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Oxynoemacheilus isauricus, new species (Figs. 2���4) Holotype. IUSHM 2021-1425, 63 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��eltek at ��eltek, south of Şarkikaraağa��, 38.0124N 31.3152E. Paratypes. IUSHM 2021-1463, 3, 48���53 mm SL; FSJF 2523, 5, 42���50 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional material. FFR 01534, 9, 46��� 56 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Ak��ay at G��k��eh��y��k, 3 km west of Seydişehir, 37.4396N 31.8000E. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is distinguished from all other species of the O. angorae group by having a very slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 2.2���2.6 times in its length vs. 1.3���1.6 in O. anatolicus and O. theophilii, 1.5���1.8 in O. angorae, 1.5���1.9 in O. atili, 1.2���1.7 in O. eregliensis, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus, 1.4���1.8 in O. cinicus, O. germencicus and O. mesudae, and 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini). The new species is further distinguished by a combination of characters not unique to O. isauricus. It occurs sympatric with O. atili (Fig. 5) in Lake Beyşehir basin. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from this species by having a deeply emarginate caudal fin in which the shortest middle caudal-fin ray is 71���85% of the longest ray of the upper caudalfin lobe (vs. 83���91), a more anterior positioned anal fin (preanal length 68���74% SL vs. 74���77) and a shorter head (head length 21���24% SL vs. 24���26). The new species is distinguished from O. eregliensis from the wider Lake Tuz basin, O. anatolicus from Lake Burdur basin and the Dalaman drainage, O. angorae from the Sakarya and Kızılırmak drainages and Lake Ilgın basin, and O. mediterraneus from the Aksu and K��pr�� drainages by possessing a deeply emarginate caudal fin in which the shortest middle caudal-fin ray is 71���85% of the longest ray of the upper caudal-fin lobe (vs. almost truncate, 88���98 in O. eregliensis; 84���93 in O. anatolicus and 88���92 in O. angorae and forked, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from O. eregliensis and O. anatolicus by having a shorter head (head length 21���24% SL vs. 24���27 in both of the species). It is further differentiated from O. mediterraneus by the strongly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (vs. almost uniform), and the flank blotches being usually disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. usually connected). It is further distinguished from O. angorae by having irregularly shaped and set, vertically elongated blotches on the flank, rarely a mottled or marbled pattern (vs. series of dark-brown midlateral blotches usually fused into a wide, irregular shaped midlateral stripe, rarely a mottled pattern). It is further distinguished from O. anatolicus by the upper part of the cheek with none or few vermiculated dark brown spots (vs. mottled). The new species is further distinguished from O. nasreddini from the Lake Ilg��n, E��irdir, Eber and Akşehir basins, by a more anteriorly positioned pelvic-fin (prepelvic length 48���51% SL vs. 51���55), and a series of midlateral blotches on flank (vs. usually a series of short bars on caudal peduncle). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus from the B��y��k Menderes drainages, by the tip of the anal fin not reaching the ventral adipose crest, if present (vs. usually reaching to or slightly beyond the adipose crest), and a faint inner axial stripe (vs. absent). It is further distinguished from O. theophilii, from the Bakır drainage (Turkey) and Lesbos Island (Greece) by a strongly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (vs. body depth almost uniform), and irregularly shaped and set, usually roundish, rarely vertically elongated, blotches (vs. mottled without blotches). Description. See Figures 2���4 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, slender species. Head short, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.1���1.3 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body depth strongly decreasing between anterior dorsal-fin base, until caudal-fin bases. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 2.2���2.6 times longer than deep. No or only a rudimentary pelvic axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin, fully attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below second or third branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin at in front of vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 60���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin in female and 80���100% in male. Pelvic fin usually reaching to genital papillae, rarely reaching anus; reaching vertical tip of last dorsal-fin ray or slightly anterior to that point. Anus about 60���110% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle behind vertical of posterior anal-fin base in some individuals, shallow or absent in other individuals. Largest known individual 63 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays, outer margin slightly concave. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 8���9 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 6 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, shortest middle caudal-fin ray 73���85% of the longest ray of upper caudal-fin lobe. Caudal fin with 9+8 (9), 9+9 (1) or 8+8 (1), branched rays. Flank and back covered by scales, scales irregularly set on predorsal back, densely set on predorsal flank below lateral line. Chest and belly without scales. Head and flank covered nuptial tubercles in males. Tubercles densely set on head and in suborbital flap (Fig. 6) and pre-dorsal flank and rare on post-dorsal flank above lateral line. Lateral line complete, terminating on hypural complex. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid, flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping posterior nostril when folded backward. One central pore, one lateral pore on each side of supratemporal head canal, two pores in temporal head canal, 9���11 pores in infraorbital canal, 6���8 pores in supraorbital canal, and 8���10 pores in preoperculo-mandibular canal. A suborbital flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than the upper lip. A deep median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and shallow median incision (Fig. 6). Processus dentiformis narrow and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels short; inner rostral barbel usually not reaching base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching to vertical of posterior nare, not reaching to anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to or slightly exceeding pupil, not exceeding through posterior eye-margin. Coloration. Background colour yellow or pale-brown with dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern, cheek without pattern in a few individuals. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank marbled in few individuals, usually with 8���11 roundish or vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped blotches along lateral midline, narrower or as wide as interspaces. Shape of blotches often interrupted along lateral line. Blotches on flank loosely connected by a faint inner axial stripe in preserved individuals. Inner-axial stripe absent in life. Few blotches connected to middorsal saddles, usually disconnected. Midlateral blotches usually dissociated into a fine marbles or mottled pattern on predorsal part of flank, less dissociated on postdorsal part. Back with 2���3 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles usually dissociated into a mottled or vermiculated pattern, 3���5 irregularly set and shaped saddles behind dorsal-fin base. Several spots, vermiculation or a mottled pattern between blotches on back and flank above lateral midline. An irregularly shaped dark-brown bar or two dark-brown blotches, often connected to each other at caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with many, small brown blotches on rays, forming 2���3 indistinct bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, usually forming 2���3 distinct narrow bands. All fins yellowish to pale grey. Anal and pelvic fins hyaline in life, yellowish in preserved individuals, without blotches on rays in most individuals. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus was found in tributaries of Lakes Beyşehir and Suğla in Central Anatolia. Etymology. The species is named after the ancient name for Isauria, a region in Central Anatolia. An adjective. Remarks. The species of the O. angorae group are the only Oxynoemacheilus found in the Turkish Aegean basin, the tributaries of the Bay of Antalya and in Central Anatolian endorheic basins. Only O. ciceki from the Sultan marshes in the eastern part of Central Anatolia belongs to the O. hamwii group (see Geiger et al. 2014). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is distinguished from O. ciceki by having 8���11 roundish or vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped midlateral blotches along the flank (vs. flank with many small rounded spots or mottled), the back with 2���3 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, dissociated in some individuals into a mottled or vermiculated pattern (vs. back with 3���6 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles dissociated into 3���4 paired and rounded blotches in some individuals). Oxynoemacheilus atili is very widespread in the Lake Beyşehir and Suğla basins and is known also from the Manavgat River, which drains water from Suğla Lake to the Mediterranean. We found O. isauricus and O. atili syntopic in the stream ��eltek but would expect that both species usually occur together. Further field-based research is needed to gain a better understanding of the distribution ranges of O. isauricus, which was only found at two quite distant places., Published as part of Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran, Kaya, C��neyt, ��zulu��, M��fit & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus isauricus, a new nemacheilid loach from Central Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 369-378 in Zootaxa 4975 (2) on pages 372-376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4925357, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257"]}

Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini, new species (Figs. 2���5) Holotype. FFR 15588, 54 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream Aksu at Ayvalı, 6 km north of Sincanlı, 38.8101 30.2560. Paratypes. FFR 15589, 8, 42���57 mm SL; FSJF 3205, 5, 57���73 mm SL, same data as holotype. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF-DNA 1518 Turkey: Afyon prov.: Aksu stream at Ayvalı village, 6 km north of Sincanlı, 38.81012N 30.25601E (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 554031, KJ553853, MW 916396, MW 916397, MW 916398).��� FSJF-DNA 1658; Turkey: Isparta prov: stream ��zdere at Eğirler, 38.1976N 31.1074E (GenBank accession numbers: MW 916392, MW 916393, MW 916394, MW 916395). Additonal material. FFR 15607, 2, 52���53 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: stream flowing into Seyitler reservoir at İscehisar, 38.8160N 30.7870E.��� FFR 1537, 35, 30���66 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: stream Kali at İnli, 1 km south to Maltepe, 38.6004N 30.8934E.��� FFR 1565, 7, 54���76 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Delik��yboğazı 1 km south to Ilgın 38.2370N 31.8834E.��� FSJF 3209, 8, 58���78 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Ali (Karacaağa��) at Doğanhisar, 38.1356N 31.6674E.��� IUSHM 2021-1429, 2, 63���67 mm SL; FSJF 3096, 3, 66���71 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: ��zdere stream at Eğirler village 8 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.1976N 31.1074E.��� FFR 15523, 10, 42���68 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: ��zdere stream at Madenli village 6 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.1813N 31.1008E.��� FSJF 2471, 2, 60���67 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: lower stream ��ayk��y at Koysazı bridge, 37.8415N 30.8916E.��� FSJF 2516, 1, 61 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: middle stream ��ayk��y above Kemerk��pr�� water regulator, 37.8376N 30.9008E. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. mediterraneus by having an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 76���91% of length of longest upper caudal-fin ray vs. forked, 65���76), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in length vs. 1.2���1.5), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases, at least until the adipose crests if present (vs. almost uniform), and the flank blotches being usually disconnected from the saddles on the back, rarely 1���2 flank blotches connected (vs. usually all connected). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini occurs together with O. angorae in the Lake Ilgın basin. It is distinguished from this species by having irregularly shaped and set, vertically elongated blotches on the flank, rarely a mottled or marbled pattern (vs. a series of dark-brown midlateral blotches usually fused into a wide, irregular shaped midlateral stripe, rarely a mottled pattern), the tip of the pectoral fin usually reaching to or slightly beyond the pelvic-fin origin in the male (vs. not reaching), a longer pre-pelvic length (51���55% SL vs. 48���51), a smaller distance between the pelvic- and anal-fin origins (20���23% SL vs. 23���28), and 8���10 pores in the preoperculo-mandibular canal (vs. 10���13). The new species is distinguished from O. eregliensis from the wider Lake Tuz basin by possession of a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in its length vs. 1.2���1.5), and an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 76���91% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. almost truncate, 88���98). It is distinguished from O. atili from Lake Beyşehir basin by having a series of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral midline or slightly below, rarely a mottled pattern (vs. irregularly set and shaped, often round blotches, usually forming a marbled pattern), anal and pelvic fins without brown blotches (vs. present in individuals larger than 50 mm SL), anal-fin origin and anal-fin base without pigmentation (vs. usually with a brown blotch at anal-fin origin, often with brown anal-fin base), a smaller distance between the pelvic- and anal-fin origins (20���23% SL vs. 23���26), and a longer anal fin (anal fin length 16���19% SL vs. 14���16). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. anatolicus from Lake Burdur basin and the Dalaman drainage by having a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in its length vs. 1.3���1.6), the tip of the pectoral fin usually reaching to or slightly beyond the pelvic-fin origin in the male (vs. not reaching), and the dorsal part of the head and the upper part of the cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern (vs. mottled). It is distinguished from O. theophilii, from the Bakır��ay drainage (Turkey) and Lesbos Island (Greece) by having a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in length vs. 1.3���1.6), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases, at least until the adipose crests, if present (vs. body depth almost uniform), and a marbled, rarely mottled flank pattern (vs. mottled). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus from the B��y��k Menderes drainage by having the tip of the pelvic fin usually not reaching to the anus (vs. reaching), and a prominent inner axial stripe (vs. absent). Oxynoemacheilus germencicus is very widespread in the B��y��k Menderes drainage and it is very variable in its colour pattern, which reach from a marbled pattern with large roundish blotches, to a fine mottled pattern (vs. usually a series of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral midline or slightly below in O. nasreddini). But in both species, mottled individuals occur. Some O. germencicus also have short bars on the flank, which are set along the lateral midline (vs. usually below in O. nasreddini) but some O. germencicus have the bars largely below the lateral midline and some O. nasreddini have the bars along the lateral midline. There need to be more research on how to distinguish O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus, which form one closely related group in the molecular analysis (Fig. 1). Description. See Figures 2���5 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, slender species. Head long, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base. Body depth slowly decreasing between posterior dorsal-fin base, until vertical of anal-fin base. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep. No, or a very rudimentary pelvic axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin, fully attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below first or second branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin at in front of vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 65���85% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin in female, reaching to, or slightly beyond pelvic-fin origin in male. Pelvic fin usually not reaching anus, reaching to genital papillae; reaching vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray or slightly anterior to that point. Anus about 60���90% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle behind vertical of posterior anal-fin base in some individuals, shallow or absent in other individuals. Largest known individual 78 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays, outer margin slightly concave. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 8���10 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 5���6 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin emarginate, shortest middle caudal-fin ray 76��� 91% of longest ray of upper caudal-fin lobe. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Flank and back covered by scales, scales irregularly set on predorsal back, densely set on predorsal flank below lateral line. Chest and belly without scales. Lateral line usually complete, terminating on hypural complex, sometimes interrupted between anal fin base and hypural complex. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid, flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping posterior nostril when folded backwards. One central pore and one or two lateral pore on each side of supratemporal head canal, 10���12 pores in infraorbital canal, 7���10 pores in supraorbital canal, and 8���11 pores in mandibular canal. A suborbital flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and shallow median incision. Processus dentiformis narrow and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels moderately long; inner rostral barbel reaching or not reaching base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching to vertical of posterior nare or anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to, or rarely slightly exceeding vertical through posterior eye-margin. Coloration. Body with yellowish or pale-brown background and dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern, cheek without pattern in a few individuals. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank mottled in few individuals, usually with a marbled pattern of many vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped blotches, usually much narrower than interspaces. Blotches above lateral midline much larger than below, shape of blotches often interrupted along lateral line, irregularly set bars on caudal peduncle in some individuals. Blotches on flank loosely connected by an inner axial stripe in preserved individuals. Inner-axial stripe prominent on flank behind dorsal-fin base, absent in life. Blotches not extending to middorsal saddles in most individuals, individual blotches extending to saddles in few individuals. Midlateral blotches usually fine and dissociated into a fine marbles or mottled pattern on predorsal part of flank, less dissociated on postdorsal part. Back with 2���4 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles dissociated into a mottled or vermiculated pattern in few individuals, 3���6 irregularly set and shaped saddles behind dorsal-fin base. Several spots, vermiculations or a mottled pattern between blotches on back and flank above lateral midline. Some individuals with faint, narrow, brown slashes between myomeres on flank above lateral midline. An irregularly shaped dark-brown bar or two dark-brown blotches, often connected to each other at caudal-fin base, indistinct in some preserved individuals. Dorsal fins with many, small brown blotches on rays, forming 2���3 narrow bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, usually forming 2���4 distinct bands. All fins yellowish to pale grey. Anal and pelvic fins hyaline in life, yellowish in preserved individuals, without blotches on rays. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is found in tributaries of the endorheic Lakes Akşehir, Eber, Eğirdir and Ilgın in Central Anatolia. Etymology. The species is named after Nasreddin Hodja, an iconic character and wise man who is famous for his funny anecdotes and take-home messages. Nasreddin Hodja is believed to lived and died in 13 th century in Akşehir (Konya). A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is closely related to O. mediterraneus and both species are distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 1.2% in their mitochondrial COI sequence. Geiger et al. (2014) make clear, that there is a wide range of species recognised by morphological characters with very different and often very low K2P distance in their mitochondrial COI sequence. As there are no agreed universal thresholds for species demarcation in the COI sequence distance (Geiger et al. 2014; Kunz 2012), we adopt an iterative taxonomic approach (Yeates et al. 2011) that asks for the formulation of a species hypothesis and its testing by independent methods. Following this approach, populations without clear morphological differences are treated as conspecific if they have K2P distances smaller than 2%. But, in similar way, if there are clear diagnostic morphological characters, then the molecular distance below an a priori defined threshold is ruled out and the entities are treated as separate species (see also the most recent and relevant studies that applied similar approach: Freyhof et al. 2018a, 2018b; Yoğurt��uoğlu & Freyhof 2018; Fagundes et al. 2020; Malabarba et al. 2021). Naturally, we are aware that ���clear diagnostic morphological characters��� is not well defined and needs experience in the particular species group. However, it is beyond the scope of this study to discuss this issue in detail. As O. mediterraneus and O. nasreddini can be well distinguished by the characters given above, both are recognised as separate species. On one hand, the superiority of this approach over the traditional single-character approach (here, solely COI distance) comes from adopting the concept of species as evolving, natural and diagnosable units. On the other hand, mere use of barcoding methods has always the potential to ignore phylogenetically young species that originated a relatively a short time ago (Ferguson 2002, Kunz 2007, Yoğurt��uoğlu & Freyhof 2018). This might be the case for O. nasreddini which could have recently separated from O. mediterraneus by the combination of complex geological events including the rising of the Sultan Mountains between Akar��ay and the Lake District (including Eğirdir and Beyşehir), and the relationships between Lake Eğirdir and the two Mediterranean rivers (Aksu and K��pr����ay), which are difficult to reconstruct without data on the timeline of geological events. We examined Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir basin and could sequence three individuals from the stream ��zdere (FSJF 3096, IUSHM 2021-1429). The stream ��zdere is flowing from the south slopes of Sultan Mountains into Lake Eğirdir. These three individuals show a minimum K2P distance of 0.2% to O. mediterraneus. These five individuals as well as 10 individuals from the same locality (FFR 15523) have an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 80���90% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. 76���91 in O. nasreddini, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���1.9 times in length vs. 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (decreasing in O. nasreddini, not decreasing in O. mediterraneus i.e. the ratio of body depth at posterior of dorsal fin base to the body depth at caudal fin base is equal or almost equal to 1), and the flank blotches disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. disconnected in O. nasreddini, usually all connected in O. mediterraneus). We could further examine three individuals from the stream ��ayk��y (FSJF 2471, FSJF 2516), flowing from the south to Lake Eğirdir. These fish also have an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 75���83% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. 76���91 in O. nasreddini, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.8���2.0 times in length vs. 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (decreasing in O. nasreddini, not decreasing in O. mediterraneus), and the flank blotches disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. disconnected in O. nasreddini, usually all connected in O. mediterraneus). See also Fig. 6 for general appearance of Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir and Fig. 7 for O. mediterraneus as well as Table 3 for morphometric data of O. mediterraneus. All Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir basin examined are identified as O. nasreddini as they are differentiated from O. mediterraneus by the same set of morphological characters that distinguish O. nasreddini from O. mediterraneus (see above). The discordance between the morphological and molecular characters might be the result of introgressive hybridization between O. mediterraneus and O. nasreddini. This is likely to have happened through a connection of the Aksu with Lake Eğirdir basin. Similar possible mitochondrial introgression has been posited between Seminemacheilus ispartensis from Lakes Eğirdir basin and S. lendlii from Lake Akşehir, Eber, and Ilgın basins (Yoğurt��uoğlu et al. 2020). Also, genetic introgression was demonstrated in the frog Pelophelax caralitana from the same region occurring in all peripheral basins, including Akşehir, Eber, Eğirdir and Beyşehir (Akın et al. 2010). Lake Eğirdir is connected today to the Aksu through a canal connecting it with Lake Kovada which drains then to the Aksu. The Kovada canal connecting both lakes was dug along a natural streambed transporting excess water from Eğirdir to the Aksu. Loaches from the Aksu drainage might have invaded the lake following this stream and hybridized with O. nasreddini in Lake Eğirdir leading to the potential introgression of mtDNA postulated here. In Oxynoemacheilus, such an invasion of a mitochondrial haplotype was recently suggested between O. elsae and O. brandtii in the Aras River in the Caspian Sea basin (Freyhof et al. 2021a). The western Taurids, including Lake Eğirdir, Beyşehir, Suğla as well as Aksu, K��pr����ay and Manavgat Rivers constitute a highly complex karst region. Several studies have suggested that these three river drainages receive a significant amount of water from huge karst springs fed mainly through the sinkholes at the periphery and bottom of Lake Eğirdir and Beyşehir (Ekmek��i, 1993; Değirmenci & G��nay, 1992). It is postulated that Eğirdir Lake is hydrologically connected by a subsurface conduit flow to K��pr����ay River (Ekmek��i, 1987; UNDP, 1983). The size of the karst conduits may be large enough to form underground rivers by which some organisms including fish might be able to move by means of their drifted eggs/larvae (Mehmet Ekmek��i, pers. comm., 2021). Evidences from fish fauna support these hypotheses as Pseudophoxinus fahrettini from the upper K��pr����ay is, Published as part of Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran, Kaya, C��neyt & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini, a new nemacheilid loach from Central Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 135-150 in Zootaxa 4974 (1) on pages 138-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4772253, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257","Yeates, D. K., Seago, A., Nelson, L., Cameron, S. L., Joseph, L. & Trueman, J. W. H. (2011) Integrative taxonomy, or iterative taxonomy? Systematic Entomology, 36, 209 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2010.00558. x","Freyhof, J., Baycelebi, E. & Geiger, M. (2018 a) Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 4535, (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4535.1.1","Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Baycelebi, E., Geiger, M. & Turan, D. (2018 b) Generic assignment of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya from the upper Tigris drainage, and a replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa, 4410 (1), 113 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.1.6","Yogurtcuoglu, B. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Aphanius irregularis, a new killifish from south-western Anatolia (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae) Zootaxa, 4410 (2), 319 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.2.4","Fagundes, P. C., Pereira, E. H. L. & Reis, R. E. (2020) Iterative taxonomic study of Pareiorhaphis hystrix (Siluriformes, Loricari- idae) suggests a single, yet phenotypically variable, species in south Brazil. PLoS One, 15, e 0237160 https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0237160","Malabarba, L. R., Chuctaya, J., Hirschmann, A., Oliveira, E. B. & Thomaz, A. T. (2021) Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple lines of evidence support the recognition of a new species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini). Journal of Fish Biology, 98, 219 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 14572","Ferguson, J. W. H. (2002) On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 509 - 516. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8312.2002.00042. x","Kunz, W. (2007) Do species exist? Principles of taxonomic classification. Wiley-Blackwell, Weinheim, xxxiii + 245 pp.","Yogurtcuoglu, B., Kaya, C., Geiger, M. F. & Freyhof, J. (2020) Revision of the genus Seminemacheilus, with the description of three new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4802 (3), 477 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4802.3.5","Akin, C., Bilgin, C. C. & Bilgin, M. (2010) Discordance between ventral colour and mtDNA haplotype in the water frog Rana (ridibunda) caralitana, 1988 Arikan. Amphibia-Reptilia, 31, 9 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853810790457867","Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Epitashvili, G. & Geiger, M. F. (2021 a) Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the eastern Black Sea basin with some remarks on other Caucasian Oxynoemacheilus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4952 (1), 135 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4952.1.8","Ekmekci, M. (1993) A conceptual model for the Beysehir Lake karst system. IAHS Publication, 207, 245 - 252.","Degirmenci, M. & Gunay, G. (1992) Analysis of hydrologic relations between Egirdir-Beysehir-Sugla lakes system and adjacent basins by means of remote sensing techniques (southern Turkey). Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 19, 41 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01740576","Ekmekci, M. (1987) Beysehir Golu'nun komsu havza akimlarina olan etkilerinin arastirilmasi. Master Thesis, Hacettepe Uni- versitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, Ankara, 143 pp. [in Turkish]","UNDP (1983) Technical Report: Karst waters of southern Turkey. United Nations Development Programme, New York, 97 pp."]}

Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, new species (Figs 2���5) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-124180, 74 mm SL; Georgia: Dzirula River at road from Tbilisi to Kutaisi 1 km upstream from Khunevi, 42.0975 43.3900. Paratypes. FSJF 3592, 1, 77 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 3576, 3, 50���59 mm SL; Georgia: Enguri River at Lia, 42.6617 41.9911.��� FSJF 3615, 2, 44���54 mm SL; Georgia: Tskhenitskali River upstream of Samtredia, 42.1694 42.4314.��� FSJF 4061, 2, 32���39 mm SL; Georgia: Gubistskali River east of Samtredia, upriver of confluence with Rioni and Rioni channel, 42.16251 42.41069. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. ZFMK ICH-NB184; same data as holotype (GenBank accession number: MW 564259, holotype or paratype, association unclear).��� ZFMK ICH-106137-106138; Georgia: Swlana stream west of Jurukveti, 42.07829 41.91643 (GenBank accession numbers: MW564307, MW564435).��� ZFMK ICH-106139-106140; Georgia: Gubistskali River east of Samtredia, upriver of confluence with Rioni and Rioni channel, 42.16251 42.41069. (GenBank accession numbers: MW564371, MW564381).��� ZFMK ICH-NB190 - NB191; Georgia: Tskhenitskali River upstream of Samtredia, 42.1694 42.4314 (GenBank accession numbers: MW564373, MW564302, MW564481).��� ZFMK ICH-NB195; Georgia: Enguri River at Lia, 42.6617 41.9911 (GenBank accession number: MW 564442). Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus phasicus is distinguished from O. cemali, the only other species of Oxynoemacheilus known from the eastern Black Sea basin, by a slightly emarginate caudal fin (vs. deeply emarginate), pelvic fin not reaching to origin of genital papillae (vs. reaching to or beyond posterior tip of genital papillae), pelvic-fin origin below first branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. below second or third ray), a wide band in posterior half of caudal fin (vs. absent), and a mottled or marbled flank pattern (juveniles with bars on flank behind dorsal-fin base) (vs. usually with 9���15 narrow, irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-grey bars or vertically elongate blotches on flank posterior to dorsal-fin origin). Oxynoemacheilus phasicus is distinguished from the other members of the O. brandtii species group (O. brandtii, O. elsae, and O. merga) by having a slightly emarginate caudal fin (vs. forked in O. brandtii, deeply emarginate in O. elsae and O. merga), pelvic fin not reaching to origin of genital papillae (vs. reaching to or beyond anus in O. brandtii and many O. elsae and O. merga), caudal peduncle 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep (vs. 2.5���3.2 in O. brandtii, 2.3���2.9 in O. elsae, 2.0��� 2.5 in O. merga), and a mottled or marbled flank pattern (vs. usually with irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars or vertically elongate blotches on flank posterior to dorsal-fin origin, much wider than interspaces, often fused into a plain brown pattern on flank in front of dorsal-fin base in O. brandtii; usually with irregularly shaped and spaced, rarely regularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars, often split in middle, or flank almost plain brown in O. elsae; with many, narrow, pale-brown bars, usually much more narrow than interspaces, often dissociated in vertically elongate blotches on flank and dorsal saddles, rarely mottled in O. merga). Description. See Figures 2���5 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized and moderately slender species. Body deepest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base, at cheek in largest individual. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout blunt. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep. Pelvic axillary lobe present, its tip attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below first branched dorsalfin ray. Anal-fin origin at about vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 50���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus; reaching slightly anterior to vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray; almost reaching anus in juveniles smaller than 40 mm SL. Anus about 30���70% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. No dorsal or ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle. Largest known individual 77 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 8�����9�� branched rays, outer margin straight or convex. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 9���11 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 7 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin slightly emarginate with 8+8 branched rays, moderately emarginate in juveniles smaller than 40 mm SL. Flank, back and abdomen densely covered by scales. Lateral line complete, terminating at caudal-fin base. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping in small individuals, not overlapping posterior nostril when folded backwards in large individuals. One central pore, two in one individual, and one lateral pore on each side of supra- temporal head canal, 8���10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3���4 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 6���9 pores in supraorbital canal and 5���7 pores in mandibular canal. A short suborbital groove in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and short median incision in some individuals, absent in others. Processus dentiformis narrow, very small and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels long; inner rostral barbel reaching to or beyond base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching beyond anterior margin of eye, to middle of eye in some individuals. Maxillary barbel reaching beyond vertical through middle of eye or to or beyond posterior margin of eye. Barbels very short in largest individuals. Coloration. Body with yellowish or pale brown background and dark- or pale-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Preserved individuals with a wide inner-axial stripe, absent in life. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek brown, with a vermiculate pattern. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank densely mottled, without bars or blotches, marbled or with bars on flank behind dorsal-fin origin in individuals smaller than 50 mm SL, almost plain brown in some individuals. Flank pigmentation reaching down to horizontal of pectoral-fin base or to belly in some individuals. Back mottled, marbled or with 3���4 squarish or triangular predorsal blotches, confluent with flank pattern, one saddle at dorsal-fin origin, one or none in middle of dorsal-fin base and one at end of dorsal- fin base, and 3���6 saddles behind dorsal-fin base, all saddles wider than interspaces. A narrow, black bar at caudal-fin base. Posteriormost upper and lowermost caudal peduncle with a pale yellowish, unpigmented blotch. Dorsal and pectoral fins with small brown blotches on rays, forming 1���3 bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, forming 1���3 wide and bold bands, often band at second half of caudal fin very wide or caudal-fin rays almost completely brown. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins with dark-brown blotches on rays; hyaline or with few blotches in individuals smaller than 60 mm SL. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus phasicus was collected from the Enguri and Rioni River drainages in Georgia. It has not been found in the Chorokhi / ��oruh River in Georgia or Turkey or in small rivers in-between despite intensive field work in that area. Etymology. The species name is derived from Phasis, the Greek name of the Rioni. An adjective. Remarks. Nemacheilus bergi was named by Gratzianov (1907) based on a description by Berg (1899) of two individuals (61 mm, 35 mm) from the Akstapha [Agstafa] River, a right tributary of the Kura in Azerbaijan. Berg (1899:73) wrote in his chapter on Nemacheilus sp.: ���Die Schwanzflosse ist im Verh��ltnis zu N. Brandt schwach ausgeschnitten (bei dem Exemplar von 61 mm. L��nge ist der mittelste Strahl der Schwanzflosse 8 mm. Und die seitlichen 11 mm lang).��� [The caudal fin is slightly emarginate in comparison with N. brandtii (in the specimen of 61 mm the length of the central caudal-fin ray is 8 mm and of the lateral ones 11 mm)]. Also, Berg (1899:72���73) mentions that the pelvic fin reaches the anus, there is a bold bar at the caudal-fin base, a wide band in the middle of the caudal fin and incomplete bars on the flank. This species is further treated as a synonym of O. angorae by Berg (1949), who distinguished O. angorae from O. bergianus by the caudal peduncle being less than two times longer than deep in O. angorae vs. more in O. bergianus. ��i��ek et al. (2018) treat N. bergi as a valid species in Oxynoemacheilus without giving further details. Soheil Eagderi (Tehran) sent JF a picture (Fig. 7) of one individual they identified as O. bergi collected in the Kura, very close to the inflow of the Agstafa. Measured from the picture, this individual has the caudal-peduncle depth two times in the caudal-peduncle length, the caudal fin is emarginate and the middle caudal-fin ray is 75% of the length of the longest principal ray in the lower caudal-fin lobe (72% in the description of Berg 1899, but unclear which lobe was measured). These two character states as well as its colour pattern distinguish this species clearly from O. brandtii (caudal peduncle 2.5���3.2 times longer than deep, caudal fin forked). Indeed the fish on Fig. 7 agree with the characters given for N. bergi by Berg (1899) and we support the view of ��i��ek et al. (2018) treating O. bergi as a valid species. Oxynoemacheilus bergi is clearly distinguished from O. phasicus by possessing a deeply emarginate caudal fin (vs. slightly emarginate in O. phasicus), and the pelvic fin reaching the anus (vs. not reaching). Potentially O. bergi is conspecific with O. bergianus, described from the Sefid River in Iran and known to occur in the adjacent Aras, a major tributary of the Kura. Future research should clarify if O. bergi is different from O. bergianus. If both are conspecific, O. bergianus would become a junior synonym of O. bergi. We also follow ��i��ek et al. (2018) in treating N. angorae alasanicus as a synonym of O. bergi and N. brandtii gibbusnazus as a synonym of O. brandtii. ��i��ek et al. (2018) did not examine any materials of N. a. alasanicus or N. b. gibbusnazus, both described by Elanidze (1983) from the upper Alazani in the Georgian Kura drainage. G. Epitashvili and L. Mumladze (Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia) visited the upper Alazani though yet only O. brandtii was collected. ��i��ek et al. (2018) give no arguments for their conclusion and did not analyse the description of both species. However, we also have no arguments to reject the hypothesis of ��i��ek et al. (2018), as the descriptions are not very conclusive, without figures and we also did not examine enough materials by our own. Only four loaches from the type locality of both species were available for this study and these are identified as O. brandtii. It is likely that Elanidze (1983) had identified his materials by the key provided by Berg (1949) and correctly identified one species as O. brandtii and the second species, which has a deeper caudal peduncle and an emarginate (vs. furcate) fin, was identified as O. angorae. He then described new subspecies for both species, and thus N. angorae alasanicus might be identified as O. bergi. Eagderi et al. (2018) distinguish O. elsae (Fig. 9) from O. brandtii (Fig. 8) based on 10, non-overlapping morphometric characters (dorsal-fin base length, anal-fin base length, anal-fin depth, pelvic-fin length, caudal-fin length, caudal-peduncle width, snout length, eye diameter, interorbital distance, maxillary barbel length). They compared 20 O. elsae with five O. brandtii from the Kura drainage. We examined 20 individuals from each species and found all the 10 morphometric characters overlapping. In seven out of 10 characters no significant difference from equality of their mean values were detected. Only the means of the pelvic-fin length, length of the lower caudal-fin lobe, and the eye diameter were significantly different (Fig. 10). Also these morphometric characters largely overlap: pelvic-fin length 14���20, mean 18% SL in O. brandtii (vs. 14���17, mean 16 in O. elsae), length of lower caudal-fin lobe 20���27, mean 24% SL (vs. 19���23, mean 21), and the eye diameter 13���21, mean 17% HL (vs. 17���24, mean 20). The overlap in the pelvic-fin length is due to two individuals only and from 49 O. brandtii all except two individuals, have a pelvic-fin length 17���20 % SL, one has 14% SL and one has 15% SL. This character allows to distinguish O. brandtii from O. elsae if a larger number of individuals is available, while the other characters can just support their diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus elsae is well distinguished from O. brandtii by the shape of the caudal fin, which is emarginate in O. elsae (vs. forked in O. brandtii) and by details in colour pattern. Oxynoemacheilus elsae usually possess a flank pattern of irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars, often split in middle, more narrow than interspaces, or flank almost plain brown (vs. flank with brown bars or vertically elongate blotches, much wider than interspaces, usually regularly set) and the caudal fin possess many small brown blotches on rays arranged in 3���6, narrow, pale-brown band (vs. caudal fin with 1���3, wide and very bold bands). However, the flank pattern is variable in both species and occasionally almost plain brown individuals or individuals with many, very narrow bars occur. Oxynoemacheilus elsae is separated from O. brandtii by a minimum K2P distance of 1.5% (Aras) and 4.9% (Kura) in the mtDNA COI barcode region (Fig. 1). Oxynoemacheilus from the Aras River (Fig. 11), a major tributary to the Kura, cluster as sister to O. elsae in our molecular analysis based on all three approaches (ML, NJ, MP). In all morphological characters distinguishing O. elsae from O. brandtii, the population from the Aras agrees with O. brandtii and not with O. elsae (Fig. 9) including the characteristic colour pattern of O. brandtii. These fish are significantly different from O. elsae in the pelvic-fin length mentioned above, but not different from O. brandtii in any of these or other characters examined. The obvious mismatch between morphological and molecular characters, which suggests that the fish from the Aras should be identified as O. elsae cannot be resolved here. It could be speculated that past river-captures might have resulted in an invasion of a mitochondrial haplotype of O. elsae from Urmia into the adjacent Aras. While they hybridised with native O. brandtii, their mitochondria might have performed better and gave the carriers an evolutionary benefit which spread in the Aras. If so, what cannot be excluded, we would find O. brandtii with mtDNA of O. elsae. The small molecular distance between O. elsae and O. brandtii from the Aras in their mtDNA indicates the time passed since the connection of the Aras with the Urmia basin. Further nuclear molecular research is needed in the future aiming to clarify the case. We suggest to identify the fish from the Aras as O. brandtii due to its morphological similarity to this species., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Epitashvili, Giorgi & Geiger, Matthias F., 2021, Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the eastern Black Sea basin with some remarks on other Caucasian Oxynoemacheilus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 135-151 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on pages 139-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4671916, {"references":["Gratzianov, V. I. (1907) Opyt' obzora ryby Rossiskoi Imperii v' sistematicheskom' i geograficescom' otnoshenii. Vol. 4. Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii, 1907, i - xxx + 1 - 567.","Berg, L. S. (1899) Beitrage zur Ichthyofauna des Kaukasus. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums [Bulletin du Musee du Caucase; Izvestija Kavkazskogo Muzeja], 1 (3), 1 - 80. [in Russian and German].","Berg, L. S. (1949) The freshwater fishes of the USSR and adjacent countries. Part 3. 4 th Edition. Akademia Nauk USSR, Moscow & Leningrad, pp. 927 - 1382. [in Russian]","Cicek, E., Eagderi, S. & Sungur, S. (2018) Oxynoemacheilus veyseli, a new nemacheilid species from the upper Aras River drainage of Turkey (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5 (3), 232 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.22034 / iji. v 5 i 3.302","Elanidze, R. F. (1983) Ikhtiofauna rek i ozer Gruzii. Akademiya Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, Georgia, 319 pp. [in Russian]","Eagderi, S., Jalili, P. & Cicek, E. (2018) Oxynoemacheilus elsae, a new species from the Urmia Lake basin of Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). FishTaxa, 3 (2), 453 - 459."]}

