Search

Your search keyword '"Katta S"' showing total 70 results
Start Over Author "Katta S" Search Limiters Full Text
70 results on '"Katta S"'

1. Tissue mechanics and somatosensory neural responses govern touch sensation in C. elegans

Author

Sanzeni, A, Katta, S, Petzold, BC, Pruitt, BL, Goodman, MB, and Vergassola, M

Subjects
Neurosciences, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning
Abstract

The sense of touch hinges on tissues transducing stimuli applied to the skin and somatosensory neurons converting mechanical inputs into currents. Like mammalian Pacinian corpuscles, the light-touch response of the prime model organism C. elegans adapts rapidly, and is symmetrically activated by the onset and offset of a step indentation. Here, we propose a quantitative model that combines transduction of stimuli across the skin and subsequent gating of mechanoelectrical channels. For mechanics, we use an elastic model based on geometrically-nonlinear deformations of a pressurized cylindrical shell. For gating, we build upon consequences of the dermal layer’s thinness and tangential stimuli. Our model demonstrates how the onset-offset symmetry arises from the coupling of mechanics and adaptation, and accounts for experimental neural responses to a broad variety of stimuli. Predicted effects of modifications in the mechanics or the internal pressure of the body are tested against mechanical and neurophysiological experiments.

Published
2018

2. Genome-wide Association Study of Bladder Cancer Reveals New Biological and Translational Insights

Author

Koutros, S, Kiemeney, LA, Choudhury, PP, Milne, RL, de Maturana, EL, Ye, Y, Joseph, V, Florez-Vargas, O, Dyrskjot, L, Figueroa, J, Dutta, D, Giles, GG, Hildebrandt, MAT, Offit, K, Kogevinas, M, Weiderpass, E, McCullough, ML, Freedman, ND, Albanes, D, Kooperberg, C, Cortessis, VK, Karagas, MR, Johnson, A, Schwenn, MR, Baris, D, Furberg, H, Bajorin, DF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Benhamou, S, Kraft, P, Porru, S, Carta, A, Bishop, T, Southey, MC, Matullo, G, Fletcher, T, Kumar, R, Taylor, JA, Lamy, P, Prip, F, Kalisz, M, Weinstein, SJ, Hengstler, JG, Selinski, S, Harland, M, Teo, M, Kiltie, AE, Tardon, A, Serra, C, Carrato, A, Garcia-Closas, R, Lloreta, J, Schned, A, Lenz, P, Riboli, E, Brennan, P, Tjonneland, A, Otto, T, Ovsiannikov, D, Volkert, F, Vermeulen, SH, Aben, KK, Galesloot, TE, Turman, C, De Vivo, I, Giovannucci, E, Hunter, DJ, Hohensee, C, Hunt, R, V. Patel, A, Huang, W-Y, Thorleifsson, G, Gago-Dominguez, M, Amiano, P, Golka, K, Stern, MC, Yan, W, Liu, J, Alfred, S, Katta, S, Hutchinson, A, Hicks, B, Wheeler, WA, Purdue, MP, McGlynn, KA, Kitahara, CM, Haiman, CA, Greene, MH, Rafnar, T, Chatterjee, N, Chanock, SJ, Wu, X, Real, FX, Silverman, DT, Garcia-Closas, M, Stefansson, K, Prokunina-Olsson, L, Malats, N, Rothman, N, Koutros, S, Kiemeney, LA, Choudhury, PP, Milne, RL, de Maturana, EL, Ye, Y, Joseph, V, Florez-Vargas, O, Dyrskjot, L, Figueroa, J, Dutta, D, Giles, GG, Hildebrandt, MAT, Offit, K, Kogevinas, M, Weiderpass, E, McCullough, ML, Freedman, ND, Albanes, D, Kooperberg, C, Cortessis, VK, Karagas, MR, Johnson, A, Schwenn, MR, Baris, D, Furberg, H, Bajorin, DF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Benhamou, S, Kraft, P, Porru, S, Carta, A, Bishop, T, Southey, MC, Matullo, G, Fletcher, T, Kumar, R, Taylor, JA, Lamy, P, Prip, F, Kalisz, M, Weinstein, SJ, Hengstler, JG, Selinski, S, Harland, M, Teo, M, Kiltie, AE, Tardon, A, Serra, C, Carrato, A, Garcia-Closas, R, Lloreta, J, Schned, A, Lenz, P, Riboli, E, Brennan, P, Tjonneland, A, Otto, T, Ovsiannikov, D, Volkert, F, Vermeulen, SH, Aben, KK, Galesloot, TE, Turman, C, De Vivo, I, Giovannucci, E, Hunter, DJ, Hohensee, C, Hunt, R, V. Patel, A, Huang, W-Y, Thorleifsson, G, Gago-Dominguez, M, Amiano, P, Golka, K, Stern, MC, Yan, W, Liu, J, Alfred, S, Katta, S, Hutchinson, A, Hicks, B, Wheeler, WA, Purdue, MP, McGlynn, KA, Kitahara, CM, Haiman, CA, Greene, MH, Rafnar, T, Chatterjee, N, Chanock, SJ, Wu, X, Real, FX, Silverman, DT, Garcia-Closas, M, Stefansson, K, Prokunina-Olsson, L, Malats, N, and Rothman, N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Genomic regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for bladder cancer risk provide new insights into etiology. OBJECTIVE: To identify new susceptibility variants for bladder cancer in a meta-analysis of new and existing genome-wide genotype data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from 32 studies that includes 13,790 bladder cancer cases and 343,502 controls of European ancestry were used for meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Log-additive associations of genetic variants were assessed using logistic regression models. A fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis of the results. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate effect modification by sex and smoking status. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was generated on the basis of known and novel susceptibility variants and tested for interaction with smoking. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Multiple novel bladder cancer susceptibility loci (6p.22.3, 7q36.3, 8q21.13, 9p21.3, 10q22.1, 19q13.33) as well as improved signals in three known regions (4p16.3, 5p15.33, 11p15.5) were identified, bringing the number of independent markers at genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8) to 24. The 4p16.3 (FGFR3/TACC3) locus was associated with a stronger risk for women than for men (p-interaction = 0.002). Bladder cancer risk was increased by interactions between smoking status and genetic variants at 8p22 (NAT2; multiplicative p value for interaction [pM-I] = 0.004), 8q21.13 (PAG1; pM-I = 0.01), and 9p21.3 (LOC107987026/MTAP/CDKN2A; pM-I = 0.02). The PRS based on the 24 independent GWAS markers (odds ratio per standard deviation increase 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.44-1.53), which also showed comparable results in two prospective cohorts (UK Biobank, PLCO trial), revealed an approximately fourfold difference in the lifetime risk of bladder cancer according to the PRS (e.g., 1st vs 10th decile) for both smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: We report novel loci associated

Published
2023

3. Genome-wide Association Study of Bladder Cancer Reveals New Biological and Translational Insights.

Author

Koutros, S., Kiemeney, L.A., Pal Choudhury, P., Milne, R.L., Lopez de Maturana, E., Ye, Y., Joseph, V., Florez-Vargas, O., Dyrskjøt, L., Figueroa, J., Dutta, D., Giles, G.G., Hildebrandt, M.A.T., Offit, K., Kogevinas, M., Weiderpass, E., McCullough, M.L., Freedman, N.D., Albanes, D., Kooperberg, C., Cortessis, V.K., Karagas, M.R., Johnson, A., Schwenn, M.R., Baris, D., Furberg, H., Bajorin, D.F., Cussenot, O., Cancel-Tassin, G., Benhamou, S., Kraft, P., Porru, S., Carta, A., Bishop, T., Southey, M.C., Matullo, G., Fletcher, T., Kumar, R., Taylor, J.A., Lamy, P., Prip, F., Kalisz, M., Weinstein, S.J., Hengstler, J.G., Selinski, S., Harland, M., Teo, M., Kiltie, A.E., Tardón, A., Serra, C., Carrato, A., García-Closas, R., Lloreta, J., Schned, A., Lenz, P., Riboli, E., Brennan, P., Tjønneland, A., Otto, T., Ovsiannikov, D., Volkert, F., Vermeulen, S.H., Aben, K.K.H., Galesloot, T.E., Turman, C., Vivo, I. De, Giovannucci, E., Hunter, D.J., Hohensee, C., Hunt, R., Patel, A.V., Huang, W.Y., Thorleifsson, G., Gago-Dominguez, M., Amiano, P., Golka, K., Stern, M.C., Yan, W., Liu, J., Li, S.A., Katta, S., Hutchinson, A., Hicks, B., Wheeler, W.A., Purdue, M.P., McGlynn, K.A., Kitahara, C.M., Haiman, C.A., Greene, M.H., Rafnar, T., Chatterjee, N., Chanock, S.J., Wu, X., Real, F.X., Silverman, D.T., Garcia-Closas, M., Stefansson, K., Prokunina-Olsson, L., Malats, N., Rothman, N., Koutros, S., Kiemeney, L.A., Pal Choudhury, P., Milne, R.L., Lopez de Maturana, E., Ye, Y., Joseph, V., Florez-Vargas, O., Dyrskjøt, L., Figueroa, J., Dutta, D., Giles, G.G., Hildebrandt, M.A.T., Offit, K., Kogevinas, M., Weiderpass, E., McCullough, M.L., Freedman, N.D., Albanes, D., Kooperberg, C., Cortessis, V.K., Karagas, M.R., Johnson, A., Schwenn, M.R., Baris, D., Furberg, H., Bajorin, D.F., Cussenot, O., Cancel-Tassin, G., Benhamou, S., Kraft, P., Porru, S., Carta, A., Bishop, T., Southey, M.C., Matullo, G., Fletcher, T., Kumar, R., Taylor, J.A., Lamy, P., Prip, F., Kalisz, M., Weinstein, S.J., Hengstler, J.G., Selinski, S., Harland, M., Teo, M., Kiltie, A.E., Tardón, A., Serra, C., Carrato, A., García-Closas, R., Lloreta, J., Schned, A., Lenz, P., Riboli, E., Brennan, P., Tjønneland, A., Otto, T., Ovsiannikov, D., Volkert, F., Vermeulen, S.H., Aben, K.K.H., Galesloot, T.E., Turman, C., Vivo, I. De, Giovannucci, E., Hunter, D.J., Hohensee, C., Hunt, R., Patel, A.V., Huang, W.Y., Thorleifsson, G., Gago-Dominguez, M., Amiano, P., Golka, K., Stern, M.C., Yan, W., Liu, J., Li, S.A., Katta, S., Hutchinson, A., Hicks, B., Wheeler, W.A., Purdue, M.P., McGlynn, K.A., Kitahara, C.M., Haiman, C.A., Greene, M.H., Rafnar, T., Chatterjee, N., Chanock, S.J., Wu, X., Real, F.X., Silverman, D.T., Garcia-Closas, M., Stefansson, K., Prokunina-Olsson, L., Malats, N., and Rothman, N.

Abstract

01 juli 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Genomic regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for bladder cancer risk provide new insights into etiology. OBJECTIVE: To identify new susceptibility variants for bladder cancer in a meta-analysis of new and existing genome-wide genotype data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from 32 studies that includes 13,790 bladder cancer cases and 343,502 controls of European ancestry were used for meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Log-additive associations of genetic variants were assessed using logistic regression models. A fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis of the results. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate effect modification by sex and smoking status. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was generated on the basis of known and novel susceptibility variants and tested for interaction with smoking. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Multiple novel bladder cancer susceptibility loci (6p.22.3, 7q36.3, 8q21.13, 9p21.3, 10q22.1, 19q13.33) as well as improved signals in three known regions (4p16.3, 5p15.33, 11p15.5) were identified, bringing the number of independent markers at genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10(-8)) to 24. The 4p16.3 (FGFR3/TACC3) locus was associated with a stronger risk for women than for men (p-interaction = 0.002). Bladder cancer risk was increased by interactions between smoking status and genetic variants at 8p22 (NAT2; multiplicative p value for interaction [p(M-I)] = 0.004), 8q21.13 (PAG1; p(M-I) = 0.01), and 9p21.3 (LOC107987026/MTAP/CDKN2A; p(M-I) = 0.02). The PRS based on the 24 independent GWAS markers (odds ratio per standard deviation increase 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.44-1.53), which also showed comparable results in two prospective cohorts (UK Biobank, PLCO trial), revealed an approximately fourfold difference in the lifetime risk of bladder cancer according to the PRS (e.g., 1st vs 10th decile) for both smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: We report novel loci ass

Published
2023

4. Death Due to Homicidal Paraquat Poisnong: A Case Report

Author

Katta Sriram, Mahesh Mandala, Rakesh Miriyala, Anirudh Suseel Nalumaru, and Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh

Subjects
paraquat, criminal poisoning, homicide, herbicide, dithionate test, forensic toxicology, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Paraquat is a widely used herbicide that raises a significant public health concern due to its extreme toxicity even at low doses and its potential for criminal poisoning. However, most of the research is concentrated on pulmonary toxicity of the compound so far, ignoring its other systemic effects. Moreover, a perfect antidote for this poisoning remains still at large. Case Presentation: In this case report, we present probably the first case of criminal paraquat poisoning in India, involving a 40-year-old man who was poisoned by family members with paraquat-laced alcohol. Although the patient initially appeared to be recovering, his condition worsened, and he died from multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Discussion: Paraquat poisoning presents with a spectrum of clinical features, mainly affecting the lungs and kidneys, often leading to respiratory and renal failure. However, its toxicity extends to other organs like liver causing toxic hepatitis that prompts us for a proper diagnosis and management. Current research and management protocols tend to neglect the hepatic and renal toxicities, focusing primarily on pulmonary fibrosis. The manufacture and sale of paraquat in India needs to be reviewed in the light of increasing global bans of this compound. There is also a pressing need for antidote research in dealing with agrochemical substance abuse, particularly paraquat. Conclusion: The emergence of paraquat as a lethal homicidal poison highlights the need for stringent regulations and proactive measures to safeguard public health. The whole saga of chemical/pesticide regulation in our country is very naïve when compared to the global standard. It is time to foster collaboration between regulatory bodies, healthcare professionals, and researchers to address the menace of ‘paraquat deaths’ in India.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Driving the digital value network: reshaping economic geographies of platform capitalism

Author

Howson, K, Ferrari, F, Ustek-Spilda, F, Salem, N, Johnston, H, Katta, S, Heeks, R, and Graham, M

Abstract

This paper applies insights from global value chains (GVC)/global production networks (GPN) frameworks to explore the economic geographies brought into being by digital labour platforms. In particular, these perspectives facilitate analyses of power imbalances and value extraction across territories—an under-theorized aspect within platform studies. We theorize this dynamic by introducing the descriptor ‘digital value network’ (DVN): a digitally mediated nexus of platform operations that produce and distribute value between territories, on the basis of labour transactions. Empirically, we draw on a multi-year action research project, assessing the operations of platforms and the experiences of platform workers in 54 countries. Our analysis highlights that platforms as lead firms extend GVC/GPN logics of coordination and drivenness in DVN to (i) optimize production capabilities while externalizing ownership and costs, (ii) accumulate both monetary and non-monetary forms of value, and (iii) concentrate power at the global scale in both existing and new sectors.

Published
2022

7. Design, performance, and calibration of CMS hadron-barrel calorimeter wedges

Author

Abdullin, S., Abramov, V., Acharya, B., Adams, M., Akchurin, N., Akgun, U., Anderson, E.W., Antchev, G., Ayan, S., Aydin, S., Baarmand, M., Baden, D., Banerjee, Sud., Banerjee, Sun., Bard, R., Barnes, V., Bawa, H., Baiatian, G., Bencze, G., Beri, S., Bhatnagar, V., Bodek, A., Budd, H., Burchesky, K., Camporesi, T., Cankoçak, K., Carrell, K., Chendvankar, S., Chung, Y., Cremaldi, L., Cushman, P., Damgov, J., de Barbaro, P., Demianov, A., de Visser, T., Dimitrov, L., Dugad, S., Dumanoglu, I., Duru, F., Elias, J., Elvira, D., Emeliantchik, I., Eno, S., Ershov, A., Eskut, E., Fisher, W., Freeman, J., Gavrilov, V., Genchev, V., Gershtein, Y., Golutvin, I., Goncharov, P., Grassi, T., Green, D., Gribushin, A., Grinev, B., Gülmez, E., Gümüş, K., Haelen, T., Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., Hauptman, J., Hazen, E., Heering, A., Imboden, M., Isiksal, E., Jarvis, C., Johnson, K., Kaftanov, V., Kalagin, V., Karmgard, D., Kalmani, S., Katta, S., Kaur, M., Kaya, M., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kellogg, R., Khmelnikov, A., Kisselevich, I., Kodolova, O., Kohli, J., Kolossov, V., Korablev, A., Korneev, Y., Kosarev, I., Krinitsyn, A., Krokhotin, A., Kryshkin, V., Kuleshov, S., Kumar, A., Kunori, S., Polatoz, A., Laasanen, A., Lawlor, C., Lazic, D., Levchuk, L., Litvintsev, D., Litov, L., Los, S., Lubinsky, V., Lukanin, V., Machado, E., Mans, J., Massolov, V., Mazumdar, K., Merlo, J.P., Mescheryakov, G., Mestvirishvili, A., Miller, M., Mondal, N., Nagaraj, P., Norbeck, E., O’Dell, V., Olson, J., Onel, Y., Onengut, G., Ozdes-Koca, N., Ozkorucuklu, S., Ozok, F., Paktinat, S., Patil, M., Petrushanko, S., Pikalov, V., Piperov, S., Podrasky, V., Pompos, A., Posch, C., Qian, W., Ralich, R., Reddy, L., Reidy, J., Ruchti, R., Rohlf, J., Ronzhin, A., Ryazanov, A., Sanders, D.A., Sanzeni, C., Sarycheva, L., Satyanarayana, B., Schmidt, I., Senchishin, V., Sergeyev, S., Serin-Zeyrek, M., Sever, R., Singh, J., Sirunyan, A., Skuja, A., Sherwood, B., Shumeiko, N., Smirnov, V., Sorokin, P., Stefanovich, R., Stolin, V., Sudhakar, K., Suzuki, I., Talov, V., Thomas, R., Tully, C., Turchanovich, L., Ulyanov, A., Vankov, I., Vardanyan, I., Verma, P., Vesztergombi, G., Vidal, R., Vlassov, E., Vodopiyanov, I., Volkov, A., Volodko, A., Winn, D., Whitmore, J., Wu, S.X., Zalan, P., Zarubin, A., Zeyrek, M., and The CMS-HCAL Collaboration

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Design, performance, and calibration of CMS forward calorimeter wedges

Author

Abdullin, S., Abramov, V., Acharya, B., Adams, M., Akchurin, N., Akgun, U., Anderson, E.W., Antchev, G., Arcidy, M., Ayan, S., Aydin, S., Baarmand, M., Babich, K., Baden, D., Bakirci, M.N., Banerjee, Sud., Banerjee, Sun., Bard, R., Barnes, V., Bawa, H., Baiatian, G., Bencze, G., Beri, S., Bhatnagar, V., Bodek, A., Budd, H., Burchesky, K., Camporesi, T., Cankoçak, K., Carrell, K., Cerci, S., Chendvankar, S., Chung, Y., Cremaldi, L., Cushman, P., Damgov, J., de Barbaro, P., Deliomeroglu, M., Demianov, A., de Visser, T., Dimitrov, L., Dindar, K., Dugad, S., Dumanoglu, I., Duru, F., Elias, J., Elvira, D., Emeliantchik, I., Eno, S., Eskut, E., Fenyvesi, A., Fisher, W., Freeman, J., Gamsizkan, H., Gavrilov, V., Genchev, V., Gershtein, Y., Golutvin, I., Goncharov, P., Grassi, T., Green, D., Gribushin, A., Grinev, B., Gülmez, E., Gümüş, K., Haelen, T., Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., Hashemi, M., Hauptman, J., Hazen, E., Heering, A., Ilyina, N., Isiksal, E., Jarvis, C., Johnson, K., Kaftanov, V., Kalagin, V., Kalinin, A., Karmgard, D., Kalmani, S., Katta, S., Kaur, M., Kaya, M., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kellogg, R., Khmelnikov, A., Kim, H., Kisselevich, I., Kodolova, O., Kohli, J., Kolossov, V., Korablev, A., Korneev, Y., Kosarev, I., Koylu, S., Kramer, L., Krinitsyn, A., Krokhotin, A., Kryshkin, V., Kuleshov, S., Kumar, A., Kunori, S., Kurt, P., Kuzucu-Polatoz, A., Laasanen, A., Ladygin, V., Laszlo, A., Lawlor, C., Lazic, D., Levchuk, L., Linn, S., Litvintsev, D., Litov, L., Los, S., Lubinsky, V., Lukanin, V., Ma, Y., Machado, E., Mans, J., Markowitz, P., Massolov, V., Martinez, G., Mazumdar, K., Merlo, J.P., Mermerkaya, H., Mescheryakov, G., Mestvirishvili, A., Miller, M., Mohammadi-Najafabadi, M., Moissenz, P., Mondal, N., Nagaraj, P., Norbeck, E., Olson, J., Onel, Y., Onengut, G., Ozdes-Koca, N., Ozkan, C., Ozkurt, H., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paktinat, S., Pal, A., Patil, M., Penzo, A., Petrushanko, S., Petrosyan, A., Pikalov, V., Piperov, S., Podrasky, V., Pompos, A., Posch, C., Qiang, W., Reddy, L., Reidy, J., Ruchti, R., Rogalev, E., Rohlf, J., Ronzhin, A., Ryazanov, A., Safronov, G., Sanders, D.A., Sanzeni, C., Sarycheva, L., Satyanarayana, B., Schmidt, I., Sekmen, S., Semenov, S., Senchishin, V., Sergeyev, S., Serin-Zeyrek, M., Sever, R., Singh, J., Sirunyan, A., Skuja, A., Sharma, S., Sherwood, B., Shumeiko, N., Smirnov, V., Sogut, K., Sorokin, P., Spezziga, M., Stefanovich, R., Stolin, V., Sulak, L., Suzuki, I., Talov, V., Teplov, K., Thomas, R., Topakli, H., Tully, C., Turchanovich, L., Ulyanov, A., Vankov, I., Vardanyan, I., Varela, F., Vergili, M., Verma, P., Vesztergombi, G., Vidal, R., Vishnevskiy, A., Vlassov, E., Vodopiyanov, I., Volkov, A., Volodko, A., Wang, L., Wetstein, M., Winn, D., Wigmans, R., Whitmore, J., Wu, S.X., Yazgan, E., Yershov, A., Yetkin, T., Zalan, P., Zarubin, A., Zeyrek, M., and The CMS-HCAL Collaboration

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Design, Performance, and Calibration of CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeters

