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By the seventh decade of the 20th century, the world was divided into two large blocks: the Western one, which complemented the satisfaction of its energy needs with imports from the Middle East; subjected to the tensions between the hegemonic pretensions of the socialist world and the dominance of the financial system centered on the Bretton Woods agreements, creators of the IMF and the World Bank. The increase in oil prices in the eighth decade, due to the appetite of China and the desire to improve the material well-being of the countries of the Middle East, created incentives and pressures to introduce modifications in the world monetary order and in its political components basic: the National States; situations whose preliminary analysis is the purpose of this essay Keywords: Petroleum; coronavirus; middle East

El propósito de este artículo es el de describir y analizar cómo el ensayo de la estrategia de desarrollo y de reconstrucción de las economías occidentales, lideradas por los Estados Unidos después de la II Guerra Mundial, al crear en 1945 el Sistema Monetario Financiero integrado por el Fondo Monetario Internacional como institución internacional clave, Acuerdos de Bretton Woods, repercutió en los países del Oriente Medio, incluidas las tensiones geopolíticas relacionadas con la necesaria utilización de los recursos energéticos del petróleo, dicha estrategia, con articulación del uso generalizado del dinero fiduciario y creación de depósitos bancarios a partir de los créditos concedidos, tuvo funcionalidad exitosa hasta 1971; pues el abandono unilateral por los Estados Unidos, de los mencionados acuerdos de 1945, devino en flotación generalizada de las diversas monedas, otorgamientos de créditos destinados a la producción o exacerbación financiera, con incidencias en el intercambio internacional petrolero; expresándose todo ello en una serie de crisis económicas y políticas. De allí que, a partir de la octava década del siglo XX, después de resumir los cambios en el marco teórico y en las prácticas políticas ocurrido a partir de la octava década del siglo XX presentemos las experiencias provistas por las decisiones económicas-políticas tomadas en países representativos del Oriente Medio. Palabras Clave: Sistema Monetario Financiero; Fondo Monetario Internacional; petróleo; Oriente Medio.