Garra orontesi, new species (Figs 1���5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 336D8DAD-9366-4937-B7CB-E5CF3DC2F61A Holotype. FFR 4034, 111 mm SL; Turkey, Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8520N 36.6861E. Paratypes. FFR 4010, 46, 47���115 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 1262, 12, 47���117 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Afrin at Reyhanlı, 36.29604N 36.5552E. ��� FFR 1265, 14, 85���107 mm SL; Turkey, Antakya prov.: a tributary of Orontes River at Samandağ, 36.1003N 36.0103E. ��� FFR 1301, 6, 78���97 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream S��ğ��tl�� at Kırıkhan 36.4655N 36.3780E. ��� FFR 1317, 9, 67���86 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream B��y��kkara at Samandağ, 36.1367N 36.0409E. ��� FFR 4007, 48, 32���100 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Serinyol at Samandağ, 36.3655N 36.2138E. ��� FFR 4013, 10, 35���74 mm SL; Turkey, Kilis prov.: stream Afrin at Afrin 36.8061N 36.9821E. ��� FFR 4016, 9, 40���87 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream S��ğ��tl�� at Kırıkhan 36.6117N 36.4404E. ��� FSJF 2302, 10, 38���78 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov: stream B��y��kkara at Kara��ay, 36.1355N 36.0422E. ��� FSJF 2335, 18, 31���83 mm SL; Turkey: Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8520N 36.6861E. ��� FSJF 2414, 2, 55���117 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: Orontes River at Sinanlı, 36.0974N 36.0785E. ��� FSJF 2415, 11, 41���83 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream Yıldırım at Serinyol, 36.3662N 36.1811E. ��� FSJF 2449, 3, 71��� 90 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream Karasu at Kumlu, 36.4653N 36.3803E. ��� FSJF 2663, 5, 56���94 mm SL; Syria: spring south of Qala���at al Jarras, 35.3303N 36.3106E. ��� FSJF 2667, 10, 61���103 mm SL; Syria: Lake Shadha, 35.5253N 36.2536E. ��� FSJF 2671, 7, 31���102 mm SL; Syria: Orontes north of Ain al Zarqa, 35.9444N 36.4025E. ��� FSJF 2684, 5, 59���74mm SL; Syria: Orontes River at Mashr���a al Bouz, 35.9508N 36.3958E. ��� FSJF 2695, 18, 58���106 mm SL; Syria: Orontes River at Jinan, 35.0764N 36.8431E. ��� FSJF 2699, 4, 104��� 117 mm SL; Syria: Lake Qattinah south-east of Homs, 34.6619N 36.6183E. Additional Records. Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Hanne at Hatay, 36.2072N 36.1236E. ��� Turkey, Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu at below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8455N 36.6841E. Diagnosis. Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. rufa by having the pelvic-fin origin below the second (rarely third) branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. third, rarely fourth), and a shorter predorsal length 45���49% SL (vs. 48���51). It is distinguished from G. jordanica by having 17���21 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch (vs. 12���17), a wider head (maximum head width 73���82% HL vs. 64���72), and 2���3, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin (vs. 5���6, rarely 4). In two juvenile G. orontesi (out of 50 individuals examined) and in one large male G. jordanica (out of 40 individuals examined), we found 4 scales between the tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin. Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. turcica by having a slightly pointed snout (vs. blunt), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 21���26% SL vs. 18���21) and caudal peduncle (depth of caudal peduncle 13���14% SL vs. 12���13). Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. ghorensis by having usually 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7��), 35���38 lateral line scales (vs. 32���34), and no tubercles on upper posterior eye margin (vs. present). It is distinguished from species of the G. rufa group in Iran by having scales on the breast and predorsal midline (vs. naked in G. mondica), usually 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7�� in G. amirhosseini, G. mondica, and G. meymehensis), 9+8 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 8+ 8 in G. persica), 35���38 total lateral line scales (vs. 30���33 in G. tiam) and 14���16 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 12���13). The new species is distinguished from subterranean G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, G. typhlops, and G. widdowsoni by having a fully developed eye and a grey or brown background colour (vs. absence). Garra orontesi is distinguished from Garra variabilis by having two pairs of barbels (vs. one) and from all other Garra species in the Mediterranean basin (G. caudomaculata, G. culiciphaga, G. festai, G. kemali, G. klatti, G. nana, G. sauvagei) by having a well-developed gular disc (vs. absent). Description. For general appearance, see Figs. 1���5 and Table 1 for morphometric data. Body elongate, moderately compressed laterally, more compressed in region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently, slightly convex, slightly continuous with dorsal body profile to nape or about middle between nape and dorsal-fin origin, almost straight until dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile nearly straight to anal-fin origin. Head moderately large and depressed, with slightly convex or flat interorbital distance; height at nape less than HL; width at nape greater than depth. Snout blunt, with transverse lobe, with numerous small- or medium-sized tubercles. Proboscis covered with small or medium-sized tubercles. Proboscis not or only slightly elevated from depressed rostral surface. Lateral surface of snout covered by small to medium sized tubercles reaching to anterior eye margin. Fewer tubercles in juveniles and no tubercles in few juveniles and adults. Size of the tubercles variable. Eye placed dorso-laterally in posterior half of head. Two pairs barbel, rostral barbel antero-laterally located, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, longer than rostral barbel. Rostral cap developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface, its length 10���12% (mean 10.0%) of lateral HL. Upper jaw generally covered by rostral cap except in some individuals. Torus slightly squarish, rarely round, labella and labrum entirely covered by small papillae. The gular grooves moderately distinct. Gular disc elliptical or slightly squarish, shorter than wide. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� (2) and 8�� (18) branched rays, last simple ray slightly shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; first or second branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to anus or behind. Pectoral fin with 13���16 [13 (1), 14 (3), 15 (11) and 16 (5)] rays, reaching to a point 2���4 (mode 3) scales anterior to pelvic-fin origin, length almost equally or longer than head length. Pelvic fin with 8 (2) and 9 (18) rays, reaching to, or beyond anus, not reaching anal-fin base, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserts below third or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal fin short, with 3 simple and 5�� (20) branched rays; first or second branched ray longest, almost reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or rarely anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anus 2���4 scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; tip of lobes pointed. A total of 17���21 gill rakers on lower limb of first branchial arch. Lateral line complete, 35���38 [35 (4), 36 (11), 37 (4) and 38 (1)] total lateral line scales; 33���36 1+2. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 3�� (1), 4�� (18) and 5�� (1); between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3�� (19) and 4�� (1) and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 4�� (17) and 5�� (3). Circumpeduncular scale rows 14 (3), 15 (12) and 16 (5). Predorsal scales 9 (1), 10 (6), 11 (4), 12 (5) and 13 (4); scales regularly arranged, same size as flank scales. Chest and belly scaled, scales deeply embedded on chest, smaller than scales on belly. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, and 5���8, usually 5, scales between the posterior-most pelvic-fin base and anus. Colouration. In ethanol: Head, back and flank dark brown or dark grey. Single or groups of dark brown scales on flank. Mouth, chest and abdomen cream or yellowish. A large, squarish or oblong, black or dark brown blotch at posterior-most caudal peduncle, absent in some individuals. Lateral line pores cream whitish. Dorsal-fin rays and membranes grey. Base of last 4���6 branched dorsal-fin rays with a black spot or black in individuals larger than 50 mm SL, hyaline in others. Caudal fin grey, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins grey, rarely hyaline. An irregularly shaped black caudal-fin margin in some individuals. In life: Single or groups of dark brown scales on flank, often organised in a very irregularly shaped stripe along lateral midline. Head brown, greenish or grey. Flank scales silvery, yellowish, greenish, greyish or brown; whitish or yellowish on ventral flank and belly. Some populations almost completely grey or silvery. Iris red. A blue blotch at anterior most lateral line reaching down to upper pectoral-fin base. Fins yellowish, brown or hyaline. Usually red caudal-fin membranes on lower lobe or up to middle of fin. Etymology. The species is named for Orontes, a son-in-law of the Punjabi king Deriades. In the ancient Greek epic poem Dionysiaca, he was killed by Dionysus at the river later taking his name. A noun in genitive. Distribution. Garra orontesi is widespread in the Orontes River drainage in Turkey and Syria. It is expected to be found in the headwaters of the Orontes in Lebanon also. Remarks. Following Durna et al. (2010) and Hamidan et al. (2014), G. orontesi is most closely related to G. rufa from the Euphrates and Tigris. However, Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al. (2016) demonstrated that the phyogenetic relationships of several species and species groups within the G. rufa group are not well resolved. Garra orontesi and G. rufa are separated by 2.7% K2P distance in the studied COI gene region (Hamidan et al. 2014) and it is distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 3.9% from geographically adjacent G. turcica and 4.7% from adjacent G. jordanica. From 210 combinations of different Garra species (Table 2) only eight are below a minimum K2P distance of 3.0%. These include well-distinguished species as G. rufa and G. persica (2.39%) and geographically widely disjunct species as G. mondica and G. turcica (2.21%). Only four combinations are below 2%: G. gallagheri vs. G. longipinnis: 1.99%, and the combinations between G. elegans, G. amirhosseini and G. mondica. As G. elegans is well distinguished by morphological characters from all other species of Garra in the Middle East (Freyhof 2016), it is placed in the G. rufa group by mitochondrial and nuclear characters (Behrens- Chapuis et al. 2015). In this species, DNA introgression cannot be full excluded and we see no reason to treat G. mondica and G. amirhosseini as synonyms of G. elegans. However, further research is recommended to test, if the morphological characters distinguishing G. mondica and G. amirhosseini are confirmed in the future., Published as part of Bay��elebi, Esra, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 169-180 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on pages 171-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4671557, {"references":["Durna, S., Bardakci, S. & Degerli, N. (2010) Genetic diversity of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Anatolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 83 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2009.12.009","Hamidan, N. A., Geiger, M. F. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3), 223 - 236.","Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Abdoli, A., Eagderi, S., Esmaeili, H. R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Bernatchez, L., Hallerman, E., Geiger, M. F., Ozulug, M., Laroche, J. & Freyhof, J. (2016) Dressing down: convergent reduction of the mental disc in Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Middle East. Hydrobiologia, 785 (1), 47 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 016 - 2902 - 8","Freyhof, J. (2016) Redescription of Garra elegans (Gunther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4173 (5), 496 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4173.5.7"]}

Key to species of Garra with a fully developed gular disc in the Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea basin 1a One pair of barbels........................................................................... G. variabilis 1b Two pairs of barbels................................................................................... 2 2a Eye externally invisible, body pink, without pattern................................................ G. widdowsoni 2a Eye fully developed, body brown, yellowish or grey, usually with mottled pattern................................... 3 3a 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays; a small field of tubercles behind upper posterior eye margin; 31���32+1���2 lateral-line scales; no black blotch on flank at middle of posterior caudal peduncle........................................... G. ghorensis 3b 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays; no tubercles behind upper posterior eye margin; 33���36+1���2 lateral line scales; a black blotch on flank at middle of posterior caudal peduncle at least visible in juveniles........................................... 4 4a Snout blunt; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 18���21% SL................................................ G. turcica 4b Snout slightly pointed; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 20���26% SL............................................... 5 5a 12���17 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch; 5���6, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin; maximum head width 64���72% HL........................................................................ G. jordanica 5b 17���21 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch; 2���3, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin; maximum head width 73���82% HL................................................................................. 6 6a Pelvic-fin origin below second (rarely third) branched dorsal-fin ray; predorsal length 45���49% SL; distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin origins 28���32% SL................................................................. G. orontesi 6b Pelvic-fin origin below third, rarely fourth branched dorsal-fin ray; predorsal length 48���51% SL; distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin origins 31���35% SL....................................................................... G. rufa, Published as part of Bay��elebi, Esra, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 169-180 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4671557

Oxynoemacheilus amanos, new species (Fig. 1���3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0A807FB-78E2-496F-8E28-093E948854F1 Holotype. FFR 15582, 65 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: spring İncesu at Hassa, 36.7935 36.5135. Paratypes. FFR 1478, 45, 43���71 mm SL; FSJF 2273, 32, 41���69 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus amanos is distinguished from other species of the O. galilaeus species group by a combination of characters, none of them unique to the species. It is distinguished from O. cilicicus by possessing 23���45 lateral-line pores (vs. 13���23), 10���13 pores in infraorbital canal (vs. 8���10), and a more slender body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length vs. 1.0���1.2). The new species is distinguished from O. namiri by lacking scales on the back and flank anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. usually with few, isolated scales), and having many, narrow, irregularly shaped and set pale-brown bars on the flank, often dissociated into a mottled pattern (vs. usually with 6���17, very distinct and regularly shaped and set bars), the flank-bars usually separated from the middorsal saddles and not meeting contralaterally (vs. usually all or most bars, at least behind dorsal-fin base, extending to middorsal saddles and usually meeting contralaterally). The new species is distinguished from O. ceyhanensis, from the upper Ceyhan drainage by possessing an incomplete lateral line, usually terminating below the dorsal-fin base or above the anus (vs. terminating on hypural complex or above anal-fin base), and lacking scales on the flank and back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. with usually isolated and embedded scales, often absent on the nape and back immediately behind the nape). Oxynoemacheilus amanos is distinguished from O. galilaeus, O. panthera, and O. leontinae by having a deeply emarginate caudal fin (vs. slightly emarginate or truncate), and the flank and back posterior to the dorsal-fin base covered by scales (vs. very few isolated scales on caudal peduncle in O. panthera and O. leontinae; no scales in O. galilaeus). Further, O. amanos has usually one, rarely two, central pores in the supratemporal canal (vs. central pore usually absent in O. panthera). Description. See Figures 1���3 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, stout species. Head long, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base in male, slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin in female individuals collected in June (potentially due to the reproductive state). Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight or slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.1���1.5 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe or a very small, rudimentary lobe. Pelvic-fin origin below second or rarely first branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin about vertical of midline between dorsal- and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 60���75% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus, not reaching vertical through tip of last dorsal-fin ray. Anus about 50���80% eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle, close to caudal-fin base (Figure 1 and 3), shallow in some individuals (Fig. 2). Dorsal adipose crest reaching vertical through posterior anal-fin base. Largest known individual 71 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�����9�� (mode 8��) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin convex. Pectoral fin with 10���12 (mode 11) rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Pelvic fin with 6���7 (mode 6) rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, its median shortest ray being 1.2���1.5 times in the length of the longest unbranched ray in the upper caudal-fin lobe. Flank and back behind dorsal-fin base covered by scales. Lateral line incomplete, often interrupted, with 23���45, exceptionally two individuals with 14 and 17 pores, usually terminating below dorsal fin base, rarely in front of or behind vertical of dorsal-fin base or above anus. Anterior nostril opening at the end of a low, pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril reaching to posterior nostril when folded backwards. One, rarely two central and lateral pores on each side of supratemporal canal, 10���13 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3���4 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 8���10 pores in supraorbital canal and 7���9 pores in mandibular and preopercular canals. No suborbital groove or flap in male. Mouth small, slightly arched. Lips thick, without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small median incision. Processus dentiformis wide, distinct, and usually rounded, pointed in some individuals. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Inner rostral barbel short, usually not reaching base of maxillary barbel, rarely reaching; outer rostral barbel long, usually reaching to midpoint of eye, rarely not reaching; maxillary barbel long, reaching posterior edge of pre-opercle. Coloration. Body with yellowish background and a dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and cheek with many brown spots forming a vermiculated or marbled pattern in some individuals, ventral surface of head with brown dots or without pattern. Flank mottled with many vertically elongate and irregularly shaped blotches in many individuals, vertically elongate blotches larger in others, with 11���17 very irregularlyshaped dark-brown bars, wider than interspaces in most individuals. Only in one out of more than 150 individuals examined (not all preserved), with distinct, regularly shaped flank-bars (Fig.2). Back usually with 6���8 large, irregularly-shaped dark brown blotches or saddles, wider than or equal to interspaces; back rarely mottled or without pattern. In few individuals, individual flank-bars extending to middorsal saddles and meeting contralaterals. A triangular, dark-brown blotch at upper and lower caudal-fin base, usually fused into a dark-brown bar. Above and below major unbranched caudal-fin rays 1���2, rarely 3 dark-brown, roundish or ovoid blotches, darker than bands on caudal fin. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins with many small, dark brown or black blotches on rays. Blotches forming 2���5 bands on caudal-fin. Pelvic and anal fins with few dark brown or black blotches on rays. Blotches on pectoral and pelvic fins usually on dorsal surface, not forming bands. Blotches on anal-fin forming 1���3 narrow rows. Pelvic and anal-fins usually hyaline or light yellowish, other fins greyish. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus amanos is found in the spring İncesu at Hassa. The spring is situated in the catchment of the Hupnik River, which is a tributary of the Karasu, a northern tributary of the Orontes (Fig. 4, Table 2). Etymology. The species is named for the Amanus (=Amanos), the ancient name of the Nur mountains in the Turkish Hatay Province. The Nur mountains run roughly parallel to the Gulf of İskenderun. A noun in apposition., Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus amanos, a new nemacheilid loach from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 559-570 in Zootaxa 4938 (5) on pages 560-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4575072

Paracobitis salihae, new species (Figs 2���4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8796E0F5-7867-4369-8C50-7F9535567308 Holotype. FFR 3657, 66 mm SL, Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 2 km east of Aktoprak, 37.8443 N, 37.6703 E. Paratypes. FSJF 4104, 1, 48 mm SL, Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 7 km northeast of G��lbaşı, 37.8391 N, 37.6974 E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FFR DNA-Para1; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 7 km northeast of G��lbaşı, 37.8391 N, 37.6974 E. (GenBank accession number: MT 651606). Diagnosis. Paracobitis salihae is distinguished from P. zabgawraensis by its greater predorsal length (56���57% SL vs. 49���56), truncate caudal fin (vs. emarginated), greater prepelvic length (54% SL vs. 50���53), and longer barbels (outer rostral barbel 24���32% HL vs. 16���24; maxillary barbel 27���34% HL vs 19���27). It is further distinguished from P. zabgawraensis, its closest relative, by a K2P distance of 3.6%. Description. For general appearance see Figs. 2���4; morphometric data are provided in Table 3. Medium-sized, elongate and slightly compressed laterally, with medium-sized head. Predorsal profile convex, prepelvic profile straight. Body deepest and widest slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin, depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. No hump at nape. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout slightly pointed. Caudal peduncle strongly compressed laterally, measured without crest: 1.5 times longer than deep. No axillary lobe at pelvic-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin below dorsal-fin origin. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 40 or 50% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. Moderately high to shallow adipose crest on caudal peduncle. No ventral adipose crest. Dorsal fin reaching or slightly behind to anteriormost tip of dorsal adipose crest when folded down. Anus about 60���90% eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Margin of dorsal fin convex. Caudal fin truncate. Largest known specimen 66 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 9, pelvic fin with 7 rays. Flank behind vertical through adipose-crest origin covered with small, deeply embedded scales. Back and anterior flank naked. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base or middle of caudal peduncle, with 74, 81 pores. Anterior nostril opening as pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior nostril oval, posterior tip of anterior nostril not, or only just overlapping posterior nostril when folded down. One central and one lateral pore on each side of supratemporal canal, 9 or 10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 8 or 10 pores in supraorbital canal and 10 pores in preoperculomandibular canal. No suborbital flap or groove in male. No external sexual dimorphism observed. Mouth small, arched. Lips moderately thick with prominent furrows. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip without median incision. Processus dentiformis large, blunt. A median notch in lower jaw in paratype, absent in holotype. Barbels of holotype moderately long, inner rostral not reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching vertical through base of maxillary barbel; maxillary barbel almost reaching to vertical through posterior eye margin. Barbels of paratype long, inner rostral barbel reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching vertical through middle of eye; maxillary barbel reaching behind vertical through posterior margin of eye. Coloration. Yellowish green background in live and formalin-preserved individuals. Body with a dark-brown vermiculate or marbled pattern, especially on predorsal back and flank posterior to dorsal-fin base, pale-brown anterior to dorsal-fin base. Colour pattern continues into dorsal adipose crest. Dorsal head and cheek with a vermiculate pattern; ventral surface of head without pattern. Both individuals with a thin dark-brown bar on caudal-fin base. Median part of dorsal-, caudal-, pectoral- and anal-fin rays of holotype, and dorsal- and caudal- fin rays of paratype black, often with black blotches. A few black blotches on pelvic-fin rays of holotype, and on pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fins of paratype. No or very little pigmentation on fin membranes. Pectoral- and pelvic fins yellowish, others fins grey. Distal margin of fins hyaline. All fins except dorsal reddish in life. Distribution. Only known from the G��ksu River, a tributary of the upper Euphrates (Figs. 5���6). Etymology. Paracobitis salihae is named in honour of the Saliha Kaya (1939-2015), mother of the first author. A noun in the genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Paracobitis basharensis, P. molavii and P. zabgawraensis are the three Paracobitis species known from the Tigris drainage, but only P. zabgawraensis is found in the upper Tigris drainage and this species is related to P. salihae. Paracobitis salihae is distinguished from P. molavii by possessing a longer caudal peduncle (19% SL vs. 14���18) and a dark-brown vermiculate colour pattern on the flank and predorsal back (vs. forming a dense mottled pattern). Paracobitis salihae is further distinguished from P. basharensis by its dorsal-fin origin being above the vertical through the pelvic-fin origin (vs. about one eye diameter behind), and having a greater prepelvic length (54% SL vs. 50���53), deeper body (maximum body depth 17% SL vs. 12) and shorter caudal peduncle (without crest 1.5 times longer than deep, vs. 2.0���2.3). As only two individuals of P. salihae could be found, the diagnostic value of all morphometric character states mentioned here should be treated as tentative. But the substantial K2P distance between it and Paracobitis zabgawraensis, to which it has a sister-group relationship (Fig. 1) encourages us to recognise P. salihae as a distinct species. We hope more individuals will become available in the future, allowing a better morphological differentiation of this species against its congeners. We do not wait until that time to make the species name available, however, because this species could be Critically Endangered as a result of the very small size of its known population and range, threatened additionally by dam constructions close to its very small distribution range., Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut, Kalayci, G��khan, Bay��elebi, Esra & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, The westernmost known population of Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae), with the description of a new species from the Euphrates River in southern Anatolia, pp. 525-534 in Zootaxa 4838 (4) on pages 527-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4486912