Author

Baiatian, G, Sirunyan, Albert M, Emeliantchik, Igor, Massolov, V, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Stefanovich, R, Damgov, Jordan, Dimitrov, Lubomir, Genchev, Vladimir, Piperov, Stefan, Vankov, Ivan, Litov, Leander, Bencze, Gyorgy, Laszlo, Andras, Pal, Andras, Vesztergombi, Gyorgy, Zálán, Peter, Fenyvesi, Andras, Bawa, Harinder Singh, Beri, Suman Bala, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Kaur, Manjit, Kohli, Jatinder Mohan, Kumar, Arun, Singh, Jas Bir, Acharya, Bannaje Sripathi, Banerjee, Sunanda, Banerjee, Sudeshna, Chendvankar, Sanjay, Dugad, Shashikant, Kalmani, Suresh Devendrappa, Katta, S, Mazumdar, Kajari, Mondal, Naba Kumar, Nagaraj, P, Patil, Mandakini Ravindra, Reddy, L, Satyanarayana, B, Sharma, Seema, Sudhakar, Katta, Verma, Piyush, Hashemi, Majid, Mohammadi-Najafabadi, M, Paktinat, S, Babich, Kanstantsin, Golutvin, Igor, Kalagin, Vladimir, Kamenev, Alexey, Konoplianikov, V, Kosarev, Ivan, Moissenz, K, Moissenz, P, Oleynik, Danila, Petrosian, A, Rogalev, Evgueni, Semenov, Roman, Sergeyev, S, Shmatov, Sergey, Smirnov, Vitaly, Vishnevskiy, Alexander, Volodko, Anton, Zarubin, Anatoli, Druzhkin, Dmitry, Ivanov, Alexander, Kudinov, Vladimir, Orlov, Alexandre, Smetannikov, Vladimir, Gavrilov, Vladimir, Gershtein, Yuri, Ilyina, N, Kaftanov, Vitali, Kisselevich, I, Kolossov, V, Krokhotin, Andrey, Kuleshov, Sergey, Litvintsev, Dmitri, Ulyanov, A, Safronov, Grigory, Semenov, Sergey, Stolin, Viatcheslav, Demianov, A, Gribushin, Andrey, Kodolova, Olga, Petrushanko, Sergey, Sarycheva, Ludmila, Teplov, V, Vardanyan, Irina, Yershov, A, Abramov, Victor, Goncharov, Petr, Kalinin, Alexey, Khmelnikov, Alexander, Korablev, Andrey, Korneev, Yury, Krinitsyn, Alexander, Kryshkin, V, Lukanin, Vladimir, Pikalov, Vladimir, Ryazanov, Anton, Talov, Vladimir, Turchanovich, L, Volkov, Alexey, Camporesi, Tiziano, de Visser, Theo, Vlassov, E, Aydin, Sezgin, Bakirci, Mustafa Numan, Cerci, Salim, Dumanoglu, Isa, Eskut, Eda, Kayis-Topaksu, A, Koylu, S, Kurt, Pelin, Onengüt, G, Ozkurt, Halil, Polatoz, A, Sogut, Kenan, Topakli, Huseyin, Vergili, Mehmet, Yetkin, Taylan, Cankoc, K, Esendemir, Akif, Gamsizkan, Halil, Güler, M, Ozkan, Cigdem, Sekmen, Sezen, Serin-Zeyrek, M, Sever, Ramazan, Yazgan, Efe, Zeyrek, Mehmet, Deliomeroglu, Mehmet, Gülmez, Erhan, Isiksal, Engin, Kaya, Mithat, Ozkorucuklu, Suat, Levchuk, Leonid, Sorokin, Pavel, Grynev, B, Lyubynskiy, Vadym, Senchyshyn, Vitaliy, Hauptman, John M, Abdullin, Salavat, Elias, John E, Elvira, D, Freeman, Jim, Green, Dan, Los, Serguei, ODell, V, Ronzhin, Anatoly, Suzuki, Ichiro, Vidal, Richard, Whitmore, Juliana, Arcidy, M, Hazen, Eric, Heering, Arjan Hendrix, Lawlor, C, Lazic, Dragoslav, Machado, Emanuel, Rohlf, James, Varela, F, Wu, Shouxiang, Baden, Drew, Bard, Robert, Eno, Sarah Catherine, Grassi, Tullio, Jarvis, Chad, Kellogg, Richard G, Kunori, Shuichi, Mans, Jeremy, Skuja, Andris, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, Christopher, Winn, Dave, Akgun, Ugur, Ayan, S, Duru, Firdevs, Merlo, Jean-Pierre, Mestvirishvili, Alexi, Miller, Michael, Norbeck, Edwin, Olson, Jonathan, Onel, Yasar, Schmidt, Ianos, Akchurin, Nural, Carrell, Kenneth Wayne, Gusum, K, Kim, Heejong, Spezziga, Mario, Thomas, Ray, Wigmans, Richard, Baarmand, Marc M, Mermerkaya, Hamit, Ralich, Robert, Vodopiyanov, Igor, Kramer, Laird, Linn, Stephan, Markowitz, Pete, Cushman, Priscilla, Ma, Yousi, Sherwood, Brian, Cremaldi, Lucien Marcus, Reidy, Jim, Sanders, David A, Karmgard, Daniel John, Ruchti, Randy, Fisher, Wade Cameron, Tully, Christopher, Bodek, Arie, De Barbaro, Pawel, Budd, Howard, Chung, Yeon Sei, Haelen, T, Hagopian, Sharon, Hagopian, Vasken, Johnson, Kurtis F, Barnes, Virgil E, and Laasanen, Alvin T

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Detailed measurements have been made with the CMS hadron calorimeter endcaps (HE) in response to beams of muons, electrons, and pions. Readout of HE with custom electronics and hybrid photodiodes (HPDs) shows no change of performance compared to readout with commercial electronics and photomultipliers. When combined with lead-tungstenate crystals, an energy resolution of 8\% is achieved with 300 GeV/c pions. A laser calibration system is used to set the timing and monitor operation of the complete electronics chain. Data taken with radioactive sources in comparison with test beam pions provides an absolute initial calibration of HE to approximately 4\% to 5\%.

Published
2008

11. Energy Response and Longitudinal Shower Profiles Measured in CMS HCAL and Comparison With Geant4

Author

Baiatian, G, Sirunyan, Albert M, Emeliantchik, Igor, Massolov, V, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Stefanovich, R, Damgov, Jordan, Dimitrov, Lubomir, Genchev, Vladimir, Piperov, Stefan, Vankov, Ivan, Litov, Leander, Bencze, Gyorgy, Laszlo, Andras, Pal, Andras, Vesztergombi, Gyorgy, Zálán, Peter, Fenyvesi, Andras, Bawa, Harinder Singh, Beri, Suman Bala, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Kaur, Manjit, Kohli, Jatinder Mohan, Kumar, Arun, Singh, Jas Bir, Acharya, Bannaje Sripathi, Banerjee, Sunanda, Banerjee, Sudeshna, Chendvankar, Sanjay, Dugad, Shashikant, Kalmani, Suresh Devendrappa, Katta, S, Mazumdar, Kajari, Mondal, Naba Kumar, Nagaraj, P, Patil, Mandakini Ravindra, Reddy, L, Satyanarayana, B, Sharma, Seema, Sudhakar, Katta, Verma, Piyush, Hashemi, Majid, Mohammadi-Najafabadi, M, Paktinat, S, Golutvin, Igor, Kalagin, Vladimir, Kosarev, Ivan, Ladygin, Vladimir, Mescheryakov, G, Moissenz, P, Petrosian, A, Sergeyev, S, Smirnov, Vitaly, Vishnevskiy, Alexander, Volodko, Anton, Zarubin, Anatoli, Gavrilov, Vladimir, Gershtein, Yuri, Ilyina, N, Kaftanov, Vitali, Kisselevich, I, Kolossov, V, Krokhotin, Andrey, Kuleshov, Sergey, Litvintsev, Dmitri, Ulyanov, A, Safronov, Grigory, Semenov, Sergey, Stolin, Viatcheslav, Demianov, A, Gribushin, Andrey, Kodolova, Olga, Petrushanko, Sergey, Sarycheva, Ludmila, Teplov, V, Vardanyan, Irina, Yershov, A, Abramov, Victor, Goncharov, Petr, Kalinin, Alexey, Khmelnikov, Alexander, Korablev, Andrey, Korneev, Yury, Krinitsyn, Alexander, Kryshkin, V, Lukanin, Vladimir, Pikalov, Vladimir, Ryazanov, Anton, Talov, Vladimir, Turchanovich, L, Volkov, Alexey, Camporesi, Tiziano, De Visser, Theo, Vlassov, E, Aydin, Sezgin, Bakirci, Mustafa Numan, Cerci, Salim, Dumanoglu, Isa, Eskut, Eda, Kayis-Topaksu, A, Koylu, S, Kurt, Pelin, Onengüt, G, Ozkurt, Halil, Polatoz, A, Sogut, Kenan, Topakli, Huseyin, Vergili, Mehmet, Yetkin, Taylan, Cankocak, Kerem, Esendemir, Akif, Gamsizkan, Halil, Güler, M, Ozkan, Cigdem, Sekmen, Sezen, Serin-Zeyrek, M, Sever, Ramazan, Yazgan, Efe, Zeyrek, Mehmet, Deliomeroglu, Mehmet, Dindar, Kamile, Gülmez, Erhan, Isiksal, Engin, Kaya, Mithat, Ozkorucuklu, Suat, Levchuk, Leonid, Sorokin, Pavel, Senchishin, V, Hauptman, John M, Abdullin, Salavat, Elias, John E, Elvira, D, Freeman, Jim, Green, Dan, Los, Serguei, O'Dell, Vivian, Ronzhin, Anatoly, Suzuki, Ichiro, Vidal, Richard, Whitmore, Juliana, Arcidy, M, Hazen, Eric, Heering, Arjan Hendrix, Lawlor, C, Lazic, Dragoslav, Machado, Emanuel, Rohlf, James, Varela, F, Wu, Shouxiang, Baden, Drew, Bard, Robert, Eno, Sarah Catherine, Grassi, Tullio, Jarvis, Chad, Kellogg, Richard G, Kunori, Shuichi, Mans, Jeremy, Skuja, Andris, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, Christopher, Winn, Dave, Akgun, Ugur, Ayan, S, Duru, Firdevs, Merlo, Jean-Pierre, Mestvirishvili, Alexi, Miller, Michael, Norbeck, Edwin, Olson, Jonathan, Onel, Yasar, Schmidt, Ianos, Akchurin, Nural, Carrell, Kenneth Wayne, Gumus, Kazim, Kim, Heejong, Spezziga, Mario, Thomas, Ray, Baarmand, Marc M, Mermerkaya, Hamit, Ralich, Robert, Vodopiyanov, Igor, Kramer, Laird, Linn, Stephan, Markowitz, Pete, Cushman, Priscilla, Ma, Yousi, Sherwood, Brian, Cremaldi, Lucien Marcus, Reidy, Jim, Sanders, David A, Karmgard, Daniel John, Ruchti, Randy, Fisher, Wade Cameron, Tully, Christopher, Bodek, Arie, De Barbaro, Pawel, Budd, Howard, Chung, Yeon Sei, Haelen, T, Hagopian, Sharon, Hagopian, Vasken, Johnson, Kurtis F, Barnes, Virgil E, and Laasanen, Alvin T

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The response of the CMS combined electromagnetic and hadron calorimeter to beams of pions with momenta in the range 5-300 GeV/c has been measured in the H2 test beam at CERN. The raw response with the electromagnetic compartment calibrated to electrons and the hadron compartment calibrated to 300 GeV pions may be represented by sigma = (1.2) sqrt{E} oplus (0.095) E. The fraction of energy visible in the calorimeter ranges from 0.72 at 5 GeV to 0.95 at 300 GeV, indicating a substantial nonlinearity. The intrinsic electron to hadron ratios are fit as a function of energy and found to be in the range 1.3-2.7 for the electromagnetic compartment and 1.4-1.8 for the hadronic compartment. The fits are used to correct the non-linearity of the e pi response to 5% over the entire measured range resulting in a substantially improved resolution at low energy. Longitudinal shower profile have been measured in detail and compared to Geant4 models, LHEP-3.7 and QGSP-2.8. At energies below 30 GeV, the data, LHEP and QGSP are in agreement. Above 30 GeV, LHEP gives a more accurate simulation of the longitudinal shower profile.

Published
2007

12. Synchronization and Timing in CMS HCAL

Author

Baiatian, G, Sirunyan, Albert M, Emeliantchik, Igor, Massolov, V, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Stefanovich, R, Damgov, Jordan, Dimitrov, Lubomir, Genchev, Vladimir, Piperov, Stefan, Vankov, Ivan, Litov, Leander, Bencze, Gyorgy, Laszlo, Andras, Pal, Andras, Vesztergombi, Gyorgy, Zálán, Peter, Fenyvesi, Andras, Bawa, Harinder Singh, Beri, Suman Bala, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Kaur, Manjit, Kohli, Jatinder Mohan, Kumar, Arun, Singh, Jas Bir, Acharya, Bannaje Sripathi, Banerjee, Sunanda, Banerjee, Sudeshna, Chendvankar, Sanjay, Dugad, Shashikant, Kalmani, Suresh Devendrappa, Katta, S, Mazumdar, Kajari, Mondal, Naba Kumar, Nagaraj, P, Patil, Mandakini Ravindra, Reddy, L, Satyanarayana, B, Sharma, Seema, Sudhakar, Katta, Verma, Piyush, Hashemi, Majid, Mohammadi-Najafabadi, M, Paktinat, S, Golutvin, Igor, Kalagin, Vladimir, Kosarev, Ivan, Ladygin, Vladimir, Mescheryakov, G, Moissenz, P, Petrosian, A, Sergeyev, S, Smirnov, Vitaly, Vishnevskiy, Alexander, Volodko, Anton, Zarubin, Anatoli, Gavrilov, Vladimir, Gershtein, Yuri, Ilyina, N, Kaftanov, Vitali, Kisselevich, I, Kolossov, V, Krokhotin, Andrey, Kuleshov, Sergey, Litvintsev, Dmitri, Ulyanov, A, Safronov, Grigory, Semenov, Sergey, Stolin, Viatcheslav, Demianov, A, Gribushin, Andrey, Kodolova, Olga, Petrushanko, Sergey, Sarycheva, Ludmila, Teplov, V, Vardanyan, Irina, Yershov, A, Abramov, Victor, Goncharov, Petr, Kalinin, Alexey, Khmelnikov, Alexander, Korablev, Andrey, Korneev, Yury, Krinitsyn, Alexander, Kryshkin, V, Lukanin, Vladimir, Pikalov, Vladimir, Ryazanov, Anton, Talov, Vladimir, Turchanovich, L, Volkov, Alexey, Camporesi, Tiziano, De Visser, Theo, Vlassov, E, Aydin, Sezgin, Bakirci, Mustafa Numan, Cerci, Salim, Dumanoglu, Isa, Eskut, Eda, Kayis-Topaksu, A, Koylu, S, Kurt, Pelin, Onengüt, G, Ozkurt, Halil, Polatoz, A, Sogut, Kenan, Topakli, Huseyin, Vergili, Mehmet, Yetkin, Taylan, Cankocak, Kerem, Esendemir, Akif, Gamsizkan, Halil, Güler, M, Ozkan, Cigdem, Sekmen, Sezen, Serin-Zeyrek, M, Sever, Ramazan, Yazgan, Efe, Zeyrek, Mehmet, Deliomeroglu, Mehmet, Gülmez, Erhan, Isiksal, Engin, Kaya, Mithat, Ozkorucuklu, Suat, Levchuk, Leonid, Sorokin, Pavel, Senchyshyn, Vitaliy, Hauptman, John M, Abdullin, Salavat, Elias, John E, Elvira, D, Freeman, Jim, Green, Dan, Los, Serguei, O'Dell, Vivian, Ronzhin, Anatoly, Suzuki, Ichiro, Vidal, Richard, Whitmore, Juliana, Arcidy, M, Hazen, Eric, Heering, Arjan Hendrix, Lawlor, C, Lazic, Dragoslav, Machado, Emanuel, Rohlf, James, Varela, F, Wu, Shouxiang, Baden, Drew, Bard, Robert, Eno, Sarah Catherine, Grassi, Tullio, Jarvis, Chad, Kellogg, Richard G, Kunori, Shuichi, Mans, Jeremy, Skuja, Andris, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, Christopher, Winn, Dave, Akgun, Ugur, Ayan, S, Duru, Firdevs, Merlo, Jean-Pierre, Mestvirishvili, Alexi, Miller, Michael, Norbeck, Edwin, Olson, Jonathan, Onel, Yasar, Schmidt, Ianos, Akchurin, Nural, Carrell, Kenneth Wayne, Gumus, Kazim, Kim, Heejong, Spezziga, Mario, Thomas, Ray, Wigmans, Richard, Baarmand, Marc M, Mermerkaya, Hamit, Ralich, Robert, Vodopiyanov, Igor, Kramer, Laird, Linn, Stephan, Markowitz, Pete, Cushman, Priscilla, Ma, Yousi, Sherwood, Brian, Cremaldi, Lucien Marcus, Reidy, Jim, Sanders, David A, Karmgard, Daniel John, Ruchti, Randy, Fisher, Wade Cameron, Tully, Christopher, Bodek, Arie, De Barbaro, Pawel, Budd, Howard, Chung, Yeon Sei, Haelen, T, Hagopian, Sharon, Hagopian, Vasken, Johnson, K, Barnes, Virgil E, and Laasanen, Alvin T

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

The synchronization and timing of the hadron calorimeter (HCAL) for the Compact Muon Solenoid has been extensively studied with test beams at CERN during the period 2003-4, including runs with 40 MHz structured beam. The relative phases of the signals from different calorimeter segments are timed to 1 ns accuracy using a laser and equalized using programmable delay settings in the front-end electronics. The beam was used to verify the timing and to map out the entire range of pulse shapes over the 25 ns interval between beam crossings. These data were used to make detailed measurements of energy-dependent time slewing effects and to tune the electronics for optimal performance.