Objective To conduct a systematic review on the effects of multisectoral interventions for health on health system performance. Methods We conducted a systematic review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta- analysis protocols. We searched for peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed[R], Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 31 August 2023 (updating on 28 February 2024). We removed duplicates, screened titles and abstracts, and then conducted a full-text eligibility and quality assessment. Findings We identified an initial 1118 non-duplicate publications, 62 of which met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The largest proportions of reviewed studies focused on multisectoral interventions directly related to specific health outcomes (66.1%; 41 studies) and/or social determinants of health (48.4%; 30 studies), but without explicit reference to overall health system performance. Most reviewed publications did not address process indicators (83.9%; 52/62) or discuss sustainability for multisectoral interventions in health (72.6%; 45/62). However, we observed that the greatest proportion (66.1%; 41/62) considered health system goals: health equity (68.3%; 28/41) and health outcomes (63.4%; 26/41). Although the greatest proportion (64.5%; 40/62) proposed mechanisms explaining how multisectoral interventions for health could lead to the intended outcomes, none used realistic evaluations to assess these. Conclusion Our review has established that multisectoral interventions influence health system performance through immediate improvements in service delivery efficiency, readiness, acceptability and affordability. The interconnectedness of these effects demonstrates their role in addressing the complexities of modern health care. [phrase omitted] [phrase omitted] Objectif Realiser une revue systematique consacree a l'impact des interventions multisectorielles sur la performance des systemes de sante. Methodes Nous avons procede a une revue systematique en appliquant les elements de rapport privilegies dans les protocoles de revues systematiques et meta-analyses. Nous avons explore PubMed[R], Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ainsi que la Base de donnees Cochrane des revues systematiques le 31 aout 2023 (mise a jour le 28 fevrier 2024), a la recherche d'articles de revue evalues par des pairs. Ensuite, nous avons supprime les doublons, passe les titres et resumes au crible, puis determine la qualite et l'admissibilite des articles complets. Resultats Nous avons initialement identifie 1118 publications non dupliquees; 62 d'entre elles repondaient a nos criteres d'inclusion et d'exclusion. Une grande partie des etudes examinees portaient sur des interventions multisectorielles en lien direct avec des resultats de sante specifiques (66,1%; 41 etudes) et/ou des determinants sociaux de la sante (48,4%; 30 etudes), sans toutefois faire explicitement reference a la performance globale des systemes de sante. La majorite des publications ne mentionnaient aucun indicateur de processus (83,9%; 52/62) et n'abordaient pas la durabilite des interventions multisectorielles dans le domaine de la sante (72,6%; 45/62). Nous avons neanmoins constate qu'en general, elles tenaient compte des objectifs relatifs aux systemes de sante (66,1%; 41/62): l'equite en sante (68,3%; 28/41) et les resultats de sante (63,4%; 26/41). Bien que la plupart (64,5%; 40/62) proposent des mecanismes visant a expliquer comment les interventions multisectorielles en matiere de sante pourraient amener aux resultats escomptes, aucune n'avait recours a des evaluations realistes pour les mesurer. Conclusion Notre revue nous a permis d'etablir que les interventions multisectorielles influencaient la performance des systemes de sante a travers des ameliorations immediates en termes d'efficacite, de disponibilite, d'acceptation et d'abordabilite des prestations de services. L'interdependance entre ces effets temoigne de l'importance qu'ils revetent lorsqu'il s'agit d'apprehender les rouages complexes des soins de sante modernes. [phrase omitted] Objetivo Realizar una revision sistematica sobre los efectos de las intervenciones multisectoriales en favor de la salud sobre el rendimiento de los sistemas sanitarios. Metodos Se realizo una revision sistematica de acuerdo con los items de informe preferidos para los protocolos de revision sistematica y metanalisis. Se realizaron busquedas de articulos de revistas con revision por pares en PubMed[R], Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature y la Base de Datos Cochrane de Revisiones Sistematicas el 31 de agosto de 2023 (actualizacion el 28 de febrero de 2024). Se eliminaron los duplicados, se examinaron los titulos y los resumenes y, a continuacion, se realizo una evaluacion de la elegibilidad y la calidad del texto completo. Resultados Se identificaron 1118 publicaciones iniciales no duplicadas, 62 de las cuales cumplian los criterios de inclusion y exclusion. El mayor porcentaje de estudios revisados se centro en intervenciones multisectoriales directamente relacionadas con resultados sanitarios especificos (66,1%; 41 estudios) o determinantes sociales de la salud (48,4%; 30 estudios), pero sin referencia explicita al rendimiento general del sistema sanitario. La mayoria de las publicaciones revisadas no abordaron indicadores de proceso (83,9%; 52/62) ni discutieron la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones multisectoriales en salud (72,6%; 45/62). Sin embargo, se observo que el mayor porcentaje (66,1%; 41/62) tenia en cuenta los objetivos del sistema sanitario: equidad sanitaria (68,3%; 28/41) y resultados sanitarios (63,4%; 26/41). Aunque el mayor porcentaje (64,5%; 40/62) propuso mecanismos que explicaban como las intervenciones multisectoriales para la salud podian conseguir los resultados previstos, ninguno empleo evaluaciones realistas para evaluarlos. Conclusion La revision que se realizo ha demostrado que las intervenciones multisectoriales influyen en el rendimiento de los sistemas sanitarios a traves de mejoras inmediatas en la eficiencia, la disponibilidad, la aceptabilidad y la asequibilidad de la prestacion de servicios. La interconexion de estos efectos demuestra su funcion a la hora de abordar las complejidades de la atencion sanitaria moderna., Introduction There is unequivocal recognition that health and well-being are determined by non-medical factors, including structural, social and commercial determinants of health. (1) Addressing those determinants is a task for [...]