Keys to species of Alburnoides in the southern Black Sea and Marmara Sea basins (Modified from Turan et al. (2019)) 1a Ventral keel naked or rarely covered by 1���3 scales on its anterior part............................................ 2 1b Ventral keel covered by (2) 3���7 scales on its anterior part...................................................... 5 2a Usually 7���9 gill rakers.................................................................................. 3 2b Usually 5���7 gill rakers................................................................................. 4 3a Mouth slightly subterminal; tip of upper lip projecting beyond lower lip..................................... A. kurui 3b Mouth terminal; tip of both lips almost equal......................................................... A. turani 4a 11�����14�� branched anal-fin rays................................................................. A. kosswigi 4b 14�����16�� branched anal-fin rays.................................................................. A. freyhofi 5a Ventral keel covered by 5���7 scales on its anterior part................................................. A. tzanevi 5b Ventral keel covered by (2) 3���5 scales on its anterior part...................................................... 6 6a 10�����12�� branched anal-fin rays.............................................................. A. manyasensis 6b 13�����16�� branched anal-fin rays......................................................................... 7 7a Proximal 50���70% of last unbranched dorsal-fin ray ossified; proximal 40���60% of last unbranched anal-fin ray ossified; interorbital width 7���8% SL; caudal peduncle depth 10���11% SL........................................ A. coskuncelebii 7b Proximal 30���50% of last unbranched dorsal-fin ray ossified; proximal 10���30% of last unbranched anal-fin ray ossified; interorbital width 8���10% SL; caudal peduncle depth 11���12% SL........................................... A. fasciatus, Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, 2020, Spirlins of the southern Black Sea basin, with the description of a new species (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 419-428 in Zootaxa 4763 (3) on pages 420-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3759563, {"references":["Turan, D., Kaya, C., Aksu, I., Baycelebi, E. & Bektas, Y. (2019) Alburnoides coskuncelebii, a new sprilin species from the stream Buyuk Melen in southwestern Anatolia (Pisces: Leuciscidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 1107, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.23788 / IEF- 1107"]}

Alburnoides turani, new species (Figs. 2���3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1B952D57-3446-494D-A973-94E871459447 Holotype. FFR 07033, 81 mm SL; Turkey: Zonguldak prov.: stream Bolu at Ak��abey, 41.034, 31.877. Paratypes. FFR 07032, 50, 52���79; same data as holotype.��� FFR 07062, 18, 38��� 101 mm SL; Turkey: Bolu prov.: stream Bolu 33 km northeast of Bolu, 40.989, 31.749.��� FFR 07035, 1, 79; Turkey: Zonguldak prov.: Filyos River 8 km south of ��aycuma, 41.341, 32.078. Diagnosis. Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having fewer scales on the ventral keel (0���3 vs 5���7), more branched anal-fin rays (13�����14�� vs 11�����12��), a shorter head (24���26% SL vs 26���28), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29���33% SL vs 25���27), a greater interorbital distance (8���9% SL vs 7���8), and a deeper anal-fin (19���22% SL vs 17���18). It is distinguished from A. kosswigi by having a deeper caudal peduncle (11���12% SL vs 9���11), 5���6 scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line (vs 3���5), and more branched anal-fin rays (13�����14��, mode 14�� vs 11����� 13��, rarely 14��, mode 12��). Furthermore, the snout length in A. turani is greater than the eye diameter (vs snout length smaller than eye diameter in A. kosswigi). The new species is distinguished from A. freyhofi by having smaller eye (eye diameter 6���8% SL vs 8���10), a longer and deeper caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 17���20% SL vs 15���17; caudal peduncle depth 11���12% vs 9���11), and fewer branched anal-fin rays (13�����14�� vs 14�����16��). In A. turani, the snout length is greater than the eye diameter (vs snout length smaller than eye diameter in A. freyhofi). Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. coskuncelebii by having a greater interorbital distance (8���9% SL vs 7���8), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29���33% SL, mean 30.6 vs 27���30, mean 28.1) and a deeper caudal peduncle (11���12% SL vs 10���11). The new species is distinguished from A. kurui by having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), and having the eye diameter smaller than the snout length (vs eye diameter greater than the snout length). In A. turani, the tip of the lips are at almost an equal level, while in A. kurui, the tip of the upper lip is projecting beyond the lower lip. It is distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a deeper body (29���33% SL vs 26���29) and a smaller interorbital distance (8���9% SL vs 9���10). In Alburnoides turani, the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray is about 50���70% ossified (vs 30���50%) and the last unbranched anal-fin ray is about 40���60% ossified (vs 10���30%). In A. turani, the tip of the upper lip is not projecting beyond the lower lip (tip of lips are almost equal), while in A. fasciatus the tip of the upper lip is projecting beyond the lower lip. Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. manyasensis by having more branched anal-fin rays (13�����14�� vs 10�����12��), a shorter caudal peduncle (16���20% SL vs 20���25), a greater interorbital distance (8���9% SL vs 7���8), a snout length 1.0���1.2 times in the eye diameter (vs 0.7���0.9), and 5���6 scales between the lateral line and anal-fin origin (vs 4���5). Description. For general appearance, see Figures 2���3. Morphometric and meristic data are given in Table 1. Body deep and markedly compressed laterally. Upper profile of body convex, ventral profile approximately equal to dorsal profile. Head short, approximately 0.8���0.9 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex at snout, straight or slightly convex at interorbital space. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.4���1.7 times in its length. Snout tip pointed, snout length smaller than interorbital distance but greater than eye diameter. Mouth terminal, and tip of both lips almost equally projecting. Ventral keel covered with 0���3 scales (Fig. 4). Largest known individual 101 mm SL. Lateral-line with 48 (4), 49 (1), 51 (2), 52 (5) or 55 (3) scales; 10 (3), 11 (7) or 12 (5) scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral-line; 5 (13) or 6 (2) scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral-line. 7���8 gill rakers on outer side of first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8�� (15) branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin 13 (5) or 14 (10) rays, outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 8 (15) rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 13�� (5) or 14�� (10) branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin forked, lobes slightly pointed. Coloration. In live individuals, dorsum and upper part of flank dark-grey, lower part of flank and ventrum silvery. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct on anterior part of flank. A bluish, dark-grey stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex. Numerous small black spots on flank-scale pockets. Base of fins orange, except caudal fin. Dorsal, caudal, and proximal portion of anal fins orange to yellowish. Median and distal margin of anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins hyaline. Formalin-preserved individuals brown or dark brown on dorsum and upper parts of flank, yellowish on ventrum and lower part of flank. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct on anterior part of flank and indistinct or slightly distinct on caudal peduncle in most individuals. A black stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex, its width approximately equal to eye diameter. Numerous small dark-brown spots on flank-scale pockets, especially below stripe. Dorsal and caudal fins greyish or yellowish. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins pale grey or yellowish. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides turani is known from the Filyos River drainage, a tributary of the south-western Black Sea basin (Fig. 1). The species was collected from fast-flowing clear waters with cobble and pebble substrates (Fig. 5). Etymology. The species is named for Davut Turan (Rize), my supervisor for 10 years, for all his efforts with me and for his great contribution to the knowledge of the genus Alburnoides and fish fauna in Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. The cytochrome b gene tree topology published by Bektaş et al. (2019; Bolu stream population) placed Alburnoides turani closest to A. eichwaldii (pairwise distance 6.43%) and most distant to A. manyasensis (pairwise distance 8.31%), among the species inhabiting the Marmara and Black Sea basins. Besides the species mentioned above, A. turani is distinguished from the species found in the northern Black Sea basin (A. maculatus, A. rossicus, A. kubanicus) by having a wider and deeper head (head width at anterior margin of eye 10���11% SL vs 8���9; head depth through eyes 14���15% SL vs 13���14). Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. maculatus in having more branched anal-fin rays (13�����14��, mode 14�� vs 11�����12��, mode 12��), and a terminal mouth (vs subterminal). Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. rossicus by having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), fewer branched anal-fin rays (13�����14��, mode 14�� vs 15�����16��, mode 16��), and a deeper caudal peduncle (11���12% SL vs 8���10). In A. turani, the eye diameter is smaller than both the snout length and interorbital distance while in A. rossicus, the eye diameter is equal to the snout length but smaller than the interorbital distance. Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. kubanicus in having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), more branched anal-fin rays (13�����14��, mode 14�� vs 12�����13��, mode 12��), and a deeper caudal peduncle (11���12% SL vs 10���11). In A. turani, the spots along the lateral line above and below the pores are distinct in both the anterior and posterior parts of the flank in most individuals (vs indistinct on the posterior part of the flank)., Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, 2020, Spirlins of the southern Black Sea basin, with the description of a new species (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 419-428 in Zootaxa 4763 (3) on pages 421-422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3759563, {"references":["Bektas, Y., Aksu, I., Kaya., C., Baycelebi, E., Atasaral, S., Ekmekci, F. G. & Turan, D. (2019) Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Alburnoides (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Turkey based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30 (749 - 805), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24701394.2019.1664493"]}

Oxynoemacheilus muefiti, new species (Figs 15���17) Holotype. FFR 15532, 70 mm SL, Ağrı prov.: Turkey: Murat River at Ballıbostan; 39.678 43.189. Paratypes. FFR 15507, 2, 29���45 mm SL, same data as holotype.���FFR 1432, 7, 42���63 mm SL, Ağrı prov.: Turkey: Murat River at Taşlı��ay; 39.646 43.367. Additional material. FSJF 3444, 4, 33���46 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896.��� FSJF 2556, 3, 45���47 mm SL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri south of Adıyaman, tributary to Atat��rk reservoir, 37.7417 38.3351.��� IUSHM 2019-1410, 3, 37���68 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: stream near Sarık��y, 16 km west of Eleşkirt, 39.8016 42.4816.��� IUSHM 2019-1411, 3, 43���52 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Balıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FFR DNA- 330; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 546505).��� FSJF DNA-931; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri km south of Adıyaman, tributary to Atat��rk reservoir, 37.7417 38.3351. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 546463 - MK 546465).��� FSJF DNA-2366; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. (GenBank accession number: MK 546466).��� FSJF DNA-2380; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: stream near Sarık��y, 16 km west of Eleşkirt, 39.8016 42.4816. (GenBank accession number: MK 546467). Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. arsaniasus by lacking the central pore in the supratemporal canal (vs. present), having a mottled colour pattern on the caudal-fin base (vs. a bold bar, usually fused with a roundish or vertically elongate, dark-brown blotch at the vertical midline), a fine, brown, mottled colour pattern on the flank, usually organised in narrow, pale-brown bars on the flank behind the dorsal-fin base (vs. flank marmorate, often with a midlateral series of large, bold, dark-brown, very irregularly shaped blotches or short bars), the bars on the caudal peduncle not separated from the adjacent saddles on the back (vs. separated), and narrow, pale-brown, indistinct bands on the caudal fin (vs. usually bands wide, bold and dark-brown). The new species is distinguished from O. ercisianus by having a longer and more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 1.3���1.6 times its depth vs. 1.0���1.3) in individuals larger than 50 mm SL, a narrower body (body width at dorsal-fin origin 11���13% SL vs. 13���17), and a shallow dorsal adipose crest on the caudal peduncle reaching to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray in individuals larger than 50 mm SL (vs. higher crest, not reaching to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray base in individuals larger than 50 mm SL). It is distinguished from O. hazarensis by lacking a suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), having no scales on the caudal peduncle (vs. with scales), a shorter outer rostral barbel (20���34% HL vs. 34���41), and shorter maxillary barbel (25���33% HL vs. 32���40). The new species is distinguished from O. kaynaki by having an incomplete lateral line (vs. complete), no pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present), no scales (vs. present), and no bold, black bar at the caudalfin origin (vs. present). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. tigris by having a mottled flank pattern without bold bars (vs. 10���16 bold bars, very prominent on the caudal peduncle), no bold, black spots at the upper and lower caudal-fin base (vs. two bold, black spots in most individuals), and no scales (vs. present). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is further distinguished from the other species inhabiting the Euphrates drainage not belonging to the O. tigris species group by a combination of characters. It is distinguished from O. araxensis by lacking a suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), and lacking scales (vs. present). It is distinguished from O. argyrogramma, O. bergianus, O. euphraticus, and O. samanticus by having a slightly emarginated caudal-fin (vs. deeply emarginate or slightly forked), no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), and no scales (vs. present), and no black spots at the caudal-fin base (vs. having two bold black jet spots in O. argyrogramma and O. euphraticus). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. paucilepis by having an incomplete lateral line (vs. complete), and no scales (vs. flank covered by often isolated scales). Description. See Figures 15���17 for general appearance and Table 3 for morphometric data. Medium-sized and stout species. Body deepest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin, depth steeply decreasing at dorsal-fin base, slightly decreasing towards caudal-fin base. A shallow or well developed hump at nape. Greatest body width at pectoral-fin base. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.3���1.6 times longer than deep. No axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin. Pelvic-fin origin below third branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin in front of vertical through middle between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 65���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching vertical through tip of last dorsal-fin ray, not reaching to in front of anus. Anus about �� eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. A shallow dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle. Dorsal adipose crest reaching to vertical through middle of caudal peduncle, not reaching to vertical through anal-fin base. Crests usually absent in individuals smaller than 50 mm SL. No central pore in supratemporal canal. Margin of dorsal fin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin slightly emarginated. Largest known specimen 70 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 8�� branched rays. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 8+8 (n=6) and 9+8 (n=2) branched rays. Pectoral fin with 10 (n=3) and 11(n=5) and pelvic fin with 7 (n=7) and 8 (n=1) rays. No scales on back and flank. Lateral line incomplete, reaching to slightly in front of or behind vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril reaching to posterior nostril when folded backwards. No suborbital groove or flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick with large furrows. A short median interruption in lower lip. A shallow median incision in upper lip. Processus dentiformis wide and rounded. No median notch in lower jaw. Barbels short, inner rostral barbel not reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching to vertical between posterior nare and anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to middle of eye or slightly beyond. Coloration. Body with yellowish, brownish or whitish background and coarse, dark- or pale-brown mottled pattern. Head pale brown or yellowish, check without pigmentation or with small, brown spots and vermiculation, ventral surface of head without pattern. Flank mottled, usually with irregularly set and shaped blotches or narrow, irregularly shaped bars on flank behind dorsal-fin origin. Back with 5���8 large, irregular shaped, brown blotches, wider than interspaces. No bold bar or blotch on caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with many, small, black blotches on rays, forming 2���4 narrow, indistinct bands. Caudal fin with many small black blotches on rays, forming 3���4 indistinct bands. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins hyaline in small individuals, with dark-brown or grey blotches on rays in larger individuals. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti has been found in the upper Murat River drainage as well as in the Eğri, a tributary to Atat��rk reservoir. Etymology. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is named for M��fit ��zuluğ (Istanbul) for his strong support to our work over many years. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Our molecular data (Fig. 1) place O. muefiti in the O. tigris species group. Based on DNA barcoding it is separated from all other species in the O. ercisianus group, and by a minimum K2P distance of 1.8% to O. ercisianus, which is the most closely related species based on the COI data we analysed. It is not supported by the PTP or mPTP delimitation as an own entity. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is known from two widely separated areas in the Euphrates drainage, the upper Murat River and the Eğri, a tributary to Atat��rk reservoir (Fig. 2). Both populations are distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 1.0%. Our material is too limited to test, if there might be morphological differences between the two population groups which might be two species or two populations (see also Freyhof et al. 2019 for discussion). We suspect that the distribution area of O. muefiti might be still very incompletely known and many more populations will be discovered in the future which will fill the large gap in the known distribution range of the species., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Geiger, Matthias, 2019, Review of the Oxynoemacheilus tigris group with the description of two new species from the Euphrates drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 29-57 in Zootaxa 4612 (1) on pages 48-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3233571

Alburnus carianorum, new species Holotype. FFR 0 4677, 95.2 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River north of Dalaman, 36.815��N 28.802��E. Paratypes. FFR 0 4618, 58, 30���92 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River north of Dalaman, 36.815��N 28.802��E.��� FSJF 1927, 2, 49���51 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: B��y��k Menderes River south of Aydin, 37.783��N 27.839��E.��� FSJF 2345, 26, 31���84 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River south of Ortaca, 36.813��N 28.798��E.��� FSJF 2565, 2, 63���64 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Aydın, 37.762��N 27.8356��E.��� FSJF 2580, 22, 50���73 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Eski��ine, 37.543��N 28.063��E. Diagnosis. Alburnus carianorum is distinguished from A. demiri by having fewer branched anal-fin rays (11���13�� vs. 13���14��), fewer scales in the lateral line (40���47 vs. 46���49), more scale rows between the lateral line and the dorsalfin origin (6���8, vs. 9) and fewer gill rakers on the first gill arch (15���19 vs. 18���21). Alburnus carianorum has a slenderer caudal peduncle than A. demiri (8.9���10.5% SL vs.10.5���11.1). Alburnus carianorum is distinguished from A. escherichii from the adjacent Sakarya River drainage and from A. nasreddini from the adjacent Eber, Akşehir and Ilgın Lake basins by having less gill rakers (15���19, mode 18 vs. 12���16, mode 13 in A. escherichii, 13���14, mode 13 in A. nasreddini), less scales in the lateral line (40���47 vs. 45���53 in A escherichii, 45���51 in A. nasreddini) and more scale rows between the lateral line and the dorsal-fin origin (6���8 vs. 8���10). Description. See Figure 1 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data of the holotype. Medium sized, moderately deep and compressed body. Dorsal body profile convex, ventral profile more convex than dorsal profile. No hump at nape. Head short, its upper profile straight at interorbital area, slightly convex at nostrils. Snout short, its length smaller than eye diameter, with slightly round tip. Mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper jaw, with slightly developed chin. Eye diameter about equal to interorbital distance. Caudal peduncle depth 1.7���2.3 times in its length. Lateral line complete, reaching caudal-fin base, with totally 40 (1), 41 (7), 42, (3), 43 (6), 44 (4), 45 (5), 46 (2) and 47 (2) scales. 6 (3), 7 (8) and 8 (19) scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, 3 (2), 4 (26) and 5 (2) scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line. Dorsal fin with three simple and 7�� (1) and 8�� (29) branched rays, outer margin straight. Anal fin with 3 simple and 11�� (1), 12�� (21) and 13�� (8) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pectoral fin with one simple 13 (13), 14 (14), 15 (2) and 16 (1) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pelvic fin one simple and 7 (2) and 8 (28) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pharyngeal teeth in two rows, 2.5���5.2 or 2.4���5.2, serrated, hooked at tip. Ventral keel, prominent, exposed for 2���8 scales in front of anus. 15 (1), 16 (3), 17 (2), 18 (3) and19 (1) gill rakers on first gill arch. Numerous small tubercles on head in adult males. Etymology. Named for the Carians, the inhabitants of the ancient province of Caria in the southern Anatolian Aegean basin. A noun in the genitive case. Distribution. Lower Dalaman and B��y��k Menderes River drainages in the Turkish Aegean Sea basin. Remarks. The description of A. carianorum published here largely repeats the description of the same species published already by Freyhof et al. (2018) and further details on this species are available from that work., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Geiger, Matthias & Turan, Davut, 2019, Comments on the holotype of Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018 and re-description of A. carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bay��elebi, Geiger & Turan, 2019 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 594-596 in Zootaxa 4550 (4) on page 595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.4.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2625564, {"references":["Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Baycelebi, E., Geiger, M. & Turan, D. (2018 b) Generic assignment of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya from the upper Tigris drainage, and a replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa, 4410 (1), 113 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.1.6"]}