Published
2007

13. CMS TriDAS project: Technical Design Report, Volume 1: The Trigger Systems

Author

Bayatyan, G L, Grigorian, N, Khachatrian, V G, Margarian, A T, Sirunyan, A M, Stepanian, S, Adam, W, Brugger, M, Erö, J, Fierro, M, Friedl, M, Frühwirth, Rudolf, Hrubec, Josef, Jeitler, Manfred, Krammer, Manfred, Pernicka, Manfred, Porth, Paul, Rohringer, Herbert, Rurua, L, Taurok, Anton, Walzel, G, Wedenig, R, Wulz, Claudia Elisabeth, Baryshevsky, V G, Fedorov, A, Gorodishenin, N L, Korzhik, M V, Missevitch, O V, Panov, V, Zuyeuski, R, Zalessky, V B, Ermalitsky, F, Kuchinskii, P, Lomako, V M, Prosolovich, V, Devroede, O, Goorens, R, Lemonne, J, Tavernier, Stefaan, Udo, Fred, Van Doninck, W K, Van Lancker, L, Bertrand, D, De Lentdecker, G, Stefanescu, J, Van der Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Favart, D, Govaerts, J, Grégoire, G, Lemaître, V, Ninane, A, Piotrzkowski, K, van der Aa, O, Boulogne, I, Daubie, Evelyne, Herquet, P, Beaumont, W, Beckers, T, De Langhe, E, Moortgat, F, Verbeure, F, Zhukov, V, Abadjiev, K, Anguelov, T, Atanasov, I H, Damgov, J, Dimitrov, L, Genchev, V, Georgiev, G, Iaydjiev, P, Kounov, B, Penchev, L, Raykov, P, Sultanov, G G, Vankov, I, Vankov, P, Darmenov, N, Gritskov, A, Jordanov, A, Litov, L, Mateev, M, Petev, P, Spassov, V, Tchijov, M, Tsenov, R V, Velev, G V, Bian, J G, Chen, C, Chen, G M, Guo, Y N, He, J T, Jiang, C H, Jin, B N, Ke, Z J, Li, J, Li, W G, Li Xiao Nan, Qiu, J F, Shen, B W, Shen, X Y, Sheng, H Y, Wang, Y Y, Xu Rong Sheng, Yang, M, Zhang Bing Yun, Zhang, J W, Zhang, S Q, Zhao Wei Ren, Zhao, Z, Zheng Jian Ping, Zhu, G Y, Zhu, Y S, Ban, Y, Cai, J, Chen Jia Erh, Liu Hong Tao, Liu Song Qiu, Lou Bin Qiao, Qian, S J, Ye Yan Lin, An, Q, Bian, Z, Chen, H, Gong, Z F, Li Chuan, Shri, C S, Sun, L Z, Wang, X L, Wang, Z M, Wu, J, Ye Shu Wei, Zhang, Z P, Deng, Q, Li, P J, Shen, D Z, Xue, Z L, Yuan, H B, Chang, Y H, Chen, A E, Go, A, Lin, W, Chang, P, Hou, G W S, Ueno, K, Godinovic, N, Milin, M, Puljak, I, Soric, I, Stipcevic, M, Tudoric-Ghemo, J, Antunovic, Z, Dzelalija, M, Marasovic, K, Hasan, A, Razis, P A, Vorvolakos, A, Hall, A, Lippmaa, E, Lippmaa, J, Raidal, Martti, Subbi, J, Aarnio, Pertti A, Banzuzi, K, Heikkinen, A M, Heinonen, J V, Honkanen, A, Karimäki, V, Katajisto, H M, Kinnunen, Ritva, Lassila-Perini, K M, Lefébure, V, Pietarinen, E, Tuominen, E, Tuominiemi, Jorma, Ungaro, D, Vanhala, T P, Williams, C, Lehti, S, Lindén, T, Äystö, J, Julin, R, Ruuskanen, P V, Kallijärvi, S, Keränen, A, Palmu, L, Remes, K, Suhonen, E, Tuuva, T, Niittylahti, J, Vainio, O, Baek, Y W, Boget, D, Ditta, J, Drobychev, G Yu, Guillaud, J P, Maire, M, Mendiburu, J P, Nédélec, P, Peigneux, J P, Schneegans, M, Sillou, D, Anfreville, M G, Bonamy, P, Bouchand, C, Chipaux, Rémi, Dejardin, M, Denegri, Daniel, Gentit, F X, Givernaud, Alain, Kircher, F, Lemoigne, Y, Locci, E, Lottin, J P, Nguyen, M C, Pansart, J P, Payn, A, Rander, J, Reymond, J M, Rondeaux, F, Rosowsky, A, Roth, P, Verrecchia, P, Badier, J, Bercher, M, Bourotte, J, Busson, P, Chamont, D, Charlot, C, Dobrzynski, Ludwik, Gilly, J, Haguenauer, Maurice, Karar, A, Kim, G B, Kluberg, L, Lecouturier, D, Matricon, P, Milleret, G, Miné, P, Morano, R, Paganini, P, Poilleux, P, Romanteau, T, Albert, A, Berst, J D, Blaes, R, Brom, J M, Charles, F, Coffin, J, Didierjean, François, Drouhin, F, Ernenwein, J P, Fontaine, J C, Geist, Walter M, Goerlach, U, Helleboid, J M, Huss, D, Illinger, C, Juillot, P, Lounis, A, Maazouzi, C, Moreau, S, Riahi, Y, Ripp-Baudot, I, Todorov, T, Vintache, D, Zghiche, A, Ageron, M, Bedjidian, Marc, Chabanat, E, Combaret, C, Contardo, D, Depasse, P, Drapier, O, Dupanloup, M, El-Mamouni, H, Fay, J, Gascon-Shotkin, S M, Giraud, N, Girerd, C, Goyot, M, Haroutounian, R, Ille, B, Lebrun, P, Lethuillier, M, Martin, J P, Mathez, H, Mirabito, L, Muanza, G S, Perriès, S, Sahuc, P, Smadja, G, Tissot, S, Walder, J P, Zach, F, Amaglobeli, N S, Bagaturia, Yu S, Glonti, L, Kartvelishvili, V G, Kvatadze, R A, Mzhavia, D A, Sakhelashvili, T M, Shanidze, R G, Tsamalaidze, Z B, Djaoshvili, N, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A I, Roinishvili, N N, Roinishvili, V N, Berger, C, Braunschweig, W, Breibach, J, Gu, W H, Heister, A, Karpinski, W, Kirn, T, König, S, Kukulies, C, Ostapchuk, A Ya, Pandoulas, D, Pierschel, G, Raupach, F, Schael, S, Schmitz, D, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Siedling, R, Wallraff, W, Wittmer, B, Banicz, K, Bechstein, S, Böhm, A, Bosseler, K, Faissner, Helmut, Fesefeldt, H S, Hermann, S, Ivannikov, A, Rein, D, Reithler, H, Szczesny, H, Tonutti, M, Wegner, M, Axer, M, Beissel, F, Commichau, V, Flügge, G, Hangarter, K, Macke, D, Mnich, J, Nowak, A, Petertill, M, Schmitz, P, Schulte, R, Sonnenschein, L, Zander, A, Grünewald, M W, Hebbeker, T, Höpfner, K, Rosca, A, Bartsch, V, Blüm, H P, de Boer, Wim, Dierlamm, A, Dirkes, G, Drollinger, V, Erdmann, M, Feindt, Michael, Grigoriev, E, Hartmann, F, Hauler, F, Heiss, A, Müller, T, Röderer, F, Simonis, H J, Skiba, A, Theel, A, Thümmel, W H, Weiler, Thomas J, Weseler, S, Resvanis, L K, Adzic, P, Barone, M, Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I, Fanourakis, G K, Geralis, T, Harissopoulos, S V, Kokkinias, P, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Markou, A, Markou, C, Mastroyiannopoulos, N, Mousa, J, Siotis, I, Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M, Staveris-Polykalas, A, Tsirigotis, A G, Tzamarias, S, Vayaki, Anna, Zachariadou, K, Zupan, M, Asimidis, A, Evangelou, I, Kokkas, P, Manthos, N, Mitropoulos, O, Prouskas, K, Triantis, F A, Tzoulis, N, Bagoly, Z, Bencze, G L, Csilling, Akos, Hajdu, C, Hidas, P, Horváth, D, Ódor, G, Ster, A, Urbàn, L, Vesztergombi, G, Zálán, P, Zsenei, M, Dajkó, G, Fenyvesi, A, Molnár, J, Pálinkás, J, Sohler, D, Trócsányi, Z L, Vamosi, J, Végh, J, Baksay, L, Bondar, T, Juhász, S, Marian, G, Nagy, S, Raics, P, Szabó, J, Szabó, Z, Szegedi, S, Szillási, Z, Sztaricskai, T, Tarjan, P, Zilizi, G, Bala, S B, Bhatnagar, V, Kaur, M, Kohli, J M, Singh, J, Borkar, S, Chandratre, V, Chaudhury, R K, Dixit, M Y, Ghodgaonkar, M, John, B, Kataria, S K, Mohanty, A K, Topkar, A, Aziz, T, Banerjee, Sunanda, Chendvankar, S R, Deshpande, P V, Ganguli, S N, Gurtu, A, Katta, S, Maity, M, Mazumdar, K, Patil, M R, Tonwar, S C, Acharya, B S, Banerjee, Sudeshna, Bheesette, S, Dugad, S, Kalmani, S D, Krishnaswamy, M R, Lakkireddi, V R, Mondal, N K, Panyam, N, Vemuri, N, Verma, P, Bhardwaj, A I, Shivpuri, R K, Verma, V K, Abbrescia, M, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Palma, M, Fiore, L, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Marangelli, B, Menegotto, M, My, S, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Pugliese, G, Radicci, V, Ranieri, A, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Benvenuti, Alberto C, Capiluppi, P, Cavallo, F R, Cuffiani, M, D'Antone, I, Dallavalle, G M, Fabbri, Franco Luigi, Fanfani, A, Giacomelli, G, Giacomelli, P, Grandi, C, Guerzoni, M, Marcellini, S, Mazzanti, P, Montanari, A, Montanari, C, Navarria, Francesco Luigi, Odorici, F, Perrotta, A, Rossi, A, Rovelli, T, Siroli, G P, Travaglini, R, Albergo, S, Bellini, V, Castorina, P, Cavalieri, S, Chiorboli, M, Costa, S, Lo Monaco, L, Potenza, R, Russo, V, Tricomi, A, Tuvé, C, Bellucci, L, Biggeri, U, Borchi, E, Bruzzi, Mara, Buffini, A, Busoni, S, Castellini, G, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Landi, G, Lenzi, M, Meschini, M, Minelli, C, Parrini, G, Pieri, M, Pirollo, S, Sciortino, S, Bozzo, M, Fabbricatore, P, Farinon, S, Musenich, R, Priano, C, Berti, L, Biasotto, M, Gastaldi, Ugo, Gulmini, M, Maron, G, Toniolo, N, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bellato, M, Benettoni, M, Bisello, D, Candelori, A, Castro, A, Checchia, P, Conti, E, De Giorgi, M, De Min, A, Dosselli, U, Fanin, C, Gasparini, F, Gasparini, U, Gonella, F, Kaminski, A, Lacaprara, S, Lippi, I, Loreti, M, Meneguzzo, Anna Teresa, Michelotto, M, Montecassiano, F, Neviani, A, Paccagnella, A, Paoletti, S, Passaseo, M, Pegoraro, M, Ronchese, P, Stavitski, I, Torassa, E, Ventura, L, Ventura, Sandro, Verlato, M, Zotto, P L, Zumerle, G, Altieri, S, Belli, G, Bruno, G, Guida, R, Merlo, M, Ratti, S P, Riccardi, C, Torre, P, Vitulo, P, Angarano, M M, Babucci, E, Biasini, M, Bilei, G M, Brunetti, M T, Ceccotti, F, Checcucci, B, Giorgi, M A, Lariccia, P, Mantovani, G C, Passeri, D, Placidi, P, Postolache, V, Santinelli, R, Santocchia, A, Scorzoni, A, Servoli, L, Tommasi, G, Angelini, F, Bagliesi, G, Bardi, A, Basti, A, Bellazzini, R, Bernardini, J, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Braccini, Pier Luigi, Brez, A, Carosi, R, Castaldi, R, Chiarelli, G, Ciulli, V, Dell'Orso, Mauro, Dell'Orso, R, Donati, S, Dutta, S, Foà, Lorenzo, Galeotti, S, Giannetti, P, Giassi, A, Giusti, S, Iannaccone, G, Latronico, L, Ligabue, F, Lumb, N, Magazzù, G, Mariani, M, Massai, M M, Messineo, A, Militaru, O, Moggi, A, Morsani, F, Palla, F, Punzi, G, Raffaelli, F, Ristori, L, Sanguinetti, G, Sciabà, A, Segneri, G, Sguazzoni, G, Spandre, G, Spezziga, M, Spinella, F, Starodumov, A N, Tenchini, Roberto, Teodorescu, L, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P G, Wang, J, Xie, Z, Baccaro, S, Barone, L, Bartoloni, A, Castellani, M, Cecilia, A, Dafinei, I, De Notaristefani, F, Diemoz, M, Festinesi, A, Longo, E, Meridiani, P, Montecchi, M, Organtini, G, Puccini, M, Valente, E, Zullo, A, Amapane, N, Arneodo, M, Bertolino, F, Biino-Palestini, C, Cirio, R, Costa, M, Dattola, D, Daudo, F, Del Duca, V, Demaria, L, Favro, G, Ferrero, M I, Maselli, S, Monaco, V, Peroni, C, Romero, A, Sacchi, R, Solano, A, Staiano, A, Vitelli, A, Kim, Y J, Kim, Y U, Nam, S K, Bahk, S Y, Jang, H I, Kim, J Y, Kim, T I, Lim, I T, Pac, M Y, Lee, S J, Rhee, J T, Ahn, S, Hong, B, Hong, S J, Lee, K S, Park, H K, Park, S K, Sim, K S, Koo, D G, Kim, B J, Kim, S B, Park, I H, Cheon, B G, Choi, Y I, Chung, W H, Ham, S W, Jeon, H M, Kim, D H, Kim, W Y, Oh, S K, Ro, S, Son, D C, Aftab, Z, Ahmad, M A, Alam, J J, Bhatti, N, Hasanain, K, Hoorani, H R, Khan, M K, Khan, S M, Niaz, A, Riazuddin, M, Solaija, T, Ahmad, J R, Awan, I U, Iftikhar, N, Khan, M A, Mirza, M U, Muhammad, A, Zeb, J, Cwiok, M, Czyrkowski, Henryk, Dabrowski, R, Dominik, Wojciech, Kazana, M, Królikowski, J, Kudla, I G, Majewski, P, Pietrusinski, M, Pozniak, Krzysztof T, Zych, P, Gokieli, R, Górski, M, Goscilo, L, Wrochna, G, Zalewski, Piotr, Almeida, C, Almeida, N, Augusto, J, Barata-Monteiro, T, Bordalo, P, Cardoso, N, Da Mota-Silva, S, Da Silva, J, Dias, O P, Gomes, J, Gonçalves, F M, Ramos, S, Santos, M, Sequeira-Lopes-Tavares, S, Silva, S, Simoes-Azevedo, C, Teixeira, I, Teixeira, J P, Varela, J, Afanasiev, S V, Anisimov, I, Bandurin, D V, Belkov, A A, Chatrchyan, S A, Cheremuhin, A E, Cheshkov, C V, Chvyrov, A S, Dmitriev, A, Elsha, V, Erchov, Yu V, Finger, M H, Golutvin, I A, Gorbunov, N A, Gramenitskii, I M, Ivantchenko, I, Janata, A, Kalagin, V, Karjavin, V Yu, Khabarov, V S, Kiryushin, Yu T, Kolesnikov, V I, Konoplyanikov, V F, Korenkov, V V, Kossarev, I, Koutov, A, Kracíková, T I, Krasnov, V, Litvinenko, A G, Lysiakov, V, Malakhov, A, Mechtcheriakov, G, Melnichenko, I A, Mitsyn, V, Moissenz, P, Movchan, S, Palichik, V V, Perelygin, V P, Petukhov, Yu P, Popov, M, Pose, D, Pose, R, Samoshkin, A, Savina, M V, Sergeev, S, Shmatov, S V, Skatchkova, A N, Smirnov, V, Smolin, D A, Tikhonenko, E A, Uzhinskii, V V, Vlasov, N, Volodko, A G, Yukaev, A I, Zamiatin, N I, Zarubin, A V, Zarubin, P I, Zubarev, E V, Atamanchuk, A G, Barashko, V, Bondar, N F, Chtchipounov, L, Denissov, A, Gavrilov, G E, Golovtsov, V L, Gusev, Y, Ivanov, Yu B, Kisselev, O A, Kuznetsova, E, Lobatchev, E, Makarenkov, G, Orichtchin, E M, Petrunin, A, Prokofiev, O E, Rasmislovich, V, Razmyslovich, B V, Sknar, V, Smirnov, I, Sobolev, S, Soulimov, V, Souvorov, V, Vasilev, A, Velitchko, G, Volkov, S, Vorobyov, A A, Atoyan, G S, Bolotov, V N, Gninenko, S N, Goloubev, N A, Gushin, E V, Kirsanov, M M, Kovzelev, A, Krasnikov, N V, Laptev, S V, Matveev, V, Pashenkov, A, Poliarouch, A, Postoev, V E, Proskouriakov, A, Sadovskii, A, Semeniouk, I N, Shmatkov, V, Skasyrskaya, A, Toropin, A N, Dorochkevitch, E, Gavrilov, V, Kaftanov, V S, Khanov, A I, Kisselevich, I, Kolosov, V, Kossov, M, Koulechov, S, Krokhotine, A, Oulianov, A, Stepanov, N, Stoline, V, Uzunyan, S, Devitsin, E G, Fomenko, A M, Konovalova, N S, Kozlov, V, Lebedev, A I, Loktionova, N A, Lvova, N, Potashov, S Yu, Rusakov, S V, Terkulov, A R, Belsky, A, Bodyagin, V, Boos, E, Cherstnev, A, Demianov, A I, Dubinin, M N, Dudko, L V, Erchov, A, Gloukhov, R, Gribushin, A M, Ilyin, V, Kodolova, Olga, Korotkikh, V L, Krioukov, A, Kruglov, N A, Lokhtin, Igor P, Mikhailin, V V, Petrouchanko, S, Poukhov, A, Sarycheva, L I, Slad, V L, Sniguirev, A, Vardanian, I N, Chmelev, D, Ivanov, A, Koudinov, V, Logatchev, O, Onishchenko, S, Orlov, A, Sakharov, V, Smetannikov, V, Zavodthikov, S, Abramov, A, Abramov, V, Azhgirey, L S, Bitioukov, S, Datsko, K V, Dolgopolov, A V, Evdokimov, V N, Falaleev, V P, Goncharov, P I, Inyakin, A V, Katchanov, V A, Kharlov, Yu V, Klioukhine, V I, Kolatcheva, E, Korablev, V M, Korneev, Yu P, Kostritskii, A V, Krinitsyn, A N, Kryshkin, V I, Lapyguina, O, Levine, A, Markov, A, Medvedev, V, Oukhanov, M, Pak, V, Patalakha, D I, Petrov, V, Pikalov, V A, Potapov, V, Riabov, A, Sannikov, A V, Shagin, P, Simonova, Z, Skvortsova, E, Slabospitsky, S R, Sobol, A, Solovianov, Vladimir L, Sougonyaev, V, Stepouchkine, S, Surkov, A, Sytin, A N, Tchuiko, B, Tereshchenko, S, Troshin, S M, Turchanovich, L K, Tyurin, N E, Uzunian, A V, Volkov, A, Zaichenko, A A, Zelepoukine, S, Andriyash, A, Chtcherbakov, A, Gorchkov, D, Griaznykh, D, Gueinak, O, Korotchine, D, Kotegov, S, Maloiaroslavtsev, A, Naoumenko, M, Pavlov, I, Samarine, S, Skripov, R, Ballo, P, Lipka, J, Necas, V, Seberini, M, Vitazek, K, Aguilar-Benítez, M, Alberdi, J, Barcala, J M, Cerrada, M, Colino, N, Daniel, M, Fernández-García, M, Ferrando, A, Fouz-Iglesias, M C, Josa-Mutuberria, I, Ladrón de Guevara, P, Marin, J, Molinero, A, Oller, J C, Pablos, J L, Puerta-Pelayo, J, Romero, L, Salicio, J, Willmott, C, Albajar, C, Cuevas-Maestro, J, Arce, P, Calvo, E, Figueroa, C F, Gómez-Ceballos, G, González, I, López, J M, López-Virto, M A, Marco, J, Matorras, F, Rodrigo, T, Ruiz-Jimeno, A, Vila, I, García-Abia, P, Tauscher, Ludwig, Vlachos, S, Wadhwa, M, Abbaneo, D, Alemany-Fernandez, R, Annenkov, A N, Aspell, P, Auffray, Etiennette, Azzurri, P, Baillon, Paul, Ball, A, Barillère, R, Barney, D, Blechschmidt, Diether, Bloch, P, Bosteels, Michel, Braibant, S, Breuker, Horst, Brooks, P, Campi, D, Caner, A, Cano, E, Carena, F, Cattai, A, Cavallari, F, Cervelli, G, Chierici, R, Christiansen, J, Cittolin, Sergio, Curé, B, D'Ambrosio, C, de Roeck, A, De Visser, T, Delikaris, D, Della Negra, Michel, Peisert, Anna, Faure, B, Favara, A, Figueiredo, P, Föth, H, Folch, R, Frey, A, Funk, W, Fürtjes, A, Gaddi, A, Gayde, J C, Gerwig, H, Gill, K, Glessing, W D, Goudard, R, Gras, P, Grillet, J P, Gutleber, J, Hahn, F, Hameed-Khan, S, Hammarström, R, Hansen, M, Heijne, Erik H M, Hervé, Alain, Honma, A, Huhtinen, M, Innocente, Vincenzo, Jank, Werner, Janot, P, Jarron, Pierre, Kado, M, Kloukinas, Kostas C, Koch, C, Konecki, M, Kovács, Z, Lara, V, Lasseur, C, Le Goff, J M, Lebeau, M, Lecoq, P, Letheren, M F, Liendl, M, Ljuslin, C, Löfstedt, B, Loos, R, MacKenzie, P B, Malina, R, Mannelli, M, Manola-Poggioli, E, Marchioro, A, Marin, J C, Mariotti, C, Martínez-Rivero, C, Matheson, J, Maugain, J M, Meijers, F, Mermoud, M, Meschi, E, Migliore, E, Mocholí-Mocholí, J, Moutoussi, A, Neumeister, N, Nikitenko, A N, Oh, A, Onnela, A, Oriunno, M, Orsini, L, Pásztor, G, Pape, L, Palomares-Espiga, C, Passardi, Giorgio, Petagna, P, Pfeiffer, A, Pimiä, Martti, Pintus, R, Piotto, E, Pirollet, B, Placci, Alfredo, Porte, J P, Postema, H, Pothier, J, Principe, R, Quadt, A, Rácz, A, Rebecchi, P, Reis, P, Reynaud, S, Rezvani-Naraghi, H, Ribeiro, R, Roche, J, Rodrigues-Simoes-Moreira, P, Rohe, T, Rolandi, Luigi, Sakulin, H, Samyn, D, Santiard, Jean-Claude, Schleifer, W, Schmidt, R, Schröder, M, Schwick, C, Sempere-Roldan, P, Sharp, P, Siegrist, P, Siklér, F, Simma, A, Spagnolo, P, Sphicas, Paris, Stockinger, H E, Szoncsó, F, Taylor, B G, Tchougounov, D, Toifl, Thomas H, Tóth, N, Treille, D, Troska, Jan K, Tsesmelis, E, Tsirou, A L, Van Lingen, F, Vasey, F, Virdee, Tejinder S, Voss, H, Weingarten, Wolfgang, Wellisch, J P, Wertelaers, Piet, Wilhelmsson, M, Willers, Ian Malcolm, Winkler, M, Wynhoff, S, Barbero, M, Baur, R, Bertl, W, Deiters, K, Dick, P, Dijksman, A, Gabathuler, K, Gobrecht, J, Heidenreich, G, Horisberger, R P, Ingram, Q, Kotlinski, Danek, Morf, R H, Renker, D, Schnyder, R, Anderhub, H, Antchev, G, Badertscher, A, Barczyk, A, Betev, B L, Biland, A, Blau, Bertrand, Bourilkov, D, Bueno, A G, Campanelli, M, Cannarsa, P, Carpanese, C, Chivarov, N, Dittmar, Michael, Djambazov, L, Eichler, R, Erdmann, W, Faber, G, Faure, J L, Felcini, Marta, Freudenreich, Klaus, Gil-Botella, I, Grab, C, Hilgers, M, Hofer, H, Holzner, A, Horváth, I L, Humbertclaude, C, Iliev, Bozhidar Z, Ingenito, P, Kuipers, J P M, Le Coultre, P, Lecomte, P, List, B, Lustermann, W, Nanov, I, Nessi-Tedaldi, F, Ofierzynski, R A, Patino-Revuelta, A, Pauss, Felicitas, Rahal, G, Rico, J, Rivetta, C H, Röser, U, Rubbia, André, Rykaczewski, H, Schöning, A, Sinanis, N, Suter, H, Udriot, S, Ulbricht, J, Veltchev, I, Viertel, Gert M, Von Gunten, H P, Waldmeier-Wicki, S, Zanet, A, Amsler, Claude, Kaufmann, R, Pruys, H S, Regenfus, C, Riedler, P, Robmann, P, Speer, T, Steiner, S, Dumanoglu, I, Eskut, E, Kayis-Topaksu, A, Kuzucu-Polatoz, A, Onengüt, G, Ozdes-Koca, N, Guler, A M, Serin-Zeyrek, M, Sever, R, Tolun, P, Yildiz, H D, Zeyrek, M T, Gülmez, E, Unalan, R, Borisenko, A, Grinev, B, Lebedev, V, Lyubynskiy, V, Senchyshyn, V G, Vasilchuk, V, Levchuk, L G, Nemashkalo, A A, Popov, V, Sorokin, P, Duplij, S, Kluban, N A, Zalyubovskij, I I, Bailey, D S, Brooke, J J, Cussans, D G, Head, R D, Heath, G P, Heath, H F, MacKay, C K, Newbold, D, Presland, A D, Probert, M G, Smith, V J, Tapper, R J, Baker, N, Barry, A, Chevenier, G, Estrella, F, Mathers, G, McClatchey, R, Baird, S A, Barlow, R A, Bateman, E, Bell, K W, Brown, R M, Cockerill, D J A, Coughlan, J A, Denton, L, Flower, P S, Francis, V B, French, M, Greenhalgh, J, Halsall, R, Haynes, W J, Jacob, F R, Jeffreys, P W, Jones, L, Kennedy, B W, Lintern, A L, Lodge, A B, Maddox, J, Martin, S, Morrissey, Q R, Rabbetts, P D, Shah, A A, Smith, B, Spagnolo, S, Sproston, M, Stephenson, R, Thayaparan, P, Tomalin, I R, Torbet, M, Williams, J, Apollonio, M, Barber, G J, Beuselinck, R, Britton, D I, Cameron, W, Corrin, E, Davies, G, Foudas, C, Fulcher, J R, Hall, G, Hays, J, Iles, G, MacEvoy, B C, Marinelli, N, McLeod, E M, Noah-Messomo, E, Raymond, D M, Savage, P J, Seez, Christopher J, Toudup, L W, Walsham, P, Broadhead, R, Camanzi, B, Hobson, P R, Imrie, D C, McKemey, A K, Sharif, O, Watts, S J, Breedon, R, Cox, P T, Gunion, J F, Hershman, S, Holbrook, B, Ko, W, Lander, R, Murray, P, Pellett, D E, Smith, J, Tripathi, M M, Vogt, R, Bhattacharya, S, Branson, J G, Fisk, I, Fryckman, J P, MacFarlane, D, Mojaver, M, Paar, H P, Raven, G, Sharma, V, White, A, Arisaka, K, Attal, A, Chase, F, Cline, D, Cousins, R D, Erhan, S, Hauser, J, Lindgren, M, Matthey, C, Otwinowski, S, Pishchalnikov, Yu M, Schlein, Peter E, Shi, Y, Tannenbaum, B, Von der Mey, M, Wang, H G, Bunn, J J, Denis, G, Gálvez, P, Gataullin, M, Hafeez, M, Hickey, T, Holtman, K, Legrand, I, Litvine, V, Newman, H B, Samar, A, Shevchenko, S, Wilkinson, R P, Xia, L, Zhu, R Y, Clare, R, Crotty, Ian, Gary, J W, Layter, J G, Rick, Hartmut, Shen, B C, Sytnik, V V, Zer-Zion, D, Beetz, C P, Cirino, G, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, C, Winn, D, Acosta, D, Avery, P, Dolinski, S I, Field, R D, Gorn, L, Klimenko, S, Konigsberg, J, Korytov, A V, Madorsky, A, Mitselmakher, G, Nomerotski, A, Ramond, P, Scurlock, B, Wang, S M, Yelton, J, Baer, Howard W, Bertoldi, M, Goldman, H, Hagopian, S L, Hagopian, V, Johnson, K F, Prosper, H B, Thomaston, J, Wahl, H, Apollinari, G, Atac, Muzaffer, Aziz, S, Barsotti, E, Bauerdick, L A T, Baumbaugh, A E, Baur, Ulrich, Beretvas, A, Binkley, M, Bowden, M, Butler, J N, Chester, N S, Churkin, I N, Cihangir, S, Crisler, M, Denisov, D S, Diesburg, M, Eartly, D P, Elias, J E, Fehér, S, Flaugher, B L, Freeman, J, Gaines, I, Glass, H, Glenzinski, D A, Goldstein, J, Green, D, Hanlon, J, Hansen, S, Harris, R M, Incandela, J R, Joshi, U, Kwan, S, Lamm, M J, Lammel, S, Lazic, D, Lee, R, Lipton, R, Litmaath, M, Los, S V, Lukens, P, Maeshima, K, Marraffino, J M, Mishra, S, Mokhov, N V, Moore, Cristopher, Muzaffar, S, O'Dell, Vivian, Patrick, J, Pordes, R, Raja, R, Rapidis, P A, Reichanadter, M, Ronzhin, A, Rykalin, V I, Shaw, T, Shea, M, Skup, E, Smith, R P, Spiegel, L, Stuart, D, Suzuki, I, Tkaczyk, S M, Tschirhart, R S, Vidal, R, Wands, R, Wenzel, H, Whitmore, J, Womersley, W J, Wu Wei Min, Yagil, A, Yarba, V A, Adams, M R, Gerber, C E, Papageorgiou, K, Solomon, J, Gobbi, B, Malik, S, Tilden, R, Baumbaugh, B, Bishop, J M, Cason, N M, Hildreth, M, Karmgard, D J, Ruchti, R C, Warchol, J, Wayne, M, Barnes, Virgil E, Bölla, G, Bortoletto, Daniela, Bujak, A T, Garfinkel, A F, Gutay, L J, Kopal, M, Laasanen, A T, Medved, S A, Pal, I, Rott, C, Roy, A, Sedov, A, Anderson, E W, Chakir, H, Hauptman, J M, Krane, J, Akgun, U, Ayan, A S, Cooper, A, Fountain, M, McCliment, E, Merlo, J P, Miller, M J, Önel, Y M, Schmidt, I, Barnett, B A, Chien, C Y, Cho Hyo Sung, Liang, G, Swartz, M, Xie, X, Abdullin, S, Arcelli, S, Baden, D, Bard, R L, Eno, S, Fong, D, Grassi, T, Hadley, N J, Kellogg, R G, Kunori, S, Sharma, A, Skuja, A, Carey, R, Hazen, E S, Kearns, E T, Machado, E, Miller, J, Osborne, D, Roberts, B L, Rohlf, J, Sulak, Lawrence R, Sullivan, J D, Wu, S, Alverson, G, Fenker, H C, Gaponenko, I A, Moromisato, J H, Musienko, Yu V, Nicol, S, Paul, T, Reucroft, S, Swain, J D, Taylor, L, von Goeler, E, Yasuda, T, Bauer, G, Friedman, J, Paus, C, Pavlon, S, Rosenson, L, Sumorok, Konstanty, Tether, S, Tseng, J, Cushman, P B, Heering, A H, Kronkvist, I J, Rusack, R W, Singovsky, A V, Vikas, P, Bhatt, K, Booke, M, Cremaldi, L M, Kroeger, R A, Reidy, J, Sanders, D, Summers, D, Campbell, W B, Claes, D R, Lundstedt, C, Snow, G R, Bartz, E, Conway, J, Devlin, T, Doroshenko, J, Jacques, P F, Kalelkar, M S, Koeth, T W, Lath, A, Perera, L P, Schnetzer, S, Somalwar, S V, Stone, R, Thomson, G, Watts, T L, Bussat, J M, Denes, P, Gupta, V, Mans, J, Marlow, D, Piroué, P A, Stickland, D P, Tully, C, Wildish, T, Blusk, S R, Bodek, Arie, Budd, H, De Barbaro, P, Dyshkant, A, Ginther, G, Kruse, M, Ruggiero, D, Sakumoto, W, Slattery, P F, Tipton, P, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L S, Gilmore, J, Gu, J, Herman, D, Kim, C, Larsen, D, Ling, T Y, Rush, C J, Sehgal, V, Ferguson, T, Russ, J, Terentyev, N K, Vogel, H, Vorobev, I, Adams, N, Corcoran, M, Eppley, G, Lamas-Valverde, J, Matveev, M, Miettinen, H, Nussbaum, T, Padley, P, Platner, E D, Roberts, J, Yepes, P, Akchurin, N, Cranshaw, J, Nagaslaev, V, Papadimitriou, V, Sill, A F, Wigmans, R, Chaney, R C, Fenyves, Ervin J, Hammack, H D, O'Malley, M R, Suson, D J, Meyer, H, Mo, L, Nunamaker, T A, Carlsmith, D, Chumney, P, Dasu, S, Feyzi, F, Jaworski, M, Lackey, J R, Loveless, R, Lusin, S, Reeder, D, Smith, W H, Avezov, A, Belov, M, Bisenov, N T, Gafarov, A A, Gasanov, E, Ibragimova, E, Kim, G, Koblik, Yu N, Rakhmatov, N, Rustamov, I, Shukrullo, I, Urkinbaev, A R, and Yuldashev, B S

Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Published
2004

14. What Is It Like to Be a Game?—Object Oriented Inquiry for Games Research, Design, and Evaluation

Author

Katta Spiel and Lennart E. Nacke

Subjects
object-oriented inquiry, evaluation, speculation, design, games, play, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers more and more challenge the notion of technologies as objects and humans as subjects. This conceptualization has led to various approaches inquiring into object perspectives within HCI. Even though the development and analysis of games and players is filled with notions of intersubjectivity, games research has yet to embrace an object oriented perspective. Through an analysis of existing methods, we show how Object-Oriented Inquiry offers a useful, playful, and speculative lens to pro-actively engage with and reflect on how we might know what it is like to be a game. We illustrate how to actively attend to a game's perspective as a valid position. This has the potential to not only sharpen our understanding of implicit affordances but, in turn, about our assumptions regarding play and games more generally. In a series of case studies, we apply several object-oriented methods across three methodological explorations on becoming, being, and acting as a game, and illustrate their usefulness for generating meaningful insights for game design and evaluation. Our work contributes to emerging object-oriented practices that acknowledge the agency of technologies within HCI at large and its games-oriented strand in particular.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. A discriminator code–based DTD surveillance ensures faithful glycine delivery for protein biosynthesis in bacteria

Author

Santosh Kumar Kuncha, Katta Suma, Komal Ishwar Pawar, Jotin Gogoi, Satya Brata Routh, Sambhavi Pottabathini, Shobha P Kruparani, and Rajan Sankaranarayanan

Subjects
proofreading, translation, genetic code, tRNA, synthetase, protein synthesis, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) acts on achiral glycine, in addition to D-amino acids, attached to tRNA. We have recently shown that this activity enables DTD to clear non-cognate Gly-tRNAAla with 1000-fold higher efficiency than its activity on Gly-tRNAGly, indicating tRNA-based modulation of DTD (Pawar et al., 2017). Here, we show that tRNA’s discriminator base predominantly accounts for this activity difference and is the key to selection by DTD. Accordingly, the uracil discriminator base, serving as a negative determinant, prevents Gly-tRNAGly misediting by DTD and this protection is augmented by EF-Tu. Intriguingly, eukaryotic DTD has inverted discriminator base specificity and uses only G3•U70 for tRNAGly/Ala discrimination. Moreover, DTD prevents alanine-to-glycine misincorporation in proteins rather than only recycling mischarged tRNAAla. Overall, the study reveals the unique co-evolution of DTD and discriminator base, and suggests DTD’s strong selection pressure on bacterial tRNAGlys to retain a pyrimidine discriminator code.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Role of D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase beyond chiral proofreading as a cellular defense against glycine mischarging by AlaRS

Author

Komal Ishwar Pawar, Katta Suma, Ayshwarya Seenivasan, Santosh Kumar Kuncha, Satya Brata Routh, Shobha P Kruparani, and Rajan Sankaranarayanan

Subjects
translation, genetic code, amino acids, chirality, tRNA synthetase, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Strict L-chiral rejection through Gly-cisPro motif during chiral proofreading underlies the inability of D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) to discriminate between D-amino acids and achiral glycine. The consequent Gly-tRNAGly ‘misediting paradox’ is resolved by EF-Tu in the cell. Here, we show that DTD’s active site architecture can efficiently edit mischarged Gly-tRNAAla species four orders of magnitude more efficiently than even AlaRS, the only ubiquitous cellular checkpoint known for clearing the error. Also, DTD knockout in AlaRS editing-defective background causes pronounced toxicity in Escherichia coli even at low-glycine levels which is alleviated by alanine supplementation. We further demonstrate that DTD positively selects the universally invariant tRNAAla-specific G3•U70. Moreover, DTD’s activity on non-cognate Gly-tRNAAla is conserved across all bacteria and eukaryotes, suggesting DTD’s key cellular role as a glycine deacylator. Our study thus reveals a hitherto unknown function of DTD in cracking the universal mechanistic dilemma encountered by AlaRS, and its physiological importance.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Elongation Factor Tu Prevents Misediting of Gly-tRNA(Gly) Caused by the Design Behind the Chiral Proofreading Site of D-Aminoacyl-tRNA Deacylase.

Author

Satya Brata Routh, Komal Ishwar Pawar, Sadeem Ahmad, Swati Singh, Katta Suma, Mantu Kumar, Santosh Kumar Kuncha, Kranthikumar Yadav, Shobha P Kruparani, and Rajan Sankaranarayanan

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) removes D-amino acids mischarged on tRNAs and is thus implicated in enforcing homochirality in proteins. Previously, we proposed that selective capture of D-aminoacyl-tRNA by DTD's invariant, cross-subunit Gly-cisPro motif forms the mechanistic basis for its enantioselectivity. We now show, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based binding studies followed by biochemical assays with both bacterial and eukaryotic systems, that DTD effectively misedits Gly-tRNAGly. High-resolution crystal structure reveals that the architecture of DTD's chiral proofreading site is completely porous to achiral glycine. Hence, L-chiral rejection is the only design principle on which DTD functions, unlike other chiral-specific enzymes such as D-amino acid oxidases, which are specific for D-enantiomers. Competition assays with elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu) and DTD demonstrate that EF-Tu precludes Gly-tRNAGly misediting at normal cellular concentrations. However, even slightly higher DTD levels overcome this protection conferred by EF-Tu, thus resulting in significant depletion of Gly-tRNAGly. Our in vitro observations are substantiated by cell-based studies in Escherichia coli that show that overexpression of DTD causes cellular toxicity, which is largely rescued upon glycine supplementation. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that DTD is an RNA-based catalyst, since it uses only the terminal 2'-OH of tRNA for catalysis without the involvement of protein side chains. The study therefore provides a unique paradigm of enzyme action for substrate selection/specificity by DTD, and thus explains the underlying cause of DTD's activity on Gly-tRNAGly. It also gives a molecular and functional basis for the necessity and the observed tight regulation of DTD levels, thereby preventing cellular toxicity due to misediting.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Association of the del443ins54 at the ARMS2 locus in Indian and Australian cohorts with age-related macular degeneration

Author

Kaur I, Cantsilieris S, Katta S, Aj, Richardson, Schache M, Rr, Pappuru, Raja Narayanan, Mathai A, Ab, Majji, Tindill N, Rh, Guymer, Chakrabarti S, and Pn, Baird

Subjects
Serine Endopeptidases, Australia, India, Proteins, High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Linkage Disequilibrium, Cohort Studies, Macular Degeneration, Gene Frequency, Haplotypes, INDEL Mutation, Genetic Loci, Risk Factors, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Association Studies, Research Article
Abstract

The ARMS2/HTRA1 genes at the 10q26 locus have been associated with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the most significantly associated variants being A69S (rs10490924), del443ins54 (EU427539) and rs11200638. We wished to explore the association of the del443ins54 in two ethnically different populations from India and Australia.The del443ins54 was screened in a large cohort of ~1500 subjects from these two populations by a combination of PCR-based agarose gel electrophoresis and validated by resequencing. Statistical analysis comprised the calculations of allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies along with their p values and corresponding odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD).The del443ins54 was significantly associated with AMD in both the Indian (p=1.74 × 10(-13); OR = 2.80, 95%CI, 2.12-3.70) and Australian cohorts (p = 2.78 × 10(-30); OR = 3.15, 95%CI, 2.58-3.86). These associations were similar to those previously identified for the A69S and the rs11200638 variant in these populations that also exhibited high degrees of LD (D' of 0.87-0.99). A major risk haplotype of "T-indel-A" (p = 5.7 × 10(-16); OR = 3.16, 95%CI, 2.34-4.19 and p=6.33 × 10(-30); OR = 3.15, 95%CI, 2.57-3.85) and a protective haplotype of "G-wild type-G" (p=2.35 × 10(-11); OR = 0.39, 95%CI, 0.29-0.52 and p=1.02 × 10(-30); OR = 0.31, 95%CI, 0.25-0.38) were identified in the Indian and Australian cohorts, respectively.These data provide an independent replication of the association of del443ins54 variant in two different ethnicities, despite differences in allele and haplotype frequencies between them. High levels of LD in both populations limit further genetic dissection of this region in AMD.