Environmental monitoring of pesticide residues has become increasingly crucial for ensuring food safety and environmental sustainability. Current demands are not met by traditional analytical tools, but the integration of smartphones, due to their small size, high accessibility, fast processing speed, and powerful imaging capacity, holds significant potential for on-site detection of pesticide residues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the application of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensors equipped with smartphones for the detection of pesticide residues in environmental samples, covering the period from 2018 to 2024. The review encompasses recent advancements in MIP synthesis, sensor fabrication, and the incorporation of principles for improved signal precision with the integration of smartphones based on sensing signals (optical and electrochemical signals). Additionally, the diverse range of environmental samples were explored, including water, soil, and crops, where MIP sensors have demonstrated their efficacy in detecting pesticides. The potential for real-time monitoring and the challenges associated with deploying these sensors at lab scale are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the transformative impact of MIP sensors with smartphone-based detection in the field of pesticide residue analysis, paving the way for enhanced environmental monitoring practices.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, full time lockdown was applied in many countries around the world. Published literature shows that the risk of suicide and assaults has increased but the risk of motor vehicle accidents has reduced. In this research, we want to study the impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on the trauma cases who presented to the trauma cen-ter. Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study retrieved all the trauma cases who presented to the Emergency department in Rashid hospital during April 2019 and April 2020 from the patients' electronic records system. We included all the trauma cases who fell in the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) of T1-T3 only. Results: Total of 3,268 trauma cases were studied. The number of cases in April 2019 was double the cases in 2020. However, the pattern of injuries was variable in the two years. There were high-er rates of motor vehicle accidents in non-lockdown month than the lockdown month (10.5% and 6.5%, respectively) (p-value [SJEMed 2024; 5(2.000): 081-087]

Abstract Background Extreme weather events affect health by directly and indirectly increasing illness burdens and changing healthcare usage patterns. These effects can be especially severe in rural and remote areas, exacerbating existing health disparities, and necessitating urgent mitigation or adaptation strategies. Despite increased research on health and climate change, studies focusing on rural and remote populations remain limited. This study aimed to review the relationships among extreme weather events, healthcare utilization, and health outcomes in rural and remote populations, identify research gaps, and inform policy development for adaptation and disaster management in these settings. Methods A systematic scoping review was registered and conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search databases included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and the WHO IRIS. The included studies were primary research, focused on rural or remote areas, and investigated the effects of extreme weather events on either health outcomes or healthcare utilization. There were no methodological, date or language restrictions. We excluded protocols, reviews, letters, editorials, and commentaries. Two reviewers screened and extracted all data, other reviewers were invited to resolve conflicts. Findings are presented numerically or narratively as appropriate. Results The review included 135 studies from 31 countries, with most from high-income countries. Extreme weather events exacerbate communicable and noncommunicable diseases, including cardiorespiratory, mental health, and malnutrition, and lead to secondary impacts such as mass migration and increased poverty. Healthcare utilization patterns changed during these events, with increased demand for emergency services but reduced access to routine care due to disrupted services and financial constraints. Conclusions The results highlighted the essential role of community and social support in rural and remote areas during extreme weather events and the importance of primary healthcare services in disaster management. Future research should focus on developing and implementing effective mitigation and adaptation programs tailored to the unique challenges faced by these populations.

Over the past few decades, composite joints have been regarded as one of the most promising approaches. After reviewing the research articles dealing with composite beam-column joints, it can be withdrawn that few researchers studied and developed different types of composite beam-column joints. The objectives of this paper to study the effect and behavior of different connection types on the composite beam – column joint under repeated loading as well as to investigate new forms of slab connection with column flange in composite connection joints, aiming to enhance the behaviors of the joints and make the slab endure a part of the load in a more efficient way. Five specimens with various connection types were tested to failure; the composite model number two (CM2) was considered the control specimen. Regarding the ultimate moment, the result found that CM5 has moment 50.47% more than control specimen, the lowest rotation value was in CM5. The general behaviours of the FEM were in good accordance with the experiment results. According to the parametric a higher yield strength is more rigid stiffer, the effect of web thickness on the load is too small and increase in load resistance with an increase in beam flange thickness.