Barbus anatolicus, new species (FIG. 2���7) Holotype. FFR 0 8811, 193 MM SL; TURKEY: KIRŞEhIR PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER At KESIKK��PR��, 38��57'39''N 34��11'57''E. Paratypes. FFR 0 8802, 27, 67���201 MM SL; SAME DAtA AS hOLOtYPE.��� FFR 0 0 231, 5, 124���168 MM SL; FFR 0 0 238, 4, 157���196 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER 2 KM SOUth OF ZARA, 39��52'26"N 37��44'44"E. ��� FFR 0 8800, 12, 102���251 MM SL; TURKEY: YOZGAt PROV.: StREAM DELICE At YERK��Y, 39��37'19''N 34��29'23''E. ��� FFR 0 8801, 3, 118���168 MM SL; TURKEY: KAStAMONU PROV.: StREAM DEVREZ At WEStERN AŞAĞIDIKMEN, 40��59'02''N 34��05'57''E. ��� FSJF 3740, 2, 116���119 MM SL; TURKEY; ��ANKIRI PROV.: StREAM ULUSU (��ERKEŞ) 1 KM SOUthWESt OF ��ERKEŞ, 40��48'27"N 32��53'03"E. ��� FSJF 2902, 9, 89���236 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39��43'16"N 36��57'44"E. ��� FSJF 2978, 18, 57���132 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER At ORtAtOPA��, NORth-WESt OF ŞARKIŞLA, 39��22'57"N 36��15'01"E. Additional material. FFR 0 8810, 8, 86���170 MM SL; TURKEY: GIRESUN PROV.: StREAM BAĞIRSAK At ALUCRA, 40��18'37''N 38��46'21''E. ��� FFR 0 8808, 6, 84���158 MM SL; TURKEY: G��M��ŞhANE PROV.: StREAM KELKIt SOUth OF SEYDIBABA, 40��05'28''N 39��03'02''E. ��� FFR 0 0 178, 2, 84���88 MM SL; TURKEY: ORDU PROV.: StREAM TIFI At G��K��EBAYIR, 40��47'57"N 36��43'50"E. ��� FFR 0 10265, 7, 85���113 MM SL; TURKEY: SAMSUN PROV.: StREAM TERSAKAN At HAVZA, 40��59'23"N 35��43'03"E. ��� FSJF 3127, 3, 53���68 MM SL; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: YEŞILIRMAK RIVER At ILICASU, 20 KM FROM TAŞOVA, 40��44'09"N 36��08'60"E. ��� FSJF 3104, 9, 63���136 MM SL; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ��ORUM 15 KM NORth OF G��YN��CEK, 40��29'30"N 35��35'28"E. Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1386; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39��43'16"N 36��57'44"E. (GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407604, MH407625).��� FSJF DNA- 1607; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ��ORUM 15 KM NORth OF G��YN��CEK, 40��29'30"N 35��35'28"E. (GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407648, MH407605, MH407619). Diagnosis. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus AND B. escherichii BY hAVING MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 51���58 IN B. rionicus; 52���58 IN B. escherichii) AND thE OUtER MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN BEING MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY CONCAVE). It IS ALSO DIStINGUIShED FROM B. escherichii BY thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE). Barbus anatolicus IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus BY hAVING A MORE OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. APPROXIMAtELY 50���60%) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS, COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth FEW IRREGULARLY ShAPED BROWNISh SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK). ThE NEW SPECIES IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. macedonicus BY hAVING thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF thE VERtICAL OF thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN (VS. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN ABOVE thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN), 12���15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN thE LAtERAL LINE AND thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN (VS. 14���17), thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD EXCEPt FOR SOME INDIVIDUALS LARGER thAN 200 MM SL) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS hEAD AND FLANK COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. barbus, B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 53���63 IN B. barbus, 53���62 IN B. oligolepis, 51���64 IN B. tauricus), thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus), thE POStERIOR MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. SLIGhtLY CONCAVE OR StRAIGht IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth MANY, VERY SMALL DARK-BROWN OR BLACK SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK IN ADULtS). It IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING FEWER GILL RAKERS ON thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9���11 VS. 11���14 IN B. oligolepis , 11���13 IN B. tauricus) AND FROM B. tauricus BY hAVING A MORE StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL- FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. 40���60%). Description. SEE FIG. 2���4 FOR GENERAL APPEARANCE AND TABLES 2���3 FOR MORPhOMEtRIC AND MERIStIC DAtA. A LARGE SPECIES WIth A SLENDER AND SLIGhtLY COMPRESSED BODY. DORSAL PROFILE ARChED AND VENtRAL PROFILE StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY ARChED. PREDORSAL PROFILE CONVEX AND POStDORSAL PROFILE StRAIGht. HEAD RELAtIVELY LONG, ItS UPPER PROFILE StRAIGht IN INtERORBItAL AREA, CONVEX At NOStRILS AND SLIGhtLY CONCAVE IN FRONt OF NOStRILS. MOUth SUBINFERIOR, WIth WELL- DEVELOPED LIPS. LIPS WIth PAPILLAE, LOWER LIP thICKER thAN UPPER LIP. LOWER LIP WIth PRODUCED LAtERAL AND MEDIAN LOBES (FIG. 5). ROStRAL BARBEL NOt REAChING VERtICAL OF NOStRIL. MAXILLARY BARBEL REAChING tO VERtICAL OF POStERIOR MARGIN OF PUPIL. SNOUt POINtED. LARGESt KNOWN SPECIMEN ABOUt 400 MM SL (NOt PRESERVED). LAtERAL LINE WIth 58���71 SCALES, 12���15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN, 9���10 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND ANAL-FIN ORIGIN. GILL RAKERS 3���5 + 5���6=9���11 ON OUtER SIDE OF FIRSt GILL ARCh. DORSAL FIN WIth 4 SIMPLE AND 7�����9�� (MODE 8��) BRANChED RAYS. POStERIOR MARGIN OF DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF VERtICAL OF PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN. LASt SIMPLE DORSAL-FIN RAY OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth (FIG. 6). PECtORAL FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 15���16 BRANChED RAYS. PELVIC FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 7���8 BRANChED RAYS. ANAL FIN WIth 3 SIMPLE AND 5�� BRANChED RAYS, OUtER MARGIN CONVEX, REAChING tO BASE OF CAUDAL FIN IN MOSt INDIVIDUALS, ItS LENGth NOt FOUND tO BE SEXUALLY DIMORPhIC. CAUDAL FIN FORKED, LOBES SLIGhtLY POINtED. MANY EPIDERMAL KEELS ON tOP OF hEAD AND PREDORSAL SCALES (FIG. 7) IN KIZILIRMAK POPULAtION, ABSENt IN YEŞILIRMAK POPULAtION. TOtAL VERtEBRAE 45���49 (MODALLY 45). PhARYNGEAL tEEth 5.3.2���2.3.5. Coloration. FORMALIN PRESERVED ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth BROWN BACKGROUND COLOUR ON BACK AND FLANK, YELLOWISh ON BELLY. MANY SMALL BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON hEAD, EXtENDING DOWNWARDS tO ChEEK. NUMEROUS SMALL AND IRREGULAR BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK, USUALLY SMALLER thAN SCALES OR AS LARGE AS SCALES. SPOtS OFtEN AGGREGAtE tO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED BLOtChES. DORSAL AND CAUDAL FINS GREYISh. ANAL, PECtORAL AND PELVIC FINS YELLOWISh. NUMEROUS BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON RAYS OF ALL FINS. LIFE ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth SILVERY OR BRIGht GOLDEN BACKGROUND COLOUR, PECtORAL AND ANAL FINS WIth ORANGE hUE OR ORANGE MARGIN. Distribution and notes on habitat. Barbus anatolicus IS KNOWN FROM thE DRAINAGES OF thE KIZILIRMAK AND YEŞILIRMAK RIVERS (FIGURE 8). It INhABItS SWIFt FLOWING WAtER, WIth ROCKY AND PEBBLE BOttOM. Etymology. ThE NAME OF thE SPECIES IS DERIVED FROM ANAtOLIA. AN ADjECtIVE. Remarks. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. niluferensis FROM thE SOUthERN MARMARA SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE GILL RAKERS (9���11 VS. 6���8), MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 43���44), A LONGER (26���29% SL VS. 24���26) AND MORE SLENDER hEAD (hEAD DEPth At OCCIPUt 50���61% HL VS. 60���68) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8���13% HL VS. 18���23). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. pergamonensis FROM thE EAStERN AEGEAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 41���42), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 52���61), A LONGER hEAD (26���29% SL VS. 25���26) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8���13% HL VS. 19���22). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. lacerta FROM thE PERSIAN GULF BASIN AND FROM B. cyri, FROM thE CASPIAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING A StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED ALONG 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. LESS thAN 50%) AND thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. A POORLY DEVELOPED SWOLLEN MEDIAN PAD). It FURthER DIFFERS FROM B. lacerta AND B. cyri BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 42���44) AND MORE GILL RAKERS ON thE OUtER SIDE OF thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9���11 VS. 6���9). It hAS tO BE NOtED, thAt WE FOUND NO EXtERNAL DIFFERENCE tO DIStINGUISh B. lacerta, B. cyri AND B. karunensis FROM EACh OthER AND WE CANNOt CONFIRM thE MORPhOLOGICAL PARt OF thE DIAGNOSES PROVIDED BY KhAEFI et al. (2017) PARtLY BASED ON thE SAME MAtERIALS EXAMINED AS FOR thIS StUDY., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Geiger, Matthias & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the K��z��l��rmak and Ye��il��rmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 539-557 in Zootaxa 4461 (4) on pages 542-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1460272

Key to species of Barbus in the Middle East 1a 39���44 total vertebrae; small-sized fish reaching about 200 mm SL............................................... 2 1b 44���49 total vertebrae; large-sized fish reaching usually 300���500 mm SL.......................................... 5 2a Lower lip with a median lobe............................................................................. 3 2b Lower lip with a median swollen pad...................................................................... 4 3a 62���71 total lateral line scales; 6���8 gill rakers..................................................... B. niluferensis 3b 52���61 total lateral line scales; 8���11 gill rakers.................................................. B. pergamonensis 4a 69���87 lateral line scales........................................................................ B. miliaris 4b 50���66 lateral line scales...................................................... B. cyri / B. lacerta / B. karunensis 5a Lower lip with median lobe............................................................................. 6 5b Lower lip with median swollen pad....................................................................... 8 6a Flank plain-brown or with many minute dark-brown spots in adults...................................... B. rionicus 6b Flank, back and head with many irregularly shaped black or brown spots, often also with large, dark-brown blotches in juve- niles and adults........................................................................................ 7 7a Lateral line with 54���58 scales; anal fin longer in female than in male................................... B. escherichii 7b Lateral line with 58���71 scales; anal fin of equal length in female and in male............................. B. anatolicus 8a Head length 1.2���1.5 times in body depth; snout length 1.5���1.7 times interorbital distance.................... B. oligolepis 8a Head length 1.0���1.2 times body depth; snout length 1.4���1.5 times interorbital distance....................... B. tauricus, Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Geiger, Matthias & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the K��z��l��rmak and Ye��il��rmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 539-557 in Zootaxa 4461 (4) on page 542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1460272

Alburnus caeruleus : FFR 0 0 967, 11, 51���74 mm SL; Turkey: Siirt prov.: stream Bitlis southwest of Aktaş, 37.962N 41.789E.��� FFR 0 4622, 22, 54���80 mm SL; Turkey: Kilis prov.: headwater of Qweik west of Erikliyayla, 37.292N 37.572E.��� FFR 0 4639, 22, 46���70 mm SL; Turkey: Gaziantep prov.: stream Merzimen at Yavuzeli, 37.292N 37.572E.��� FSJF 2591, 4, 82���99 mm SL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream ��akal, 13 km west of Adıyaman, a tributary to Atat��rk reservoir, 37.722N 38.165E.��� FSJF 3356, 14, 48���70 mm SL, Iraq: stream Zalm at Khurmal, 35.306N 45.971E.��� IUSHM 37800-349, 5, 47.9���51.6 mm SL, Turkey, Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri 6 km south-east of Adıyaman, 37.75000N 38.33333E., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, ��zulu��, M��fit, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2018, Redescription of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863, with comments on Alburnus sellal adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 4382 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1182982

Alburnus timarensis : FFR 0 4643, 22, 57���113 mm SL; Turkey: Van prov.: stream Karasu west of G��ls��nler, 38.682N 43.346E.��� FSJF 2840, 5, 93���103 mm SL; Turkey: Van prov.: stream Karasu.��� IUSHM 37990-509, 5, 54���100 mm SL, Van prov.: stream Karasu, 38.650N 43.283E., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, ��zulu��, M��fit, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2018, Redescription of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863, with comments on Alburnus sellal adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 4382 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1182982

Alburnus qalilus : SMF 24481, paratypes, 5, 28��� 37 mm SL; Syria: Nahr al-Hawaiz.��� FSJF 2653, 2, 58���64 mm SL; Syria: Nahr al Kabir at Safkoon, 35.656N 35.997E.��� FSJF 2762, 2, 67���68 mm SL; Syria: Nahr al Hawaiz at Dableh, 35.333N 35.948E., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, ��zulu��, M��fit, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2018, Redescription of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863, with comments on Alburnus sellal adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 4382 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1182982

Alburnus tarichi : FFR 0 0 934, 38, 75���188 mm SL; Turkey: Bitlis prov.: stream Yenik��pr�� at south-eastern Yenik��pr��, 38.727N 42.424E.��� FSJF 1991, 3, 180��� 194 mm SL; FSJF 2191, 7, 156��� 197 mm SL; Turkey: Van prov.: lower part of stream Deli��ay east of Erciş, 39.005N 43.319E.��� IUSHM 2013-1046, 1, 169 mm SL, Lake Van, 38.51N 4328E., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, ��zulu��, M��fit, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2018, Redescription of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863, with comments on Alburnus sellal adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 4382 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1182982

Neotype designation of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863 As two species of Leuciscidae (Alburnus, Pseudophoxinus) occur at Arsuz, Steindachner���s description might allow the identification of the species he had in hand. Steindachner (1863) mentions 16 branched pectoral-fin rays in A. kotschyi (vs. 15���17 in Alburnus from Arsuz; 13���14 in Pseudophoxinus from Arsuz), 6 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 8; 7), 7�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 9�����11��; 7��), 8�����9�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 8��; 7��), 48 (total?) scales along the lateral line (vs. 49���59; 41���44), head shorter than greatest body depth (vs. longer; equal or shorter), head length about five times in total length (vs. 4.8���5.2; 4.5���4.7), head depth about 66% of head length (vs. head length 67���75%; 71���77 of head depth at nape), eye diameter 3.5 times in head length (vs. 3.3���4.0, 3.1���3.7), eye diameter less than snout length (vs. smaller; equal), eye diameter greater than interorbital distance (vs. smaller in both species), eye diameter 1.3 times in postorbital distance (vs. 1.5���1.8 in both species), posterior end of the upper jaw reach vertical of anterior eye margin (vs. slightly in front of vertical in both species), nares situated anteriorly to corner of mouth (vs. anterior in both species), dorsal profile slightly increasing from occiput to dorsal-fin origin (vs. slightly increasing in both species), head profile strongly decreasing from forehead to tip of snout (vs. slightly deceasing in both species), caudal peduncle depth 2.5 times in head length (vs. 2.2���2.7; 1.9���2.1); dorsal-fin origin behind vertical of pectoral-fin tip (vs. behind in both species), predorsal length about one eye diameter longer than postdorsal length (vs. predorsal length 120���140% of the sum of postdorsal length and eye diameter; 128���135%), dorsal-fin base about equal to postorbital length (vs. about equal in both species), dorsal-fin height slightly shorter than pectoral-fin length (vs. almost equal; longer), dorsal-fin height about 66% of head length (vs. 77���90%; 78��� 97%), longest anal-fin ray slightly shorter than longest dorsal-fin ray (vs. shorter in both species), caudal fin deeply forked (vs. deeply forked in both species), lower caudal-fin lobe longer than head length (vs. equal; longer), largest scales slightly larger than 50% of eye diameter (vs. 57���67%; 47���60%, measured as height of lateral line scale below dorsal fin origin) and a prominent black lateral stripe (vs. present in both species). Steindachner (1863) did not mention how he counted the last two branched rays articulating with a single pterygiophore in the anal and dorsal fins. By comparison with his text for species for which the number of branched dorsal-fin rays is not variable (7 [7��] in Iberocypris alburnoides, 7 [7��] in Anaecypris hispanica, 7 [7��] in Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866), we deduce that he counted the last two rays as a single ray. While the Pseudophoxinus from Arsuz agrees with the description of A. kotschyi by having 7�� branched analfin rays and some of the characters mentioned above, it is also distinct by having, among other characters, 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 8�����9��), and 41���44 total lateral-line scales (vs. 48). The Alburnus found in Arsuz agrees with Steindachner���s description by having 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays, being superficially very similar to A. arborella but it differs from the description by having 51���58 total lateral-line scales (vs. 48, 49��� 59 in populations from Seyhan and Ceyhan), 9�����10�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 7��) and some characters mentioned above. We exclude the possibility that Steindachner (1863) had seen hybrids between the Alburnus and Pseudophoxinus, as such hybrids should be intermediate between parents at least in meristic characters, and this is not the case in the characters given in the description by Steindachner. We cannot exclude the possibility that an additional species was present in Arsuz in Steindachner���s time, which is now extinct, extirpated or could simply not be collected by us. The fact, that Steindachner (1863) stated that the fishes are of 50���100 mm (most likely) total length makes clear that he had more than one individual in hand. We could also not exclude that Steindachner (1863) had mixed the Pseudophoxinus and the Alburnus from Arsuz in his description. However, no variations are given in the description, which suggests it was based on a single individual only. No other leuciscid known from adjacent areas fully agrees with Steindachner���s description, so only an extinct species or a species not yet discovered could be taken into consideration. Therefore, we find here clearly the situation where a name cannot be connected to a species without uncertainties. To eliminate these uncertainties concerning the application of the name A. kotschyi and potential confusion with any known species we designate here one individual of Alburnus collected from Arsuz (IUSHM 37900-253, Fig. 1) as neotype of A. kotschyi. This species is superficially similar to A. arborella and has the distinguishing character states of A. kotschyi sensu Steindacher, viz. 8�� branched dorsal fin rays, a prominent lateral stripe, head length 5 times in total length and predorsal length about one eye diameter longer than postdorsal length (see others above). As the name A. kotschyi has already been used by several authors (Perea et al. 2010, Geiger et al. 2014), the neotype designation stabilizes the use of the name A. kotschyi rather than destabilizes it by transferring it to a species of Pseudophoxinus, which is only indicated by the branched anal-fin ray count. ICZN (1999: Art. 75.3) prescribes seven qualifying conditions to designate a neotype. Art. 75.3.1. require a statement that the neotype is designated with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status of a nominal taxon. As A. kotschyi cannot be identified from the description, no type is left and two similar species occur at the type locality, only a neotype designation clarifies the taxonomic status of the species. Art. 75.3.2. requires a statement of the characters that the author regards as differentiating the species from its congeners. The diagnosis given below satisfies this requirement. Art. 75.3.3. requires data and description sufficient to ensure recognition of the specimen designated. The diagnosis and description given below satisfies this requirement. Art. 75.3.4. requires that the author's reasons for believing the name-bearing type specimen(s) to be lost or destroyed be stated, together with the steps taken to trace it or them. No type material was found in the Steindachner collection at NMW, which is the only repository known to contain his fish specimens (H. Wellendorf, NMW, pers. comm., 23 Sept 2008). Art. 75.3.5. requires evidence that the neotype be consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description. Some of the most important diagnostic characters of the species (see above) are visible in the neotype. Art. 75.3.6. requires that the neotype comes from a location as close as practicable to the original type locality, meaning from Arsuz, which it does. We see no reason to believe, that Steindachner's Arsus is different from the today city of Arzus. Art. 75.3.7. requires a statement that the neotype is the property of a recognized scientific or educational institution, cited by name, that maintains a research collection, with proper facilities for preserving name-bearing types, and that makes them accessible for study. IUSHM fulfils this requirement., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, ��zulu��, M��fit, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2018, Redescription of Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863, with comments on Alburnus sellal adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 4382 (3) on pages 574-575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1182982, {"references":["Steindachner, F. (1863) Uber eine neue Alburnus - Art aus Syrien. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 48 (I Abtheilung), 193 - 194.","Steindachner, F. (1866) Allgemeine Bemerkungen uber die Susswasserfische Spaniens und Portugals und Revision der einzelnen Arten. Selbstverlag des Verfassers, Wien, 15 pp.","Perea, S., Bohme, M., Zupancic, P., Freyhof, J., Sanda, R., Ozulug, M., Abdoli, A. & Doadrio, I. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 265","Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257","ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenlature, London, 306 pp."]}