21. CMS : the TriDAS Project Technical Design Report; v.1, the Trigger Systems

Author

L. Bayatyan, G., Grigorian, N., G. Khachatrian, V., T. Margarian, A., M. Sirunyan, A., Adam, W., Brügger, M., Erö, J., Fierro, M., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, A., Krammer, M., Pernicka, M., Porth, P., Rohringer, H., Rurua, L., Taurok, A., Walzel, G., Wedenig, R., E. Wulz, C., G. Baryshevsky, V., Fedorov, A., L. Gorodishenin, N., V. Korzhik, M., V. Missevitch, O., Panov, V., Zuyeuski, R., B. Zalessky, V., Ermalitsky, F., Kuchinskii, P., M. Lomako, V., Petrov, V., Prosolovich, V., Devroede, O., Goorens, R., Lemonne, J., Tavernier, S., Udo, F., W. K. Van, Doninck, L. Van, Lancker, Bertrand, D., G. De, Lentdecker, Stefanescu, J., Velde C. Van, Der, Vanlaer, P., Favart, D., Govaerts, J., Grégoire, G., Lemaître, V., Ninane, A., Piotrzkowski, K., Aa O. Van, Der, Boulogne, I., Daubie, E., Herquet, P., Beaumont, W., Beckers, T., E. De, Langhe, Moortgat, F., Verbeure, F., Zhukov, V., Abadjiev, K., Anguelov, T., H. Atanasov, I., Damgov, J., Dimitrov, L., Genchev, V., Georgiev, G., Iaydjiev, P., Kounov, B., Penchev, L., Raykov, P., G. Sultanov, G., Vankov, I., Vankov, P., Darmenov, N., Gritskov, A., Jordanov, A., B. Litov, L., Mateev, M., Petev, P., Spassov, V., Tchijov, M., Tsenov, R., V. Velev, G., G. Bian, J., Chen, C., M. Chen, G., N. Guo, Y., T. He, J., H. Jiang, C., N. Jin, B., J. Ke, Z., Li, J., G. Li, W., Nan Li, Xiao, F. Qiu, J., W. Shen, B., Y. Shen, X., Y. Sheng, H., Y. Wang, Y., Sheng Xu, Rong, Yang, M., Yun Zhang, Bing, W. Zhang, J., Q. Zhang, S., Ren Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Z., Ping Zheng, Jian, Y. Zhu, G., S. Zhu, Y., Ban, Y., Cai, J., Erh Chen, Jia, Tao Liu, Hong, Qiu Liu, Song, Qiao Lou, Bin, J. Qian, S., Lin Ye, Yan, An, Q., Bian, Z., Chen, H., F. Gong, Z., Li, Chuan, S. Shri, C., Z. Sun, L., L. Wang, X., M. Wang, Z., Wu, J., Wei Ye, Shu, P. Zhang, Z., Deng, Q., J. Li, P., Z. Shen, D., L. Xue, Z., B. Yuan, H., H. Chang, Y., E. Chen, A., Go, A., Lin, W., Chang, P., W. S. Hou, G., Ueno, K., Godinovic, N., Milin, M., Puljak, I., Soric, I., Stipcevic, M., Tudoric-Ghemo, J., Antunovic, Z., Dzelalija, M., Marasovic, K., Hasan, A., A. Razis, P., Vorvolakos, A., Hall, A., Lippmaa, E., Lippmaa, J., Raidal, M., Subbi, J., A. Aarnio, Pertti, Banzuzi, K., M. Heikkinen, A., V. Heinonen, J., Honkanen, A., Karimäki, Veikko, M. Katajisto, H., Kinnunen, Ritva, M. Lassila-Perini, K., Lefébure, V., Pietarinen, E., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Ungaro, D., P. Vanhala, T., Williams, C., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Äystö, Juha, Julin, R., V. Ruuskanen, P., Kallijarvi, S., Keränen, A., Palmu, L., Remes, K., Suhonen, E., Tuuva, T., Niittylahti, J., Vainio, O., Baek, Y.W., Boget, D., Ditta, J., Drobychev, G., Guillaud, J.P., Maire, M., Mendiburu, J.P., Nédélec, P., Peigneux, J.P., Schneegans, M., Sillou, D., Anfreville, M., Bonamy, P., Bouchand, C., Chipaux, R., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., X. Gentit, F., Givernaud, A., Kircher, F., Lemoigne, Y., Locci, E., P. Lottin, J., C. Nguyen, M., P. Pansart, J., Payn, A., Rander, J., M. Reymond, J., Rondeaux, F., Rosowsky, A., Roth, P., Verrecchia, P., Badier, J., Bercher, M., Bourotte, J., Busson, P., Chamont, D., Charlot, C., Dobrzynski, L., Gilly, J., Haguenauer, M., Karar, A., B. Kim, G., Kluberg, L., Lecouturier, D., Matricon, P., Milleret, G., Miné, P., Morano, R., Paganini, P., Poilleux, P., Romanteau, T., Albert, A., Berst, J.D., Blaes, R., Brom, J.M., Charles, F., Coffin, J., Didierjean, F., Drouhin, F., Ernenwein, J.P., Fontaine, J.C., Geist, W., Goerlach, U., Helleboid, J.M., Huss, D., Illinger, C., Juillot, P., Lounis, A., Maazouzi, C., Moreau, S., Riahi, Y., Ripp-Baudot, I., Todorov, T., Vintache, D., Zghiche, A., Ageron, M., Bedjidian, M., Chabanat, E., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Depasse, P., Drapier, O., Dupanloup, M., El-Mamouni, H., Fay, J., M. Gascon-Shotkin, S., Giraud, N., Girerd, C., Goyot, M., Haroutunian, R., Ille, B., Lebrun, P., Lethuillier, M., P. Martin, J., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., S. Muanza, G., Perriès, S., Sahuc, P., Smadja, G., Tissot, S., P. Walder, J., Zach, F., S. Amaglobeli, N., S. Bagaturia, Yu, Glonti, L., G. Kartvelishvili, V., A. Kvatadze, R., A. Mzhavia, D., M. Sakhelashvili, T., G. Shanidze, R., B. Tsamalaidze, Z., Djaoshvili, N., Iashvili, I., I. Kharchilava, A., N. Roinishvili, N., N. Roinishvili, V., Berger, C., Braunschweig, W., Breibach, J., H. Gu, W., Heister, A., Karpinski, W., Kirn, T., König, S., Kukulies, C., Ya Ostapchuk, A., Pandoulas, D., Pierschel, G., Raupach, F., Schael, S., Schmitz, D., Dratzig A. Schultz, Von, Siedling, R., Wallraff, W., Wittmer, B., Banicz, K., Bechstein, S., Böhm, A., Bosseler, K., Faissner, H., S. Fesefeldt, H., Hermann, S., Ivannikov, A., Rein, D., Reithler, H., Szczesny, H., Tonutti, M., Wegner, M., Axer, M., Beissel, F., Commichau, V., Flügge, G., Hangarter, K., Macke, D., Mnich, J., Nowak, A., Petertill, M., Schmitz, P., Schulte, R., Sonnenschein, L., Zander, A., W. Grünewald, M., Hebbeker, T., Höpfner, K., Rosca, A., Bartsch, V., P. Blüm, H., W. De, Boer, Dierlamm, A., Dirkes, G., Drollinger, V., Erdmann, M., Feindt, M., Grigoriev, E., Hartmann, F., Hauler, F., Heiss, A., Müller, T., Roederer, F., J. Simonis, H., Skiba, A., Theel, A., H. Thümmel, W., Weiler, T.J., Weseler, S., K. Resvanis, L., Adzic, P., Barone, M., Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I., K. Fanourakis, G., Geralis, T., Harissopoulos, S., Kokkinias, P., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Markou, A., Markou, C., Mastroyiannopoulos, N., Mousa, J., Siotis, I., Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M., Staveris-Polykalas, A., G. Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Vayaki, A., Zachariadou, K., Zupan, M., Asimidis, A., Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Mitropoulos, O., Prouskas, K., A. Triantis, F., Tzoulis, N., Bagoly, Z., L. Bencze, G., Csilling, Akos, Hajdu, C., Hidas, P., Horváth, D., Ódor, G., Ster, A., Urbàn, L., Vesztergombi, G., Zálán, P., Zsenei, M., Dajkó, G., Fenyvesi, A., Molnár, J., Pálinkás, J., Sohler, D., László Trócsányi, Zoltán, Vamosi, J., Végh, J., Baksay, L., Bondar, T., Juhász, S., Marian, G., Nagy, S., Raics, P., Szabo, J., Szabó, Z., Szegedi, S., Szillási, Z., Sztaricskai, T., Tarjan, P., Zilizi, G., B. Bala, S., Bhatnagar, V., Kaur, M., M. Kohli, J., Singh, J., Borkar, S., Chandratre, V., K. Chaudhury, R., Y. Dixit, M., Ghodgaonkar, M., John, B., K. Kataria, S., K. Mohanty, A., Topkar, A., Aziz, T., Banerjee, S., R. Chendvankar, S., V. Deshpande, P., N. Ganguli, S., Gurtu, A., Katta, S., Maity, M., Mazumdar, K., R. Patil, M., C. Tonwar, S., S. Acharya, B., Bheesette, S., Dugad, S., D. Kalmani, S., R. Krishnaswamy, M., R. Lakkireddi, V., K. Mondal, N., Panyam, N., Vemuri, N., Verma, P., I. Bhardwaj, A., K. Shivpuri, R., K. Verma, V., Abbrescia, M., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., M. De, Palma, Fiore, L., Iaselli, G., Loddo, F., Maggi, G., Marangelli, B., Menegotto, M., My, S., Natali, S., Nuzzo, S., Pugliese, G., Radicci, V., Ranieri, A., Romano, F., Ruggieri, F., Selvaggi, G., Silvestris, L., Tempesta, P., Zito, G., Benvenuti, A.C., Capiluppi, P., R. Cavallo, F., Cuffiani, M., D'Antone, I., M. Dallavalle, G., Fabbri, F.L., Fanfani, A., Giacomelli, G., Giacomelli, P., Grandi, C., Guerzoni, M., Marcellini, S., Mazzanti, P., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Navarria, F.L., Odorici, F., Perrotta, A., Rossi, A., Rovelli, T., P. Siroli, G., Travaglini, R., Albergo, S., Bellini, V., Castorina, P., Cavalieri, S., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., L. Lo, Monaco, Potenza, R., Russo, V., Tricomi, A., Tuvé, C., Bellucci, L., Biggeri, U., Borchi, E., Bruzzi, M., Buffini, A., Busoni, S., Castellini, G., Civinini, C., D'Alessandro, R., Focardi, E., Landi, G., Lenzi, M., Meschini, M., Minelli, C., Parrini, G., Pieri, M., Pirollo, S., Sciortino, S., Bozzo, M., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Musenich, R., Priano, C., Berti, L., Biasotto, M., Gastaldi, U., Gulmini, M., Maron, G., Toniolo, N., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bellato, M., Benettoni, M., Bisello, D., Candelori, A., Castro, A., Checchia, P., Conti, E., M. De, Giorgi, A. De, Min, Dosselli, U., Fanin, C., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gonella, F., Kaminski, A., Lacaprara, S., Lippi, I., Loreti, M., T. Meneguzzo, A., Michelotto, M., Montecassiano, F., Neviani, A., Paccagnella, A., Paoletti, S., Passaseo, M., Pegoraro, M., Ronchese, P., Stavitski, I., Torassa, E., Ventura, L., Ventura, S., Verlato, M., L. Zotto, P., Zumerle, G., Altieri, S., Belli, G., Bruno, G., Guida, R., Merlo, M., P. Ratti, S., Riccardi, C., Torre, P., Vitulo, P., M. Angarano, M., Babucci, E., Biasini, M., M. Bilei, G., T. Brunetti, M., Ceccotti, F., Checcucci, B., A. Giorgi, M., Lariccia, P., C. Mantovani, G., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Postolache, V., Santinelli, R., Santocchia, A., Scorzoni, A., Servoli, L., Tommasi, G., Angelini, F., Bagliesi, G., Bardi, A., Basti, A., Bellazzini, R., Bernardini, J., Borrello, L., Bosi, F., L. Braccini, P., Brez, A., Carosi, R., Castaldi, R., Chiarelli, G., Ciulli, V., Dell'Orso, M., Dell'Orso, R., Donati, S., Dutta, S., Foà, Lorenzo, Galeotti, S., Giannetti, P., Giassi, A., Giusti, S., Iannaccone, G., Latronico, L., Ligabue, F., Lumb, N., Magazzù, G., Mariani, M., M. Massai, M., Messineo, A., Militaru, O., Moggi, A., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Punzi, G., Raffaelli, F., Ristori, L., Sanguinetti, G., Sciabà, A., Segneri, G., Sguazzoni, G., Spandre, G., Spezziga, M., Spinella, F., N. Starodumov, A., Tenchini, R., Teodorescu, L., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., G. Verdini, P., Wang, J., Xie, Z., Baccaro, S., Barone, L., Bartoloni, A., Castellani, M., Cecilia, A., Dafinei, I., F. De, Notaristefani, Diemoz, M., Festinesi, A., Longo, E., Meridiani, P., Montecchi, M., Organtini, G., Puccini, M., Valente, E., Zullo, A., Amapane, N., Arneodo, M., Bertolino, F., Biino-Palestini, C., Cirio, R., Costa, M., Dattola, D., Daudo, F., V. Del, Duca, Demaria, L., Favro, G., I. Ferrero, M., Maselli, S., Monaco, V., Peroni, C., Romero, A., Sacchi, R., Solano, A., Staiano, A., Vitelli, A., J. Kim, Y., U. Kim, Y., Kwon Nam, Soon, Y. Bahk, S., I. Jang, H., Y. Kim, J., I. Kim, T., T. Lim, I., Y. Pac, M., J. Lee, S., T. Rhee, J., Ahn, S., Hong, B., J. Hong, S., S. Lee, K., K. Park, H., K. Park, S., S. Sim, K., G. Koo, D., J. Kim, B., B. Kim, S., H. Park, I., G. Cheon, B., I. Choi, Y., H. Chung, W., W. Ham, S., M. Jeon, H., H. Kim, D., Kim, G., Y. Kim, W., K. Oh, S., Ro, S., C. Son, D., Aftab, Z., A. Ahmad, M., J. Alam, J., Bhatti, N., Hasanain, K., R. Hoorani, H., K. Khan, M., M. Khan, S., Niaz, A., Riazuddin, M., Solaija, T., R. Ahmad, J., U. Awan, I., Iftikhar, N., A. Khan, M., U. Mirza, M., Muhammad, A., Zeb, J., Cwiok, M., Czyrkowski, H., Dabrowski, R., Dominik, W., Kazana, M., Królikowski, J., G. Kudla, I., Majewski, P., Pietrusinski, M., Pozniak, K., Zych, P., Gokieli, R., Górski, M., Goscilo, L., Wrochna, G., Zalewski, Piotr, Almeida, C., Almeida, N., Augusto, J., Barata-Monteiro, T., Bordalo, P., Cardoso, N., S. Da, Mota-Silva, J. Da, Silva, P. Dias, O., Gomes, J., M. Gonçalves, F., Ramos, S., Santos, M., Sequeira-Lopes-Tavares, S., Silva, S., Simoes-Azevedo, C., Teixeira, I., P. Teixeira, J., Varela, J., V. Afanasiev, S., Anisimov, I., V. Bandurin, D., A. Belkov, A., A. Chatrchyan, S., E. Cheremuhin, A., V. Cheshkov, C., S. Chvyrov, A., Dmitriev, A., Elsha, V., V. Erchov, Yu, H. Finger, M., A. Golutvin, I., A. Gorbunov, N., M. Gramenitskii, I., Ivantchenko, I., Janata, A., Kalagin, V., Yu Karjavin, V., S. Khabarov, V., T. Kiryushin, Yu, I. Kolesnikov, V., F. Konoplyanikov, V., V. Korenkov, V., Kossarev, I., Koutov, A., I. Kracíková, T., Krasnov, V., G. Litvinenko, A., Lysiakov, V., Malakhov, A., Mechtcheriakov, G., A. Melnichenko, I., Mitsyn, V., Moissenz, P., Movchan, S., V. Palichik, V., P. Perelygin, V., P. Petukhov, Yu, Popov, M., Pose, D., Pose, R., Samoshkin, A., V. Savina, M., Sergeev, S., V. Shmatov, S., N. Skatchkova, A., Smirnov, V., A. Smolin, D., A. Tikhonenko, E., V. Uzhinskii, V., Vlasov, N., G. Volodko, A., Yukaev, A., I. Zamiatin, N., V. Zarubin, A., I. Zarubin, P., V. Zubarev, E., G. Atamanchuk, A., Barashko, V., F. Bondar, N., Chtchipounov, L., Denissov, A., E. Gavrilov, G., L. Golovtsov, V., Gusev, Y., B. Ivanov, Yu, Kisselev, O., Kozlov, V., Kouznetsova, E., Lobatchev, E., Makarenkov, G., Orichtchine, E., Petrunin, A., E. Prokofiev, O., Rasmislovich, V., V. Razmyslovich, B., Sknar, V., Smirnov, I., Sobolev, S., Soulimov, V., Souvorov, V., Vasilev, A., Velitchko, G., Volkov, S., A. Vorobyov, A., S. Atoyan, G., N. Bolotov, V., N. Gninenko, S., A. Goloubev, N., V. Gushin, E., M. Kirsanov, M., Kovzelev, A., V. Krasnikov, N., V. Laptev, S., Matveev, V., Pashenkov, A., Poliarouch, A., E. Postoev, V., Proskouriakov, A., Sadovskii, A., N. Semeniouk, I., Shmatkov, V., Skassyrskaya, A., N. Toropin, A., Dorochkevitch, E., Gavrilov, V., S. Kaftanov, V., I. Khanov, A., Kisselevitch, I., Kolosov, V., Kossov, M., Koulechov, S., Krokhotine, A., Oulianov, A., Stepanov, N., Stoline, V., Uzunyan, S., G. Devitsin, E., M. Fomenko, A., S. Konovalova, N., I. Lebedev, A., A. Loktionova, N., Lvova, N., Potashov, S., V. Rusakov, S., R. Terkulov, A., Belsky, A., Bodyagin, V., Boos, E., Cherstnev, A., I. Demianov, A., N. Dubinin, M., V. Dudko, L., Erchov, A., Gloukhov, R., Gribushin, A., Ilyin, V., Kodolova, O., L. Korotkikh, V., Krioukov, A., A. Kruglov, N., Lokhtin, I.P., V. Mikhailin, V., Petrouchanko, S., Poukhov, A., I. Sarycheva, L., Slad, V., Sniguirev, A., N. Vardanian, I., Chmelev, D., Ivanov, A., Koudinov, V., Logatchev, O., Onishchenko, S., Orlov, A., Sakharov, V., Smetannikov, V., Zavodthikov, S., Abramov, A., Abramov, V., L. Azhgirey, I., Bitioukov, S., Datsko, K., V. Dolgopolov, A., Evdokimov, V., P. Falaleev, V., I. Goncharov, P., V. Inyakin, A., A. Katchanov, V., V. Kharlov, Yu, I. Klioukhine, V., Kolatcheva, E., M. Korablev, V., P. Korneev, Yu, V. Kostritskii, A., N. Krinitsyn, A., I. Kryshkin, V., Lapyguina, O., Levine, A., Markov, A., Medvedev, V., Oukhanov, M., Pak, V., I. Patalakha, D., A. Pikalov, V., Potapov, V., Riabov, A., V. Sannikov, A., Shagin, P., Simonova, Z., Skvortsova, E., Slabospitski, S., Sobol, A., L. Solovianov, V., Sougonyaev, V., Stepouchkine, S., Surkov, A., Sytin, A., Tchuiko, B., Tereshchenko, S., M. Troshin, S., K. Turchanovich, L., E. Tyurin, N., V. Uzunian, A., Volkov, A., A. Zaichenko, A., Zelepoukine, S., Andriyash, A., Chtcherbakov, A., Gorchkov, D., Griaznykh, D., Gueinak, O., Korotchine, D., Kotegov, S., Maloiaroslavtsev, A., Naoumenko, M., Pavlov, I., Samarine, S., Skripov, R., Ballo, P., Lipka, J., Necas, V., Seberini, M., Vitazek, K., Aguilar-Benítez, Manuel, Alberdi, J., M. Barcala, J., Cerrada, M., Colino, N., Daniel, M., Fernández-García, M., Ferrando, A., C. Fouz-Iglesias, M., Josa-Mutuberria, I., Guevara P. Ladrón, De, Marin, J., Molinero, A., C. Oller, J., L. Pablos, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Romero, L., Salicio, J., Willmott, C., Albajar, C., Cuevas-Maestro, J., Arce, P., Calvo, E., F. Figueroa, C., Gómez-Ceballos, G., González, I., M. López, J., A. López-Virto, M., Marco, J., Matorras, F., Rodrigo, T., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Vila, I., García-Abia, P., Tauscher, Ludwig, Vlachos, S., Wadhwa, M., Abbaneo, D., Alemany-Fernandez, R., N. Annenkov, A., Aspell, P., Auffray, E., Azzurri, P., Baillon, P., Ball, A., Barillère, R., Barney, D., Blechschmidt, D., Bloch, P., Bosteels, M., Braibant, S., Breuker, H., Brooks, P., Campi, D., Caner, A., Cano, E., Carena, F., Cattai, A., Cavallari, F., Cervelli, G., Chierici, R., Christiansen, J., Cittolin, S., Curé, B., D'Ambrosio, C., A. De, Roeck, T. De, Visser, Delikaris, D., Della, N.M., Peisert, A., Faure, B., Favara, A., Figueiredo, P., Föth, H., Folch, R., Frey, A., Funk, W., Fürtjes, A., Gaddi, A., C. Gayde, J., Gerwig, H., Gill, K., D. Glessing, W., Goudard, R., Gras, P., P. Grillet, J., Gutleber, J., Hahn, F., Hameed-Khan, S., Hammarström, R., Hansen, M., H. M. Heijne, Erik, Hervé, Alain, Honma, A., Huhtinen, M., Innocente, V., Jank, Werner, Janot, P., Jarron, P., Kado, M., Kloukinas, K.C., Koch, C., Konecki, M., Kovács, Z., Lara, V., Lasseur, C., J. M. Le, Goff, Lebeau, M., Lecoq, P., F. Letheren, M., Liendl, M., Ljuslin, C., Löfstedt, B., Loos, R., B. Mackenzie, P., Malina, R., Mannelli, M., Manola-Poggioli, E., Marchioro, A., C. Marin, J., Mariotti, C., Martínez-Rivero, C., Matheson, J., M. Maugain, J., Meijers, F., Mermoud, M., Meschi, E., Migliore, E., J. Mocholi, Moncholi, Moutoussi, A., Neumeister, N., N. Nikitenko, A., Oh, A., Onnela, A., Oriunno, M., orsini, L., Pásztor, G., Pape, L., Palomares-Espiga, C., Passardi, G., Petagna, P., Pfeiffer, A., Pimiä, M., Pintus, R., Piotto, E., Pirollet, B., Placci, A., P. Porte, J., Postema, H., Pothier, J., Principe, R., Quadt, A., Rácz, A., Rebecchi, P., Reis, P., Reynaud, S., Rezvani-Naraghi, H., Ribeiro, R., Roche, J., Rodrigues-Simoes-Moreira, P., Rohe, T., Rolandi, L., Sakulin, H., Samyn, D., C. Santiard, J., Schleifer, W., Schmidt, R., Schröder, M., Schwick, C., Sempere-Roldan, P., Sharp, P., Siegrist, P., Siklér, F., Simma, A., Spagnolo, P., Sphicas, P., E. Stockinger, H., Szoncsó, F., G. Taylor, B., Tchougounov, D., Toifl, T.H., Tóth, N., Treille, D., Troska, J.K., Tsesmelis, E., L. Tsirou, A., F. Van, Lingen, Vasey, F., S. Virdee, Tejinder, Voss, H., Weingarten, W., P. Wellisch, J., Wertelaers, P., Wilhelmsson, M., Malcolm Willers, Ian, Winkler, M., Wynhoff, S., Barbero, M., Baur, R., Bertl, W., Deiters, K., Dick, P., Dijksman, A., Gabathuler, K., Gobrecht, J., Heidenreich, G., P. Horisberger, R., Ingram, Q., Kotlinski, D., H. Morf, R., Renker, D., Schnyder, R., Anderhub, H., Antchev, G., Badertscher, A., Barczyk, A., L. Betev, B., Biland, A., Blau, B., Bourilkov, D., G. Bueno, A., Campanelli, M., Cannarsa, P., Carpanese, C., Chivarov, N., Dittmar, M., Djambazov, L., Eichler, R., Erdmann, W., Faber, G., L. Faure, J., Felcini, M., Freudenreich, K., Gil-Botella, I., Grab, C., Hilgers, M., Hofer, H., Holzner, A., L. Horváth, I., Humbertclaude, C., Z. Iliev, B., Ingenito, P., P. M. Kuipers, J., P. Le, Coultre, Lecomte, P., List, B., Lustermann, W., Nanov, I., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., A. Ofierzynski, R., Patino-Revuelta, A., Pauss, F., Rahal, G., Rico, J., H. Rivetta, C., Röser, U., Rubbia, A., Rykaczewski, H., Schöning, A., Sinanis, N., Suter, H., Udriot, S., Ulbricht, J., Veltchev, I., M. Viertel, Gert, H. P. Von, Gunten, Waldmeier-Wicki, S., Zanet, A., Amsler, C., Kaufmann, R., S. Pruys, H., Regenfus, C., Riedler, P., Robmann, P., Speer, T., Steiner, S., Dumanoglu, I., Eskut, E., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kuzucu-Polatoz, A., Onengüt, G., Ozdes-Koca, N., M. Guler, A., Serin-Zeyrek, M., Sever, R., Tolun, P., D. Yildiz, H., T. Zeyrek, M., Gülmez, E., Unalan, R., Borisenko, A., Grinev, B., Lebedev, V., Lyubynskiy, V., Senchyshyn, V., Vasilchuk, V., G. Levchuk, L., Nemashkalo, A., Popov, V., Sorokin, P., Duplij, S., A. Kluban, N., I. Zalyubovskij, I., S. Bailey, D., J. Brooke, J., G. Cussans, D., D. Head, R., P. Heath, G., F. Heath, H., K. Mackay, C., Newbold, D., D. Presland, A., G. Probert, M., J. Smith, V., J. Tapper, R., Baker, N., Barry, A., Chevenier, G., Estrella, F., Mathers, G., McClatchey, R., A. Baird, S., A. Barlow, R., Bateman, E., W. Bell, K., M. Brown, R., J. A. Cockerill, D., A. Coughlan, J., Denton, L., S. Flower, P., B. Francis, V., French, M., Greenhalgh, J., Halsall, R., J. Haynes, W., R. Jacob, F., W. Jeffreys, P., Jones, L., W. Kennedy, B., L. Lintern, A., B. Lodge, A., Maddox, J., Martin, S., R. Morrissey, Q., Murray, P., D. Rabbetts, P., A. Shah, A., Smith, B., Spagnolo, S., Sproston, M., Stephenson, R., Thayaparan, P., R. Tomalin, I., Torbet, M., Williams, J., Apollonio, M., J. Barber, G., Beuselinck, R., Britton, D., Cameron, W., Corrin, E., Davies, G., Foudas, C., R. Fulcher, J., Hall, G., Hays, J., Iles, G., C. Macevoy, B., Marinelli, N., M. Mcleod, E., Noah, M.E., M. Raymond, D., J. Savage, P., Seez, C., Toudup, L., Walsham, P., Broadhead, R., Camanzi, B., R. Hobson, P., C. Imrie, D., K. Mckemey, A., Sharif, O., J. Watts, S., Breedon, R., T. Cox, P., F. Gunion, J., Hershman, S., Holbrook, B., Ko, W., Lander, R., E. Pellett, D., Smith, J., M. Tripathi, M., Vogt, R., Bhattacharya, S., G. Branson, J., Fisk, I., P. Fryckman, J., MacFarlane, D., Mojaver, M., P. Paar, H., Raven, G., Sharma, V., White, A., Arisaka, K., Attal, A., Chase, F., Cline, D., D. Cousins, R., Erhan, S., Hauser, J., Lindgren, M., Matthey, C., Otwinowski, S., Pishchalnikov, Yu, Schlein, P.E., Shi, Y., Tannenbaum, B., Mey M. Von, Der, G. Wang, H., J. Bunn, J., Denis, G., Gálvez, P., Gataullin, M., Hafeez, M., Hickey, T., Holtman, K., Legrand, I., Litvine, V., B. Newman, H., Samar, A., Shevchenko, S., P. Wilkinson, R., Xia, L., Y. Zhu, R., Clare, R., Crotty, I., W. Gary, J., G. Layter, J., Rick, H., C. Shen, B., Sytnik, V., Zer-Zion, D., P. Beetz, C., Cirino, G., Podrasky, V., Sanzeni, C., Winn, D., Acosta, D., Avery, P., I. Dolinski, S., D. Field, R., Gorn, L., Klimenko, S., Konigsberg, J., V. Korytov, A., Madorsky, A., V. Mitselmakher, G., Nomerotski, A., Ramond, P., Scurlock, B., M. Wang, S., Yelton, J., W. Baer, H., Bertoldi, M., Goldman, H., L. Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., F. Johnson, K., B. Prosper, H., Thomaston, J., Wahl, H., Apollinari, G., Atac, M., Aziz, S., Barsotti, E., A. T. Bauerdick, L., E. Baumbaugh, A., Baur, U., Beretvas, A., Binkley, M., Bowden, M., N. Butler, J., S. Chester, N., N. Churkin, I., Cihangir, S., Crisler, M., S. Denisov, D., Diesburg, M., P. Eartly, D., E. Elias, J., Fehér, S., L. Flaugher, B., Freeman, J., Gaines, I., Glass, H., A. Glenzinski, D., Goldstein, J., Green, D., Hanlon, J., Hansen, S., M. Harris, R., R. Incandela, J., Joshi, U., Kwan, S., J. Lamm, M., Lammel, S., Lazic, D., Lee, R., Lipton, R., Litmaath, M., V. Los, S., Lukens, P., Maeshima, K., M. Marraffino, J., Mishra, S., V. Mokhov, N., Moore, C., Muzaffar, S., O'Dell, V., Patrick, J., Pordes, R., Raja, R., A. Rapidis, P., Reichanadter, M., Ronzhin, A., I. Rykalin, V., Shaw, T., Shea, M., Skup, E., P. Smith, R., Spiegel, L., Stuart, D., Suzuki, I., M. Tkaczyk, S., S. Tschirhart, R., Vidal, R., Wands, R., Wenzel, H., Whitmore, J., J. Womersley, W., Min Wu, Wei, Yagil, A., A. Yarba, V., R. Adams, M., E. Gerber, C., Papageorgiou, K., Solomon, J., Gobbi, B., Malik, S., Tilden, R., Baumbaugh, B., M. Bishop, J., M. Cason, N., Hildreth, M., J. Karmgard, D., C. Ruchti, R., Warchol, J., Wayne, M., E. Barnes, Virgil, Bolla, G., Bortoletto, Daniela, T. Bujak, A., F. Garfinkel, A., J. Gutay, L., Kopal, M., T. Laasanen, A., A. Medved, S., Pal, I., Rott, C., Roy, A., Sedov, A., W. Anderson, E., Chakir, H., M. Hauptman, J., Krane, J., Akgun, U., S. Ayan, A., Cooper, A., Fountain, M., Mccliment, E., P. Merlo, J., J. Miller, M., M. Önel, Y., Schmidt, I., A. Barnett, B., Y. Chien, C., Sung Cho, Hyo, Liang, G., Swartz, M., Xie, X., Abdullin, S., Arcelli, S., Baden, D., L. Bard, R., Eno, S., Fong, D., Grassi, T., J. Hadley, N., G. Kellogg, R., Kunori, S., Sharma, A., Skuja, A., Carey, R., S. Hazen, E., T. Kearns, E., Machado, E., Miller, J., Osborne, D., L. Roberts, B., Rohlf, J., Sulak, L.R., D. Sullivan, J., Wu, S., Alverson, G., C. Fenker, H., A. Gaponenko, I., H. Moromisato, J., V. Musienko, Yu, Nicol, S., Paul, T., Reucroft, S., D. Swain, J., Taylor, L., E. Von, Goeler, Yasuda, T., Bauer, G., Friedman, J., Paus, C., Pavlon, S., Rosenson, L., Sumorok, S., Tether, S., Tseng, J., B. Cushman, P., H. Heering, A., J. Kronkvist, I., W. Rusack, R., V. Singovsky, A., Vikas, P., Bhatt, K., Booke, M., M. Cremaldi, L., A. Kroeger, R., Reidy, J., Sanders, D., Summers, D., B. Campbell, W., R. Claes, D., Lundstedt, C., R. Snow, G., Bartz, E., Conway, J., Devlin, T., Doroshenko, J., F. Jacques, P., S. Kalelkar, M., W. Koeth, T., Lath, A., P. Perera, L., Schnetzer, S., V. Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thomson, G., L. Watts, T., M. Bussat, J., Denes, P., Gupta, V., Mans, J., Marlow, D., A. Piroué, P., P. Stickland, D., Tully, C., Wildish, T., R. Blusk, S., Bodek, A., Budd, H., P. De, Barbaro, Dyshkant, A., Ginther, G., Kruse, M., Ruggiero, D., Sakumoto, W., Slattery, P., Tipton, P., Bylsma, B., S. Durkin, L., Gilmore, J., Gu, J., Herman, D., Kim, C., Larsen, D., Y. Ling, T., J. Rush, C., Sehgal, V., Ferguson, T., Russ, J., K. Terentyev, N., Vogel, H., Vorobev, I., Adams, N., Corcoran, M., Eppley, G., Lamas-Valverde, J., Matveev, M., Miettinen, H., Nussbaum, T., Padley, P., D. Platner, E., Roberts, J., Yepes, P., Akchurin, N., Cranshaw, J., Nagaslaev, V., Papadimitriou, V., F. Sill, A., Wigmans, R., C. Chaney, R., J. Fenyves, Ervin, D. Hammack, H., R. O'Malley, M., J. Suson, D., Meyer, H., Mo, L., A. Nunamaker, T., Carlsmith, D., Chumney, P., Dasu, S., Feyzi, F., Jaworski, M., Lackey, J., Loveless, R., Lusin, S., Reeder, D., H. Smith, W., Avezov, A., Belov, M., T. Bisenov, N., A. Gafarov, A., Gasanov, E., Ibragimova, E., N. Koblik, Yu, Rakhmatov, N., Rustamov, I., Shukrullo, I., R. Urkinbaev, A., S. Yuldashev, B., L. Bayatyan, G., Grigorian, N., G. Khachatrian, V., T. Margarian, A., M. Sirunyan, A., Adam, W., Brügger, M., Erö, J., Fierro, M., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, A., Krammer, M., Pernicka, M., Porth, P., Rohringer, H., Rurua, L., Taurok, A., Walzel, G., Wedenig, R., E. Wulz, C., G. Baryshevsky, V., Fedorov, A., L. Gorodishenin, N., V. Korzhik, M., V. Missevitch, O., Panov, V., Zuyeuski, R., B. Zalessky, V., Ermalitsky, F., Kuchinskii, P., M. Lomako, V., Petrov, V., Prosolovich, V., Devroede, O., Goorens, R., Lemonne, J., Tavernier, S., Udo, F., W. K. Van, Doninck, L. Van, Lancker, Bertrand, D., G. De, Lentdecker, Stefanescu, J., Velde C. Van, Der, Vanlaer, P., Favart, D., Govaerts, J., Grégoire, G., Lemaître, V., Ninane, A., Piotrzkowski, K., Aa O. Van, Der, Boulogne, I., Daubie, E., Herquet, P., Beaumont, W., Beckers, T., E. De, Langhe, Moortgat, F., Verbeure, F., Zhukov, V., Abadjiev, K., Anguelov, T., H. Atanasov, I., Damgov, J., Dimitrov, L., Genchev, V., Georgiev, G., Iaydjiev, P., Kounov, B., Penchev, L., Raykov, P., G. Sultanov, G., Vankov, I., Vankov, P., Darmenov, N., Gritskov, A., Jordanov, A., B. Litov, L., Mateev, M., Petev, P., Spassov, V., Tchijov, M., Tsenov, R., V. Velev, G., G. Bian, J., Chen, C., M. Chen, G., N. Guo, Y., T. He, J., H. Jiang, C., N. Jin, B., J. Ke, Z., Li, J., G. Li, W., Nan Li, Xiao, F. Qiu, J., W. Shen, B., Y. Shen, X., Y. Sheng, H., Y. Wang, Y., Sheng Xu, Rong, Yang, M., Yun Zhang, Bing, W. Zhang, J., Q. Zhang, S., Ren Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Z., Ping Zheng, Jian, Y. Zhu, G., S. Zhu, Y., Ban, Y., Cai, J., Erh Chen, Jia, Tao Liu, Hong, Qiu Liu, Song, Qiao Lou, Bin, J. Qian, S., Lin Ye, Yan, An, Q., Bian, Z., Chen, H., F. Gong, Z., Li, Chuan, S. Shri, C., Z. Sun, L., L. Wang, X., M. Wang, Z., Wu, J., Wei Ye, Shu, P. Zhang, Z., Deng, Q., J. Li, P., Z. Shen, D., L. Xue, Z., B. Yuan, H., H. Chang, Y., E. Chen, A., Go, A., Lin, W., Chang, P., W. S. Hou, G., Ueno, K., Godinovic, N., Milin, M., Puljak, I., Soric, I., Stipcevic, M., Tudoric-Ghemo, J., Antunovic, Z., Dzelalija, M., Marasovic, K., Hasan, A., A. Razis, P., Vorvolakos, A., Hall, A., Lippmaa, E., Lippmaa, J., Raidal, M., Subbi, J., A. Aarnio, Pertti, Banzuzi, K., M. Heikkinen, A., V. Heinonen, J., Honkanen, A., Karimäki, Veikko, M. Katajisto, H., Kinnunen, Ritva, M. Lassila-Perini, K., Lefébure, V., Pietarinen, E., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Ungaro, D., P. Vanhala, T., Williams, C., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Äystö, Juha, Julin, R., V. Ruuskanen, P., Kallijarvi, S., Keränen, A., Palmu, L., Remes, K., Suhonen, E., Tuuva, T., Niittylahti, J., Vainio, O., Baek, Y.W., Boget, D., Ditta, J., Drobychev, G., Guillaud, J.P., Maire, M., Mendiburu, J.P., Nédélec, P., Peigneux, J.P., Schneegans, M., Sillou, D., Anfreville, M., Bonamy, P., Bouchand, C., Chipaux, R., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., X. Gentit, F., Givernaud, A., Kircher, F., Lemoigne, Y., Locci, E., P. Lottin, J., C. Nguyen, M., P. Pansart, J., Payn, A., Rander, J., M. Reymond, J., Rondeaux, F., Rosowsky, A., Roth, P., Verrecchia, P., Badier, J., Bercher, M., Bourotte, J., Busson, P., Chamont, D., Charlot, C., Dobrzynski, L., Gilly, J., Haguenauer, M., Karar, A., B. Kim, G., Kluberg, L., Lecouturier, D., Matricon, P., Milleret, G., Miné, P., Morano, R., Paganini, P., Poilleux, P., Romanteau, T., Albert, A., Berst, J.D., Blaes, R., Brom, J.M., Charles, F., Coffin, J., Didierjean, F., Drouhin, F., Ernenwein, J.P., Fontaine, J.C., Geist, W., Goerlach, U., Helleboid, J.M., Huss, D., Illinger, C., Juillot, P., Lounis, A., Maazouzi, C., Moreau, S., Riahi, Y., Ripp-Baudot, I., Todorov, T., Vintache, D., Zghiche, A., Ageron, M., Bedjidian, M., Chabanat, E., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Depasse, P., Drapier, O., Dupanloup, M., El-Mamouni, H., Fay, J., M. Gascon-Shotkin, S., Giraud, N., Girerd, C., Goyot, M., Haroutunian, R., Ille, B., Lebrun, P., Lethuillier, M., P. Martin, J., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., S. Muanza, G., Perriès, S., Sahuc, P., Smadja, G., Tissot, S., P. Walder, J., Zach, F., S. Amaglobeli, N., S. Bagaturia, Yu, Glonti, L., G. Kartvelishvili, V., A. Kvatadze, R., A. Mzhavia, D., M. Sakhelashvili, T., G. Shanidze, R., B. Tsamalaidze, Z., Djaoshvili, N., Iashvili, I., I. Kharchilava, A., N. Roinishvili, N., N. Roinishvili, V., Berger, C., Braunschweig, W., Breibach, J., H. Gu, W., Heister, A., Karpinski, W., Kirn, T., König, S., Kukulies, C., Ya Ostapchuk, A., Pandoulas, D., Pierschel, G., Raupach, F., Schael, S., Schmitz, D., Dratzig A. Schultz, Von, Siedling, R., Wallraff, W., Wittmer, B., Banicz, K., Bechstein, S., Böhm, A., Bosseler, K., Faissner, H., S. Fesefeldt, H., Hermann, S., Ivannikov, A., Rein, D., Reithler, H., Szczesny, H., Tonutti, M., Wegner, M., Axer, M., Beissel, F., Commichau, V., Flügge, G., Hangarter, K., Macke, D., Mnich, J., Nowak, A., Petertill, M., Schmitz, P., Schulte, R., Sonnenschein, L., Zander, A., W. Grünewald, M., Hebbeker, T., Höpfner, K., Rosca, A., Bartsch, V., P. Blüm, H., W. De, Boer, Dierlamm, A., Dirkes, G., Drollinger, V., Erdmann, M., Feindt, M., Grigoriev, E., Hartmann, F., Hauler, F., Heiss, A., Müller, T., Roederer, F., J. Simonis, H., Skiba, A., Theel, A., H. Thümmel, W., Weiler, T.J., Weseler, S., K. Resvanis, L., Adzic, P., Barone, M., Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I., K. Fanourakis, G., Geralis, T., Harissopoulos, S., Kokkinias, P., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Markou, A., Markou, C., Mastroyiannopoulos, N., Mousa, J., Siotis, I., Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M., Staveris-Polykalas, A., G. Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Vayaki, A., Zachariadou, K., Zupan, M., Asimidis, A., Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Mitropoulos, O., Prouskas, K., A. Triantis, F., Tzoulis, N., Bagoly, Z., L. Bencze, G., Csilling, Akos, Hajdu, C., Hidas, P., Horváth, D., Ódor, G., Ster, A., Urbàn, L., Vesztergombi, G., Zálán, P., Zsenei, M., Dajkó, G., Fenyvesi, A., Molnár, J., Pálinkás, J., Sohler, D., László Trócsányi, Zoltán, Vamosi, J., Végh, J., Baksay, L., Bondar, T., Juhász, S., Marian, G., Nagy, S., Raics, P., Szabo, J., Szabó, Z., Szegedi, S., Szillási, Z., Sztaricskai, T., Tarjan, P., Zilizi, G., B. Bala, S., Bhatnagar, V., Kaur, M., M. Kohli, J., Singh, J., Borkar, S., Chandratre, V., K. Chaudhury, R., Y. Dixit, M., Ghodgaonkar, M., John, B., K. Kataria, S., K. Mohanty, A., Topkar, A., Aziz, T., Banerjee, S., R. Chendvankar, S., V. Deshpande, P., N. Ganguli, S., Gurtu, A., Katta, S., Maity, M., Mazumdar, K., R. Patil, M., C. Tonwar, S., S. Acharya, B., Bheesette, S., Dugad, S., D. Kalmani, S., R. Krishnaswamy, M., R. Lakkireddi, V., K. Mondal, N., Panyam, N., Vemuri, N., Verma, P., I. Bhardwaj, A., K. Shivpuri, R., K. Verma, V., Abbrescia, M., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., M. De, Palma, Fiore, L., Iaselli, G., Loddo, F., Maggi, G., Marangelli, B., Menegotto, M., My, S., Natali, S., Nuzzo, S., Pugliese, G., Radicci, V., Ranieri, A., Romano, F., Ruggieri, F., Selvaggi, G., Silvestris, L., Tempesta, P., Zito, G., Benvenuti, A.C., Capiluppi, P., R. Cavallo, F., Cuffiani, M., D'Antone, I., M. Dallavalle, G., Fabbri, F.L., Fanfani, A., Giacomelli, G., Giacomelli, P., Grandi, C., Guerzoni, M., Marcellini, S., Mazzanti, P., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Navarria, F.L., Odorici, F., Perrotta, A., Rossi, A., Rovelli, T., P. Siroli, G., Travaglini, R., Albergo, S., Bellini, V., Castorina, P., Cavalieri, S., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., L. Lo, Monaco, Potenza, R., Russo, V., Tricomi, A., Tuvé, C., Bellucci, L., Biggeri, U., Borchi, E., Bruzzi, M., Buffini, A., Busoni, S., Castellini, G., Civinini, C., D'Alessandro, R., Focardi, E., Landi, G., Lenzi, M., Meschini, M., Minelli, C., Parrini, G., Pieri, M., Pirollo, S., Sciortino, S., Bozzo, M., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Musenich, R., Priano, C., Berti, L., Biasotto, M., Gastaldi, U., Gulmini, M., Maron, G., Toniolo, N., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bellato, M., Benettoni, M., Bisello, D., Candelori, A., Castro, A., Checchia, P., Conti, E., M. De, Giorgi, A. De, Min, Dosselli, U., Fanin, C., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gonella, F., Kaminski, A., Lacaprara, S., Lippi, I., Loreti, M., T. Meneguzzo, A., Michelotto, M., Montecassiano, F., Neviani, A., Paccagnella, A., Paoletti, S., Passaseo, M., Pegoraro, M., Ronchese, P., Stavitski, I., Torassa, E., Ventura, L., Ventura, S., Verlato, M., L. Zotto, P., Zumerle, G., Altieri, S., Belli, G., Bruno, G., Guida, R., Merlo, M., P. Ratti, S., Riccardi, C., Torre, P., Vitulo, P., M. Angarano, M., Babucci, E., Biasini, M., M. Bilei, G., T. Brunetti, M., Ceccotti, F., Checcucci, B., A. Giorgi, M., Lariccia, P., C. Mantovani, G., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Postolache, V., Santinelli, R., Santocchia, A., Scorzoni, A., Servoli, L., Tommasi, G., Angelini, F., Bagliesi, G., Bardi, A., Basti, A., Bellazzini, R., Bernardini, J., Borrello, L., Bosi, F., L. Braccini, P., Brez, A., Carosi, R., Castaldi, R., Chiarelli, G., Ciulli, V., Dell'Orso, M., Dell'Orso, R., Donati, S., Dutta, S., Foà, Lorenzo, Galeotti, S., Giannetti, P., Giassi, A., Giusti, S., Iannaccone, G., Latronico, L., Ligabue, F., Lumb, N., Magazzù, G., Mariani, M., M. Massai, M., Messineo, A., Militaru, O., Moggi, A., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Punzi, G., Raffaelli, F., Ristori, L., Sanguinetti, G., Sciabà, A., Segneri, G., Sguazzoni, G., Spandre, G., Spezziga, M., Spinella, F., N. Starodumov, A., Tenchini, R., Teodorescu, L., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., G. Verdini, P., Wang, J., Xie, Z., Baccaro, S., Barone, L., Bartoloni, A., Castellani, M., Cecilia, A., Dafinei, I., F. De, Notaristefani, Diemoz, M., Festinesi, A., Longo, E., Meridiani, P., Montecchi, M., Organtini, G., Puccini, M., Valente, E., Zullo, A., Amapane, N., Arneodo, M., Bertolino, F., Biino-Palestini, C., Cirio, R., Costa, M., Dattola, D., Daudo, F., V. Del, Duca, Demaria, L., Favro, G., I. Ferrero, M., Maselli, S., Monaco, V., Peroni, C., Romero, A., Sacchi, R., Solano, A., Staiano, A., Vitelli, A., J. Kim, Y., U. Kim, Y., Kwon Nam, Soon, Y. Bahk, S., I. Jang, H., Y. Kim, J., I. Kim, T., T. Lim, I., Y. Pac, M., J. Lee, S., T. Rhee, J., Ahn, S., Hong, B., J. Hong, S., S. Lee, K., K. Park, H., K. Park, S., S. Sim, K., G. Koo, D., J. Kim, B., B. Kim, S., H. Park, I., G. Cheon, B., I. Choi, Y., H. Chung, W., W. Ham, S., M. Jeon, H., H. Kim, D., Kim, G., Y. Kim, W., K. Oh, S., Ro, S., C. Son, D., Aftab, Z., A. Ahmad, M., J. Alam, J., Bhatti, N., Hasanain, K., R. Hoorani, H., K. Khan, M., M. Khan, S., Niaz, A., Riazuddin, M., Solaija, T., R. Ahmad, J., U. Awan, I., Iftikhar, N., A. Khan, M., U. Mirza, M., Muhammad, A., Zeb, J., Cwiok, M., Czyrkowski, H., Dabrowski, R., Dominik, W., Kazana, M., Królikowski, J., G. Kudla, I., Majewski, P., Pietrusinski, M., Pozniak, K., Zych, P., Gokieli, R., Górski, M., Goscilo, L., Wrochna, G., Zalewski, Piotr, Almeida, C., Almeida, N., Augusto, J., Barata-Monteiro, T., Bordalo, P., Cardoso, N., S. Da, Mota-Silva, J. Da, Silva, P. Dias, O., Gomes, J., M. Gonçalves, F., Ramos, S., Santos, M., Sequeira-Lopes-Tavares, S., Silva, S., Simoes-Azevedo, C., Teixeira, I., P. Teixeira, J., Varela, J., V. Afanasiev, S., Anisimov, I., V. Bandurin, D., A. Belkov, A., A. Chatrchyan, S., E. Cheremuhin, A., V. Cheshkov, C., S. Chvyrov, A., Dmitriev, A., Elsha, V., V. Erchov, Yu, H. Finger, M., A. Golutvin, I., A. Gorbunov, N., M. Gramenitskii, I., Ivantchenko, I., Janata, A., Kalagin, V., Yu Karjavin, V., S. Khabarov, V., T. Kiryushin, Yu, I. Kolesnikov, V., F. Konoplyanikov, V., V. Korenkov, V., Kossarev, I., Koutov, A., I. Kracíková, T., Krasnov, V., G. Litvinenko, A., Lysiakov, V., Malakhov, A., Mechtcheriakov, G., A. Melnichenko, I., Mitsyn, V., Moissenz, P., Movchan, S., V. Palichik, V., P. Perelygin, V., P. Petukhov, Yu, Popov, M., Pose, D., Pose, R., Samoshkin, A., V. Savina, M., Sergeev, S., V. Shmatov, S., N. Skatchkova, A., Smirnov, V., A. Smolin, D., A. Tikhonenko, E., V. Uzhinskii, V., Vlasov, N., G. Volodko, A., Yukaev, A., I. Zamiatin, N., V. Zarubin, A., I. Zarubin, P., V. Zubarev, E., G. Atamanchuk, A., Barashko, V., F. Bondar, N., Chtchipounov, L., Denissov, A., E. Gavrilov, G., L. Golovtsov, V., Gusev, Y., B. Ivanov, Yu, Kisselev, O., Kozlov, V., Kouznetsova, E., Lobatchev, E., Makarenkov, G., Orichtchine, E., Petrunin, A., E. Prokofiev, O., Rasmislovich, V., V. Razmyslovich, B., Sknar, V., Smirnov, I., Sobolev, S., Soulimov, V., Souvorov, V., Vasilev, A., Velitchko, G., Volkov, S., A. Vorobyov, A., S. Atoyan, G., N. Bolotov, V., N. Gninenko, S., A. Goloubev, N., V. Gushin, E., M. Kirsanov, M., Kovzelev, A., V. Krasnikov, N., V. Laptev, S., Matveev, V., Pashenkov, A., Poliarouch, A., E. Postoev, V., Proskouriakov, A., Sadovskii, A., N. Semeniouk, I., Shmatkov, V., Skassyrskaya, A., N. Toropin, A., Dorochkevitch, E., Gavrilov, V., S. Kaftanov, V., I. Khanov, A., Kisselevitch, I., Kolosov, V., Kossov, M., Koulechov, S., Krokhotine, A., Oulianov, A., Stepanov, N., Stoline, V., Uzunyan, S., G. Devitsin, E., M. Fomenko, A., S. Konovalova, N., I. Lebedev, A., A. Loktionova, N., Lvova, N., Potashov, S., V. Rusakov, S., R. Terkulov, A., Belsky, A., Bodyagin, V., Boos, E., Cherstnev, A., I. Demianov, A., N. Dubinin, M., V. Dudko, L., Erchov, A., Gloukhov, R., Gribushin, A., Ilyin, V., Kodolova, O., L. Korotkikh, V., Krioukov, A., A. Kruglov, N., Lokhtin, I.P., V. Mikhailin, V., Petrouchanko, S., Poukhov, A., I. Sarycheva, L., Slad, V., Sniguirev, A., N. Vardanian, I., Chmelev, D., Ivanov, A., Koudinov, V., Logatchev, O., Onishchenko, S., Orlov, A., Sakharov, V., Smetannikov, V., Zavodthikov, S., Abramov, A., Abramov, V., L. Azhgirey, I., Bitioukov, S., Datsko, K., V. Dolgopolov, A., Evdokimov, V., P. Falaleev, V., I. Goncharov, P., V. Inyakin, A., A. Katchanov, V., V. Kharlov, Yu, I. Klioukhine, V., Kolatcheva, E., M. Korablev, V., P. Korneev, Yu, V. Kostritskii, A., N. Krinitsyn, A., I. Kryshkin, V., Lapyguina, O., Levine, A., Markov, A., Medvedev, V., Oukhanov, M., Pak, V., I. Patalakha, D., A. Pikalov, V., Potapov, V., Riabov, A., V. Sannikov, A., Shagin, P., Simonova, Z., Skvortsova, E., Slabospitski, S., Sobol, A., L. Solovianov, V., Sougonyaev, V., Stepouchkine, S., Surkov, A., Sytin, A., Tchuiko, B., Tereshchenko, S., M. Troshin, S., K. Turchanovich, L., E. Tyurin, N., V. Uzunian, A., Volkov, A., A. Zaichenko, A., Zelepoukine, S., Andriyash, A., Chtcherbakov, A., Gorchkov, D., Griaznykh, D., Gueinak, O., Korotchine, D., Kotegov, S., Maloiaroslavtsev, A., Naoumenko, M., Pavlov, I., Samarine, S., Skripov, R., Ballo, P., Lipka, J., Necas, V., Seberini, M., Vitazek, K., Aguilar-Benítez, Manuel, Alberdi, J., M. Barcala, J., Cerrada, M., Colino, N., Daniel, M., Fernández-García, M., Ferrando, A., C. Fouz-Iglesias, M., Josa-Mutuberria, I., Guevara P. Ladrón, De, Marin, J., Molinero, A., C. Oller, J., L. Pablos, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Romero, L., Salicio, J., Willmott, C., Albajar, C., Cuevas-Maestro, J., Arce, P., Calvo, E., F. Figueroa, C., Gómez-Ceballos, G., González, I., M. López, J., A. López-Virto, M., Marco, J., Matorras, F., Rodrigo, T., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Vila, I., García-Abia, P., Tauscher, Ludwig, Vlachos, S., Wadhwa, M., Abbaneo, D., Alemany-Fernandez, R., N. Annenkov, A., Aspell, P., Auffray, E., Azzurri, P., Baillon, P., Ball, A., Barillère, R., Barney, D., Blechschmidt, D., Bloch, P., Bosteels, M., Braibant, S., Breuker, H., Brooks, P., Campi, D., Caner, A., Cano, E., Carena, F., Cattai, A., Cavallari, F., Cervelli, G., Chierici, R., Christiansen, J., Cittolin, S., Curé, B., D'Ambrosio, C., A. De, Roeck, T. De, Visser, Delikaris, D., Della, N.M., Peisert, A., Faure, B., Favara, A., Figueiredo, P., Föth, H., Folch, R., Frey, A., Funk, W., Fürtjes, A., Gaddi, A., C. Gayde, J., Gerwig, H., Gill, K., D. Glessing, W., Goudard, R., Gras, P., P. Grillet, J., Gutleber, J., Hahn, F., Hameed-Khan, S., Hammarström, R., Hansen, M., H. M. Heijne, Erik, Hervé, Alain, Honma, A., Huhtinen, M., Innocente, V., Jank, Werner, Janot, P., Jarron, P., Kado, M., Kloukinas, K.C., Koch, C., Konecki, M., Kovács, Z., Lara, V., Lasseur, C., J. M. Le, Goff, Lebeau, M., Lecoq, P., F. Letheren, M., Liendl, M., Ljuslin, C., Löfstedt, B., Loos, R., B. Mackenzie, P., Malina, R., Mannelli, M., Manola-Poggioli, E., Marchioro, A., C. Marin, J., Mariotti, C., Martínez-Rivero, C., Matheson, J., M. Maugain, J., Meijers, F., Mermoud, M., Meschi, E., Migliore, E., J. Mocholi, Moncholi, Moutoussi, A., Neumeister, N., N. Nikitenko, A., Oh, A., Onnela, A., Oriunno, M., orsini, L., Pásztor, G., Pape, L., Palomares-Espiga, C., Passardi, G., Petagna, P., Pfeiffer, A., Pimiä, M., Pintus, R., Piotto, E., Pirollet, B., Placci, A., P. Porte, J., Postema, H., Pothier, J., Principe, R., Quadt, A., Rácz, A., Rebecchi, P., Reis, P., Reynaud, S., Rezvani-Naraghi, H., Ribeiro, R., Roche, J., Rodrigues-Simoes-Moreira, P., Rohe, T., Rolandi, L., Sakulin, H., Samyn, D., C. Santiard, J., Schleifer, W., Schmidt, R., Schröder, M., Schwick, C., Sempere-Roldan, P., Sharp, P., Siegrist, P., Siklér, F., Simma, A., Spagnolo, P., Sphicas, P., E. Stockinger, H., Szoncsó, F., G. Taylor, B., Tchougounov, D., Toifl, T.H., Tóth, N., Treille, D., Troska, J.K., Tsesmelis, E., L. Tsirou, A., F. Van, Lingen, Vasey, F., S. Virdee, Tejinder, Voss, H., Weingarten, W., P. Wellisch, J., Wertelaers, P., Wilhelmsson, M., Malcolm Willers, Ian, Winkler, M., Wynhoff, S., Barbero, M., Baur, R., Bertl, W., Deiters, K., Dick, P., Dijksman, A., Gabathuler, K., Gobrecht, J., Heidenreich, G., P. Horisberger, R., Ingram, Q., Kotlinski, D., H. Morf, R., Renker, D., Schnyder, R., Anderhub, H., Antchev, G., Badertscher, A., Barczyk, A., L. Betev, B., Biland, A., Blau, B., Bourilkov, D., G. Bueno, A., Campanelli, M., Cannarsa, P., Carpanese, C., Chivarov, N., Dittmar, M., Djambazov, L., Eichler, R., Erdmann, W., Faber, G., L. Faure, J., Felcini, M., Freudenreich, K., Gil-Botella, I., Grab, C., Hilgers, M., Hofer, H., Holzner, A., L. Horváth, I., Humbertclaude, C., Z. Iliev, B., Ingenito, P., P. M. Kuipers, J., P. Le, Coultre, Lecomte, P., List, B., Lustermann, W., Nanov, I., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., A. Ofierzynski, R., Patino-Revuelta, A., Pauss, F., Rahal, G., Rico, J., H. Rivetta, C., Röser, U., Rubbia, A., Rykaczewski, H., Schöning, A., Sinanis, N., Suter, H., Udriot, S., Ulbricht, J., Veltchev, I., M. Viertel, Gert, H. P. Von, Gunten, Waldmeier-Wicki, S., Zanet, A., Amsler, C., Kaufmann, R., S. Pruys, H., Regenfus, C., Riedler, P., Robmann, P., Speer, T., Steiner, S., Dumanoglu, I., Eskut, E., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kuzucu-Polatoz, A., Onengüt, G., Ozdes-Koca, N., M. Guler, A., Serin-Zeyrek, M., Sever, R., Tolun, P., D. Yildiz, H., T. Zeyrek, M., Gülmez, E., Unalan, R., Borisenko, A., Grinev, B., Lebedev, V., Lyubynskiy, V., Senchyshyn, V., Vasilchuk, V., G. Levchuk, L., Nemashkalo, A., Popov, V., Sorokin, P., Duplij, S., A. Kluban, N., I. Zalyubovskij, I., S. Bailey, D., J. Brooke, J., G. Cussans, D., D. Head, R., P. Heath, G., F. Heath, H., K. Mackay, C., Newbold, D., D. Presland, A., G. Probert, M., J. Smith, V., J. Tapper, R., Baker, N., Barry, A., Chevenier, G., Estrella, F., Mathers, G., McClatchey, R., A. Baird, S., A. Barlow, R., Bateman, E., W. Bell, K., M. Brown, R., J. A. Cockerill, D., A. Coughlan, J., Denton, L., S. Flower, P., B. Francis, V., French, M., Greenhalgh, J., Halsall, R., J. Haynes, W., R. Jacob, F., W. Jeffreys, P., Jones, L., W. Kennedy, B., L. Lintern, A., B. Lodge, A., Maddox, J., Martin, S., R. Morrissey, Q., Murray, P., D. Rabbetts, P., A. Shah, A., Smith, B., Spagnolo, S., Sproston, M., Stephenson, R., Thayaparan, P., R. Tomalin, I., Torbet, M., Williams, J., Apollonio, M., J. Barber, G., Beuselinck, R., Britton, D., Cameron, W., Corrin, E., Davies, G., Foudas, C., R. Fulcher, J., Hall, G., Hays, J., Iles, G., C. Macevoy, B., Marinelli, N., M. Mcleod, E., Noah, M.E., M. Raymond, D., J. Savage, P., Seez, C., Toudup, L., Walsham, P., Broadhead, R., Camanzi, B., R. Hobson, P., C. Imrie, D., K. Mckemey, A., Sharif, O., J. Watts, S., Breedon, R., T. Cox, P., F. Gunion, J., Hershman, S., Holbrook, B., Ko, W., Lander, R., E. Pellett, D., Smith, J., M. Tripathi, M., Vogt, R., Bhattacharya, S., G. Branson, J., Fisk, I., P. Fryckman, J., MacFarlane, D., Mojaver, M., P. Paar, H., Raven, G., Sharma, V., White, A., Arisaka, K., Attal, A., Chase, F., Cline, D., D. Cousins, R., Erhan, S., Hauser, J., Lindgren, M., Matthey, C., Otwinowski, S., Pishchalnikov, Yu, Schlein, P.E., Shi, Y., Tannenbaum, B., Mey M. Von, Der, G. Wang, H., J. Bunn, J., Denis, G., Gálvez, P., Gataullin, M., Hafeez, M., Hickey, T., Holtman, K., Legrand, I., Litvine, V., B. Newman, H., Samar, A., Shevchenko, S., P. Wilkinson, R., Xia, L., Y. Zhu, R., Clare, R., Crotty, I., W. Gary, J., G. Layter, J., Rick, H., C. Shen, B., Sytnik, V., Zer-Zion, D., P. Beetz, C., Cirino, G., Podrasky, V., Sanzeni, C., Winn, D., Acosta, D., Avery, P., I. Dolinski, S., D. Field, R., Gorn, L., Klimenko, S., Konigsberg, J., V. Korytov, A., Madorsky, A., V. Mitselmakher, G., Nomerotski, A., Ramond, P., Scurlock, B., M. Wang, S., Yelton, J., W. Baer, H., Bertoldi, M., Goldman, H., L. Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., F. Johnson, K., B. Prosper, H., Thomaston, J., Wahl, H., Apollinari, G., Atac, M., Aziz, S., Barsotti, E., A. T. Bauerdick, L., E. Baumbaugh, A., Baur, U., Beretvas, A., Binkley, M., Bowden, M., N. Butler, J., S. Chester, N., N. Churkin, I., Cihangir, S., Crisler, M., S. Denisov, D., Diesburg, M., P. Eartly, D., E. Elias, J., Fehér, S., L. Flaugher, B., Freeman, J., Gaines, I., Glass, H., A. Glenzinski, D., Goldstein, J., Green, D., Hanlon, J., Hansen, S., M. Harris, R., R. Incandela, J., Joshi, U., Kwan, S., J. Lamm, M., Lammel, S., Lazic, D., Lee, R., Lipton, R., Litmaath, M., V. Los, S., Lukens, P., Maeshima, K., M. Marraffino, J., Mishra, S., V. Mokhov, N., Moore, C., Muzaffar, S., O'Dell, V., Patrick, J., Pordes, R., Raja, R., A. Rapidis, P., Reichanadter, M., Ronzhin, A., I. Rykalin, V., Shaw, T., Shea, M., Skup, E., P. Smith, R., Spiegel, L., Stuart, D., Suzuki, I., M. Tkaczyk, S., S. Tschirhart, R., Vidal, R., Wands, R., Wenzel, H., Whitmore, J., J. Womersley, W., Min Wu, Wei, Yagil, A., A. Yarba, V., R. Adams, M., E. Gerber, C., Papageorgiou, K., Solomon, J., Gobbi, B., Malik, S., Tilden, R., Baumbaugh, B., M. Bishop, J., M. Cason, N., Hildreth, M., J. Karmgard, D., C. Ruchti, R., Warchol, J., Wayne, M., E. Barnes, Virgil, Bolla, G., Bortoletto, Daniela, T. Bujak, A., F. Garfinkel, A., J. Gutay, L., Kopal, M., T. Laasanen, A., A. Medved, S., Pal, I., Rott, C., Roy, A., Sedov, A., W. Anderson, E., Chakir, H., M. Hauptman, J., Krane, J., Akgun, U., S. Ayan, A., Cooper, A., Fountain, M., Mccliment, E., P. Merlo, J., J. Miller, M., M. Önel, Y., Schmidt, I., A. Barnett, B., Y. Chien, C., Sung Cho, Hyo, Liang, G., Swartz, M., Xie, X., Abdullin, S., Arcelli, S., Baden, D., L. Bard, R., Eno, S., Fong, D., Grassi, T., J. Hadley, N., G. Kellogg, R., Kunori, S., Sharma, A., Skuja, A., Carey, R., S. Hazen, E., T. Kearns, E., Machado, E., Miller, J., Osborne, D., L. Roberts, B., Rohlf, J., Sulak, L.R., D. Sullivan, J., Wu, S., Alverson, G., C. Fenker, H., A. Gaponenko, I., H. Moromisato, J., V. Musienko, Yu, Nicol, S., Paul, T., Reucroft, S., D. Swain, J., Taylor, L., E. Von, Goeler, Yasuda, T., Bauer, G., Friedman, J., Paus, C., Pavlon, S., Rosenson, L., Sumorok, S., Tether, S., Tseng, J., B. Cushman, P., H. Heering, A., J. Kronkvist, I., W. Rusack, R., V. Singovsky, A., Vikas, P., Bhatt, K., Booke, M., M. Cremaldi, L., A. Kroeger, R., Reidy, J., Sanders, D., Summers, D., B. Campbell, W., R. Claes, D., Lundstedt, C., R. Snow, G., Bartz, E., Conway, J., Devlin, T., Doroshenko, J., F. Jacques, P., S. Kalelkar, M., W. Koeth, T., Lath, A., P. Perera, L., Schnetzer, S., V. Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thomson, G., L. Watts, T., M. Bussat, J., Denes, P., Gupta, V., Mans, J., Marlow, D., A. Piroué, P., P. Stickland, D., Tully, C., Wildish, T., R. Blusk, S., Bodek, A., Budd, H., P. De, Barbaro, Dyshkant, A., Ginther, G., Kruse, M., Ruggiero, D., Sakumoto, W., Slattery, P., Tipton, P., Bylsma, B., S. Durkin, L., Gilmore, J., Gu, J., Herman, D., Kim, C., Larsen, D., Y. Ling, T., J. Rush, C., Sehgal, V., Ferguson, T., Russ, J., K. Terentyev, N., Vogel, H., Vorobev, I., Adams, N., Corcoran, M., Eppley, G., Lamas-Valverde, J., Matveev, M., Miettinen, H., Nussbaum, T., Padley, P., D. Platner, E., Roberts, J., Yepes, P., Akchurin, N., Cranshaw, J., Nagaslaev, V., Papadimitriou, V., F. Sill, A., Wigmans, R., C. Chaney, R., J. Fenyves, Ervin, D. Hammack, H., R. O'Malley, M., J. Suson, D., Meyer, H., Mo, L., A. Nunamaker, T., Carlsmith, D., Chumney, P., Dasu, S., Feyzi, F., Jaworski, M., Lackey, J., Loveless, R., Lusin, S., Reeder, D., H. Smith, W., Avezov, A., Belov, M., T. Bisenov, N., A. Gafarov, A., Gasanov, E., Ibragimova, E., N. Koblik, Yu, Rakhmatov, N., Rustamov, I., Shukrullo, I., R. Urkinbaev, A., and S. Yuldashev, B.