Aim: Since the advent of radiotherapy, the success rate of head and neck cancer treatment has increased significantly. However, when the tissue tolerance level is exceeded, unnecessary and uncontrolled exposure to radiation is considered detrimental. Such problems remain difficult to prevent and manage. The aim of the study to evaluate and compare the degree of attenuation of therapeutic radiation using four different radiation shielding materials of varying thickness. Study Setting and Design: In vitro experimental study. Materials and Methods: The samples were divided into four groups based on the different radiation shielding materials of thickness 3mm and 5mm. The materials are Lead (Pb), Silver-tin alloy (Ag-Sn) with Polyvinylsiloxane (PVS), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with Barium sulphate (BaSO4), and a combination of Ag-Sn with PVS and PMMA with BaSO4 which was exposed to radiation. The radiation dose measurements were recorded and the radiation attenuation properties of the shielding materials were evaluated. Among all of the shielding materials the most efficient material under consideration is determined. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test was used to compare the means of all four groups. Results: A statistically significant difference between groups was found by a one-way ANOVA with a P = 0.001. In the post hoc test, statistically significant findings were obtained with a P = 0.05 when comparing the variation values of 3mm and 5mm thickness between each group and other groups. Conclusion: The shielding materials results in significant reductions in radiation dosage. It was concluded that the combinations of Ag-Sn alloy with PVS, and PMMA with BaSO4 of thickness 5 mm had a good shielding effect.

The tempe industry is one of the most numerous industries in Indonesia, so there is a high opportunity for making tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The application of tempeh in the manufacture of tempeh essence drink with emprit ginger extract is expected to provide benefits to the tempe industry in Indonesia. Tempe juice drink is one of the processed food products made from tempeh. Tempe juice drink is added with emprit ginger extract to remove the unpleasant aroma from tempeh and give flavor to the tempeh juice drink. On manufacture Tempe juice drink Emprit ginger extract need addition material CMC stabilizer for increase stability and viscosity product . Study This aim To determine the economic feasibility, an economic analysis was carried out regarding the feasibility of applying tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The research begins with making assumptions and analyzing the parameters, components and cost structure, the need for investment funds and working capital. This parameter calculates projected production, revenue and cash flow. Determination of the economic feasibility of the Tempe juice drink with Emprit ginger extract with the Net Present Value (NPV), Incremental Rate of Return (IRR), Net B/C and Pay Back Period (PBP). The assumption of drinking tempeh juice with emprit ginger extract in a year is 45600 bottles at a price of IDR 10,000.00 / bottle . The proportion of capital comes from 60% own capital and 40% credit. The average operational cost per year is IDR 278.606.467.00, variable costs Rp 233.606.467.00, and a flat fee of Rp 45.000.000.00 . Average income per year Rp 319.200,000.00 while spending Rp 304.017.802.00. The profit earned is Rp 151.982.198. Sales profit 2 8.33 % with 15% tax per year. This business BEP occurs in sales with an average value of Rp. 151.982.198 or 33,33 % of production capacity per year. The results showed that the NPV was Rp 156.180.415, IRR is 53 %, and Net B/C is 1.82 times. Based on existing criteria or assumptions, this business is feasible to run with PBP for two years, or the capital invested in this business can be returned before the project ends (3 many years).

In the making of emprit ginger extract tempe beverage requires the addition of a stabilizer to increase the stability and viscosity of the product and each stabilizer has a different effect from one another. This study aims to determine the characteristics of gum arabic stabilizer, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and soy lecithin in emprit ginger extract tempe beverage used 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9% of each stabilizer. The observations were physical properties such as stability and viscosity and chemical analysis includes protein content, and pH value. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors (F1 is the type of stabilizer and F2 is the concentration of the stabilizer) and carried out with 3 replications. The obtained data was analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. Decision system analysis was performed using the MADM-SAW method to obtain the best type and concentration of stabilizer. CMC was found out in the first rank of used stabilizers in 0.5% concentration with stability in 21%, viscosity was 2.17 poise, an ash content was 0.26%, protein content was 12.77%, and pH value was 6.2.

Abstract Purpose This study evaluates the mediating roles of entertainment, perceived usefulness, and social media use on social information (content) and students’ academic performance. Methodology Primary data was collected from 445 students at King Khalid University in Saudi Arabia using the snowball sampling strategy was employed. For data analysis, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. Findings Entertainment partly mediates the link between social information quality “content” (IQ) and social media use (SMU) and SMU mediates the link between IQ and student’s academic performance (SAP). Perceived usefulness mediates the link between IQ and SAP. Suggesting that entertainment and perceived usefulness are crucially necessary for inspiring social media content to obtain optimum performance among graduate students. The study was limited to a single academic institution. Therefore, the results of the investigation cannot be generalized as a whole, and cannot track respondents’ social media activity over time. Thus, longitudinal data may be used in future investigations. Practical implications The results of this study indicate that faculties can adapt and adjust their teaching methods and activities to incorporate social media, perceived usefulness, and entertaining content since it affects student performance. Social media (SM) has a significant influence on students’ social and academic performance. Thus, educational stakeholders, such as university authorities, the government, and parents and guardians, should recognize social media as a tool for achieving educational objectives. Originality/value The study enhances the application of UTAUT2 by examining how factors that influence the adoption of technology are connected to the subsequent influence of that adoption on students’ learning and conduct.

