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2. Sustained reduction of essential tremor with low-power non-thermal transcranial focused ultrasound stimulations in humans

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Bancel, Thomas, Béranger, Benoît, Daniel, Maxime, Didier, Mélanie, Santin, Mathieu, Rachmilevitch, Itay, Shapira, Yeruham, Tanter, Mickael, Bardinet, Eric, Fernandez Vidal, Sara, Attali, David, Galléa, Cécile, Dizeux, Alexandre, Vidailhet, Marie, Lehéricy, Stéphane, Grabli, David, Pyatigorskaya, Nadya, Karachi, Carine, Hainque, Elodie, and Aubry, Jean-François

Published
2024
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3. Immunomodulators for immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Hermine, Olivier, Mariette, Xavier, Ravaud, Philippe, Bureau, Serge, Dougados, Maxime, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Tibi, Annick, Azoulay, Elie, Cadranel, Jacques, Emmerich, Joseph, Fartoukh, Muriel, Guidet, Bertrand, Humbert, Marc, Lacombe, Karine, Mahevas, Matthieu, Pene, Frédéric, Porcher, Raphaël, Pourchet-Martinez, Valerie, Schlemmer, Frédéric, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Baron, Gabriel, Perrodeau, Elodie, Vanhoye, Damien, Kedzia, Cécile, Demerville, Lauren, Gysembergh-Houal, Anne, Bourgoin, Alexandre, Raked, Nabil, Mameri, Lakhdar, Montlahuc, Claire, Biard, Lucie, Alary, St.phanie, Hamiria, Samir, Bariz, Thinhinane, Semri, Hala, Hai, Dhiaa Meriem, Benafla, Moustafa, Belloul, Mohamed, Vauboin, Pernelle, Flamand, Saskia, Pacheco, Claire, Walter-Petrich, Anouk, Stan, Emilia, Benarab, Souad, Nyanou, Corine, Charreteur, Robin, Dupre, Céline, Cardet, Kévin, Lehmann, Blandine, Baghli, Kamyl, Madelaine, Claire, D'Ortenzio, Eric, Puéchal, Oriane, Semaille, Caroline, Savale, Laurent, Harrois, Anatole, Figueiredo, Samy, Duranteau, Jacques, Anguel, Nadia, Pavot, Arthur, Monnet, Xavier, Richard, Christian, Teboul, Jean-Louis, Durand, Philippe, Tissieres, Pierre, Jevnikar, Mitja, Montani, David, Pavy, Stephan, Nocturne, Gaétane, Bitoun, Samuel, Noel, Nicolas, Lambotte, Olivier, Escaut, Lelia, Jauréguiberry, Stephane, Baudry, Elodie, Verny, Christiane, Lefevre, Edouard, Zaidan, Mohamad, Molinari, Domitille, Leprun, Gaël, Fourreau, Alain, Cylly, Laurent, Grimaldi, Lamiae, Virlouvet, Myriam, Meftali, Ramdane, Fabre, Soléne, Licois, Marion, Mamoune, Asmaa, Boudali, Yacine, Le Tiec, Clotilde, Verstuyft, Céline, Roques, Anne-Marie, Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie, Senet, Patricia, Pialoux, Gilles, Soria, Angele, Parrot, Antoine, François, Helene, Rozensztajn, Nathalie, Blin, Emmanuelle, Choinier, Pascaline, Camuset, Juliette, Rech, Jean-Simon, Canellas, Antony, Rolland-Debord, Camille, Lemarié, Nadege, Belaube, Nicolas, Nadal, Marine, Siguier, Martin, Petit-Hoang, Camille, Chas, Julie, Drouet, Elodie, Lemoine, Matthieu, Phibel, Audrey, Aunay, Lucie, Bertrand, Eliane, Ravato, Sylviane, Vayssettes, Marie, Adda, Anne, Wilpotte, Celine, Thibaut, Pélagie, Fillon, Julie, Debrix, Isabelle, Fellahi, Soraya, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Lefévre, Guillaume, Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric, Hansmann, Yves, Blanc, Frédéric, Ohlmann-Caillard, Sophie, Castelain, Vincent, Chatelus, Emmanuel, Chatron, Eva, Collange, Olivier, Danion, François, De Blay, Frédéric, Diemunsch, Pierre, Diemunsch, Sophie, Felten, Renaud, Goichot, Bernard, Greigert, Valentin, Guffroy, Aurelien, Heger, Bob, Kaeuffer, Charlotte, Kassegne, Loic, Korganow, Anne Sophie, Le Borgne, Pierrick, Lefebvre, Nicolas, Mertes, Paul-Michel, Noll, Eric, Oberlin, Mathieu, Poindron, Vincent, Pottecher, Julien, Ruch, Yvon, Weill, François, Meyer, Nicolas, Andres, Emmanuel, Demonsant, Eric, Tayebi, Hakim, Nisand, Gabriel, Brin, Stéphane, Sublon, Cédric, Becker, Guillaume, Hutt, Anne, Martin, Tristan, Bayer, Sophie, Metzger, Catherine, Mekinian, Arsene, Abisror, Noémie, Adedjouma, Amir, Bollens, Diane, Bonneton, Marion, Bourcicaux, Nathalie, Bourrier, Anne, Thibault Chiarabiani, Maria Chauchard, Chopin, Doroth.e, Cohen, Jonathan, Devred, Ines, Donadille, Bruno, Fain, Olivier, Hariri, Geoffrey, Jachiet, Vincent, Ingliz, Patrick, Garnier, Marc, Gatfosse, Marc, Ghrenassia, Etienne, Gobert, Delphine, Krause le Garrec, Jessica, Landman, Cecilia, Lavillegrand, Jean Remy, Lefebvre, Benedicte, Mahevas, Thibault, Mazerand, Sandie, Meynard, Jean Luc, Morgand, Marjolaine, Ouaz.ne, Zineb, Pacanowski, Jerome, Riviere, S.bastien, Seksik, Philippe, Sokol, Harry, Soliman, Heithem, Valin, Nadia, Urbina, Thomas, McAvoy, Chloé, Miranda, Maria Pereira, Aratus, Gladys, Berard, Laurence, Simon, Tabassome, Nguyen, Anne Daguenel, Girault, Elise, Mayala-Kanda, Cl.mentine, Antignac, Marie, Leplay, Céline, Arlet, Jean-Benoit, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Bellenfant, Florence, Blanchard, Anne, Buffet, Alexandre, Cholley, Bernard, Fayol, Antoine, Flamarion, Edouard, Godier, Anne, Gorget, Thomas, Hamada, Sophie-Rym, Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Lebeaux, David, Livrozet, Marine, Michon, Adrien, Neuschwander, Arthur, Pennet, Marie-Aude, Planquette, Benjamin, Ranque, Brigitte, Sanchez, Olivier, Volle, Geoffroy, Briois, Sandrine, Cornic, Mathias, Elisee, Virginie, Denis, Jesuthasan, Djadi-Prat, Juliette, Jouany, Pauline, Junquera, Ramon, Henriques, Mickael, Kebir, Amina, Lehir, Isabelle, Meunier, Jeanne, Patin, Florence, Paquet, Val.rie, Tréhan, Anne, Vigna, Véronique, Sabatier, Brigitte, Bergerot, Damien, Jouve, Charléne, Knosp, Camille, Lenoir, Olivia, Mahtal, Nassim, Resmini, Léa, Lescure, Xavier, Ghosn, Jade, Bachelard, Antoine, Rachline, Anne, Isernia, Valentina, Bao-chau, Phung, Vallois, Dorothée, Sautereau, Aurelie, Neukrich, Catherine, Dossier, Antoine, Borie, Raphaël, Crestani, Bruno, Ducrocq, Gregory, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Dieude, Philippe, Papo, Thomas, Marcault, Estelle, Chaudhry, Marhaba, Da Silveira, Charléne, Metois, Annabelle, Mahenni, Ismahan, Meziani, Meriam, Nilusmas, Cyndie, Le Gac, Sylvie, Ndiaye, Awa, Louni, Fran.oise, Chansombat, Malikhone, Julia, Zelie, Chalal, Solaya, Chalal, Lynda, Kramer, Laura, Le Grand, Jeniffer, Ouifiya, Kafif, Piquard, Valentine, Tubiana, Sarah, Nguyen, Yann, Honsel, Vasco, Weiss, Emmanuel, Codorniu, Anais, Zarrouk, Virginie, de Lastours, Victoire, Uzzan, Matthieu, Gamany, Naura, Claveirole, Agathe, Navid, Alexandre, Fouque, Tiffanie, Cohen, Yonathan, Lupo, Maya, Gilles, Constance, Rahli, Roza, Louis, Zeina, Boutboul, David, Galicier, Lionel, Amara, Yaël, Archer, Gabrielle, Benattia, Amira, Bergeron, Anne, Bondeelle, Louise, de