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This paper is the third in a series of comparisons of American (NASA) and Russian (ROSCOSMOS) space radiation calculations. The present work focuses on calculation of fluxes of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which are a constant source of radiation that constitutes one of the major hazards during deep space exploration missions for both astronauts/cosmonauts and hardware. In this work, commonly used GCR models are compared with recently published measurements of cosmic ray Hydrogen, Helium, and the Boron-to-Carbon ratio from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS). All of the models were developed and calibrated prior to the publication of the AMS data; therefore this an opportunity to validate the models against an independent data set.

We designed, built, and calibrated a new spectropolarimeter for the HiVIS spectrograph (R 12000-49000) on the AEOS telescope. We also did a polarization calibration of the telescope and instrument. We will introduce the design and use of the spectropolarimeter as well as a new data reduction package we have developed, then discuss the polarization calibration of the spectropolarimeter and the AEOS telescope. We used observations of unpolarized standard stars at many pointings to measure the telescope induced polarization and compare it with a Zemax model. The telescope induces polarization of 1-6% with a strong variation with wavelength and pointing, consistent with the altitude and azimuth variation expected. We then used scattered sunlight as a linearly polarized source to measure the telescopes spectropolarimetric response to linearly polarized light. We then made an all-sky map of the telescope's polarization response to calibrate future spectropolarimetry., Comment: PASP 118, June 2006

We present astrometric and photometric measurements of 39 binary stars made with the adaptive optics system on the 3.6 m Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) telescope, taken from 2002 November to 2003 March. The binaries have separations ranging from 008 to 511 and differential magnitudes ranging from 0.096 to 7.9. Also, we include a list of observations of 23 known binaries that we were unable to resolve. In the process of these measurements, we discovered three new companions to two previously known binary stars. We also discuss the effects of scintillation and anisoplanatism on measurements of binary star photometry in adaptive optics images. Suggestions on how to minimize these effects are then given.

Spectropolarimetry of the Deep Impact target, comet 9P/ Tempel 1, was performed during the impact event on July 4th, 2005 with the HiVIS Spectropolarimeter and the AEOS 3.67-m telescope on Haleakala, Maui. We observed atypical polarization spectra that changed significantly in the few hours after the impact. The polarization is sensitive to the geometry, size and composition of the scattering particles. Our first measurement, beginning 8 minutes after impact and centered at 6:30UT, showed a polarization of 4% at 650 nm falling to 3% at 950 nm. The next observation, centered an hour later, showed a polarization of 7% at 650 nm falling to 2% at 950nm. This corresponds to a spectropolarimetric gradient, or slope, of $-$0.9% per 1000\AA\ 40 minutes after impact, decreasing to a slope of $-$2.3% per 1000\AA\ 75 minutes after impact. Both are atypical blue polarization slopes. The polarization values of 4 and 7% at 650 nm are typical for comets at this scattering angle, whereas the low polarization of 2 and 3% at 950 nm is not. This, combined with the IR spectroscopy performed by a number of observers during the event, suggests an increase in size, number, and crystallinity of the individual silicate particles (monomers) that are a constituant of the dust particles (aggregates) in the ejecta.

We estimate the total number and the slope of the size frequency distribution (SFD) of dormant Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs) by fitting a one-parameter model to the known population. We first select 61 Near Earth Objects (NEOs) that are likely to be dormant JFCs because their orbits are dynamically coupled to Jupiter (Bottke et al, 2002). Then, from the numerical simulations of Levison & Duncan (1997), we construct an orbit distribution model for JFCs in the NEO orbital element space. We assume an orbit independent SFD for all JFCs, the slope of which is our unique free parameter. Finally, we compute observational biases for dormant JFCs using a calibrated NEO survey simulator (Jedicke et al. 2003). By fitting the biased model to the data, we estimate that there are ~75 dormant JFCs with H, 33 pages, 6 figures

Among the adaptive optics systems available to astronomers, the US Air Force Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) is unique because it delivers very high order wave front correction. The Lyot Project includes the construction and installation of the world’s first diffraction-limited, optimized coronagraph that exploits the full astronomical potential of AEOS and represents a critical step toward the long-term goal of directly imaging and studying extrasolar planets (a.k.a. “exoplanets”). We provide an update on the Project, whose coronagraph saw first light in March 2004. The coronagraph is operating at least as well as predicted by simulations, and a survey of nearby stars has begun.