Alburnoides freyhofi, new species (Fig. 4) Holotype. FFR 0 1065, 85 mm SL; Turkey: Yozgat prov.: stream Delice southeast of Yerk��y, 39��37'19"N, 34��29'23"E; C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 0 2 Oct. 2015. Paratypes. FFR 0 1149, 56, 53���93 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 0 7000, 25, 37���69 mm SL; Turkey: Kastamonu prov.: stream Devrez about 2 km south of Tosya, 40��59'02"N, 34��05'57"E; C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 30 Sep. 2015. ��� FFR 0 7001, 22, 57���89 mm SL; Turkey: Sinop prov.: stream Delice at 1 km south of ��arşak, 41��27'11"N, 34��53'19"E; C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 30 Sep. 2015. ��� FFR 0 7004, 17, 66���85 mm SL; Turkey: ��ankırı prov.: stream Devrez at 1 km west of İnk��y��, 40��54'16"N, 33��38'15"E; C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 30 Sep. 2015. Diagnosis. Alburnoides freyhofi is distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus ([Fig. 2 e] vs. covered by (2) 3���5 scales [Fig. 2 b]); more gill rakers (5���7 vs. vs. 7���9) and less abdominal vertebrae (20���21 vs. 21���22). Alburnoides freyhofi is also distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a rounded snout tip (vs. slightly pointed). Alburnoides freyhofi is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1-3 scale covering the anterior part of the keel ([Fig. 2 e] vs. covered by 5���7 scales [Fig. 2 c]). In addition, A. freyhofi is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having more branched anal-fin rays (14����� 16�� vs. 11�����12��). Alburnoides freyhofi is also distinguished from A. tzanevi by having a deeper body (28���34% SL vs. 24���27), a shorter caudal peduncle (15���17% SL vs. 18���23), and a deeper dorsal-fin (25���30% SL vs. 21���26). Alburnoides freyhofi is distingushed from A. manyasensis by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus ([Fig. 2 e] vs. covered by (2) 3���5 scales [Fig. 2 d]). It is also distinguished from A. manyasensis by having more branched anal-fin rays (14�����16�� vs. 10�����12��) and a shorter caudal peduncle (15��� 17% SL vs. 20���25). In A. freyhofi, the interorbital distance is greater than the eye diameter (vs. smaller). A. kurui A. freyhofi A. kosswigi TABLE ��.. Frequency đistribution of meristic characters of T species of Alburnoides. Lateral-line scales N 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Mean kurui 37 5 3 11 8 2 1 3 3 1 53.1 freyhofi 30 2 2 2 6 8 5 2 1 2 47.9 kosswigi 65 4 6 7 9 5 3 3 8 3 3 4 5 2 2 1 48.6 fasciatus 30 1 4 8 7 3 6 1 50 tzanevi 17 1 1 3 4 1 4 1 2 48 manyasensis 25 2 3 1 3 5 5 4 2 50.9 cf. smyrnae 8 1 3 1 1 1 1 44.3 eichwaldii 38 5 3 2 5 9 8 2 3 1 51.7 velioglui 25 1 3 5 6 5 1 1 2 1 49.6 emineae 20 1 1 1 2 4 4 7 43.4 Transverse scales Above lateral-line Below lateral-line Brancheđ anal-fin rays N 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mean 3 4 5 6 7 Mean 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Mean kurui 37 10 19 8 10.9 13 22 2 5.7 7 25 5 13.9 freyhofi 30 5 22 3 9.9 8 20 2 4.8 12 17 1 14.6 kosswigi 65 4 32 15 7 7 9.7 4 36 25 4.3 8 30 25 2 12.3 fasciatus 30 1 24 5 10.1 3 27 4.9 16 12 2 13.5 tzanevi 17 16 1 9.1 17 4 6 11 11.6 manyasensis 25 1 8 14 2 10.7 5 20 4.2 2 9 14 11.5 cf. smyrnae 8 3 5 9.6 8 4 1 4 2 13 eichwaldii 38 11 23 4 9.8 4 32 2 4.9 3 20 13 2 12.4 velioglui 25 4 15 6 10.1 10 15 4.6 7 16 2 11.8 emineae 20 9 11 9.6 3 17 4.9 10 9 1 13.5 Vertabrae counts Total Abđominal Cauđal Alburnoides freyhofi is distinguished from A. kurui by having a terminal mouth (vs. slightly subterminal in most individuals), the tip of mouth cleft usually being at a horizontal of the middle of the pupil (vs. tip of the mouth cleft usually at a horizontal of the lower margin of the pupil). Alburnoides freyhofi has fewer gill rakers than A. kurui (5���7 vs. 7���8), fewer lateral-line scales (44���53 vs. 50���59) and fewer total vertebrae (40���42 vs. 42���43). In A. freyhofi, the snout is shorter than the horizontal eye diameter (vs. snout length approximately equal to the horizontal eye diameter), the interspace between the eyes is straight or slightly concave (vs. slightly convex). Most individuals of A. freyhofi have few black pigment cells above the lateral line and usually none below lateral line in most individuals (vs. numerous on the pockets of flank scales) and a shorter caudal peduncle (length 15���17% SL vs. 17���23). Description. For general appearances see Fig. 4. Morphometric and meristic data are provided in Table 2 ���3. Body deep, slightly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile convex, ventral profile approximately equal to dorsal profile. Distance between pelvic-fin origin and anal-fin origin 1.0���1.3 times in distance between pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin. Head short, approximately 0.8���0.9 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal snout profile straight or slightly convex, interorbital area flat or slightly concave. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���1.6 times in its length. Snout tip rounded, snout shorter than eye diameter and interorbital distance. Mouth terminal, with a small chin in most individuals. Tip of both lips equally projecting or upper lip slightly longer than lower lip. Tip of mouth cleft approximately on level of mid-point of pupil. Ventral keel well developed, completely scaleless (Fig. 2 e). Largest known specimen 93 mm SL. Lateral-line with 44���53 scales, 9���11 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin and 4���6 scale rows between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 1���2 + 4���5 = 5���7. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8�����9�� branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 14���16 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, outer margin convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 14�����16�� branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin deeply forked, lobes pointed. Pharyngeal teeth 2.4���5.2, markedly hooked at tip and not serrated below. Total vertebrae 40 (5), 41 (10) and 42 (5), predorsal vertebrae 13 (12) and 14 (8), abdominal vertebrae 20 (17) and 21 (3) and caudal vertebrae 20 (6), 21 (11) and 22 (3). Abdominal region equal or shorter than caudal region, and difference between abdominal and caudal numbers varies from +1 to -2. Vertebral formulae 20+20 (5), 20+21 (9), 20+22 (3), 21+20 (1) and 21+21 (2). Sexual dimorphism. There are small tubercles on the head and anal-fin rays in males. Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles greyish to yellowish on back and upper part of flank, whitish or yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. Spots along lateral-line above and below pores distinct along complete flank in most individuals. A dark-grey stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex, its width equal or greater than eye diameter, indistinct in anterior part of body and distinct in posterior part of body. There are no or very few black pigment cells on pockets of flank scale in most individuals. Caudal and dorsal fins dark-grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Few black pigment cells on all fin rays. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides freyhofi is known from the Kızılırmak River drainages. See Fig. 1 for a map of the findings of this species. It inhabits swift and clear flowing water with cobble and pebbles. Etymology. The species is named for J��rg Freyhof (Berlin) for his contribution to the knowledge of the ichthyofaunal of the Middle East. A noun in genitive, indeclinable., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Bekta��, Yusuf & Ekmek��i, F. G��ler, 2017, Three new species of Alburnoides from the southern Black Sea basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 565-577 in Zootaxa 4242 (3) on pages 569-573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/376970

Alburnoides kosswigi, new species (Fig. 5) Holotype. FFR 0 1064, 80 mm SL; Turkey: K��tahya prov.: stream Porsuk about 3 km south of Hacıazizler, 39��20'59"N, 30��02'17"E; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 17 Aug. 2014. Paratypes. FFR 0 1135, 39, 40���61 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 0 1107, 25, 41���82 mm SL; Turkey: Eskişehir prov.: stream Porsuk about 7 km south of Sazak, 39��43'26"N, 31��37'09"E; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 0 4 Sep. 2012. ��� FFR 0 1133, 52, 48���97 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: stream Kirmir about 2 km south of Yeşil��z, 40��14'13"N, 32��15'43"E; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 4 Sep. 2014. ��� FFR 0 1060, 27, 33���72 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: stream İlhanlı about 2 km south of İlhank��y, 40��05'38"N, 32��14'53"E; D. Turan, 15 June 2005. Diagnosis. Alburnoides kosswigi is distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1-3 scale covering the anterior part of the keel [Fig. 2 f] (vs. covered by (2) 3���5 scales [Fig. 2 b]). Alburnoides kosswigi has fewer branched anal-fin rays (11�����13��, rarely 14�� vs. 13�����15��) and fewer abdominal vertebrae (20���21 vs. vs. 21���22) than A. fasciatus. In Alburnoides kosswigi, the tip of the upper lip is slightly projecting beyond lower lip (vs. not projecting in A. fasciatus). Alburnoides kosswigi is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1-3 scale covering the anterior part of the keel [Fig. 2 f] (vs. covered by 5���7 scales [Fig. 2 c]). Also, A. kosswigi has a deeper body (body depth dorsal-fin origin 26���31% SL, mean 29 vs. 24���27, mean 25) and a wider interorbital distance (7���10% SL, mean 9 vs. 6���8, mean 7). In A. kosswigi, the interorbital distance is wider than the eye diameter and the snout length (vs. snout length equal to interorbital distance but smaller than eye diameter). Alburnoides kosswigi also has a deeper anal-fin (18���21% SL, 20.1 vs. 17���19, mean 17.7) and a longer pelvic-fin (16���20% SL, mean 18.1 vs. 14���17, mean 16.2). Alburnoides kosswigi is distinguished from A. manyasensis by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1-3 scale covering the anterior part of the keel [Fig. 2 f] (vs. covered by (2) 3��� 5 scales [Fig. 2 d]) and a more slender caudal peduncle (9���11% SL vs. 11���12). In A. kosswigi, the upper lip is slightly projecting beyond the lower lip in most specimens (vs. not projecting) and the interorbital distance is greater than eye diameter (vs. smaller than eye diameter). Alburnoides kosswigi is distinguished from A. kurui by having fewer gill rakers (5���7 vs. 7���9), fewer scale rows between the lateral-line and the anal-fin origin (3���5 vs. 5���7), fewer branched anal-fin rays (11���14�� vs. 13���15��), fewer total vertebrae (39���42 vs. 42���43) and fewer caudal vertebrae (19���21 vs. 21���22). In A. kosswigi, the eye diameter is greater than the snout length (vs. almost equal) and the body depth at the dorsal-fin origin is 0.9���1.0 times in the head length (vs. 0.8���0.9). Alburnoides kosswigi is distinguished from A. freyhofi by having a more slender body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 0.9���1.0 times in head length vs. 0.8���0.9) and a longer caudal peduncle (17���22% SL vs. 14���18). Alburnoides kosswigi has fewer branched anal-fin rays (11���13��, rarely 14�� vs. 14���16��) and a shorter anal-fin base (16���20% SL vs. 20���25). In A. kosswigi, the upper lip is slightly projecting beyond the lower lip in most individuals (vs. not projecting). Description. For general appearance see Fig. 5. Morphometric and meristic data are provided in Table 2 ���3. Body moderately deep, slightly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile slightly convex, ventral profile equal or less convex than dorsal profile. Distance between pelvic-fin origin and anal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in distance between pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin. Head 0.9���1.0 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin, interorbital area and snout slightly convex. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.8���2.2 times in its length. Snout short and with slightly pointed tip, snout length smaller than both eye diameter and interorbital distance. Mouth terminal in most individuals, without chin. Tip of upper lip slightly projecting beyond lower lip in most individuals. Tip of mouth cleft approximately at level of middle of pupil or slightly above. Ventral keel well developed, scaleless or rarely 1��� 3 scales covering anterior portion of keel (Fig. 2 f). Largest known specimen 97 mm SL. Lateral-line with 43���57 scales, 8���12 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin and 3���5 scale rows between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 1���2 + 4���6 = 5���7 on outer side of first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8�����9�� branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13���15 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex or convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 6���7 branched rays, outer margin convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 11�����13�� (14��) branched rays, outer margin concave posteriorly. Caudal-fin moderately forked, lobes slightly rounded. Pharyngeal teeth 2.5���4.2, markedly hooked at tip not serrated. Total vertebrae 39 (1), 40 (15), 41 (8) and 42 (4), predorsal vertebrae 13 (13) and 14 (15), abdominal vertebrae 20 (13) and 21 (15) and caudal vertebrae 19 (2), 20 (22) and 21 (4). Abdominal region equal or longer than caudal region, and difference between abdominal and caudal numbers varies from zero to +1. Vertebral formulae 20+19 (1), 20+20 (13), 21+20 (11) and 21+21 (3). Sexual dimorphism. Male with small tubercles on scales, head and rays of anal and dorsal fins. Coloration. Formalin-preserved individuals brownish on back and upper part of flank, light yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct in anterior part of flank, indistinct on caudal peduncle in most individuals. A distinct narrow black stripe on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to caudal peduncle, its width smaller than eye diameter. Very few pigment cells on pockets of flank scale in most individuals. Caudal, dorsal and anal fins grey; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish. Numerous black pigment cells on all fin rays. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides kosswigi is known from the Sakarya River drainage. See Fig. 1 for a map of the findings of this species. It inhabits swift and clear flowing water with cobble and pebbles. Etymology. The species is named for Curt Kosswig (Hamburg & Istanbul), the father of ichthyology in Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Bekta��, Yusuf & Ekmek��i, F. G��ler, 2017, Three new species of Alburnoides from the southern Black Sea basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 565-577 in Zootaxa 4242 (3) on pages 573-575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/376970

Alburnoides kurui, new species (Fig. 3) Holotype. FFR 0 1041, 90 mm SL; Turkey: Ordu prov.: stream Tifi at G��k��ebayır; 40��47'57"N, 36��43'50"E; Ş. Akın, 0 3 Sep. 2012. Paratypes. FFR 0 1104, 18, 60���90 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 0 1126, 43, 40���82 mm SL; Turkey: Samsun prov.: stream Tersakan at Havza; 40��59'23"N, 35��43'03"E; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 0 5 Sep. 2014. ��� FFR 0 1097, 5, 55���65 mm SL; Turkey: Tokat prov.: Yeşilırmak south of Umutlu; 40��45'44"N, 36��29'11"E; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Bay��elebi, 20 Sep. 2012. Diagnosis. Alburnoides kurui is distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1 scale covering the anterior part of the keel ([Fig. 2 a] vs. covered by (2) 3���5 scales [Fig.2 b]). It also distinguished from A. fasciatus by having less predorsal vertebrae (13���14 vs. 14��� 15) and less abdominal vertebrae (20���21 vs. 21���22). Alburnoides kurui also has more scale rows between the lateral-line and the anal-fin origin (5���7 vs. 4���5) Alburnoides kurui is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1 scale covering the anterior part of the keel [Fig. 2 a] (vs. covered by 5���7 scales [Fig. 2 c]). In addition, A. kurui distinguished from A. tzanevi by having more lateral-line scales (50���59 vs. 43���52), more branched anal-fin rays (13�����15�� vs. 11�����12��), more scale rows between the lateral-line and the dorsal-fin origin (10���12 vs. 9���10), more scale rows between the lateral-line and the anal-fin origin (5���7 vs. 4) and more total vertebrae (42���43 vs. 40���42). Alburnoides kurui has a deeper body than A. tzanevi (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 27���32% SL vs. 24���27), a greater predorsal length (54���58% SL vs. 51���54), a greater interorbital distance (8���10% SL vs. 6���8) and a deeper anal-fin (19���23% SL vs. 17���19). Alburnoides kurui is distinguished from A. manyasensis by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic base and the anus, rarely with 1 scale covering the anterior part of the keel [Fig. 2 a] (vs. covered by (2) 3���5 scales [Fig. 2 d]). Alburnoides kurui also has more branched anal-fin rays (13���15�� vs. 10���12��), more scale rows between the lateral-line and the anal-fin origin (5���7 vs. 4���5) and more total vertebrae (42���43 vs. 40���42). Alburnoides kurui also has a greater interorbital distance (8���10% SL vs. 7���8). In Alburnoides kurui, the interorbital distance is greater than the eye diameter (vs. eye diameter greater than interorbital distance). Description. For general appearance see Fig. 3. Morphometric and meristic data are provided in Table 2 ���3. Body moderately deep and slightly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile convex, ventral profile less convex than dorsal profile. Distance between pelvic-fin origin and anal-fin origin 1.1���1.5 times in distance between pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin. Head short, approximately 0.8���0.9 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin, dorsal snout profile slightly convex, interspace between the eyes convex. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���2.2 times in its length. Snout tip slightly pointed, snout length almost equal to eye diameter but shorter than interorbital width. Mouth slightly subterminal in most individuals. Tip of upper lip slightly projecting beyond lower lip; ventral keel well-developed and scaleless or with rarely 1 scale covering the anterior part of the keel (Fig. 2 a). Largest known specimen 90 mm SL. Lateral-line with 50���59 scales, 10���12 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin and 5���7 scale rows between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 1���2 + 5���7 = 7���9 on outer side of first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�����8�� branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13���15 branched rays, outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 6���7 branched rays, outer margin convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 13�����15�� branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin forked, lobes pointed. Pharyngeal teeth 2.4���5.2, markedly hooked at tip and not serrated below. Total vertebrae 42 (13) and 43 (2), predorsal vertebrae 13 (6) and 14 (9), abdominal vertebrae 20 (2) and 21 (13) and caudal vertebrae 21 (11) and 22 (4). Abdominal region equal or shorter than caudal region, and difference between abdominal and caudal numbers varies from +1 to -2. Vertebral formulae 20+22 (1), 21+21 (11) and 21+22 (13). Sexual dimorphism. There are numerous small tubercles on head in males and anal-fin rays. Coloration. Formalin-preserved individuals grey to yellowish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct in anterior part of flank but faded on caudal peduncle in most individuals. A black stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex, its width equal or smaller than eye diameter. Numerous very small black spots on pockets of flank scale in most individuals. Caudal and dorsal fins dark-grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Few or numerous black pigment cells on all fin rays. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides kurui is known from the Yeşilırmak River drainage. See Fig. 1 for a map of the findings of this species. It inhabits swift and clear flowing water with cobble and pebbles. Etymology. The species is named for Mustafa Kuru (Ankara) for his contribution to the knowledge of the ichthyofaunal of Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Bekta��, Yusuf & Ekmek��i, F. G��ler, 2017, Three new species of Alburnoides from the southern Black Sea basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 565-577 in Zootaxa 4242 (3) on pages 567-569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/376970