Castro, Nathalie, Clément, Melissa, Darmon, Michaël, Denis, Blandine, Dupin, Clairelyne, Feredj, Elsa, Feyeux, Delphine, Joseph, Adrien, Lenglin, Etienne, Le Guen, Pierre, Liégeon, Geoffroy, Lorillon, Gwenaël, Mabrouki, Asma, Mariotte, Eric, Martin de Frémont, Grégoire, Mirouse, Adrien, Molina, Jean-Michel, Peffault de Latour, Régis, Oksenhendler, Eric, Saussereau, Julien, Tazi, Abdellatif, Tudesq, Jean-Jacques, Zafrani, Lara, Brindele, Isabelle, Bugnet, Emmanuelle, Lebras, Karine Celli, Chabert, Julien, Djaghout, Lamia, Fauvaux, Catherine, Jegu, Anne Lise, Kozakiewicz, Ewa, Meunier, Martine, Tremorin, Marie-Thérèse, Davoine, Claire, Madelaine, Isabelle, Caillat-Zucman, Sophie, Delaugerre, Constance, Morin, Florence, Sène, Damien, Burlacu, Ruxandra, Chousterman, Benjamin, Mégarbanne, Bruno, Richette, Pascal, Riveline, Jean-Pierre, Frazier, Aline, Vicaut, Eric, Berton, Laure, Hadjam, Tassadit, Vazquez-Ibarra, Miguel Alejandro, Jourdaine, Clément, Tran, Olivia, Jouis, Véronique, Jacob, Aude, Smati, Julie, Renaud, Stéphane, Pernin, Claire, Suarez, Lydia, Semerano, Luca, Abad, Sébastien, nainous, Ruben B., Bonnet, Nicolas, Comparon, Celine, Cohen, Yves, Cordel, Hugues, Dhote, Robin, Dournon, Nathalie, Duchemann, Boris, Ebstein, Nathan, Gille, Thomas, Giroux-Leprieur, Benedicte, Goupil de Bouille, Jeanne, Nunes, Hilario, Oziel, Johanna, Roulot, Dominique, Sese, Lucile, ClaireTantet, Uzunhan, Yurdagul, Bloch-Queyrat, Coralie, Levy, Vincent, Messani, Fadhila, Rahaoui, Mohammed, Petit, Myléne, Brahmi, Sabrina, Rathoin, Vanessa, Rigal, Marthe, Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie, Luong, Liem Binh, Hamou, Zakaria Ait, Benghanem, Sarah, Blanche, Philippe, Carlier, Nicolas, Chaigne, Benjamin, Gauzit, Remy, Joumaa, Hassan, Jozwiak, Mathieu, Lachétre, Marie, Lafoeste, Hélène, Launay, Odie, Legendre, Paul, Marey, Jonathan, Morbieu, Caroline, Palmieri, Lola-Jade, Szwebel, Tali-Anne, Abdoul, Hendy, Bruneau, Alexandra, Beclin-Clabaux, Audrey, Larrieu, Charly, Montanari, Pierre, Dufour, Eric, Clarke, Ada, Le Bourlout, Catherine, Marin, Nathalie, Menage, Nathalie, Saleh-Mghir, Samira, Cisse, Mamadou Salif, Cheref, Kahina, Guerin, Corinne, Zerbit, Jérémie, Michel, Marc, Gallien, Sébastien, Crickx, Etienne, Le Vavasseur, Benjamin, Kempf, Emmanuelle, Jaffal, Karim, Vindrios, William, Oniszczuk, Julie, Guillaud, Constance, Lim, Pascal, Fois, Elena, Melica, Giovanna, Matignon, Marie, Jalabert, Maud, Lelièvre, Jean-Daniel, Schmitz, David, Bourhis, Marion, Belazouz, Sylia, Languille, Laetitia, Boucle, Caroline, Cita, Nelly, Didier, Agnés, Froura, Fahem, Ledudal, Katia, Sadaoui, Thiziri, Thiemele, Alaki, Le Febvre De Bailly, Delphine, Verlinde, Muriel Carvhalo, Mayaux, Julien, Cacoub, Patrice, Saadoun, David, Vautier, Mathieu, Bugaut, Héléne, Benveniste, Olivier, Allenbach, Yves, Leroux, Gaëlle, Rigolet, Aude, Guillaume-Jugnot, Perrine, Domont, Fanny, Desbois, Anne Claire, Comarmond, Chloé, Champtiaux, Nicolas, Toquet, Segolene, Ghembaza, Amine, Vieira, Matheus, Maalouf, Georgina, Boleto, Goncalo, Ferfar, Yasmina, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Louapre, C.line, Sambin, Sara, Mariani, Louise-Laure, Karachi, Carine, Tubach, Florence, Estellat, Candice, Gimeno, Linda, Martin, Karine, Bah, Aicha, Keo, Vixra, Ouamri, Sabrine, Messaoudi, Yasmine, Yelles, Nessima, Faye, Pierre, Cavelot, Sebastien, Larcheveque, Cecile, Annonay, Laurence, Benhida, Jaouad, Zahrate-Ghoul, Aida, Hammal, Soumeya, Belilita, Ridha, Charbonnier, Fanny, Aguilar, Claire, Alby-Laurent, Fanny, Burger, Carole, Campos-Vega, Clara, Chavarot, Nathalie, Fournier, Benjamin, Rouzaud, Claire, Vimpére, Damien, Elie, Caroline, Bakouboula, Prissile, Choupeaux, Laure, Granville, Sophie, Issorat, Elodie, Broissand, Christine, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Geri, Guillaume, Derridj, Nawal, Sguiouar, Naima, Meddah, Hakim, Djadel, Mourad, Chambrin-Lauvray, Héléne, Duclos-vallée, Jean-Charles, Saliba, Faouzi, Sacleux, Sophie-Caroline, Kounis, Ilias, Tamazirt, Sonia, Rudant, Eric, Michot, Jean-Marie, Stoclin, Annabelle, Colomba, Emeline, Pommeret, Fanny, Willekens, Christophe, Da Silva, Rosa, Dejean, Valérie, Mekid, Yasmina, Ben-Mabrouk, Ines, Netzer, Florence, Pradon, Caroline, Drouard, Laurence, Camara-Clayette, Valérie, Morel, Alexandre, Garcia, Gilles, Mohebbi, Abolfazl, Berbour, Férial, Dehais, Mélanie, Pouliquen, Anne-Lise, Klasen, Alison, Soyez-Herkert, Loren, London, Jonathan, Keroumi, Younes, Guillot, Emmanuelle, Grailles, Guillaume, El amine, Younes, Defrancq, Fanny, Fodil, Hanane, Bouras, Chaouki, Dautel, Dominique, Gambier, Nicolas, Dieye, Thierno, Bienvenu, Boris, Lancon, Victor, Lecomte, Laurence, Beziriganyan, Kristina, Asselate, Belkacem, Allanic, Laure, Kiouris, Elena, Legros, Marie-Héléne, Lemagner, Christine, Martel, Pascal, Provitolo, Vincent, Ackermann, Félix, Le Marchand, Mathilde, Chan Hew Wai, Aurélie, Fremont, Dimitri, Coupez, Elisabeth, Adda, Mireille, Duée, Frédéric, Bernard, Lise, Gros, Antoine, Henry, Estelle, Courtin, Claire, Pattyn, Anne, Guinot, Pierre-Grégoire, Bardou, Marc, Maurer, Agnes, Jambon, Julie, Cransac, Amélie, Pernot, Corinne, Mourvillier, Bruno, Marquis, Eric, Benoit, Philippe, Roux, Damien, Gernez, Coralie, Yelnik, Cécile, Poissy, Julien, Nizard, Mandy, Denies, Fanette, Gros, Helene, Mourad, Jean-Jacques, Sacco, Emmanuelle, Renet, Sophie, Ader, F., Yazdanpanah, Y., Mentre, F., Peiffer-Smadja, N., Lescure, F.X., Poissy, J., Bouadma, L., Timsit, J.F., Lina, B., Morfin-Sherpa, F., Bouscambert, M., Gaymard, A., Peytavin, G., Abel, L., Guedj, J., Andrejak, C., Burdet, C., Laouenan, C., Belhadi, D., Dupont, A., Alfaiate, T., Basli, B., Chair, A., Laribi, S., Level, J., Schneider, M., Tellier, M.C., Dechanet, A., Costagliola, D., Terrier, B., Ohana, M., Couffin-Cadiergues, S., Esperou, H., Delmas, C., Saillard, J., Fougerou, C., Moinot, L., Wittkop, L., Cagnot, C., Le Mestre, S., Lebrasseur-Longuet, D., Petrov-Sanchez, V., Diallo, A., Mercier, N., Icard, V., Leveau, B., Tubiana, S., Hamze, B., Gelley, A., Noret, M., D’Ortenzio, E., Puechal, O., Semaille, C., Welte, T., Paiva, J.A., Halanova, M., Kieny, M.P., Balssa, E., Birkle, C., Gibowski, S., Landry, E., Le Goff, A., Moachon, L., Moins, C., Wadouachi, L., Paul, C., Levier, A., Bougon, D., Djossou, F., Epelboin, L., Dellamonica, J., Marquette, C.H., Robert, C., Gibot, S., Senneville, E., Jean-Michel, V., Zerbib, Y., Chirouze, C., Boyer, A., Cazanave, C., Gruson, D., Malvy, D., Andreu, P., Quenot, J.P., Terzi, N., Faure, K., Chabartier, C., Le Moing, V., Klouche, K., Ferry, T., F, Valour, Gaborit, B., Canet, E., Le Turnier, P., Boutoille, D., Bani-Sadr, F., Benezit, F., Revest, M., Cameli, C., Caro, A., Um