23. Multiple Explainable Approaches to Predict the Risk of Stroke Using Artificial Intelligence

Author

Susmita S, Krishnaraj Chadaga, Niranjana Sampathila, Srikanth Prabhu, Rajagopala Chadaga, and Swathi Katta S

Subjects
anchor, explainable artificial intelligence, Eli5, LIME, machine learning, SHAP, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Stroke occurs when a brain’s blood artery ruptures or the brain’s blood supply is interrupted. Due to rupture or obstruction, the brain’s tissues cannot receive enough blood and oxygen. Stroke is a common cause of mortality among older people. Hence, loss of life and severe brain damage can be avoided if stroke is recognized and diagnosed early. Healthcare professionals can discover solutions more quickly and accurately using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). As a result, we have shown how to predict stroke in patients using heterogeneous classifiers and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The multistack of ML models surpassed all other classifiers, with accuracy, recall, and precision of 96%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Explainable artificial intelligence is a collection of frameworks and tools that aid in understanding and interpreting predictions provided by machine learning algorithms. Five diverse XAI methods, such as Shapley Additive Values (SHAP), ELI5, QLattice, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Anchor, have been used to decipher the model predictions. This research aims to enable healthcare professionals to provide patients with more personalized and efficient care, while also providing a screening architecture with automated tools that can be used to revolutionize stroke prevention and treatment.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Unraveling Grewia bilamellata Gagnep. Role in cerebral ischemia: Comprehensive in vivo and in silico studies.

Author

Gurivelli P and Katta S

Abstract

The present study investigated the neuroprotective properties of whole plants of Grewia bilamellata Gagnep. extract (GBEE) against cerebral ischemia by harnessing both In vivo studies in a rat model and In silico studies focusing on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. High-resolution liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (HR LC‒MS) analysis identified 32 phytochemicals in the GBEE, 15 of which adhered to Lipinski's rule of five. These compounds exhibited diverse physicochemical properties and high binding affinity to NOS, with cleomiscosin D showing the greatest potential. In vivo, GBEE had significant neuroprotective effects on bilateral common carotid artery occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAO/R) in rats, especially at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. GBEE treatment improved brain function, as evidenced by EEG normalization, substantial reductions in cerebral infarction size, mitigated neuronal loss, and the restoration of regular histological arrangement in the CA1 hippocampal area of the brain. Furthermore, GBEE enhanced antioxidant defenses by augmenting the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and restoring reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) levels, indicative of attenuated oxidative and nitrosative stress. Collectively, our findings suggest that GBEE is a promising natural therapeutic agent that may prevent or alleviate ischemic brain injury through a multifaceted mechanism involving NOS inhibition and attenuation of the oxidative stress response. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of GBEE and warrants further research into its mechanism of action and possible clinical applications., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. The Rashomon Importance Distribution: Getting RID of Unstable, Single Model-based Variable Importance.

Author

Donnelly J, Katta S, Rudin C, and Browne EP

Abstract

Quantifying variable importance is essential for answering high-stakes questions in fields like genetics, public policy, and medicine. Current methods generally calculate variable importance for a given model trained on a given dataset. However, for a given dataset, there may be many models that explain the target outcome equally well; without accounting for all possible explanations, different researchers may arrive at many conflicting yet equally valid conclusions given the same data. Additionally, even when accounting for all possible explanations for a given dataset, these insights may not generalize because not all good explanations are stable across reasonable data perturbations. We propose a new variable importance framework that quantifies the importance of a variable across the set of all good models and is stable across the data distribution. Our framework is extremely flexible and can be integrated with most existing model classes and global variable importance metrics. We demonstrate through experiments that our framework recovers variable importance rankings for complex simulation setups where other methods fail. Further, we show that our framework accurately estimates the true importance of a variable for the underlying data distribution. We provide theoretical guarantees on the consistency and finite sample error rates for our estimator. Finally, we demonstrate its utility with a real-world case study exploring which genes are important for predicting HIV load in persons with HIV, highlighting an important gene that has not previously been studied in connection with HIV. Code is available at https://github.com/jdonnelly36/Rashomon&#95;Importance&#95;Distribution.

Published
2024

28. Glycemic Gap Predicts Mortality in a Large Multicenter Cohort Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Author

McDonnell ME, Garg R, Gopalakrishnan G, Mitri J, Weinstock RS, Greenfield M, Katta S, Lebastchi J, Palermo NE, Radhakrishnan R, Westcott GP, Johnson M, and Simonson DC

Subjects
Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Blood Glucose, Glucose, Hospitalization, Hospital Mortality, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 therapy, COVID-19 complications, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Hyperglycemia complications
Abstract

Context: Diabetes or hyperglycemia at admission are established risk factors for adverse outcomes during hospitalization for COVID-19, but the impact of prior glycemic control is not clear., Objective: We aimed to examine the associations between admission variables, including glycemic gap, and adverse clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection., Methods: We examined the relationship between clinical predictors, including acute and chronic glycemia, and clinical outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), and mortality among 1786 individuals with diabetes or hyperglycemia (glucose > 10 mmol/L twice in 24 hours) who were admitted from March 2020 through February 2021 with COVID-19 infection at 5 university hospitals in the eastern United States., Results: The cohort was 51.3% male, 53.3% White, 18.8% Black, 29.0% Hispanic, with age = 65.6 ± 14.4 years, BMI = 31.5 ± 7.9 kg/m2, glucose = 12.0 ± 7.5 mmol/L [216 ± 135 mg/dL], and HbA1c = 8.07% ± 2.25%. During hospitalization, 38.9% were admitted to the ICU, 22.9% received MV, and 10.6% died. Age (P < 0.001) and admission glucose (P = 0.014) but not HbA1c were associated with increased risk of mortality. Glycemic gap, defined as admission glucose minus estimated average glucose based on HbA1c, was a stronger predictor of mortality than either admission glucose or HbA1c alone (OR = 1.040 [95% CI: 1.019, 1.061] per mmol/L, P < 0.001). In an adjusted multivariable model, glycemic gap, age, BMI, and diabetic ketoacidosis on admission were associated with increased mortality, while higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and use of any diabetes medication were associated with lower mortality (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Relative hyperglycemia, as measured by the admission glycemic gap, is an important marker of mortality risk in COVID-19., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Telomere length and epigenetic clocks as markers of cellular aging: a comparative study.

Author

Pearce EE, Alsaggaf R, Katta S, Dagnall C, Aubert G, Hicks BD, Spellman SR, Savage SA, Horvath S, and Gadalla SM

Subjects
Biomarkers, Cellular Senescence, Epigenesis, Genetic, Humans, Telomere genetics, DNA Methylation, Epigenomics
Abstract

Telomere length (TL) and DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks are markers of biological age, but the relationship between the two is not fully understood. Here, we used multivariable regression models to evaluate the relationships between leukocyte TL (LTL; measured by qPCR [n = 635] or flow FISH [n = 144]) and five epigenetic clocks (Hannum, DNAmAge pan-tissue, PhenoAge, SkinBlood, or GrimAge clocks), or their epigenetic age acceleration measures in healthy adults (age 19-61 years). LTL showed statistically significant negative correlations with all clocks (qPCR: r =  - 0.26 to - 0.32; flow FISH: r =  - 0.34 to - 0.49; p < 0.001 for all). Yet, models adjusted for age, sex, and race revealed significant associations between three of five clocks (PhenoAge, GrimAge, and Hannum clocks) and LTL by flow FISH (p < 0.01 for all) or qPCR (p < 0.001 for all). Significant associations between age acceleration measures for the same three clocks and qPCR or flow FISH TL were also found (p < 0.01 for all). Additionally, LTL (by qPCR or flow FISH) showed significant associations with extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA: p < 0.0001 for both), but not intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA; p > 0.05 for both). In conclusion, the relationships between LTL and epigenetic clocks were limited to clocks reflecting phenotypic age. The observed association between LTL and EEAA reflects the ability of both measures to detect immunosenescence. The observed modest correlations between LTL and epigenetic clocks highlight a possible benefit from incorporating both measures in understanding disease etiology and prognosis., (© 2022. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Stripping back the mask: Working conditions on digital labour platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Howson K, Spilda FU, Bertolini A, Heeks R, Ferrari F, Katta S, Cole M, Reneses PA, Salem N, Sutcliffe D, Steward S, and Graham M

Abstract

Digital labour platforms have been widely promoted as a solution to the unemployment crisis sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic has also highlighted the harms to gig workers-who are exposed either to income loss, or to infection while carrying out essential work, but excluded from labour protections. We examine the COVID-19 policies of 191 platforms in 43 countries to understand how the crisis has shifted the conventions of the gig economy. Using a typology of "fair platform work" we report the introduction of some positive worker protections, but also significant shortfalls, including entrenchment of precarious work as platforms leverage the opportunities arising from the crisis., (2021.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Hypo-glycosylated hFSH drives ovarian follicular development more efficiently than fully-glycosylated hFSH: enhanced transcription and PI3K and MAPK signaling.

Author

Hua G, George JW, Clark KL, Jonas KC, Johnson GP, Southekal S, Guda C, Hou X, Blum HR, Eudy J, Butnev VY, Brown AR, Katta S, May JV, Bousfield GR, and Davis JS

Subjects
Animals, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Glycosylation, Mice, Recombinant Proteins, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Ovarian Follicle growth & development, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Study Question: Does hypo-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH18/21) have greater in vivo bioactivity that drives follicle development in vivo compared to fully-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH24)?, Summary Answer: Compared with fully-glycosylated hFSH, hypo-glycosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity, enabling greater follicular health and growth in vivo, with enhanced transcriptional activity, greater activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling., What Is Known Already: Glycosylation of FSH is necessary for FSH to effectively activate the FSH receptor (FSHR) and promote preantral follicular growth and formation of antral follicles. In vitro studies demonstrate that compared to fully-glycosylated recombinant human FSH, hypo-glycosylated FSH has greater activity in receptor binding studies, and more effectively stimulates the PKA pathway and steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells., Study Design, Size, Duration: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the actions of purified recombinant human FSH glycoforms on parameters of follicular development, gene expression and cell signaling in immature postnatal day (PND) 17 female CD-1 mice. To stimulate follicle development in vivo, PND 17 female CD-1 mice (n = 8-10/group) were treated with PBS (150 µl), hFSH18/21 (1 µg/150 µl PBS) or hFSH24 (1 µg/150 µl PBS) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) twice daily (8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.) for 2 days. Follicle numbers, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol levels, and follicle health were quantified. PND 17 female CD-1 mice were also treated acutely (2 h) in vivo with PBS, hFSH18/21 (1 µg) or hFSH24 (1 µg) (n = 3-4/group). One ovary from each mouse was processed for RNA sequencing analysis and the other ovary processed for signal transduction analysis. An in vitro ovary culture system was used to confirm the relative signaling pathways., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The purity of different recombinant hFSH glycoforms was analyzed using an automated western blot system. Follicle numbers were determined by counting serial sections of the mouse ovary. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine growth and apoptosis markers related with follicle health. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics were used to identify pathways and processes associated with gene expression profiles induced by acute FSH glycoform treatment. Analysis of RTKs was used to determine potential FSH downstream signaling pathways in vivo. Western blot and in vitro ovarian culture system were used to validate the relative signaling pathways., Main Results and the Role of Chance: Our present study shows that both hypo- and fully-glycosylated recombinant human FSH can drive follicular growth in vivo. However, hFSH18/21 promoted development of significantly more large antral follicles compared to hFSH24 (P < 0.01). In addition, compared with hFSH24, hFSH18/21 also promoted greater indices of follicular health, as defined by lower BAX/BCL2 ratios and reduced cleaved Caspase 3. Following acute in vivo treatment with FSH glycoforms RNA-sequencing data revealed that both FSH glycoforms rapidly induced ovarian transcription in vivo, but hypo-glycosylated FSH more robustly stimulated Gαs and cAMP-mediated signaling and members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Moreover, hFSH18/21 treatment induced significantly greater activation of RTKs, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling compared to hFSH24. FSH-induced indices of follicle growth in vitro were blocked by inhibition of PI3K and MAPK., Large Scale Data: RNA sequencing of mouse ovaries. Data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: The observations that hFSH glycoforms have different bioactivities in the present study employing a mouse model of follicle development should be verified in nonhuman primates. The gene expression studies reflect transcriptomes of whole ovaries., Wider Implications of the Findings: Commercially prepared recombinant human FSH used for ovarian stimulation in human ART is fully-glycosylated FSH. Our findings that hypo-glycosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity enabling greater follicular health and growth without exaggerated estradiol production in vivo, demonstrate the potential for its development for application in human ART., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This work was supported by NIH 1P01 AG029531, NIH 1R01 HD 092263, VA I01 BX004272, and the Olson Center for Women's Health. JSD is the recipient of a VA Senior Research Career Scientist Award (1IK6 BX005797). This work was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872352). The authors declared there are no conflicts of interest., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2021. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. DNA-methylation-based telomere length estimator: comparisons with measurements from flow FISH and qPCR.

Author

Pearce EE, Horvath S, Katta S, Dagnall C, Aubert G, Hicks BD, Spellman SR, Katki H, Savage SA, Alsaggaf R, and Gadalla SM

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, DNA Methylation genetics, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Telomere Homeostasis genetics
Abstract

Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological aging associated with several health outcomes. High throughput reproducible TL measurements are needed for large epidemiological studies. We compared the novel DNA methylation-based estimator (DNAmTL) with the high-throughput quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the highly accurate flow cytometry with fluorescent in situ hybridization (flow FISH) methods using blood samples from healthy adults. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient, Bland Altman plots and linear regression models for statistical analysis. Shorter DNAmTL was associated with older age, male sex, white race, and cytomegalovirus seropositivity (p<0.01 for all). DNAmTL was moderately correlated with qPCR TL (N=635, r=0.41, p < 0.0001) and flow FISH total lymphocyte TL (N=144, r=0.56, p < 0.0001). The agreements between flow FISH TL and DNAmTL or qPCR were acceptable but with wide limits of agreement. DNAmTL correctly classified >70% of TL categorized above or below the median, but the accuracy dropped with increasing TL categories. The ability of DNAmTL to detect associations with age and other TL-related factors in the absence of strong correlation with measured TL may indicate its capture of aspects of telomere maintenance mechanisms and not necessarily TL. The inaccuracy of DNAmTL prediction should be considered during data interpretation and across-study comparisons.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Epigenetic Aging and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia.

Author

Alsaggaf R, Katta S, Wang T, Hicks BD, Zhu B, Spellman SR, Lee SJ, Horvath S, and Gadalla SM

Subjects
Epigenesis, Genetic, Humans, Unrelated Donors, Anemia, Aplastic genetics, Graft vs Host Disease, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

Cellular aging in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is important in the context of immune reconstitution and age-related complications. Recently, several DNA-methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers of aging known as "epigenetic clocks" have been introduced as novel tools to predict cellular age. Here, we used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the possible associations of donor pre-HCT DNAm age, and its post-HCT changes, using the recently published lifespan-associated epigenetic clock known as "DNAm-GrimAge," with outcomes among patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The study included 732 SAA patients from the Transplant Outcomes in Aplastic Anemia project, who underwent unrelated donor HCT and for whom a donor pre-HCT blood DNA sample was available; 41 also had a post-HCT sample collected at day 100. In multivariable analyses, we found similar associations for donor chronological age and pre-HCT DNAm-GrimAge with post-HCT survival (hazard ratio [HR] per decade = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.28; P = .07 and HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.99-1.28; P = .06, respectively). In donors with 10+ years of GrimAge acceleration (ie, deviation from expected DNAm age for chronological age), elevated risks of chronic graft versus host disease (HR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.21-4.65; P = .01) and possibly post-HCT mortality (HR = 1.79; 95% CI, 0.96-3.33; P = .07) were observed. In the subset with post-HCT samples, we observed a significant increase in DNAm-GrimAge in the first 100 days after HCT (median change 12.5 years, range 1.4 to 26.4). Higher DNAm-GrimAge after HCT was associated with inferior survival (HR per year = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; P = .01), predominantly within the first year after HCT. This study highlights the possible role cellular aging may play in HCT outcomes., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Transcriptomics of Long-Term Meditation Practice: Evidence for Prevention or Reversal of Stress Effects Harmful to Health.

Author

Wenuganen S, Walton KG, Katta S, Dalgard CL, Sukumar G, Starr J, Travis FT, Wallace RK, Morehead P, Lonsdorf NK, Srivastava M, and Fagan J

Subjects
Computational Biology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Stress, Psychological prevention & control, Transcriptome, Meditation
Abstract

Background and Objectives : Stress can overload adaptive mechanisms, leading to epigenetic effects harmful to health. Research on the reversal of these effects is in its infancy. Early results suggest some meditation techniques have health benefits that grow with repeated practice. This study focused on possible transcriptomic effects of 38 years of twice-daily Transcendental Meditation ® (TM ® ) practice. Materials and Methods: First, using Illumina ® BeadChip microarray technology, differences in global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sought between healthy practitioners and tightly matched controls ( n = 12, age 65). Second, these microarray results were verified on a subset of genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and were validated using qPCR in larger TM and control groups ( n = 45, age 63). Bioinformatics investigation employed Ingenuity ® Pathway Analysis (IPA ® ), DAVID, Genomatix, and R packages. Results: The 200 genes and loci found to meet strict criteria for differential expression in the microarray experiment showed contrasting patterns of expression that distinguished the two groups. Differential expression relating to immune function and energy efficiency were most apparent. In the TM group, relative to the control, all 49 genes associated with inflammation were downregulated, while genes associated with antiviral and antibody components of the defense response were upregulated. The largest expression differences were shown by six genes related to erythrocyte function that appeared to reflect a condition of lower energy efficiency in the control group. Results supporting these gene expression differences were obtained with qPCR-measured expression both in the well-matched microarray groups and in the larger, less well-matched groups. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with predictions based on results from earlier randomized trials of meditation and may provide evidence for stress-related molecular mechanisms underlying reductions in anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other chronic disorders and diseases.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Genetic engineering of crops for insect resistance: An overview.

Author

Talakayala A, Katta S, and Garladinne M

Subjects
Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis genetics, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Crops, Agricultural parasitology, Gene Editing, Insect Control trends, Insecta pathogenicity, Plants, Genetically Modified growth & development, Plants, Genetically Modified parasitology, Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins genetics, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Genetic Engineering trends, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics
Abstract

Phytophagous insect incidence is a serious threat for reduction of crop productivity globally. There is an estimation of one fourth of crop is being destroyed by insects annually. Indeed, the development of insect-resistant crops is a great milestone in agriculture to increase crop yield and reduce pesticide dependency. Genetic engineering facilitates development of insect resistant crops by expressing bacterial δ-endotoxins and vegetative insecticidal proteins and other plant genes like lectins, protease inhibitors, etc. In addition, RNA interference and genome editing through CRISPR Cas9 also provides new solutions for the development of insect-resistant crops. The resultant genetically modified crops showed resistance against lepidopteran, dipteran, homopteran and coleopteran insects. The insect-resistant crops have made a significant economic impact worldwide in terms of higher yield and low pesticide usage. In this review, we focus on different strategies for developing transgenics against insect pest control by expressing different insecticidal proteins in crops.