Gobio baliki, new species (Fig. 1) Holotype: FFR 0 5966, 92 mm SL, male; Turkey: D��zce prov.: stream Asar at Kaynaşlı, 40��46'52"N 31��16'37"E, C. Kaya & İ. Aksu, 0 6 October 2016. Paratypes: FFR 0 5962, 21, 48���90 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FFR 0 5961, 14, 62���93 mm SL; Turkey: D��zce prov.: stream Aksu at G��lyaka, 40��45'50"N 30��57'46"E, C. Kaya & İ. Aksu, 0 6 October 2016.��� FFR 0 5967, 5, 66���82 mm SL; Turkey: D��zce prov.: stream Asar at Yenitaşk��pr��, 40��50'08"N 31��06'35"E, C. Kaya, İ. Aksu & Y. Bektaş 14 July 2016. Diagnosis. Gobio baliki is distinguished from all other Gobio species in the Marmara and Turkish Black Sea basin by having a greater distance between the anus and the anal-fin origin (7���10% SL vs. 4���7) and the depth of anal-fin being approximately equal to the length of pelvic-fin (vs. depth of anal-fin greater than length of pelvic-fin in all other species). Gobio baliki is further distinguished from G. sakaryaensis by having 5���6 scales between the posterior extremity of the pelvic-fin base and the anus (vs. 6���8), a more slender body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 18���22% SL vs. 22���27), the midlateral blotches separated from each other (vs. blotches not separated, especially in individuals larger than 70 mm SL) and the snout with a pointed tip (vs. tip blunt). Gobio baliki is also distinguished from G. kizilirmakensis by having less scales between the posterior extremity of the pelvic-fin base and the anus (5���6 vs. 8���10), a greater distance between the pectoral-fin origin and the anal-fin origin (47���52% SL vs. 43���47), the postorbital distance being 1.0���1.2 times in snout length (vs. 1.3���1.6) and scales on the belly being greater than the pupil (vs. smaller). Gobio baliki has 6���8 blotches on the back and upper part of flank (vs. 10���15 in G. kizilirmakensis) and a pointed snout (vs. blunt). Gobio baliki further differs from G. kovatschevi by having a greater distance between the pectoral-fin origin and the anal-fin origin (47���52% SL vs. 43���47), a more slender snout (snout depth at nostrils 8���10% SL vs. 10���11), a longer postorbital distance (1.0���1.2 times snout length vs. 0.9���1.0), and no black, irregular shaped spots on the top of the head in most individuals (vs. presence in most individuals). Gobio baliki is further distinguished from G. artvinicus by having a greater distance between the pectoral-fin origin and the anal-fin origin (47���52% SL vs. 44���48) and more mid-lateral blotches (8���9, vs. 7���8). In G. baliki, the breast is completely covered by scales and scales are extending slightly behind the isthmus (vs. scales extending forward to half-distance between pectoral fin and isthmus). Gobio baliki is further distinguished from G. bulgaricus by having a shorter head (24���28% SL, vs. 28���30), a greater distance between the pectoral-fin origin and the anal-fin origin (47���52% SL, vs. 44���47), the interorbital distance being 1.5���1.9 times in the eye diameter (vs. 1.1���1.3) and having more mid-lateral blocks blotches (8���9 vs. 6���8). Description. General appearance is shown in Fig. 1; morphometric data are given in Table 2. Body slender, slightly compressed. Predorsal profile convex, postdorsal profile slightly concave and ventral profile straight or slightly convex. Head short, dorsal profile straight at interorbital area, slightly convex in front of nostril, slightly concave at nostril. Snout with pointed tip, its length equal to or smaller than the postorbital distance. Mouth inferior, horseshoe-shaped. Length of mouth gape smaller than its width. Barbels short, reaching to vertical of mid point of pupil. Interorbital width 8���9% SL, 1.4���2.1 times eye diameter. Anus situated approximately at middle between posterior extremity of pelvic fin base and anal-fin origin (Fig. 2). Largest individual observed 94 mm SL. Lateral line with 40 (6), 41 (12) or 42 (15) scales. 6 (26) or 7 (7) scales rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin. 4 (6) or 5 (27) scales between lateral line and anal-fin origin. 5 (21) or 6 (12) scales between posterior extremity of pelvic fin base and anus. 5 (10) or 6 (23) scales between anus and anal-fin origin. Breast completely scaled, scales extending slightly behind isthmus (Fig. 2). Gill rakers 1���3+2���3=3���6 on outer side of first gill arch. Pharyngeal teeth 5.3���3.5, slightly hooked. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� branched rays, its height approximately equal to pectoral-fin length, distal margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin long, almost reaching 1 to 2 scales in front of pelvic-fin origin in males, 3 or 4 scales in females, distal margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 15���17 branched rays. Pelvic fin long, reaching beyond anus in both sexes, distal margin rounded, with 6���7 branched rays. Anal-fin slender, its depth approximately equal to pelvic-fin length, with 3 simple and 6�� branched rays, distal margin straight or slightly concave posteriorly. Caudal fin long, forked, its lobes slightly rounded. holotype holotype & paratype mean min max SD Standard length (mm) 92 70 92 In percent of standard length Sexual dimorphism. Pectoral fin longer in males than in females. Colouration. Formalin preserved individuals: Back and flank dark grey, whitish on belly, 8���9 midlateral black blotches, usually well separated from each other. On predorsal back, 6���8 black blotches. Pigment cells denser on upper and lower extremities of exposed part of flank scales and few rows of dark grey pigment cell on free margin of flank scales, forming a dark grey net on flank. Pectoral fin yellowish, with 2-3 rows of black spots; pelvic and anal fins yellowish, without or with few small black spots; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, with 3���4 rows of black spot. Distribution and notes on biology. Known only from the B��y��k Melen (Fig. 3) which flows to the Black Sea at Caferiye, 13 km west of Ak��akoca. It inhabits swift flowing water, with cobbled and pebbled bottoms. Etymology. The species is named for S��leyman Balık (İzmir) for his contribution to the knowledge of the ichthyofaunal of Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Aksu, ��smail & Bekta��, Yusuf, 2017, Gobio baliki, a new gudgeon from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Zootaxa 4350 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1053138

Key to species of Gobio in Turkey 1a 8���12 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin base and anus.............................................. 2 1b 4���8 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin base and anus.............................................. 6 2a Diameter of scales on belly approximately equal to pupil diameter...................................... G. insuyanus 2b Diameter of scales on belly clearly smaller than pupil diameter.................................................. 3 3a Scales on breast extending to isthmus...................................................................... 4 3b Scales on breast slightly or not extending beyond a line between pectoral-fin origins................... G. microlepidotus 4a Head length 25���27% SL...................................................................... G. hettitorum 4b Head length 27���29% SL................................................................................ 5 5a Distance between anus and anal fin origin 5���7% SL................................................ G. intermedius 5b Distance between anus and anal fin origin 7���8% SL............................................... G. maeandricus 6a Postorbital length 1.3���1.6 times in snout length................................................. G. kizilirmakensis 6b Postorbital length 0.9���1.3 times in snout length.............................................................. 7 7a Interorbital distance 1.6���2.2 times in eye diameter; pelvic fin not reaching behind anus in females; head profile behind nostrils markedly convex...................................................................................... 8 7b Interorbital distance 1.0���1.6 times in eye diameter; pelvic fin reaching behind anus in females; head profile behind nostrils straight or slightly convex............................................................................... 9 8a Body depth at dorsal-fin origin 23���26% SL..................................................... G. gymnostethus 8b Body depth at dorsal-fin origin 18���22% SL........................................................... G. baliki 9a Breast naked or incompletely scaled, if breast scaled, scales extending forward to level of pectoral fin origin; snout pointed, not or slightly concave anterior to nostril...................................................................... 10 9b Breast completely scaled, scales extending to isthmus; snout rounded, distinctly concave anterior to nostril.............. 11 10a Head length 28���30% SL..................................................................... G. kovatschevi 10b Head length 24���26% SL....................................................................... G. artvinicus 11a 4���5 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin base and anus; interorbital distance 1.1���1.3 times in eye diameter................................................................................................. G. bulgaricus 11b 6���8 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin base and anus; interorbital distance 1.4���1.6 times in eye diameter............................................................................................... G. sakaryaensis, Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Aksu, ��smail & Bekta��, Yusuf, 2017, Gobio baliki, a new gudgeon from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Zootaxa 4350 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1053138

Alburnoides diclensis, new species (Fig. 2 a, b) Holotype. FFR 01118, 78 mm SL; Turkey: Hakkari Prov.: Eziki Stream, Tigris River drainage (37 �� 40 ' 38 " N, 43 �� 51 ' 84 " E); coll. C. Kaya and F. Kaya, 0 4 June 2014. Paratypes. FFR 01119, 35, 53��� 81 mm SL; same data as holotype. FFR 01056, 4, 42- 67 mm SL; Turkey: Hakkari Prov.: Eziki Stream, Tigris River drainage (37 �� 40 ' 38 " N, 43 �� 51 ' 84 " E); coll. C. Kaya and F. Kaya, 0 7 Aug. 2011. FFR 01055, 4, 35��� 72 mm SL; Turkey: Hakkari Prov.: Zap Stream, Tigris River drainage; 37 �� 41 ' 28 " N, 44 ��03' 37 " E; coll. C. Kaya and F. Kaya, 0 7 Aug. 2011. Diagnosis. Alburnoides diclensis is distinguished from all species of Alburnoides in adjacent waters by the following combination of characters (none unique to the species): a poorly developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, completely scaled or rarely without one scale in front of anus; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 25��� 30 % SL; caudal-peduncle depth 11���12 % SL; head length 24���27 % SL, its upper profile convex on snout; mouth terminal, with a marked chin; tip of upper lip not projecting beyond the lower lip (tip of both lips are equal to or upper lip slightly longer than lower lip); snout rounded, its length equal to or greater than eye diameter but smaller than interorbital distance; dark grey stripe clearly distinct on both anterior and posterior part of body but slightly distinct immediately behind the head, its width greater than eye diameter; pigmentation of lateral line distinct along anterior part of body, slightly distinct in posterior part of body; 48���53 lateral-line scales, 9���11 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, 4���6 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin, 7 ����� 9 �� branched dorsalfin rays; 12 ����� 15 �� branched anal-fin rays; pharyngeal teeth 2.5���4.2, markedly hooked; number of total vertebrae 41���42 (mode of 41), comprising 20���21 (mode of 21) abdominal and 20���21 (mode of 21) caudal vertebrae. Description. Maximum known size 81 mm SL. General appearance is shown in Figure 2 a, b; morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 and 2. Body moderately deep and its depth at dorsal-fin origin 3.3 ���4.0 times in SL, markedly compressed laterally. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.7���2.1 times in its length. Dorsal profile convex, ventral profile equal to or slightly convex than dorsal profile. Predorsal length 1.8���1.9 times in SL. Prepelvic length 2.1���2.2 times in SL. Head short, its length smaller than body depth at dorsal-fin origin (head length 0.8 ���1.0 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin), dorsal profile straight or slightly concave at interorbital area, convex on snout. Snout long, with rounded tip, its length greater than eye diameter but smaller than interorbital distance. Mouth terminal, with marked chin, the tip of mouth cleft between level of middle of pupil and lower margin of pupil. The tip of upper lip commonly not projecting beyond the lower lip (tip of both lips are equal or upper lip slightly longer than lower lip). Lower jaw-quadrate junction almost reaching to anterior margin of eye. Dark grey stripe distinct both in anterior and posterior part of body, its width greater than eye diameter. The ventral keel poorly developed, completely scaled or rarely without one scale in front of anus. Lateral line with 48 (3), 49 (6), 50 (6) and 51 (11), 52 (11) and 53 (6) scales; 9 (5), 10 (32) and 11 (6) scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 4 (2), 5 (38) and 6 (3) scales between lateral line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 2 + 4���5 = 6 (16) ��� 7 (4) on left side of first gill arch. Dorsal-fin height 0.9���1.1 times in HL, with 3 simple and 7 �� (2), 8 �� (37) and 9 �� (4) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex, its origin markedly in front of mid-point of pelvic-anal distance. Pectoral fin somewhat long, not reaching pelvic-fin origin, outer margin convex, with 1 simple and 14 (4), 15 (23) and 16 (11) branched rays. Pelvic fin long, almost reaching the origin of anal fin, with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin depth 1.2���1.4 times in HL, with 3 simple and 12 �� (14), 13 �� (25), 14 �� (2) and 15 �� (2) branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal fin long, deeply forked, lobes pointed. Alburnoides diclensis Basin Persian Gulf Basin Drainage Eziki Stream (a drainage of Tigris River) Province Hakkari Number of specimens 30 Pharyngeal teeth 2.5���4.2, markedly hooked. Number of total vertebrae 41 (13) and 42 (10); predorsal vertebrae 13 (8) and 14 (15); abdominal vertebrae 20 (7) and 21 (16), caudal vertebrae 20 (6) and 21 (17); the caudal region approximately equal to the abdominal region, and the difference between the abdominal and caudal counts varies from + 1 to ��� 1, vertebral formulae 20 + 21 (7), 21 + 20 (6) or 21 + 21 (10). Sexual dimorphism. The pectoral fin is longer in the males. In males, it almost reaches to the pelvic-fin origin whereas in the females, it does not approach the pelvic-fin origin (Fig. 2 a, b). Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles light brown on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. Caudal, dorsal and anal fins light grey; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish. Numerous small black spots on rays of dorsal, anal and caudal fins. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct in anterior part of body but indistinct on caudal peduncle in most specimens. A dark grey stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to caudal peduncle, distinct in both anterior and posterior parts of body, its width equal to or slightly greater than eye diameter. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides diclensis is presently known only from the Great Zap and Eziki streams, upper drainages of the Tigris River (Fig. 1). It inhabits swift and clear flowing water, with cobble and pebble substrates. Glyptothorax armeniacus, G. kurdistanicus, Capoeta umbla, Barbus lacerta, Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, Paracobitis zabgawraensis, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, Alburnus mossulensis and Garra rufa have been collected with A. diclensis. Its maximum known size is 81 mm SL. Etymology. The name of the species is derived from the Turkish name (���Dicle���) for the Tigris River., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Bekta��, Yusuf, Kaya, C��neyt & Bay��elebi, Esra, 2016, Alburnoides diclensis (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae), a new species of cyprinid fish from the upper Tigris River, Turkey, pp. 79-87 in Zootaxa 4067 (1) on pages 81-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/270592

Alburnoides emineae, new species (Fig. 2) Holotype. FFR 0 1026, male, 69 mm SL; Turkey: Mardin Prov.: Beyazsu Stream, Euphrates River drainage; 37 �� 10 ��� 21 ������N, 41 �� 16 ��� 13 ������E; coll. C. Kaya and F. Kaya, 10 Aug. 2012. Paratypes. FFR 0 1073, 20, 40���76 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Alburnoides emineae is distinguished from all species of Alburnoides in Turkey and adjacent waters by the following combination of characters (none unique to the species): a well developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, generally scaleless; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 31���36 % SL; caudal-peduncle depth 12���13 % SL and 1.5���1.7 times in SL; predorsal length 56���60 % SL; dorsal-fin origin approximately vertical to mid-point pelvic-anal distance. Mouth terminal, the tip of mouth cleft between level of middle of pupil and lower margin of pupil; snout with slightly pointed tip; dark grey stripe slightly distinct in anterior part of body but clearly distinct in posterior part of body, its width greater than eye diameter; pigmentation of lateral-line distinct along lateral-line in anterior part of body but slightly distinct in posterior part of body (Fig. 2); 37���43 + 1���2 lateralline scales, 9���10 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin, 4���5 scale rows between lateral-line and analfin origin, 13 ����� 15 �� branched anal-fin rays; pharyngeal teeth 4.2 ��� 2.5, markedly hooked; number of total vertebrae 41���42 with mode of 41, comprising 20���21 with mode of 21 abdominal and 20���21 with mode of 20 caudal vertebrae. Description. Maximum known size 76 mm SL. General appearance is shown in Figure 2; morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 and 2. Body deep and markedly compressed laterally. Caudal-peduncle deep, its depth about 1.5���1.7 times in its length. Dorsal profile markedly convex with a slight hump behind head in specimens larger than approximately 50 mm SL; ventral profile equal or slightly more convex than dorsal profile. Predorsal length 1.7���1.8 times in SL. Prepelvic length 1.9���2.1 times in SL. Head long and deep, its dorsal profile straight or slightly concave at interorbital area, markedly convex at snout. Snout long, with slightly pointed tip, its length slightly smaller than eye diameter and interorbital width. Mouth terminal, with very slightly marked chin. The tip of mouth cleft approximately level with the middle of pupil or slightly below. The ventral keel well developed, commonly scaleless (in 18 specimens) or with 1���2 scales on anterior part (in 4 specimens). Lateral-line with 39 (1), 40 (1), 41 (1), 42 (2), 43 (4), 44 (4) and 45 (7) scales; 9 (9) and 10 (11) scales rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin; 4 (3) and 5 (17) scales between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 2 + 4���5 = 6 (11) ��� 7 (9) on first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple, 8 �� (16) or 9 �� (4) branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex, its origin approximately at mid-point of pelvic-anal distance. Pectoral fin long, reaching pelvic-fin origin or slightly behind, outer margin straight, with 1 simple and 13 (1), 14 (17) and 15 (2) branched rays. Pelvic fin long, reaching the origin of anal fin, with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin deep, with 3 simple and 13 �� (10), 14 �� (9) and 15 �� (1) branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin long, deeply forked, lobes pointed. Pharyngeal teeth 4.2 ��� 2.5, markedly hooked. Number of total vertebrae 41 (16) or 42 (4); predorsal vertebrae 14 (6), 15 (13) or 16 (1); number of abdominal vertebrae 20 (2) or 21 (18), and caudal vertebrae 20 (14) and 21 (6); the abdominal region longer than the caudal region, and the difference between the abdominal and caudal numbers varies from + 1 to ��� 1, vertebral formulae 20 + 21 (2), 21 + 20 (12) or 21 + 21 (4). Sexual dimorphism. There are small tubercles on rays of the anal, pelvic and pectoral fins in males. The pelvic fin of the male is longer than that of the female. Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles are grayish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. Caudal, dorsal and anal fins light grey; pectoral, and pelvic fins yellowish. There are small black specks on rays of dorsal, anal and caudal fins. Spots along lateral-line above and below pores distinct in anterior part of body but indistinct on caudal peduncle in most specimens. Dark grey stripe (its width approximately equal to eye diameter) on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to caudal peduncle, slightly distinct in anterior body but clearly distinct in posterior body, its width smaller than eye diameter. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides emineae is presently known only from the Beyazsu Stream, drainage of Euphrates River, Persian Gulf basin (Fig. 1). It inhabits swift and clear flowing water over cobble and pebbles. Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843); Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843; Oxynoemacheilus sp., Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843, Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) and Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 have been collected with A. emineae. Its maximum known size is 78 mm SL. Etymology. The species is named for Emine Turan, the beloved mother of the first author., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Ekmek��i, F. G��ler & Do��an, Esra, 2014, Three new species of Alburnoides (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Euphrates River, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 101-116 in Zootaxa 3754 (2) on pages 103-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3754.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/227994, {"references":["Heckel, J. J. (1843) Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Erster Band. Reise in Griechenland, Unteregypten, im nordlichen Syrien und sudostlichen Kleinasien. Teil 2. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 991 - 1099."]}