Tegue, MJ Ngo, Le Tulzo, Y., Laviolle, B., Laine, F., Thiery, G., Meziani, F., Hansmann, Y., Oulehri, W., Tacquard, C., Vardon-Bounes, F., Riu-Poulenc, B., Murris-Espin, M., Bernard, L., Garot, D., Hinschberger, O., Martinot, M., Bruel, C., Pilmis, B., Bouchaud, O., Loubet, P., Roger, C., Monnet, X., Figueiredo, S., Godard, V., Mira, J.P., Lachatre, M., Kerneis, S., Aboab, J., Sayre, N., Crockett, F., Lebeaux, D., Buffet, A., Diehl, J.L., Fayol, A., Hulot, J.S., Livrozet, M., Dessap, A Mekontso, Ficko, C., Stefan, F., Le Pavec, J., Mayaux, J., Ait-Oufella, H., Molina, J.M., Pialoux, G., Fartoukh, M., Textoris, J., Brossard, M., Essat, A., Netzer, E., Riault, Y., Ghislain, M., Beniguel, L., Genin, M., Gouichiche, L., Betard, C., Belkhir, L., Altdorfer, A., Centro, V Fraipont, Braz, S., Ribeiro, JM Ferreira, Alburqueque, R Roncon, Berna, M., Alexandre, M., Lamprecht, B., Egle, A., Greil, R., Joannidis, M., Patterson, Thomas F., Ponce, Philip O., Taylor, Barbara S., Patterson, Jan E., Bowling, Jason E., Javeri, Heta, Kalil, Andre C., Larson, LuAnn, Hewlett, Angela, Mehta, Aneesh K., Rouphael, Nadine G., Saklawi, Youssef, Scanlon, Nicholas, Traenkner, Jessica J., Trible, Ronald P., Jr., Walter, Emmanuel B., Ivey, Noel, Holland, Thomas L., Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M., Ponce de León, Alfredo, Rajme, Sandra, Hsieh, Lanny, Amin, Alpesh N., Watanabe, Miki, Lee, Helen S., Kline, Susan, Billings, Joanne, Noren, Brooke, Kim, Hyun, Bold, Tyler D., Tapson, Victor, Grein, Jonathan, Sutterwala, Fayyaz, Iovine, Nicole, Beattie, Lars K., Wakeman, Rebecca Murray, Shaw, Matthew, Jain, Mamta K., Mocherla, Satish, Meisner, Jessica, Luque, Amneris, Sweeney, Daniel A., Benson, Constance A., Ali, Farhana, Atmar, Robert L., El Sahly, Hana M., Whitaker, Jennifer, Falsey, Ann R., Branche, Angela R., Rozario, Cheryl, Pineda, Justino Regalado, Martinez-Orozco, José Arturo, Lye, David Chien, Ong, Sean WX., Chia, Po Ying, Young, Barnaby E., Sandkovsky, Uriel, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Cantos, Valeria D., Kelley, Colleen F., Rebolledo Esteinou, Paulina A., Kandiah, Sheetal, Doernberg, Sarah B., Crouch, Pierre-Cedric B., Jang, Hannah, Luetkemeyer, Anne F., Dwyer, Jay, Cohen, Stuart H., Thompson, George R., 3rd, Nguyen, Hien H., Finberg, Robert W., Wang, Jennifer P., Perez-Velazquez, Juan, Wessolossky, Mireya, Jackson, Patrick E.H., Bell, Taison D., West, Miranda J., Taiwo, Babafemi, Krueger, Karen, Perez, Johnny, Pearson, Triniece, Paules, Catharine I., Julian, Kathleen G., Ahmad, Danish, Hajduczok, Alexander G., Arguinchona, Henry, Arguinchona, Christa, Erdmann, Nathaniel, Goepfert, Paul, Ahuja, Neera, Frank, Maria G., Wyles, David, Young, Heather, Oh, Myoung-don, Park, Wan Beom, Kang, Chang Kyung, Marconi, Vincent, Moanna, Abeer, Cribbs, Sushma, Harrison, Telisha, Kim, Eu Suk, Jung, Jongtak, Song, Kyoung-Ho, Kim, Hong Bin, Tan, Seow Yen, Shafi, Humaira, Chien, Jaime, Fong, Raymond KC., Murray, Daniel D., Lundgren, Jens, Nielsen, Henrik, Jensen, Tomas, Zingman, Barry S., Grossberg, Robert, Riska, Paul F., Yang, Otto O., Ahn, Jenny, Arias, Rubi, Rapaka, Rekha R., Hauser, Naomi, Campbell, James D., Short, William R., Tebas, Pablo, Baron, Jillian T., McLellan, Susan L.F., Blanton, Lucas S., Seashore, Justin B., Creech, C. Buddy, Rice, Todd W., Walker, Shannon, Thomsen, Isaac P., Lopez de Castilla, Diego, Van Winkle, Jason W., Riedo, Francis X., Pada, Surinder Kaur, Wang, Alvin DY., Lin, Li, Harkins, Michelle, Mertz, Gregory, Sosa, Nestor, Ann Chai, Louis Yi, Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah, Tham, Sai Meng, Archuleta, Sophia, Yan, Gabriel, Lindholm, David A., Markelz, Ana Elizabeth, Mende, Katrin, Mularski, Richard, Hohmann, Elizabeth, Torres-Soto, Mariam, Jilg, Nikolaus, Maves, Ryan C., Utz, Gregory C., George, Sarah L., Hoft, Daniel F., Brien, James D., Paredes, Roger, Mateu, Lourdes, Loste, Cora, Kumar, Princy, Thornton, Sarah, Mohanraj, Sharmila, Hynes, Noreen A., Sauer, Lauren M., Colombo, Christopher J., Schofield, Christina, Colombo, Rhonda E., Chambers, Susan E., Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Gupta, Samir K., Lee, Tida, Lalani, Tahaniyat, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Huprikar, Nikhil, Ganesan, Anuradha, Ohmagari, Norio, Mikami, Ayako, Price, D. Ashley, Duncan, Christopher J.A., Dierberg, Kerry, Neumann, Henry J., Taylor, Stephanie N., Lacour, Alisha, Masri, Najy, Swiatlo, Edwin, Widmer, Kyle, Neaton, James D., Bessesen, Mary, Stephens, David S., Burgess, Timothy H., Uyeki, Timothy M., Walker, Robert, Marks, G. Lynn, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Cardoso, Anabela, de Bono, Stephanie, Schlichting, Douglas E., Chung, Kevin K., Ferreira, Jennifer L., Green, Michelle, Makowski, Mat, Wierzbicki, Michael R., Conrad, Tom M., El-Khorazaty, Jill Ann, Hill, Heather, Bonnett, Tyler, Gettinger, Nikki, Engel, Theresa, Lewis, Teri, Wang, Jing, Beigel, John H., Tomashek, Kay M., Ghazaryan, Varduhi, Beresnev, Tatiana, Nayak, Seema, Dodd, Lori E., Dempsey, Walla, Nomicos, Effie, Lee, Marina, Pikaart-Tautges, Rhonda, Elsafy, Mohamed, Jurao, Robert, Koo, Hyung, Proschan, Michael, Yokum, Tammy, Arega, Janice, Florese, Ruth, Voell, Jocelyn D., Davey, Richard, Serrano, Ruth C., Wiley, Zanthia, Phadke, Varun K., Goepfert, Paul A., Gomez, Carlos A., Sofarelli, Theresa A., Certain, Laura, Imlay, Hannah N., Wolfe, Cameron R., Ko, Emily R., Engemann, John J., Felix, Nora Bautista, Wan, Claire R., Elmor, Sammy T., Bristow, Laurel R., Harkins, Michelle S., Iovine, Nicole M., Elie-Turenne, Marie-Carmelle, Tapson, Victor F., Choe, Pyoeng Gyun, Mularski, Richard A., Rhie, Kevin S., Hussein, Rezhan H., Ince, Dilek, Winokur, Patricia L., Takasaki, Jin, Saito, Sho, McConnell, Kimberly, Wyles, David L., Sarcone, Ellen, Grimes, Kevin A., Perez, Katherine, Janak, Charles, Whitaker, Jennifer A., Rebolledo, Paulina A., Gharbin, John, Lambert, Allison A., Zea, Diego F., Bainbridge, Emma, Hostler, David C., Hostler, Jordanna M., Shahan, Brian T., Ling, Evelyn, Go, Minjoung, Hubbard, Fleesie A., Chakrabarty, Melony, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, Walsh, Edward E., Guirgis, Faheem, Marconi, Vincent C., Madar, Christian, Borgetti, Scott A., Levine, Corri, Nock, Joy, Candiotti, Keith, Rozman, Julia, Dangond, Fernando, Hyvert, Yann, Seitzinger, Andrea, Cross, Kaitlyn, Pettibone, Stephanie, Nayak, Seema U., Deye, Gregory A., Siempos, Ilias I., Belhadi, Drifa, Veiga, Viviane Cordeiro, Cavalcanti, Alexandre Biasi, Branch-Elliman, Westyn, Papoutsi, Eleni, Gkirgkiris, Konstantinos, Xixi, Nikoleta A., and Kotanidou, Anastasia