Introduction: The success of any prosthetic rehabilitation depends on acceptable occlusion and muscle coordination. Occlusal therapy should be an integral part of restorative and prosthetic treatment. A thorough diagnosis of bite force and muscle activity is required to ensure the patient’s masticatory function and comfort. The current system of digitisation lacks devices for the simultaneous evaluation of muscle activity and occlusal bite force, representing a significant limitation in understanding and managing restorative and rehabilitation therapy. Aim: To assess the efficacy of an ingeniously designed integrated device that records occlusal bite force and muscle activity. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted among 112 healthy volunteers in the Department of Prosthodontics at Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for a period of one month and 45 days, from February 5, 2024 to March 20, 2024. The study aimed to validate the efficacy of a device designed to record bite force and muscle action potential simultaneously. The device consists of two key components: a square Force-sensitive Resistor (FSR) that records changes in resistance in response to applied force and a MyoWare 2.0 muscle sensor with Arduino (Advancer Technologies) for measuring the electrical activity of muscles. Study participants, aged between 21 and 35 years, were seated in an upright position. Muscle activity was recorded with surface electrodes placed on the masseter region, following Surface Electromyography for the Non Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) guidelines, while a ground electrode was placed on the neck. Maximum Bite Force (MBF) was measured by placing intraoral pressure sensors, with recordings taken in maximum intercuspation three times, spaced one minute apart for each recording. Both muscle activity and bite force were recorded simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between bite forces and muscle action potential with standard average values. Results: The results revealed a strong positive correlation between the masseter muscle activity action potential and the bite force values of the right molar (r=0.964, p

Introduction: Periodic paralysis is a condition that causes recurrent episodes of flaccid paralysis, and it can be primary or secondary. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is the most common type of primary periodic paralysis, and it is inherited through autosomal dominant gene transmission. Males are affected three times more often than females, and the paralysis attacks usually occur at night after a period of vigorous exercise. It is crucial to exclude other diagnostic entities based on the nature of presentation, physical examination, and paraclinical studies. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is more prevalent in Asian or Hispanic males with thyrotoxicosis, where up to 10% of thyrotoxic patients may experience periodic paralysis. Case Presentations: Here, we present 6 cases of patients who came to our care with varying degrees of muscle weakness, each showing interesting and diverse laboratory results. Conclusion: In patient assessment, it is crucial to consider social and family history. Even without this information, awareness of potential diagnoses is vital. The cause should be carefully considered for possible simple treatments. Failing to recognize and address this condition promptly could lead to severe outcomes. Timely identification and intervention are essential for effective disease management and patient welfare.

Abstract Many studies have investigated the coronary risk factors (CRFs) among premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) patients. However, reports on the proportion and CRFs of PCAD according to different age cut-offs for PCAD is globally under-reported. This study aimed to determine the proportion of PCAD patients and analyse the significant CRFs according to different age cut-offs among percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-treated patients. Patients who underwent PCI between 2007 and 2018 in two cardiology centres were included (n = 29,241) and were grouped into four age cut-off groups that defines PCAD: (A) Males/females:

Professional Learning Community (PLC) is embedded in one of the Malaysian educational policies with the aim of improving teachers' effectiveness. However, the robust empirical evidence upon this matter is scarce, especially in terms of the relationship between school culture and PLC. Therefore, a correlational design study conducted to examine the relationships between the school culture dimensions (Collaboration, Collegiality, Emphasis on Learning, Professional Value, Sharing Planning, Transformational Leadership) and PLC. A randomized controlled trial cluster involving 612 teachers has been conducted. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS version 3 was applied to analyze the data. The result from SEM path analysis shows that only three constructs have significant influences on PLC, which are Professional Value ([beta] :0.045); Sharing Planning ([beta] :0.071), and Transformational Leadership ([beta] :0.040). This study has gone some way towards enhancing the understanding of the importance of school culture in promoting teachers' professional development through PLC.