Alburnoides velioglui, sp. n. (Fig. 3) Holotype. FFR 0 1094, male, 79 mm SL; Turkey: Erzurum Prov.: Sırlı Stream, Euphrates River drainage; 40 �� 12 ��� 34 ������N, 41 ��04���00������E, coll. D. Turan, Y. Saral and M. ��elik, 17 Apr. 2004. Paratypes. FFR 0 1043, 15, 52���88 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 0 1036, 8, 30���83 mm SL; Turkey: Erzurum Prov.: Toprakkale Stream, Euphrates River drainage; D. Turan, Y. Saral and M. ��elik, 0 3 Aug. 2007. ��� FFR 0 1106, 20, 51���88 mm SL; Turkey: Malatya Prov.: Sultansuyu Stream, Euphrates River drainage; D. Turan, E. Doğan and C. Kaya, 19 Oct. 2013. Additional material (non types). FFR 0 1105, 7, 50���69 mm SL; Turkey: Erzurum Prov.: Karasu Stream, Euphrates River drainage; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Doğan, 8 Aug. 2013. ��� FFR 0 1096, 5, 58���67 mm SL; Turkey: Sivas Prov.: Divriği Stream, Euphrates River drainage; D. Turan, C. Kaya and E. Doğan, 10 Aug. 2013. ��� FFR 0 1029, 2, 67���85 mm SL; Turkey: Tunceli Prov.: Munzur Stream, Euphrates River drainage; D. Turan, Y. Saral and M. ��elik, 12 Aug. 2013. Diagnosis. Alburnoides velioglui is distinguished from all species of Alburnoides in Turkey and adjacent waters by the following combination of characters (none unique to the species): a poorly developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, completely scaled; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 24���29 % SL; caudal-peduncle depth 10���12 % SL and 1.9���2.2 times in its length; predorsal length 48���55 % SL; mouth terminal, the tip of the mouth cleft between level of lower margin of pupil and lower margin of eye; the tip of upper lip not projecting beyond the lower lip (tip of both lips are equal) in most specimens; snout with rounded tip; dark grey stripe distinct on anterior and posterior parts of body; pigmentation of lateral-line distinct (Fig. 3); 45���53 + 1���2 lateral-line scales, 9���11 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin, 4���5 scale rows between lateral-line and anal-fin origin, 11 ����� 13 �� branched anal-fin rays; pharyngeal teeth 5.1 ��� 2.4 or 5.2 ��� 2.4, markedly hooked; number of total vertebrae 41���42 with mode of 42 (including 4 Weberian vertebrae and last complex centrum), comprising 20���22 with mode of 21 abdominal, and 20���21 with mode of 21 caudal vertebrae. Description. General appearance is shown in Figure 3; morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 and 2. Body moderately deep and slightly compressed laterally. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.9���2.2 times in its length. Dorsal profile slightly convex, ventral profile equal or less convex than dorsal profile. Predorsal length 1.8���2.1 times in SL. Prepelvic length 2.0��� 2.2 times in SL. Head short, approximately 0.9 ���1.0 times body depth at dorsal fin origin, dorsal profile slightly convex at interorbital area, markedly convex at snout. Snout somewhat short, with rounded tip, approximately equal to eye diameter and smaller than interorbital width. Mouth terminal, with slightly marked chin. The tip of the mouth cleft approximately on level of lower margin of pupil or slightly below. The ventral keel poorly developed, completely scaled. Lateral-line with 46 (1), 47 (3), 48 (5), 49 (6), 50 (5), 51 (1), 52 (1), 53 (2) or 55 (1) scales; 9 (4), 10 (15) or 11 (6) scales rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin; 4 (10) or 5 (15) scales between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 1���2 + 3���4 = 5���6 on first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8 �� (22) and 9 �� (3) branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex, its origin in front of vertical at mid-point of pelvic-anal distance. Pectoral fin short, not reaching pelvic-fin origin, outer margin convex, with 1 simple and 12 (1), 13 (9) or 14 (15) branched rays. Pelvic-fin short, not reaching the origin of anal-fin but reaching anus, with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, outer margin convex. Anal fin slender, with 3 simple and 11 �� (7), 12 �� (16) or 13 (2) branched rays, outer margin slightly concave posteriorly. Caudal-fin moderately forked, lobes slightly rounded. Pharyngeal teeth 5.1 ��� 2.4 or 5.2 ��� 2.4, markedly hooked. Number of total vertebrae 41 (2) or 42 (18); predorsal vertebrae 13 (8), 14 (11) or 15 (1); number of abdominal vertebrae 20 (2), 21 (13) or 22 (5), and that of caudal vertebrae 20 (4) or 21 (16); the abdominal region equal or longer than the caudal region, and the difference between the abdominal and caudal numbers varies from + 2 to ��� 1; vertebral formulae 22 + 20 (4), 21 + 21 (14) or 20 + 21 (2). Its maximum known size is 88 mm SL. Sexual dimorphism. There are small tubercles on membrane of anal and pelvic fins in males. The length of the paired fins does not show a statistically significant difference between males and females as it often does in other Alburnoides species. Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles brownish on back and upper part of flank, light brownish on lower part of flank and belly. Caudal and dorsal fins light grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Pigmentation of lateral-line is distinct on both anterior and posterior parts of body. There is a narrow dark grey stripe (its width smaller than eye diameter) on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to caudal peduncle, distinct anteriorly and posteriorly. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides velioglui is known only from the northern Euphrates drainage (Sırlı and Toprakkale streams [drainages of Karasu] and Karasu Stream]) (Fig. 1). It inhabits swift and clear flowing water with cobble and pebbles. Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843); Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843; Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843, Oxynoemacheilus sp., and Salmo sp. have been collected with A. velioglui. Etymology. The species is named for Hasan Basri Velioğlu, Medical Doctor, who eased and contributed to our earlier and present studies by radiography., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Ekmek��i, F. G��ler & Do��an, Esra, 2014, Three new species of Alburnoides (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Euphrates River, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 101-116 in Zootaxa 3754 (2) on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3754.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/227994, {"references":["Heckel, J. J. (1843) Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Erster Band. Reise in Griechenland, Unteregypten, im nordlichen Syrien und sudostlichen Kleinasien. Teil 2. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 991 - 1099."]}

Alburnoides recepi, new species (Fig. 4) Holotype. FFR 0 1101, 65 mm SL; Turkey: Gaziantep Prov.: Merzimen Stream, Euphrates River drainage; 37 �� 24 ��� 57 ������N, 37 �� 43 ���06������E; 10 Aug. 2005, R. Buyurucu, Z. Bostancı, Ş. G. Kırankaya and D. Turan. Paratypes. FFR 0 1050, 47, 43���76 mm SL; CMK 20317, 6, 49.4���60.4 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Alburnoides recepi is distinguished from all the species of Alburnoides in Turkey and adjacent waters by the following combination of characters (none unique to the species): a well developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, completely scaleless; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29���34 % SL; caudal-peduncle depth 10���12 % SL and 1.5���1.9 times in its length; predorsal length 54���57 % SL; mouth slightly superior, the tip of the mouth cleft between level of middle of pupil and upper margin of pupil; dark grey stripe slightly distinct on anterior and posterior parts of body; Pigmentation of lateral-line is distinct anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 4); 47��� 56 + 2���3 lateral-line scales, 10���12 scale rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin, 4���5 scale rows between lateral-line and anal-fin origin, 13 ����� 16 �� branched anal-fin rays; pharyngeal teeth 5.2 ��� 2.4, markedly hooked; number of total vertebrae 38���40, comprising 19���21 abdominal and 18���20 caudal vertebrae. Description. General appearance is shown in Figure 4; morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 and 2. Body deep and markedly compressed laterally. Caudal-peduncle slender and approximately 1.5���1.9 times in its length. Dorsal profile slightly convex, ventral profile more arched than dorsal profile. Predorsal length 1.8���2.1 times in SL. Prepelvic length 2.0��� 2.2 times in SL. Head deep and somewhat long, dorsal profile slightly convex at snout. Snout short, with pointed tip, smaller than eye diameter and about equal to interorbital width. Mouth slightly superior, without chin. The tip of the mouth cleft approximately at level of middle of pupil or above. Ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins well developed, completely scaleless. Lateral-line with 49 (2), 50 (3), 51 (1), 52 (10), 53 (3), 54 (6), 55 (4), 56 (3), 57 (1) or 58 (1) scales; 10 (3), 11 (24) or 12 (7) scales rows between lateral-line and dorsal-fin origin; 4 (10) or 5 (24) scales between lateral-line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 2���3 + 7���8 = 9���10 on first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7 �� (2) and 8 �� (32) branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex, its origin at vertical in front of mid-point of pelvic-anal distance. Pectoral fin short, reaching pelvic-fin origin or slightly behind, outer margin slightly convex, with 1 simple and 13 (28)��� 14 (6) branched rays, reaching behind pelvic-fin origin in male but only reaching to pelvic-fin origin in female. Pelvic fin reaching behind anal-fin origin in male, to anus in female, with 1 simple and 7���8 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 13 �� (7), 14 �� (16), 15 �� (9) or 16 �� (2) branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin short, deeply forked and lobes pointed. Pharyngeal teeth 5.2 ��� 2.4, markedly hooked. Number of total vertebrae 38 (3), 39 (16) or 40 (5); predorsal vertebrae 14 (10) or 15 (14); number of abdominal vertebrae 19 (3), 20 (19) or 21 (1), and that of caudal vertebrae 18 (2), 19 (18) or 20 (4); the abdominal region usually longer than the caudal region, and the difference between the abdominal and caudal numbers varies from + 2 to ��� 1; vertebral formulae commonly 20 + 18 (1), 20 + 19 (14), 19 + 19 (2) or 20 + 19 (1). Its maximum known size is 65 mm SL. Sexual dimorphism. There are small tubercles on membrane of anal fins in males. The paired fins of the male are longer than those of the female. Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles from light brown to dark brown on back and flank, yellowish on belly. Caudal, dorsal and anal fins dark grey; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish. There are small black specks on rays of dorsal, anal and caudal fins. Pigmentation of lateral-line is distinctanteriorly and posteriorly. Narrow, slightly distinct dark stripe anteriorly and posteriorly on body, its width usually smaller than the eye diameter. Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides recepi is known only from the Merzimen Stream, drainage of Euphrates River, Persian Gulf basin (Fig. 1). It inhabits swift and clear flowing water over cobble and pebbles. Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843), Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843, Squalius sp., Oxynoemacheilus sp,. Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) have been collected with Alburnoides recepi. Etymology. The species is named for Recep Buyurucu, who has contributed greatly to our sampling for many years., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Ekmek��i, F. G��ler & Do��an, Esra, 2014, Three new species of Alburnoides (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Euphrates River, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 101-116 in Zootaxa 3754 (2) on pages 108-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3754.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/227994, {"references":["Heckel, J. J. (1843) Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Erster Band. Reise in Griechenland, Unteregypten, im nordlichen Syrien und sudostlichen Kleinasien. Teil 2. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 991 - 1099."]}

Squalius kottelati, new species (Fig. 1) Leuciscus lepidus Heckel, 1843: Gruvel, 1931: 294 (Orontes River) Leuciscus lepidus Heckel, 1843: Kosswig & Battalgil, 1943: 22 (Orontes River) Leuciscus lepidus Heckel, 1843: Ladiges, 1960: 122 (Orontes River) Leuciscus lepidus Heckel, 1843: Yal��ın, 1997: 4 (Orontes River) Leuciscus lepidus Heckel, 1843: Bogutskaya, 1997: 173 (Orontes River) Holotype: FFR 1991, 126 mm SL, Turkey: Gaziantep Prov.: Orontes River drainage, Tahtak��pr�� Reservoir; D. Turan & S. Engin, 15 July 2007. Paratypes: FFR 1567, 13, 130 ��� 203 mm SL; same data as holotype. FRR 768, 5, 93���153 mm SL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş Prov.: Ceyhan River; Menzelet Reservoir; Ge��it Stream on road from Kahramanmaraş to Andırın; D. Turan, Z. Bostancı & Ş. G. Kırankaya, June 2005. - FRR 769, 5, 197 ��� 218 mm SL; Turkey, Adana Prov.: Seyhan Reservoir; D. Turan & Z. Bostancı, 20 June 2005. Diagnosis. Squalius kottelati is a member of the S. lepidus group, diagnosed by an elongate and pointed head with projecting lower jaw and the posteriorly expanded lateral portions of the parietals (Bogutskaya 1994). Squalius kottelati is distinguished from the other species of the genus Squalius in Turkey and adjacent basins by having a conspicuous broad, dark stripe on the upper part of the flank from the head to the end of the caudal peduncle (vs. absent or very faintly marked, except in S. lepidus). It differs from S. lepidus by having a longer head (28.3���30.9, vs. 25.3���27.3 % SL), fewer scales in lateral line (total 45���47, vs. 48���49) and fewer gill rakers on the outer side of first gill arch (9���10, vs. 11���13). It also differs from S. anatolicus by having more scales in lateral line (45���47, mode 46, vs. 43���45, mode 44); a longer caudal fin (length of upper lobe: 20.3���22.5, vs. 15.8 ���19.0 % SL). Other characters useful for identification are: snout pointed in males, slightly rounded in females; anal fin with 8���9 �� branched rays, its outer margin straight or slightly convex, with light-brown pigments on rays. Description. General appearance is shown in Figure 1; morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 and 2. Body slender, slightly compressed laterally, depth at dorsal-fin origin 20.7���25.1 % SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex, with a hump at nape; dorsal profile more convex than ventral profile. Head long, slender, its length 1.2���1.4 times body depth; dorsal profile straight on interorbital area, concave on snout. Snout short, its length 26.8���29.8 % HL, slender, narrower, tip slightly pointed. Mouth slightly superior, long, narrow, angle of gape reaching vertical through anterior margin of eye. Lower jaw markedly longer than upper jaw, especially in specimens larger than 180 mm SL. Eyes large, diameter 15.8���19.5 % HL. Interorbital area narrow, its width 27.9���31.9 % HL. Maximum known size 203 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8 �� branched rays, approximately equal to pectoral-fin length, distal margin straight, origin markedly behind vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Pectoral-fin distal margin straight, with 16���17 branched rays. Pelvic-fin distal margin straight, with 1 simple and 8 branched rays. Anal fin with 3 simple and 8���9 �� branched rays; distal margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin long, length of upper lobe 20.3���22.5 % SL, markedly forked, lobe tips pointed. Lateral line with 45 (3), 46 (8) or 47 (3) scales; 7 (9) or 8 (5) scales rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 3 (4) or 4 (10) scales between lateral line and anal-fin origin. Gill rakers 3 + 6���7 = 9���10 on outer side of first gill arch. Vertebrae 23 + 19 = 42 (6) or 24 + 19 = 43 (8). Pharyngeal teeth 5.2 ��� 2.5, markedly hooked, serrated. The snout of males is more pointed than that of females. Coloration. Formalin-preserved adults and juveniles dorsally dark grey, grayish on flank, whitish on belly; a conspicuous broad, dark stripe on upper part of flank from head to end of caudal peduncle. Caudal fin dark grey. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Light-brown pigments on dorsal and anal-fin rays. Scales with a dark spot on scale pocket, especially in specimens larger than 180 mm SL; faintly marked to distinct dark edge along posterior margin; usually with one or two rows of large black pigments on posterior margin of scales of flank and dorsum. Etymology. The species is named for Maurice Kottelat, fish taxonomist, in appreciation for his contributions to knowledge of the fish faunas of Europe and Asia. Distribution. Squalius kottelati is presently known only from Tahtalık��pr�� reservoir in the drainage of Orontes River, drainages of Ceyhan and Seyhan rivers (Fig. 2). Capoeta barroisi has been collected together with S. kottelati. Lateral-line scales Species N 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 mean S. lepidus 10 - - - - - 6 4 48.4 S. anatolicus 14 4 6 4 - - - - 44.0 S. kottelati 14 - - 3 8 3 - - 46.0 Transverse-line scales Above lateral line Below lateral line N 7 8 9 10 11 Mean 3 4 5 6 mean S. lepidus 10 - 10 - - - 10.0 2 8 - - 3.8 S. anatolicus 14 5 9 - - - 7.6 8 6 - - 3.5 S. kottelati 14 9 5 - - - 7.4 4 10 - - 3.7 Branched dorsal-fin rays Pectoral-fin rays Branched anal-fin rays N 7 8 9 mean 16 17 mean 8 9 10 mean S. lepidus 10 - 1 - 8 2 8 16.8 - 6 4 9.4 S. anatolicus 14 2 9 3 8.1 9 5 16.4 2 10 2 9.0 S. kottelati 14 - 14 - 14 8 6 16.4 6 8 - 8.6 Gill rakers N 8 9 10 11 12 13 mean S. lepidus 10 - - - 6 2 2 11.6 S. anatolicus 14 3 7 4 - - - 9.1 S. kottelati 14 - 4 10 - - - 9.7, Published as part of Turan, Davut, Yilmaz, Togay & Kaya, C��neyt, 2009, Squalius kottelati, a new cyprinid species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Orontes River, Turkey, pp. 53-62 in Zootaxa 2270 on pages 54-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190947, {"references":["Heckel, J. J. (1843) Ichthyologie. In: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Erster Band. Reise in Griechhenland, Unteregypten, im nordlichen Syrien und sudostlichen Kleinasien. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp 991 - 1099.","Gruvel, A. (1931) Les etats de Syrie, richesses marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle, avenir. Societe d'Editions Georaphiques, Maritimes et Coloniales, Paris, 453 pp.","Kosswig, C. & Battalgil, F. (1943) Turkiye tatli su baliklarinin zoogeografik ehemmiyeti (Zoogeographic importance of Turkish freshwater fishes). Turk Fiziki Tabii I limler Sosyetesi Yillik Bildiriler Ar s ivi II, Sayi 8, 18 - 31.","Ladiges, W. (1960) Susswasserfische der Turkei, I. Teil Cyprinidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 58, 105 - 150.","Yalcin, S. (1997) Asi Nehri (Orontes) ve Bagli Sularin Balik Faunasi (Fish Fauna of Orontes River). IX. Su Urunleri Sempozyumu, 19 - 19 Eylul 1997, E g irdir, Isparta, Cilt 1: 73 - 80.","Bogutskaya, N. G. (1997) Contribution to the knowledge of Leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor: Part 2. An annotated checklist of Leuciscine fishes (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae) of Turkey with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 94, 161 - 186.","Bogutskaya, N. G. (1994) A description of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel, 1843) with comments on Leuciscus and leuciscineaspinine relationships, Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 96, 599 - 620."]}