Published
2024
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4. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a crisis of access

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Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Andrade, Pablo, Mosley, Philip E., Greenberg, Benjamin D., Schuurman, Rick, McLaughlin, Nicole C., Voon, Valerie, Krack, Paul, Foote, Kelly D., Mayberg, Helen S., Figee, Martijn, Kopell, Brian H., Polosan, Mircea, Joyce, Eileen M., Chabardes, Stephan, Matthews, Keith, Baldermann, Juan C., Tyagi, Himanshu, Holtzheimer, Paul E., Bervoets, Chris, Hamani, Clement, Karachi, Carine, Denys, Damiaan, Zrinzo, Ludvic, Blomstedt, Patric, Naesström, Matilda, Abosch, Aviva, Rasmussen, Steven, Coenen, Volker A., Schlaepfer, Thomas E., Dougherty, Darin D., Domenech, Philippe, Silburn, Peter, Giordano, James, Lozano, Andres M., Sheth, Sameer A., Coyne, Terry, Kuhn, Jens, Mallet, Luc, Nuttin, Bart, Hariz, Marwan, and Okun, Michael S.

Published
2022
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5. Perspectives of Implementation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation: From Neurological to Psychiatric Disorders

Author

German Research Foundation, Abbott Fund, Martín-Rodríguez, Juan Francisco [0000-0003-1392-8775], Adarmes Gómez, A. D. [0000-0002-1337-9289], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Groppa, Sergiu, González-Escamilla, Gabriel, Tinkhauser, Gerd, Baqapuri, Halim Ibrahim, Sajonz, Bastian, Wiest, Christoph, Pereira, Joana B., Herz, Damian M., Dold, Matthias R., Bange, Manuel, Ciolac, Dumitru, Almeida, Viviane, Neuber, John, Mirzac, Daniela, Martín-Rodríguez, Juan Francisco, Dresel, Christian, Muthuraman, Muthuraman, Adarmes Gómez, A. D., Navas, Marta, Temiz, Gizem, Gunduz, Aysegul, Rotaru, Lilia, Winter, Yaroslav, Schuurman, Rick, Contarino, Maria Fiorella, Glaser, Martin, Tangermann, Michael, Leentjens, Albert F. G., Mir, Pablo, Torres Diaz, Cristina V., Karachi, Carine, Linden, David E. J., Tan, Huiling, Coenen, Volker A., EuroDBS, German Research Foundation, Abbott Fund, Martín-Rodríguez, Juan Francisco [0000-0003-1392-8775], Adarmes Gómez, A. D. [0000-0002-1337-9289], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Groppa, Sergiu, González-Escamilla, Gabriel, Tinkhauser, Gerd, Baqapuri, Halim Ibrahim, Sajonz, Bastian, Wiest, Christoph, Pereira, Joana B., Herz, Damian M., Dold, Matthias R., Bange, Manuel, Ciolac, Dumitru, Almeida, Viviane, Neuber, John, Mirzac, Daniela, Martín-Rodríguez, Juan Francisco, Dresel, Christian, Muthuraman, Muthuraman, Adarmes Gómez, A. D., Navas, Marta, Temiz, Gizem, Gunduz, Aysegul, Rotaru, Lilia, Winter, Yaroslav, Schuurman, Rick, Contarino, Maria Fiorella, Glaser, Martin, Tangermann, Michael, Leentjens, Albert F. G., Mir, Pablo, Torres Diaz, Cristina V., Karachi, Carine, Linden, David E. J., Tan, Huiling, Coenen, Volker A., and EuroDBS

Abstract

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly efficient, evidence-based therapy to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, which is also being applied in several psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression, when they are otherwise resistant to therapy. Summary: At present, DBS is clinically applied in the so-called open-loop approach, with fixed stimulation parameters, irrespective of the patients’ clinical state(s). This approach ignores the brain states or feedback from the central nervous system or peripheral recordings, thus potentially limiting its efficacy and inducing side effects by stimulation of the targeted networks below or above the therapeutic level. Key Messages: The currently emerging closed-loop (CL) approaches are designed to adapt stimulation parameters to the electrophysiological surrogates of disease symptoms and states. CL-DBS paves the way for adaptive personalized DBS protocols. This review elaborates on the perspectives of the CL technology and discusses its opportunities as well as its potential pitfalls for both clinical and research use in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Published
2024

6. Lessons from multitarget neurostimulation in isolated dystonia: Less is more?

Author

Cuartero, Marie-Charlotte, primary, Grabli, David, additional, Flamand-Roze, Emmanuel, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Rouaud, Tiphaine, additional, Derkinderen, Pascal, additional, Damier, Philippe, additional, Raoul, Sylvie, additional, Krack, Paul, additional, Moro, Elena, additional, Fraix, Valérie, additional, Chabardès, Stéphan, additional, Burbaud, Pierre, additional, Guehl, Dominique, additional, Cuny, Emmanuel, additional, Pinto, Serge, additional, and Vidailhet, Marie, additional

Published
2024
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7. A single case report of STN-DBS for severe crack-cocaine dependence: double-blind ON vs. SHAM randomized controlled assessment

Author

Vorspan, Florence, primary, Domenech, Philippe, additional, Grabli, David, additional, Yelnik, Jérôme, additional, Delavest, Marine, additional, Dauré, Charles, additional, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Pelissolo, Antoine, additional, Belaid, Hayat, additional, Baunez, Christelle, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, and Mallet, Luc, additional

Published
2023
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8. Anatomical characterisation of three different psychosurgical targets in the subthalamic area : from the basal ganglia to the limbic system