Abstract Background Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common neurootologic disorder, characterized by brief attacks of vertigo aggravated by certain head positions. During the last two decades, several studies were performed in different countries trying to find a relationship between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vitamin D3 (25 hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency. Objectives This study aimed to find the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and total serum calcium with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Patients and methods A case–control study conducted from January 2021 to December 2021, consisted of 62 participants; 30 patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 32 healthy persons considered as a control group. The age and sex of both groups were matched, and diagnosis was made by history and examination (Dix-Hallpike’s maneuver). A blood sample was taken to evaluate serum vitamin D level and total serum calcium. The results were compared between both groups. Results The mean levels of vitamin D3 in patients and control groups were 18.57 ± 9.88 ng/ml and 64.12 ± 24.64 ng/ml, respectively, with a statistically significant difference at p ≤ 0.0001. Moreover, regarding vitamin D3 deficiency below 20 ng/ml between patients and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference p = 0.001. Furthermore, there was no significant difference regarding total serum calcium between the two groups, the mean of both groups was 8.57 ± 0.68 mg/dl and 8.93 ± 0.92 mg/dl for patients and control, respectively, at p = 0.084. Conclusion There might be an association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vitamin D3 deficiency. Moreover, there was no significant difference concerning total serum calcium levels between the patient and control groups.

Abstract Background Electronic Health Record systems (EHRs) offer significant benefits and have transformed healthcare in developed countries. However, their implementation and adoption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains low due to challenges and competing interests. Health professionals’ perception of EHRs can influence their adoption and continued use. The objectives of this study are to explore the perception of health professionals regarding implemented EHR systems in three hospitals in Ghana and identify factors influencing their perception and satisfaction. Methods In this study, we employed a concurrent mixed method design to collect data from study participants from May to June 2023. The quantitative part employed a descriptive-survey and the qualitative (in-depth interview) techniques was applied. After obtaining written informed consent from each respondent, a structured survey questionnaire was filled out by the health professionals from three hospitals. An a priori power calculation was used to determine the sample size for the quantitative component. Two hundred and sixty-three (263) health professionals completed the questionnaire from the three facilities. A purposive sampling technique was used to select fifteen [1] participants for the interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was used for the in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes using QSR Nvivo 12 software before thematic content analysis. Results Our findings revealed that 213 (80.99%) health professionals perceived the EHRs as beneficial to patients and were generally satisfied. An overwhelming majority, 197 (74.90%) of the health professionals, were satisfied with its use and expressed interest in continuing to use the system. The majority of health professionals viewed the EHRs to have improved their work and workflow processes and provided the desired results. However, few other health professionals were dissatisfied with the system because they viewed the EHRs as frustrating due to unstable internet connectivity and power supply. Other concerns were related to the privacy and confidentiality of patient information. They believe access to patient information should be on a need-to-know basis, and patient information should not be accessible to all other clinicians except those involved directly in their care processes. Conclusion The study revealed that health professionals have a positive perception of the implemented EHRs, are highly satisfied with them, and are interested in continuing to use them. However, health professionals’ concerns about the unstable power supply, poor internet connectivity, security, and confidentiality of patient’s information need attention, to mitigate their frustrations and boost their confidence in the system.

This research is conducted to study the induction of polyploidization in Katokkon chili using colchicine to study the effect of chromosome doubling or polyploid on certain superior characters during the seedling phase. Some morphological alterations were determined and proven to persist during the seedling phase. The study was conducted in the laboratory and screen house of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. The polyploidy of the Katokkon chili is induced by soaking the germinated seeds in 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% colchicine solutions for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours each. Ploidy levels are analyzed using flow cytometry (Partec®Cy-Flow Space TM). Results show significant differences in colchicine treatment affecting all parameters observed: hypocotyl base of sprouts, plant height, stomata size, and the number of lateral shoots. Flow cytometry analysis histogram confirmed that administration of 0.1% colchicine concentration with 48 hours soaking time and 0.2% colchicine concentration with 24- or 48-hour soaking time can induce tetraploid plants (4n=48) with different coefficients of variance (CV-x%), 5.36%, 4.65%, 6.08%, respectively. Vigorous growth phenotype in leaf size and plant height was more clearly seen in the one-month-old tetraploid Katokkon chili seedlings induced by 0.10% with a soaking time of 48 hours.