Published
2020

37. Development of transgenic cotton (Narasimha) using triple gene Cry2Ab-Cry1F-Cry1Ac construct conferring resistance to lepidopteran pest.

Author

Katta S, Talakayala A, Reddy MK, Addepally U, and Garladinne M

Subjects
Animals, Insect Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Transformation, Genetic, Transgenes, Agrobacterium tumefaciens metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Gossypium genetics, Gossypium metabolism, Larva virology, Nucleopolyhedroviruses pathogenicity, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics
Abstract

High-yielding Indian cotton varieties are not amenable for regeneration and transformation because they are recalcitrant in nature. In this work, we have developed Narasimha (NA1325) cotton variety by introducing three Cry genes driven by three different promoters conferring insect resistance. The meristematic region of embryo axis explants were infected and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefacience (LBA4404) harbouring pMDC100 vector with three Cry gene cassettes (alpha-globulin : Cry2Ab, DECaMV35s : Cry1F and nodulin : Cry1Ac) with Npt II as a selectable marker gene. Out of 1010 embryo axes explants infected, 121 (T 0 ) regenerated under two rounds of kanamycin selectionmedium.About 2551T 1 seedswere collected from111T 0 plants and these seeds screened again with kanamycin at seedling stage. The transgenic plants were characterized by PCR, real time quantitative PCR, lateral flow strip protein assay and insect bioassay. Out of 145 kanamycin resistant plants (T 1 ), twelve showed amplification of all four transgenes: Npt II, Cry2Ab, Cry1F and Cry1Ac through PCR with expected amplicons as 395, 870, 840 and 618 bp, respectively. Further, lateral flow strip test revealed Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins accumulated in 12 plants, whereas Cry2Ab protein was detected in eight only. The transcripts of all three Cry genes were accumulated significantly higher in transgenic plants at T 2 generation. The transgenic lines showed effective resistance againstHelicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura larvae. The T 2 line L-3 exhibited highest percentage of insect mortality, in which transcripts of all cry genes were accumulated higher than other plants. The transgenic cotton plants carrying triple Cry genes could be an excellent germplasmresource for the breeders for introgressions.

Published
2020

38. Molecular profiling of radical prostatectomy tissue from patients with no sign of progression identifies ERG as the strongest independent predictor of recurrence.

Author

Yan W, Jamal M, Tan SH, Song Y, Young D, Chen Y, Katta S, Ying K, Ravindranath L, Woodle T, Kohaar I, Cullen J, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Rosner IL, Sesterhenn IA, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S, and Petrovics G

Abstract

Background: As a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men, prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease, with a vast heterogeneity in the biology of the disease and in clinical outcome. While it often runs an indolent course, local progression or metastasis may eventually develop, even among patients considered "low risk" at diagnosis. Therefore, biomarkers that can discriminate aggressive from indolent disease at an early stage would greatly benefit patients. We hypothesized that tissue specimens from early stage prostate cancers may harbor predictive signatures for disease progression., Methods: We used a cohort of radical prostatectomy patients with longitudinal follow-up, who had tumors with low grade and stage that revealed no signs of future disease progression at surgery. During the follow-up period, some patients either remained indolent (non-BCR) or progressed to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Total RNA was extracted from tumor, and adjacent normal epithelium of formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Differential gene expression in tumors, and in tumor versus normal tissues between BCR and non-BCR patients were analyzed by NanoString using a customized CodeSet of 151 probes., Results: After controlling for false discovery rates, we identified a panel of eight genes ( ERG, GGT1, HDAC1, KLK2, MYO6, PLA2G7, BICD1 and CACNAID ) that distinguished BCR from non-BCR patients. We found a clear association of ERG expression with non-BCR, which was further corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays., Conclusions: Our results identified ERG as the strongest predictor for BCR and showed that potential prognostic prostate cancer biomarkers can be identified from FFPE tumor specimens., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST S.S, A.D., and ST., are inventors of the ERG monoclonal antibody (9FY) that is licensed to Biocare Medical by The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine. The other authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Progressive recruitment of distal MEC-4 channels determines touch response strength in C. elegans .

Author

Katta S, Sanzeni A, Das A, Vergassola M, and Goodman MB

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Computer Simulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Mechanotransduction, Cellular physiology, Membrane Proteins genetics, Models, Biological, Sensory Receptor Cells physiology, Caenorhabditis elegans physiology, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Touch physiology
Abstract

Touch deforms, or strains, the skin beyond the immediate point of contact. The spatiotemporal nature of the touch-induced strain fields depend on the mechanical properties of the skin and the tissues below. Somatosensory neurons that sense touch branch out within the skin and rely on a set of mechano-electrical transduction channels distributed within their dendrites to detect mechanical stimuli. Here, we sought to understand how tissue mechanics shape touch-induced mechanical strain across the skin over time and how individual channels located in different regions of the strain field contribute to the overall touch response. We leveraged Caenorhabditis elegans ' touch receptor neurons as a simple model amenable to in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recording and an integrated experimental-computational approach to dissect the mechanisms underlying the spatial and temporal dynamics we observed. Consistent with the idea that strain is produced at a distance, we show that delivering strong stimuli outside the anatomical extent of the neuron is sufficient to evoke MRCs. The amplitude and kinetics of the MRCs depended on both stimulus displacement and speed. Finally, we found that the main factor responsible for touch sensitivity is the recruitment of progressively more distant channels by stronger stimuli, rather than modulation of channel open probability. This principle may generalize to somatosensory neurons with more complex morphologies., (© 2019 Katta et al.)

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Curcumin-Gene Expression Response in Hormone Dependent and Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells.

Author

Katta S, Srivastava A, Thangapazham RL, Rosner IL, Cullen J, Li H, and Sharad S

Subjects
Androgens metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Computational Biology methods, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Ontology, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Signal Transduction drug effects, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Curcumin pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Hormones metabolism
Abstract

The androgen receptor is one of the key targets for prostate cancer treatment. Despite its less satisfactory effects, chemotherapy is the most common treatment option for metastatic and/or castration-resistant patients. There are constant needs for novel anti-prostate cancer therapeutic/prevention agents. Curcumin, a known chemo-preventive agent, was shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. This study aimed to unravel the inhibitory effect of curcumin in prostate cancer through analyzing the alterations of expressions of curcumin targeting genes clusters in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and androgen-independent metastatic C4-2B cells. Hierarchical clustering showed the highest number of differentially expressed genes at 12 h post treatment in both cells, suggesting that the androgen-dependent/independent manner of curcumin impacts on prostate cancer cells. Evaluation of significantly regulated top canonical pathways highlighted that Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PIK3/AKT(PKB)/mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling were primarily inhibited, and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathways were elevated with curcumin treatment. The short term (3-24 h) and long term (48 h) effect of curcumin treatment revealed 31 and four genes modulated in both cell lines. TGF-β signaling, including the androgen/TGF-β inhibitor Prostate transmembrane protein androgen-induced 1 ( PMEPA1 ), was the only pathway impacted by curcumin treatment after 48 h. Our findings also established that MYC Proto-Oncogene, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Transcription Factor (MYC) signaling was down-regulated in curcumin-treated cell lines. This study established, for the first time, novel gene-networks and signaling pathways confirming the chemo-preventive and cancer-growth inhibitory nature of curcumin as a natural anti-prostate cancer compound.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Somatosensory neurons integrate the geometry of skin deformation and mechanotransduction channels to shape touch sensing.

Author

Sanzeni A, Katta S, Petzold B, Pruitt BL, Goodman MB, and Vergassola M

Subjects
Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, Models, Neurological, Mechanoreceptors physiology, Sensory Receptor Cells physiology, Skin anatomy & histology, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Stress, Mechanical, Touch
Abstract

Touch sensation hinges on force transfer across the skin and activation of mechanosensitive ion channels along the somatosensory neurons that invade the skin. This skin-nerve sensory system demands a quantitative model that spans the application of mechanical loads to channel activation. Unlike prior models of the dynamic responses of touch receptor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans (Eastwood et al., 2015), which substituted a single effective channel for the ensemble along the TRNs, this study integrates body mechanics and the spatial recruitment of the various channels. We demonstrate that this model captures mechanical properties of the worm's body and accurately reproduces neural responses to simple stimuli. It also captures responses to complex stimuli featuring non-trivial spatial patterns, like extended or multiple contacts that could not be addressed otherwise. We illustrate the importance of these effects with new experiments revealing that skin-neuron composites respond to pre-indentation with increased currents rather than adapting to persistent stimulation., Competing Interests: AS, SK, BP, BP, MG, MV No competing interests declared, (© 2019, Sanzeni et al.)

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Collective Conversational Peer Review of Journal Submission: A Tool to Integrate Medical Education and Practice.

Author

Podder V, Price A, Sivapuram MS, Ronghe A, Katta S, Gupta AK, and Biswas R

Abstract

Background: In this study, we demonstrate a collective collaborative, conversational, pre-publication peer review of a randomized controlled trial., Methods: Using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, a group of research-oriented undergraduate medical and pharmacy students and their teacher collectively on an online forum, discuss and review a randomized controlled trial submitted to the Annals of Neurosciences and the explanatory commentary from each reviewer makes a basic scaffold for critical appraisal of the manuscript., Results: This method provided the opportunity for students to engage in online interactive training and allowed them to understand tools used for critical appraisal of a study. Students were incentivized by the potential publication credit and they look forward to continuing this work and perhaps providing one small step to making medical education more interactive., Conclusion: Open peer review involving a group of reviewers at a time produces multidirectional reviewing concepts, thus helps to improve the quality of paper and also may reduce the time between review and publication.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Synergistic Activity with NOTCH Inhibition and Androgen Ablation in ERG-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells.

Author

Mohamed AA, Tan SH, Xavier CP, Katta S, Huang W, Ravindranath L, Jamal M, Li H, Srivastava M, Srivatsan ES, Sreenath TL, McLeod DG, Srinivasan A, Petrovics G, Dobi A, and Srivastava S

Subjects
Androstenes pharmacology, Anilides pharmacology, Benzamides, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Drug Synergism, Humans, Male, Nitriles pharmacology, Phenylthiohydantoin analogs & derivatives, Phenylthiohydantoin pharmacology, Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Receptor, Notch1 genetics, Receptor, Notch1 metabolism, Receptor, Notch2 genetics, Receptor, Notch2 metabolism, Receptors, Notch metabolism, Tosyl Compounds pharmacology, Transcriptional Regulator ERG genetics, Transcriptional Regulator ERG metabolism, Androgen Antagonists pharmacology, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Receptors, Notch genetics
Abstract

The oncogenic activation of the ETS-related gene ( ERG ) due to gene fusions is present in over half of prostate cancers in Western countries. Because of its high incidence and oncogenic role, ERG and components of ERG network have emerged as potential drug targets for prostate cancer. Utilizing gene expression datasets, from matched normal and prostate tumor epithelial cells, an association of NOTCH transcription factors with ERG expression status was identified, confirming that NOTCH factors are direct transcriptional targets of ERG. Inhibition of ERG in TMPRSS2-ERG -positive VCaP cells led to decreased levels of NOTCH1 and 2 proteins and downstream transcriptional targets and partially recapitulated the phenotypes associated with ERG inhibition. Regulation of NOTCH1 and 2 genes by ERG were also noted with ectopic ERG expression in LNCaP (ERG-negative prostate cancer) and RWPE-1 (benign prostate-derived immortalized) cells. Furthermore, inhibition of NOTCH by the small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitor 1, GSI-1, conferred an increased sensitivity to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors (bicalutamide and enzalutamide) or the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor (abiraterone) in VCaP cells. Combined treatment with bicalutamide and GSI-1 showed strongest inhibition of AR, ERG, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and PSA protein levels along with decreased cell growth, cell survival, and enhanced apoptosis. Intriguingly, this effect was not observed in ERG-negative prostate cancer cells or immortalized benign/normal prostate epithelial cells. These data underscore the synergy of AR and NOTCH inhibitors in reducing the growth of ERG-positive prostate cancer cells. Implications: Combinational targeting of NOTCH and AR signaling has therapeutic potential in advanced ERG-driven prostate cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1308-17. ©2017 AACR ., (©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. WD-repeat protein WDR13 is a novel transcriptional regulator of c-Jun and modulates intestinal homeostasis in mice.

Author

Singh VP, Katta S, and Kumar S

Subjects
Animals, Azoxymethane adverse effects, Cell Cycle Proteins, Cell Line, Colitis genetics, Colonic Neoplasms genetics, Dextran Sulfate adverse effects, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, HEK293 Cells, HT29 Cells, Homeostasis, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, Signal Transduction, Colitis chemically induced, Colonic Neoplasms chemically induced, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun genetics
Abstract

Background: WDR13 is a member of the WD repeat protein family and is expressed in several tissues of human and mice. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the lack of this gene in mice resulted in mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced beta cell proliferation and protection from inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action is not well understood., Methods: In the present study, we used AOM/DSS to induce colitis-mediated colorectal tumor after establishing expression of Wdr13 gene in colon. Further, we have used human colon cancer cell lines, HT29 and COLO205, and mouse primary embryonic fibroblast to understand the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action., Results: We observed that mice lacking Wdr13 gene have reduced number of tumors and are more susceptible to DSS-induced colon ulcers. We also show that WDR13 is a part of multi protein complex c-Jun/NCoR1/HDAC3 and it acts as a transcriptional activator of AP1 target genes in the presence of JNK signal. Consistent with in vitro data, we observed reduced expression of AP1 target genes in colon after AOM/DSS treatment in Wdr13 knockout mice as compared to that in wild type., Conclusion: Mice lacking Wdr13 gene showed reduced expression of AP1 target genes and protection from colitis-induced colorectal tumors.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. A novel genomic alteration of LSAMP associates with aggressive prostate cancer in African American men.

Author

Petrovics G, Li H, Stümpel T, Tan SH, Young D, Katta S, Li Q, Ying K, Klocke B, Ravindranath L, Kohaar I, Chen Y, Ribli D, Grote K, Zou H, Cheng J, Dalgard CL, Zhang S, Csabai I, Kagan J, Takeda D, Loda M, Srivastava S, Scherf M, Seifert M, Gaiser T, McLeod DG, Szallasi Z, Ebner R, Werner T, Sesterhenn IA, Freedman M, Dobi A, and Srivastava S

Subjects
Aged, Biomarkers, Tumor, Cluster Analysis, Disease Progression, GPI-Linked Proteins genetics, Gene Deletion, Gene Rearrangement, Genetic Loci, Genomics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Reproducibility of Results, Black or African American genetics, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal genetics, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Variation, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Evaluation of cancer genomes in global context is of great interest in light of changing ethnic distribution of the world population. We focused our study on men of African ancestry because of their disproportionately higher rate of prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality. We present a systematic whole genome analyses, revealing alterations that differentiate African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) CaP genomes. We discovered a recurrent deletion on chromosome 3q13.31 centering on the LSAMP locus that was prevalent in tumors from AA men (cumulative analyses of 435 patients: whole genome sequence, 14; FISH evaluations, 101; and SNP array, 320 patients). Notably, carriers of this deletion experienced more rapid disease progression. In contrast, PTEN and ERG common driver alterations in CaP were significantly lower in AA prostate tumors compared to prostate tumors from CA. Moreover, the frequency of inter-chromosomal rearrangements was significantly higher in AA than CA tumors. These findings reveal differentially distributed somatic mutations in CaP across ancestral groups, which have implications for precision medicine strategies.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Oral and salivary changes in patients with chronic kidney disease: A clinical and biochemical study.

Author

Anuradha BR, Katta S, Kode VS, Praveena C, Sathe N, Sandeep N, and Penumarty S

Abstract

Background: Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment can affect a wide range of tissues and systems. It directly or indirectly affects flow, concentrations and composition of saliva. Hemodialysis can effectively minimize most of these complications to some extent., Aims: The main aim of this study was to know the salivary content of sodium, potassium, calcium, urea, bicarbonate and oral manifestations in patients with CKD., Materials and Methods: For this study, 50 patients diagnosed with CKD and 50 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals were subjected to a detailed general and intraoral examination. Whole un-stimulated saliva samples of all the selected subjects were collected and subjected to calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), bicarbonate and urea analysis., Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test., Results: Among 50 study subjects, 26 subjects had reduced salivary flow in the range of 0.1-0.4 ml/min. Intraoral examination of the study subjects revealed pallor, increased deposition of calculus, bleeding gums, metallic taste, hypoplasia of teeth and fissured tongue. There was a significant difference between healthy and prehemodialysis patients in the salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea levels and the difference was insignificant in relation to bicarbonate levels., Conclusions: Alterations in salivary calcium, phosphorous, urea, sodium, potassium levels were significantly higher in the study groups when compared to control groups and the difference was insignificant in relation to bicarbonate level. The increased levels in dialysis patients correlated with renal disease severity.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Reconstitution of the ERG Gene Expression Network Reveals New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in ERG Positive Prostate Tumors.

Author

Dubovenko A, Serebryiskaya T, Nikolsky Y, Nikolskaya T, Perlina A, JeBailey L, Bureeva S, Katta S, Srivastava S, Dobi A, and Khasanova T

Abstract

Background: Despite a growing number of studies evaluating cancer of prostate (CaP) specific gene alterations, oncogenic activation of the ETS Related Gene (ERG) by gene fusions remains the most validated cancer gene alteration in CaP. Prevalent gene fusions have been described between the ERG gene and promoter upstream sequences of androgen-inducible genes, predominantly TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2). Despite the extensive evaluations of ERG genomic rearrangements, fusion transcripts and the ERG oncoprotein, the prognostic value of ERG remains to be better understood. Using gene expression dataset from matched prostate tumor and normal epithelial cells from an 80 GeneChip experiment examining 40 tumors and their matching normal pairs in 40 patients with known ERG status, we conducted a cancer signaling-focused functional analysis of prostatic carcinoma representing moderate and aggressive cancers stratified by ERG expression., Results: In the present study of matched pairs of laser capture microdissected normal epithelial cells and well-to-moderately differentiated tumor epithelial cells with known ERG gene expression status from 20 patients with localized prostate cancer, we have discovered novel ERG associated biochemical networks., Conclusions: Using causal network reconstruction methods, we have identified three major signaling pathways related to MAPK/PI3K cascade that may indeed contribute synergistically to the ERG dependent tumor development. Moreover, the key components of these pathways have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic target for ERG positive prostate tumors.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Structural and functional prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by individualized exercise training in mice.

Author

Weissmann N, Peters DM, Klöpping C, Krüger K, Pilat C, Katta S, Seimetz M, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Witzenrath M, Seeger W, Grimminger F, and Mooren FC

Subjects
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases genetics, 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases metabolism, Animals, Exercise Therapy, Exercise Tolerance, Gene Expression, Hypertension, Pulmonary etiology, Hypoxia complications, Lung blood supply, Lung metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular physiopathology, Nitric Oxide Synthase genetics, Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors pharmacology, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Piperazines pharmacology, Purines pharmacology, Signal Transduction, Sildenafil Citrate, Sulfones pharmacology, Ventricular Pressure, Hypertension, Pulmonary prevention & control, Hypoxia therapy
Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with a poor prognosis characterized by a vascular remodeling process and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. While a variety of reports demonstrated that exercise training exerts beneficial effects on exercise performance and quality of life in PH patients, it is not known how physical exercise affects vascular remodeling processes occurring in hypoxia-induced PH. Therefore, we investigated the effect of individualized exercise training on the development of hypoxia-induced PH in mice. Training effects were compared with pharmacological treatment with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor Sildenafil or a combination of training plus Sildenafil. Trained mice who received Sildenafil showed a significantly improved walking distance (from 88.9 ± 8.1 to 146.4 ± 13.1 m) and maximum oxygen consumption (from 93.3 ± 2.9 to 105.5 ± 2.2% in combination with Sildenafil, to 102.2 ± 3.0% with placebo) compared with sedentary controls. Right ventricular systolic pressure, measured by telemetry, was at the level of healthy normoxic animals, whereas right heart hypertrophy did not benefit from training. Most interestingly, the increase in small pulmonary vessel muscularization was prevented by training. Respective counterregulatory processes were detected for the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-phosphodiesterase system. We conclude that individualized daily exercise can prevent vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced PH., (Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society.)

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Loss of the NKX3.1 tumorsuppressor promotes the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene expression in prostate cancer.

Author

Thangapazham R, Saenz F, Katta S, Mohamed AA, Tan SH, Petrovics G, Srivastava S, and Dobi A

Subjects
Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Cell Line, Tumor, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Knockdown Techniques, HEK293 Cells, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, NF-kappa B genetics, NF-kappa B metabolism, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion metabolism, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, RNA Interference, Species Specificity, Transcription Factors metabolism, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Gene Fusion, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
Abstract

Background: In normal prostate epithelium the TMPRSS2 gene encoding a type II serine protease is directly regulated by male hormones through the androgen receptor. In prostate cancer ERG protooncogene frequently gains hormonal control by seizing gene regulatory elements of TMPRSS2 through genomic fusion events. Although, the androgenic activation of TMPRSS2 gene has been established, little is known about other elements that may interact with TMPRSS2 promoter sequences to modulate ERG expression in TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion context., Methods: Comparative genomic analyses of the TMPRSS2 promoter upstream sequences and pathway analyses were performed by the Genomatix Software. NKX3.1 and ERG genes expressions were evaluated by immunoblot or by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays in response to siRNA knockdown or heterologous expression. QRT-PCR assay was used for monitoring the gene expression levels of NKX3.1-regulated genes. Transcriptional regulatory function of NKX3.1 was assessed by luciferase assay. Recruitment of NKX3.1 to its cognate elements was monitored by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay., Results: Comparative analysis of the TMPRSS2 promoter upstream sequences among different species revealed the conservation of binding sites for the androgen inducible NKX3.1 tumor suppressor. Defects of NKX3.1, such as, allelic loss, haploinsufficiency, attenuated expression or decreased protein stability represent established pathways in prostate tumorigenesis. We found that NKX3.1 directly binds to TMPRSS2 upstream sequences and negatively regulates the expression of the ERG protooncogene through the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion., Conclusions: These observations imply that the frequently noted loss-of-function of NKX3.1 cooperates with the activation of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions in prostate tumorigenesis.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. A 'toothache tree' alkylamide inhibits Aδ mechanonociceptors to alleviate mechanical pain.

Author

Tsunozaki M, Lennertz RC, Vilceanu D, Katta S, Stucky CL, and Bautista DM

Subjects
Amides therapeutic use, Animals, CHO Cells, Cells, Cultured, Cricetulus, Ganglia, Spinal cytology, Hot Temperature, Male, Mechanoreceptors physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons drug effects, Neurons physiology, Pain drug therapy, Pain etiology, Sodium Channel Blockers therapeutic use, Zanthoxylum, Amides pharmacology, Pain physiopathology, Sodium Channel Blockers pharmacology, Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels physiology
Abstract

In traditional medicine, the 'toothache tree' and other plants of the Zanthoxylum genus have been used to treat inflammatory pain conditions, such as toothache and rheumatoid arthritis. Here we examined the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic properties of hydroxy-α-sanshool, the active alkylamide produced by Zanthoxylum plants. Consistent with its analgesic effects in humans, sanshool treatment in mice caused a selective attenuation of mechanical sensitivity under naïve and inflammatory conditions, with no effect on thermal sensitivity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which sanshool attenuates mechanical pain, we performed single fibre recordings, calcium imaging and whole-cell electrophysiology of cultured sensory neurons. We found that: (1) sanshool potently inhibits Aδ mechanonociceptors that mediate both sharp acute pain and inflammatory pain; (2) sanshool inhibits action potential firing by blocking voltage-gated sodium currents in a subset of somatosensory neurons, which express a unique combination of voltage-gated sodium channels; and (3) heterologously expressed Nav1.7 is most strongly inhibited by sanshool as compared to other sodium channels expressed in sensory neurons. These results suggest that sanshool targets voltage-gated sodium channels on Aδ mechanosensory nociceptors to dampen excitability and thus induce 'fast pain' analgesia.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results