Author

Santin, Marie des Neiges, Tempier, Nicolas, Belaid, Hayat, Zenoni, Matthieu, Dumas, Sylvie, Wallén-Mackenzie, Åsa, Bardinet, Eric, Destrieux, Christophe, Francois, Chantal, Karachi, Carine, Santin, Marie des Neiges, Tempier, Nicolas, Belaid, Hayat, Zenoni, Matthieu, Dumas, Sylvie, Wallén-Mackenzie, Åsa, Bardinet, Eric, Destrieux, Christophe, Francois, Chantal, and Karachi, Carine

Abstract

Effective neural stimulation for the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders needs accurate characterisation of surgical targets. This is especially true for the medial subthalamic region (MSR) which contains three targets: the anteromedial STN for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) for depression and OCD, and the "Sano triangle" for pathological aggressiveness. Blocks containing the subthalamic area were obtained from two human brains. After obtaining 11.7-Tesla MRI, blocks were cut in regular sections for immunohistochemistry. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation was performed on the macaque MSR. Electron microscopic observation for synaptic specialisation was performed on human and macaque subthalamic fresh samples. Images of human brain sections were reconstructed in a cryoblock which was registered on the MRI and histological slices were then registered. The STN contains glutamatergic and fewer GABAergic neurons and has no strict boundary with the adjacent MSR. The anteromedial STN has abundant dopaminergic and serotoninergic innervation with very sparse dopaminergic neurons. The MFB is composed of dense anterior dopaminergic and posterior serotoninergic fibres, and fewer cholinergic and glutamatergic fibres. Medially, the Sano triangle presumably contains orexinergic terminals from the hypothalamus, and neurons with strong nuclear oestrogen receptor-alpha staining with a decreased anteroposterior and mediolateral gradient of staining. These findings provide new insight regarding MSR cells and their fibre specialisation, forming a transition zone between the basal ganglia and the limbic systems. Our 3D reconstruction enabled us to visualize the main histological features of the three targets which should enable better targeting and understanding of neuromodulatory stimulation results in severe psychiatric conditions.

Published
2023
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10. PATH-16. THRESHOLDS OF MITOTIC ACTIVITY AND POST-SURGERY RESIDUAL VOLUME ARE INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN ASTROCYTOMA IDH-MUTANT

Author

Tran, Suzanne, primary, Thomas, Alice, additional, Touat, Mehdi, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Dehais, Caroline, additional, Feuvret, Loïc, additional, Mokhtari, Karima, additional, Sanson, Marc, additional, Idbaih, Ahmed, additional, Carpentier, Alexandre, additional, Hoang-Xuan, Khê, additional, Capelle, Laurent, additional, and Bielle, Franck, additional

Published
2022
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13. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part IV: deep brain stimulation

Author

Szejko, Natalia, Worbe, Yulia, Hartmann, Andreas, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Ackermans, Linda, Ganos, Christos, Porta, Mauro, Leentjens, Albert F. G., Mehrkens, Jan-Hinnerk, Huys, Daniel, Baldermann, Juan Carlos, Kuhn, Jens, Karachi, Carine, Delorme, Cecile, Foltynie, Thomas, Cavanna, Andrea E., Cath, Danielle, Mueller-Vahl, Kirsten, Szejko, Natalia, Worbe, Yulia, Hartmann, Andreas, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Ackermans, Linda, Ganos, Christos, Porta, Mauro, Leentjens, Albert F. G., Mehrkens, Jan-Hinnerk, Huys, Daniel, Baldermann, Juan Carlos, Kuhn, Jens, Karachi, Carine, Delorme, Cecile, Foltynie, Thomas, Cavanna, Andrea E., Cath, Danielle, and Mueller-Vahl, Kirsten

Abstract

In 2011 the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) published its first European clinical guidelines for the treatment of Tourette Syndrome (TS) with part IV on deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we present a revised version of these guidelines with updated recommendations based on the current literature covering the last decade as well as a survey among ESSTS experts. Currently, data from the International Tourette DBS Registry and Database, two meta-analyses, and eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are available. Interpretation of outcomes is limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Compared to open uncontrolled case studies, RCTs report less favorable outcomes with conflicting results. This could be related to several different aspects including methodological issues, but also substantial placebo effects. These guidelines, therefore, not only present currently available data from open and controlled studies, but also include expert knowledge. Although the overall database has increased in size since 2011, definite conclusions regarding the efficacy and tolerability of DBS in TS are still open to debate. Therefore, we continue to consider DBS for TS as an experimental treatment that should be used only in carefully selected, severely affected and otherwise treatment-resistant patients.