Biochar can be a good soil amendment to reduce the soil pH, increase crop growth rate, and improve the efficient use of fertilizer. Other than that, silicon fertilizer also would promote photosynthetic ability on plant development that would help to produce high yield. In this work, a series of experiments was conducted to observe the effect of rice husk biochar and silicon fertilizer on the maize growth rate and soil pH. A 45-day pot experiment in the greenhouse with three replicates of 9 experimental treatment combinations of RHB at two rates (5 and 2.5 t.ha-1) with silicon fertilizer at three rates (125%, 100%, 75%), sole biochar (10 t.ha-1), sole silicon fertilizer (100%) and control (NPK) to observe the best rate and combination to improve growth rate and change in soil chemical in acid soil. The result showed that the co-application of sole biochar and biochar with Silicon significantly improved growth development, increased photosynthesis rate, altered soil pH, and reduced Fe concentration compared to control. The plant height increased 88.35% from T4 (5 t.ha-1 RHB + 100% Si) compared to the control and the conductance was higher in T4 (0.53) followed by T8 (0.438) while T1 (0.071) recorded the lowest conductance. The shoot fresh weight was higher in T4 (127.83 g) followed by T8 (57.14 g). However, the weight increased by 343.7% at T4 followed by T8 (2.5 t.ha-1 RHB + 75% Si) at 98.33%. The highest pH increment of 1.24 units (T1 = 5.53, T4 = 6.77) of soil pH was noted from T4 (5 t.ha-1 RHB + 100% Si) compared to control (NPK), and the highest total Fe in soil was observed from T1 (442.30 mg.kg-1). The current study results showed that T4 (50% RHB + 100% Silicon) was the best treatment over the other rates of RHB and silicon increased plant height, photosynthetic rate, and biomass.

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disorder that lacks a definite cure. Using a mouse DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions model, this study evaluated the potential therapeutic utility of tHGA as an oral and topical treatment for AD. Male BALB/c mice were sensitised and challenged with 1% and 0.5% DNCB on their shaved dorsal skin. Mice in the treatment group were administered tHGA (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) orally three times per week for 2 weeks, or tHGA (0.2%, 1%, and 5%) topically once daily for 12 days. On day 34, the mice were euthanized, and blood and dorsal skin samples were obtained for analysis. All doses of orally and topically administered tHGA significantly improved scratching, epidermal thickness, blood eosinophilia and mast cell infiltration. There was a minor discrepancy between the two routes of administration, with orally treated tHGA showing significant reductions in Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), tissue eosinophil infiltration, serum IgE and skin IL-4 levels with treatment of 40 and 80 mg/kg tHGA, whereas topically applied tHGA showed significant reductions in all dosages. These findings suggest that tHGA exhibited therapeutic potential for AD as both oral and topical treatment ameliorates AD-like symptoms in the murine model.

As the population increased, the requirement for housing increased as well. The Randuputih coastal area on the coasts of Probolinggo Regency is located in the northern part of Java Island, so most residential areas are in the north coastal area. In this area, there is housing development close to the coastal area. With the housing development near the Probolinggo coastal area, we plan to build a coastal protection building as a groin structure to prevent erosion along the coast. In designing the groin structure, it is necessary to analyze the coastline changes in the Randuputih coastal area, Probolinggo Regency, to calculate the length of the groin built in that area. As a reference for calculating the groin structure, the analysis carried out observed changes in the coastline over 20 years (2003-2023). The sediment transport method used is the Ijima Sato sediment transport method because this method approximates changes in coastlines based on observations over 20 years in the Randuputih coastal area, Probolinggo Regency. The average sediment transport is 3.74 m3/day from the northwest. Adding three groin structures along 700m can maintain coastline change stability by up to 6.61%. Before the groins were applied, the average coastline change was 34%.