Published
2020
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11. Compact −300 kV dc inverted insulator photogun with biased anode and alkali-antimonide photocathode

Author

Hernandez-Garcia, C., primary, Adderley, P., additional, Bullard, B., additional, Benesch, J., additional, Grames, J., additional, Gubeli, J., additional, Hannon, F., additional, Hansknecht, J., additional, Jordan, J., additional, Kazimi, R., additional, Krafft, G. A., additional, Mamun, M. A., additional, Poelker, M., additional, Stutzman, M. L., additional, Suleiman, R., additional, Tiefenback, M., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Zhang, S., additional, Baumgart, H., additional, Palacios-Serrano, G., additional, Wijethunga, S., additional, Yoskowitz, J., additional, Valerio Lizarraga, C. A., additional, Montoya Soto, R., additional, and Canales Ramos, A., additional

Published
2019
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12. Harmonically resonant cavity as a bunch-length monitor

Author

Roberts, B., primary, Hannon, F., additional, Ali, M. M., additional, Forman, E., additional, Grames, J., additional, Kazimi, R., additional, Moore, W., additional, Pablo, M., additional, Poelker, M., additional, Sanchez, A., additional, and Speirs, D., additional

Published
2016
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13. Measuring and Controlling the Energy Spread in CEBAF

Author

Krafft, G A, Denard, J C, Dickson, R W, Kazimi, R, Lebedev, V A, and Tiefenback, M G

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

As compared to electron storage rings, one advantage of recirculating linear accelerators is that the beam properties at target are no longer dominated by the equilibrium between quantum radiative diffusion and radiation damping because new beam is continually injected into the accelerator. This allows the energy spread from a CEBAF-type machine to be relatively small; the measured energy spread from CEBAF at 4 GeV is less than 100 parts per million accumulated over times of order several days. In this paper, the various subsystems contributing to the energy spread of a CEBAF-type accelerator are reviewed, as well as the machine diagnostics and controls that are used in CEBAF to ensure that a small energy spread is provided during routine running. Examples of relevant developments are (1) stable short bunches emerging from the injector, (2) precision timing and phasing of the linacs with respect to the centroid of the beam bunches on all passes, (3) implementing 2 kHz sampling rate feedback systems for final energy stabilization, and (4) continuous beam energy spread monitoring with optical transition radiation devices. We present measurement results showing that small energy spreads are achieved over extended periods., 5 pages, 5 figures, Invited Paper TH205 at 2000 International Linac Conference

Published
2000

14. Strange Quark Contributions to Parity-Violating Asymmetries in the Forward G0 Electron-Proton Scattering Experiment

Author

Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne-Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., MacLachlan, G.A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Nakos, M., Neveling, R., Niccolai, S., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., Real, J.S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne-Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., MacLachlan, G.A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Nakos, M., Neveling, R., Niccolai, S., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., Real, J.S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., and Guler, H.

Abstract

We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 ≤ Q2 ≤ 1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at JLab using a toroidal spectrom- eter to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate non-zero, Q2 dependent, strange quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.

Published
2010

15. Transverse Beam Spin Asymmetries in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., Van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W.T.H., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., G0 Collaboration, Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.-C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Neveling, R., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quéméner, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., Real, J.-S., Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., Van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W.T.H., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., G0 Collaboration, Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.-C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Neveling, R., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quéméner, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., and Real, J.-S.

Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. An provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2γ exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.

Published
2007

16. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering

Author

Physics, Armstrong, D. S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S. L., Batigne, G., Beck, D. H., Beise, E. J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, Rachel E., Chant, N., Chao, Y. C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K. A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Allen, A. H., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P. M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., Marchand, D., Martin, J. W., McFarlane, K. W., McKee, D. W., McKeown, R. D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Neveling, R., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S. F., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T. A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W. D., Rauf, A. W., Real, J. S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G. A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Spayde, D. T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., de Wiele, J. V., van Oers, W. T. H., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S. P., Williamson, S. E., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., Physics, Armstrong, D. S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S. L., Batigne, G., Beck, D. H., Beise, E. J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, Rachel E., Chant, N., Chao, Y. C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K. A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Allen, A. H., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P. M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., Lung, A., Marchand, D., Martin, J. W., McFarlane, K. W., McKee, D. W., McKeown, R. D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Neveling, R., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S. F., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T. A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W. D., Rauf, A. W., Real, J. S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G. A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Spayde, D. T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., de Wiele, J. V., van Oers, W. T. H., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S. P., Williamson, S. E., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., Yun, J., and Zeps, V.

Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q(2)=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)(2). The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2 gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.

Published
2007

17. The CEBAF RF Separator System

Author

Hovater, C, Arnold, G, Fugitt, J A, Harwood, L, Kazimi, R, Lahti, G, Mammosser, J, Nelson, R, Piller, C, and Turlington, L

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Published
1996

18. Strange-Quark Contributions to Parity-Violating Asymmetries in the Forward G0 Electron-Proton Scattering Experiment

Author

Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., G0 Collaboration, Lung, A., MacLachlan, G.A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Nakos, M., Neveling, R., Niccolai, S., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., Real, J.-S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.-C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., Korkmaz, E., Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, D.S., Arvieux, J., Asaturyan, R., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Batigne, G., Beck, D.H., Beise, E.J., Benesch, J., Bimbot, L., Birchall, J., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kuhn, J., Lachniet, J., Lee, L., Lenoble, J., Liatard, E., Liu, J., Loupias, B., G0 Collaboration, Lung, A., MacLachlan, G.A., Marchand, D., Martin, J.W., McFarlane, K.W., McKee, D.W., McKeown, R.D., Merchez, F., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Morlet, M., Nakagawa, I., Nakahara, K., Nakos, M., Neveling, R., Niccolai, S., Ong, S., Page, S., Papavassiliou, V., Pate, S.F., Phillips, S.K., Pitt, M.L., Poelker, M., Porcelli, T.A., Quemener, G., Quinn, B., Ramsay, W.D., Rauf, A.W., Real, J.-S., Roche, J., Roos, P., Rutledge, G.A., Secrest, J., Simicevic, N., Smith, G.R., Spayde, D.T., Stepanyan, S., Stutzman, M., Sulkosky, V., Tadevosyan, V., Tieulent, R., van de Wiele, J., van Oers, W., Voutier, E., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wells, S.P., Williamson, S.E., Wood, S.A., Yan, C., Yun, J., Zeps, V., Biselli, A., Bosted, P., Boukobza, E., Breuer, H., Carlini, R., Carr, R., Chant, N., Chao, Y.-C., Chattopadhyay, S., Clark, R., Covrig, S., Cowley, A., Dale, D., Davis, C., Falk, W., Finn, J.M., Forest, T., Franklin, G., Furget, C., Gaskell, D., Grames, J., Griffioen, K.A., Grimm, K., Guillon, B., Guler, H., Hannelius, L., Hasty, R., Hawthorne Allen, A., Horn, T., Johnston, K., Jones, M., Kammel, P., Kazimi, R., King, P.M., Kolarkar, A., and Korkmaz, E.

Abstract

We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12≤Q2≤1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.

Published
2005

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