Published
2022

17. Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

Author

Hermine, Olivier, Mariette, Xavier, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Porcher, Raphaël, Ravaud, Philippe, Bureau, Serge, Dougados, Maxime, Tibi, Annick, Azoulay, Elie, Cadranel, Jacques, Emmerich, Joseph, Fartoukh, Muriel, Guidet, Bertrand, Humbert, Marc, Lacombe, Karine, Mahevas, Matthieu, Pene, Frédéric, Pourchet-Martinez, Valérie, Schlemmer, Frédéric, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Baron, Gabriel, Perrodeau, Elodie, Vanhoye, Damien, Kedzia, Cécile, Demerville, Lauren, Gysembergh-Houal, Anne, Bourgoin, Alexandre, Dalibey, Sarah, Raked, Nabil, Mameri, Lakhdar, Alary, Stéphanie, Hamiria, Samir, Bariz, Thinhinane, Semri, Hala, Hai, Dhiaa Meriem, Benafla, Moustafa, Belloul, Mohamed, Vauboin, Pernelle, Flamand, Saskia, Pacheco, Claire, Walter-Petrich, Anouk, Stan, Emilia, Benarab, Souad, Nyanou, Corine, Montlahuc, Claire, Biard, Lucie, Charreteur, Robin, Dupré, Celine, Cardet, Kévin, Lehmann, Blandine, Baghli, Kamyl, Madeleine, Claire, DOrtenzio, Eric, Puéchal, Oriane, Semaille, Caroline, Savale, Laurent, Harrois, Anatole, Figueiredo, Samy, Duranteau, Jacques, Anguel, Nadia, Monnet, Xavier, Richard, Christian, Teboul, Jean-Louis, Durand, Philippe, Tissieres, Pierre, Jevnikar, Mitja, Montani, David, Pavy, Stéphan, Noel, Nicolas, Lambotte, Olivier, Escaut, Lelia, Jauréguiberry, Stéphane, Baudry, Elodie, Verny, Christiane, Lefèvre, Edouard, Zaidan, Mohamad, Le Tiec, Clotilde Le Tiec, Verstuyft, Céline Verstuyft, Roques, Anne-Marie, Grimaldi, Lamiae, Molinari, Domitille, Leprun, Gaël, Fourreau, Alain, Cylly, Laurent, Virlouvet, Myriam, Meftali, Ramdane, Fabre, Solène, Licois, Marion, Mamoune, Asmaa, Boudali, Yacine, Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie, Senet, Patricia, Soria, Angèle, Parrot, Antoine, François, Hélène, Rozensztajn, Nathalie, Blin, Emmanuelle, Choinier, Pascaline, Camuset, Juliette, Rech, Jean-Simon, Canellas, Antony, Rolland-Debord, Camille, Lemarié, Nadège, Belaube, Nicolas, Nadal, Marine, Siguier, Martin, Petit-Hoang, Camille, Chas, Julie, Drouet, Elodie, Lemoine, Matthieu, Phibel, Audrey, Aunay, Lucie, Bertrand, Eliane, Ravato, Sylviane, Vayssettes, Marie, Adda, Anne, Wilpotte, Celine, Thibaut, Pélagie, Fillon, Julie, Debrix, Isabelle, Fellahi, Soraya, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Lefèvre, Guillaume, Fallet, Vincent, Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric, Hansmann, Yves, Andres, Emmanuel, Bayer, Sophie, Becker, Guillaume, Blanc, Frédéric, Brin, Stéphane, Castelain, Vincent, Chatelus, Emmanuel, Chatron, Eva, Collange, Olivier, Danion, François, De Blay, Frédéric, Demonsant, Eric, Diemunsch, Pierre, Diemunsch, Sophie, Felten, Renaud, Goichot, Bernard, Greigert, Valentin, Guffroy, Aurélien, Heger, Bob, Hutt, Anne, Kaeuffer, Charlotte, Kassegne, Loic, Korganow, Anne Sophie, Le Borgne, Pierrick, Lefebvre, Nicolas, Martin, Tristan, Mertes, Paul Michel, Metzger, Catherine, Meyer, Nicolas, Nisand, Gabriel, Noll, Eric, Oberlin, Mathieu, Ohlmann-Caillard, Sophie, Poindron, Vincent, Pottecher, Julien, Ruch, Yvon, Sublon, Cédric, Tayebi, Hakim, Weill, François, Mekinian, Arsène, Chopin, Dorothée, Fain, Olivier, Garnier, Marc, Krause Le Garrec, Jessica, Morgand, Marjolaine, Pacanowski, Jerome, Urbina, Tomas, Mcavoy, Chloe, Pereira, Maria, Aratus, Gladys, Berard, Laurence, Simon, Tabassome, Daguenel Nguyen, Anne, Antignac, Marie, Leplay, Céline, Arlet, Jean-Benoit, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Bellenfant, Florence, Blanchard, Anne, Buffet, Alexandre, Cholley, Bernard, Fayol, Antoine, Flamarion, Edouard, Godier, Anne, Gorget, Thomas, Hamada, Sophie-Rym, Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline, Hulot, Jean- Se´bastien, Lebeaux, David, Livrozet, Marine, Michon, Adrien, Neuschwander, Arthur, Penet, Marie-Aude, Planquette, Benjamin, Ranque, Brigitte, Sanchez, Olivier, Volle, Geoffroy, Briois, Sandrine, Cornic, Mathias, Elisee, Virginie, Jesuthasan, Denis, Djadi-Prat, Juliette, Jouany, Pauline, Junquera, Ramon, Henriques, Mickael, Kebir, Amina, Lehir, Isabelle, Meunier, Jeanne, Patin, Florence, Paquet, Vale´rie, Tre´Han, Anne, Vigna, Ve´ronique, Sabatier, Brigitte, Bergerot, Damien, Jouve, Charle`ne, Knosp, Camille, Lenoir, Olivia, Mahtal, Nassim, Resmini, Léa, Lescure, Xavier, Ghosn, Jade, Bachelard, Antoine, Bironne, Timothee, Borie, Raphael, Bounhiol, Agathe, Boussard, Catherine, Chauffier, Jeanne, Chalal, Solaya, Chalal, Lynda, Chansombat, Malikhone, Crespin, Paul, Crestani, Bruno, Daconceicao, Olivia, Deconinck, Laurene, Dieude, hilippe, Dossier, Antoine, Dubert, Marie, Ducrocq, Greggory, Fuentes, Axelle, Gervais, Anne, Gilbert, Marie, Isernia, Valentina, Ismael, Sophie, Joly, Veronique, Julia, Zelie, Lariven, Sylvie, Le Gac, Sylvie, Le Pluart, Diane, Louni, Francoise, Ndiaye, Awa, Papo, Thomas, Parisey, Marion, Phung, Bao, Pourbaix, Annabelle, Rachline, Anne, Rioux, Christophe, Sautereau, Aurelie, Steg, Gabriel, Tharini, Hassan, Valayer, Simon, Vallois, Dorothee, Vermes, Paul, Volpe, Thomas, Nguyen, Yann, Honsel, Vasco, Weiss, Emmanuel, Codorniu, Anaïs, Zarrouk, Virginie, De Lastours, Victoire, Uzzan, Matthieu, Gamany, Naura, Rahli, Roza, Louis, Zeina, Boutboul, David, Galicier, Lionel, Amara, Yaël, Archer, Gabrielle, Benattia, Amira, Bergeron, Anne, Bondeelle, Louise, De Castro, Nathalie, Clément, Melissa, Darmont, Michaël, Denis, Blandine, Dupin, Clairelyne, Feredj, Elsa, Feyeux, Delphine, Joseph, Adrien, Lengliné, Etienne, Le Guen, Pierre, Liégeon, Geoffroy, Lorillon, Gwenaël, Mabrouki, Asmaa, Mariotte, Eric, Martin De Frémont, Grégoire, Mirouse, Adrien, Molina, Jean-Michel, Peffault De Latour, Régis, Oksenhendler, Eric, Saussereau, Julien, Tazi, Abdellatif, Tudesq, Jean-Jacques, Zafrani, Lara, Brindele, Isabelle, Bugnet, Emmanuelle, Celli Lebras, Karine, Chabert, Julien, Djaghout, Lalia, Fauvaux, Catherine, Jegu, Anne Lise, Kozaliewicz, Ewa, Meunier, Martine, Tremorin, Marie-Thérèse, Davoine, Claire, Madeleine, Isabelle, Caillat-Zucman, Sophie, Delaugerre, Constance, Morin, Florence, Sene, Damien, Burlacu, Ruxandra, Chousterman, Benjamin, Megarbane, Bruno, Richette, Pascal, Riveline, Jean-Pierre, Frazier, Aline, Vicaut, Eric, Berton, Laure, Hadjam, Tassadit, Vasquez-Ibarra, Miguel Alejandro, Jourdaine, Clément, Jacob, Aude, Smati, Julie, Renaud, Stéphane, Manivet, Philippe, Pernin, Claire, Suarez, Lydia, Semerano, Luca, Abad, Sebastien, Benainous, Ruben, Bloch Queyrat, Coralie, Bonnet, Nicolas, Brahmi, Sabrina, Cailhol, johann, Cohen, Yves, Comparon, Celine, Cordel, Hugues, Dhote, Robin, Dournon, Nathalie, Duchemann, Boris, Ebstein, Nathan, Giroux-Leprieur, Benedicte, Goupil De Bouille, Jeanne, Jacolot, Anne, Nunes, Hilario, Oziel, Johanna, Rathouin, Vanessa, Rigal, Marthe, Roulot, Dominique, Tantet, Claire, Uzunhan, Yurdagul, Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie, Ait Hamou, Zakaria, Benghanem, Sarah, Blanche, Philippe, Canoui, Etienne, Carlier, Nicolas, Chaigne, Benjamin, Contejean, Adrien, Dunogue, Bertrand, Dupland, Pierre, Durel - Maurisse, Aurélie, Gauzit, Remy, Jaubert, Paul, Joumaa, Hassan, Jozwiak, Mathieu, Kerneis, Solen, Lachatre, Marie, Lafoeste, Hélène, Legendre, Paul, Luong Nguyen, Liem Binh, Marey, Jonathan, Morbieu, Caroline, Mouthon, Luc, Nguyen, Lee, Palmieri, Lola-Jade, Regent, Alexis, Szwebel, Tali-Anne, Terrier, Benjamin, Guerin, Corinne, Zerbit, Jérémie, Cheref, Kahina, Chitour, Kamil, Cisse, Mamadou Salif, Clarke, Ada, Clavere, Gaelle, Dusanter, Isabelle, Gaudefroy, Caroline, Jallouli, Moez, Kolta, Sami, Le Bourlout, Catherine, Marin, Nathalie, Menage, Nathalie, Moores, Alexandre, Peigney, Isabelle, Pierron, Cédric, Saleh-Mghir, Samira, Vallet, Mathilde, Michel, Marc, Melica, Giovanna, Lelievre, Jean-Daniel, Fois, Elena, Lim, Pascal, Matignon, Marie, Guillaud, Constance, Thiemele, Alaki, Schmitz, David, Bouhris, Marion, Belazouz, Syllia, Languille, Laetitia, Mekontso-Dessaps, Armand, Sadaoui, Thiziri, Mayaux, Julien, Cacoub, Patrice, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Louapre, Céline, Sambin, Sara, Mariani, Louise-Laure, Karachi, Carine, Tubach, Florence, Estellat, Candice, Gimeno, Linda, Martin, Karine, Bah, Aïcha, Keo, Vixra, Ouamri, Sabrine, Messaoudi, Yasmine, Yelles, Nessima, Faye, Pierre, Cavelot, Sébastien, Larcheveque, Cecile, Annonay, Laurence, Benhida, Jaouad, Zahrate-Ghoul, Aida, Hammal, Soumeya, Belilita, Ridha, Lecronier, Marie, Beurton, Alexandra, Haudebourg, Luc, Deleris, Robin, Le Marec, Julien, Virolle, Sara, Nemlaghi, Safaa, Bureau, Côme, Mora, Pierre, De Sarcus, Martin, Clovet, Olivier, Duceau, Baptiste, Grisot, Paul Henri, Pari, Marie hélène, Arzoine, Jérémy, Clarac, Ulrich, Faure, Morgane, Delemazure, Julie, Decavele, Maxence, Morawiec, Elise, Demoule, Alexandre, Dres, Martin, Vautier, Mathieu, Allenbach, Yves, Benveniste, Olivier, Leroux, Gaelle, Rigolet, Aude, Guillaume-Jugnot, Perrine, Domont, Fanny, Desbois, Anne Claire, Comarmond, Cloé, Champtiaux, Nicolas, Toquet, Segolene, Ghembaza, Amine, Vieira, Matheus, Maalouf, Georgina, Boleto, Gonçalo, Ferfar, Yasmina, Charbonnier, Fanny, Aguilar, Claire, Alby-Laurent, Fanny, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Bakouboula, Prissile, Broissand, Christine, Burger, Carole, Campos-Vega, Clara, Chavarot, Nathalie, Choupeaux, Laure, Elie, Caroline, Fournier, Benjamin, Granville, Sophie, Issorat, Elodie, Rouzaud, Claire, Vimpere, Damien, Geri, Guillaume, Derridj, Nawal, Sguiouar, Naima, Meddah, Hakim, Djadel, Mourad, Chambrin-Lauvray, Helene, Duclos-Vallée, Jean-Charles, Saliba, Faouzi, Sacleux, Sophie-Caroline, Koumis, Ilias, Michot, Jean-Marie, Stoclin, Annabelle, Colomba, Emeline, Pommeret, Fanny, Willekens, Chistophe, Da Silva, Rosa, Dejean, Valérie, Mekid, Yasmina, Ben-Mabrouk, Ines, Pradon, Caroline, Drouard, Laurence, Camara-Clayette, Valérie, Morel, Alexandre, Garcia, Gilles, Mohebbi, Abolfazl, Berbour, Férial, Dehais, Mélanie, Pouliquen, Anne-Lise, Klasen, Alison, Soyez-Herkert, Loren, London, Jonathan, Keroumi, Younes, Guillot, Emmanuelle, Grailles, Guillaume, El Amine, Younes, Defrancq, Fanny, Fodil, Hanane, Bouras, Chaouki, Dautel, Dominique, Gambier, Nicolas, Dieye, Thierno, Bienvenu, Boris, Lancon, Victor, Lecomte, Laurence, Beziriganyan, Kristina, Asselate, Belkacem, Allanic, Laure, Kiouris, Elena, Legros, Marie-Hélène, Lemagner, Christine, Martel, Pascal, Provitolo, Vincent, Ackermann, Félix, Le Marchand, Mathilde, Clan Hew Wai, Aurélie, Fremont, Dimitri, Coupez, Elisabeth, Adda, Mireille, Duée, Frédéric, Bernard, Lise, Gros, Antoine, Henry, Estelle, Courtin, Claire, Pattyn, Anne, Guinot, Pierre-Grégoire, Bardou, Marc, Maurer, Agnes, Jambon, Julie, Cransac, Amélie, Pernot, Corinne, Mourvillier, Bruno, Servettaz, Amélie, Deslée, Gaetan, Wynckel, Alain, Benoit, Philippe, Marquis, Eric, Roux, Damien, Gernez, Coralie, Yelnik, Cécile, Poissy, Julien, Nizard, Mandy, Denies, Fanette, Gros, Hélène, Mourad, Jean-Jacques, Sacco, Emmanuelle, Renet, Sophie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Equipe 2 : ECSTRA - Epidémiologie Clinique, STatistique, pour la Recherche en Santé (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Centre d'épidémiologie Clinique [Hôtel-Dieu], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Service de Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (DMIIC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CORIMUNO-19 Collaborative Group, Porcher, Raphaël, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), and ANR-21-COVR-0024,ACT-LONG-COVID,Caractérisation clinique et biologique du syndrome d'activation mastocytaire dans le COVID long et prédisposition génétique(2021)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal Medicine
Abstract

International audience; Importance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04331808

Published
2021
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18. Cholinergic mesencephalic neurons are involved in gait and postural disorders in Parkinson disease

Author

Karachi, Carine, Grabli, David, Bernard, Frederic A., Tande, Dominique, Wattiez, Nicolas, Belaid, Hayat, Bardinet, Eric, Prigent, Annick, Nothacker, Hans-Peter, Hunot, Stephane, Hartmann, Andreas, Lehericy, Stephane, Hirsch, Etienne C., and Francois, Chantal

Subjects
Mesencephalon -- Properties -- Physiological aspects, Neurons -- Properties -- Physiological aspects, Parkinson's disease -- Physiological aspects, Gait -- Observations -- Physiological aspects, Posture -- Observations -- Physiological aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Gait disorders and postural instability, which are commonly observed in elderly patients with Parkinson disease (PD), respond poorly to dopaminergic agents used to treat other parkinsonian symptoms. The brain structures underlying gait disorders and falls in PD and aging remain to be characterized. Using functional MRI in healthy human subjects, we have shown here that activity of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), which is composed of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the adjacent cuneiform nucleus, was modulated by the speed of imagined gait, with faster imagined gait activating a discrete cluster within the MLR. Furthermore, the presence of gait disorders in patients with PD and in aged monkeys rendered parkinsonian by MPTP intoxication correlated with loss of PPN cholinergic neurons. Bilateral lesioning of the cholinergic part of the PPN induced gait and postural deficits in nondopaminergic lesioned monkeys. Our data therefore reveal that the cholinergic neurons of the PPN play a central role in controlling gait and posture and represent a possible target for pharmacological treatment of gait disorders in PD., Introduction Gait disorders and postural instability represent a major burden in the elderly population and are commonly observed in severe and advanced forms of Parkinson disease (PD; ref. 1). While [...]

Published
2010
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24. Molecular Profiling Reclassifies Adult Astroblastoma into Known and Clinically Distinct Tumor Entities with Frequent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Alterations

Author

Boisseau, William, primary, Euskirchen, Philipp, additional, Mokhtari, Karima, additional, Dehais, Caroline, additional, Touat, Mehdi, additional, Hoang-Xuan, Khê, additional, Sanson, Marc, additional, Capelle, Laurent, additional, Nouet, Aurélien, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Bielle, Franck, additional, Guégan, Justine, additional, Marie, Yannick, additional, Martin-Duverneuil, Nadine, additional, Taillandier, Luc, additional, Rousseau, Audrey, additional, Delattre, Jean-Yves, additional, and Idbaih, Ahmed, additional

Published
2019
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25. Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome : The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry

Author

Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel, Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi, Leckman, James Frederick, Porta, Mauro, Servello, Domenico, Meng, Fan-Gang, Kuhn, Jens, Huys, Daniel, Baldermann, Juan Carlos, Foltynie, Thomas, Hariz, Marwan I., Joyce, Eileen M., Zrinzo, Ludvic, Kefalopoulou, Zinovia, Silburn, Peter, Coyne, Terry, Mogilner, Alon Y., Pourfar, Michael H., Khandhar, Suketu M., Auyeung, Man, Ostrem, Jill Louise, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Welter, Marie-Laure, Mallet, Luc, Karachi, Carine, Houeto, Jean Luc, Klassen, Bryan Timothy, Ackermans, Linda, Kaido, Takanobu, Temel, Yasin, Gross, Robert E., Walker, Harrison C., Lozano, Andres M., Walter, Benjamin L., Mari, Zoltan, Anderson, William S., Changizi, Barbara Kelly, Moro, Elena, Zauber, Sarah Elizabeth, Schrock, Lauren E., Zhang, Jian-Guo, Hu, Wei, Rizer, Kyle, Monari, Erin H., Foote, Kelly D., Malaty, Irene A., Deeb, Wissam, Gunduz, Aysegul, Okun, Michael S., Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel, Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi, Leckman, James Frederick, Porta, Mauro, Servello, Domenico, Meng, Fan-Gang, Kuhn, Jens, Huys, Daniel, Baldermann, Juan Carlos, Foltynie, Thomas, Hariz, Marwan I., Joyce, Eileen M., Zrinzo, Ludvic, Kefalopoulou, Zinovia, Silburn, Peter, Coyne, Terry, Mogilner, Alon Y., Pourfar, Michael H., Khandhar, Suketu M., Auyeung, Man, Ostrem, Jill Louise, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Welter, Marie-Laure, Mallet, Luc, Karachi, Carine, Houeto, Jean Luc, Klassen, Bryan Timothy, Ackermans, Linda, Kaido, Takanobu, Temel, Yasin, Gross, Robert E., Walker, Harrison C., Lozano, Andres M., Walter, Benjamin L., Mari, Zoltan, Anderson, William S., Changizi, Barbara Kelly, Moro, Elena, Zauber, Sarah Elizabeth, Schrock, Lauren E., Zhang, Jian-Guo, Hu, Wei, Rizer, Kyle, Monari, Erin H., Foote, Kelly D., Malaty, Irene A., Deeb, Wissam, Gunduz, Aysegul, and Okun, Michael S.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Collective evidence has strongly suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for Tourette syndrome. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in a multinational cohort of patients with Tourette syndrome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry included 185 patients with medically refractory Tourette syndrome who underwent DBS implantation from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 31 institutions in 10 countries worldwide. EXPOSURES Patients with medically refractory symptoms received DBS implantation in the centromedian thalamic region (93 of 163 [57.1%]), the anterior globus pallidus internus (41 of 163 [25.2%]), the posterior globus pallidus internus (25 of 163 [15.3%]), and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (4 of 163 [2.5%]). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Scores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and adverse events. RESULTS The International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry enrolled 185 patients (of 171 with available data, 37 females and 134 males; mean [SD] age at surgery, 29.1 [10.8] years [range, 13-58 years]). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were present in 97 of 151 patients (64.2%) and 32 of 148 (21.6%) had a history of self-injurious behavior. The mean (SD) total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score improved from 75.01 (18.36) at baseline to 41.19 (20.00) at 1 year after DBS implantation (P<.001). The mean (SD) motor tic subscore improved from 21.00 (3.72) at baseline to 12.91 (5.78) after 1 year (P <.001), and the mean (SD) phonic tic subscore improved from 16.82 (6.56) at baseline to 9.63 (6.99) at 1 year (P <.001). The overall adverse event rate was 35.4%(56 of 158 patients), with intracranial hemorrhage occurring in 2 patients (1.3%), infection in 4 patients with 5 events (3.2%), and lead explantation in 1 patient (0.6%). The most common stimulation-induced adverse effects were dysarthria (10 [6.3%, En rättelse har publicerats: / A correction has been published:Error in abstract. (2018). JAMA Neurology, 75(3), 384-384. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0060

Published
2018
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26. Tackling psychosocial maladjustment in Parkinson’s disease patients following subthalamic deep-brain stimulation: A randomised clinical trial

Author

Flores Alves Dos Santos, Joao, primary, Tezenas du Montcel, Sophie, additional, Gargiulo, Marcella, additional, Behar, Cecile, additional, Montel, Sébastien, additional, Hergueta, Thierry, additional, Navarro, Soledad, additional, Belaid, Hayat, additional, Cloitre, Pauline, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Mallet, Luc, additional, and Welter, Marie-Laure, additional

Published
2017
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27. In vivo Exploration of the Connectivity between the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Globus Pallidus in the Human Brain Using Multi-Fiber Tractography

Author

Pujol, Sonia, primary, Cabeen, Ryan, additional, Sébille, Sophie B., additional, Yelnik, Jérôme, additional, François, Chantal, additional, Fernandez Vidal, Sara, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Zhao, Yulong, additional, Cosgrove, G. Reese, additional, Jannin, Pierre, additional, Kikinis, Ron, additional, and Bardinet, Eric, additional

Published
2017
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28. The International Deep Brain Stimulation Registry and Database for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: How Does It Work?

Author

Deeb, Wissam, Rossi, Peter J., Porta, Mauro, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Servello, Domenico, Silburn, Peter, Coyne, Terry, Leckman, James F., Foltynie, Thomas, Hariz, Marwan, Joyce, Eileen M., Zrinzo, Ludvic, Kefalopoulou, Zinovia, Welter, Marie-Laure, Karachi, Carine, Mallet, Luc, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Shahed-Jimenez, Joohi, Meng, Fan-Gang, Klassen, Bryan T., Mogilner, Alon Y., Pourfar, Michael H., Kuhn, Jens, Ackermans, L., Kaido, Takanobu, Temel, Yasin, Gross, Robert E., Walker, Harrison C., Lozano, Andres M., Khandhar, Suketu M., Walter, Benjamin L., Walter, Ellen, Mari, Zoltan, Changizi, Barbara K., Moro, Elena, Baldermann, Juan C., Huys, Daniel, Zauber, S. Elizabeth, Schrock, Lauren E., Zhang, Jian-Guo, Hu, Wei, Foote, Kelly D., Rizer, Kyle, Mink, Jonathan W., Woods, Douglas W., Gunduz, Aysegul, Okun, Michael S., Deeb, Wissam, Rossi, Peter J., Porta, Mauro, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, Servello, Domenico, Silburn, Peter, Coyne, Terry, Leckman, James F., Foltynie, Thomas, Hariz, Marwan, Joyce, Eileen M., Zrinzo, Ludvic, Kefalopoulou, Zinovia, Welter, Marie-Laure, Karachi, Carine, Mallet, Luc, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Shahed-Jimenez, Joohi, Meng, Fan-Gang, Klassen, Bryan T., Mogilner, Alon Y., Pourfar, Michael H., Kuhn, Jens, Ackermans, L., Kaido, Takanobu, Temel, Yasin, Gross, Robert E., Walker, Harrison C., Lozano, Andres M., Khandhar, Suketu M., Walter, Benjamin L., Walter, Ellen, Mari, Zoltan, Changizi, Barbara K., Moro, Elena, Baldermann, Juan C., Huys, Daniel, Zauber, S. Elizabeth, Schrock, Lauren E., Zhang, Jian-Guo, Hu, Wei, Foote, Kelly D., Rizer, Kyle, Mink, Jonathan W., Woods, Douglas W., Gunduz, Aysegul, and Okun, Michael S.

Abstract

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by a combination of motor and vocal tics. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), already widely utilized for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, is an emerging therapy for select and severe cases of TS that are resistant to medication and behavioral therapy. Over the last two decades, DBS has been used experimentally to manage severe TS cases. The results of case reports and small case series have been variable but in general positive. The reported interventions have, however, been variable, and there remain non-standardized selection criteria, various brain targets, differences in hardware, as well as variability in the programming parameters utilized. DBS centers perform only a handful of TS DBS cases each year, making large-scale outcomes difficult to study and to interpret. These limitations, coupled with the variable effect of surgery, and the overall small numbers of TS patients with DBS worldwide, have delayed regulatory agency approval (e.g., FDA and equivalent agencies around the world). The Tourette Association of America, in response to the worldwide need for a more organized and collaborative effort, launched an international TS DBS registry and database. The main goal of the project has been to share data, uncover best practices, improve outcomes, and to provide critical information to regulatory agencies. The international registry and database has improved the communication and collaboration among TS DBS centers worldwide. In this paper we will review some of the key operation details for the international TS DBS database and registry.

Published
2016

29. The International Deep Brain Stimulation Registry and Database for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: How Does It Work?

Author

Deeb, Wissam, primary, Rossi, Peter J., additional, Porta, Mauro, additional, Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle, additional, Servello, Domenico, additional, Silburn, Peter, additional, Coyne, Terry, additional, Leckman, James F., additional, Foltynie, Thomas, additional, Hariz, Marwan, additional, Joyce, Eileen M., additional, Zrinzo, Ludvic, additional, Kefalopoulou, Zinovia, additional, Welter, Marie-Laure, additional, Karachi, Carine, additional, Mallet, Luc, additional, Houeto, Jean-Luc, additional, Shahed-Jimenez, Joohi, additional, Meng, Fan-Gang, additional, Klassen, Bryan T., additional, Mogilner, Alon Y., additional, Pourfar, Michael H., additional, Kuhn, Jens, additional, Ackermans, L., additional, Kaido, Takanobu, additional, Temel, Yasin, additional, Gross, Robert E., additional, Walker, Harrison C., additional, Lozano, Andres M., additional, Khandhar, Suketu M., additional, Walter, Benjamin L., additional, Walter, Ellen, additional, Mari, Zoltan, additional, Changizi, Barbara K., additional, Moro, Elena, additional, Baldermann, Juan C., additional, Huys, Daniel, additional, Zauber, S. Elizabeth, additional, Schrock, Lauren E., additional, Zhang, Jian-Guo, additional, Hu, Wei, additional, Foote, Kelly D., additional, Rizer, Kyle, additional, Mink, Jonathan W., additional, Woods, Douglas W., additional, Gunduz, Aysegul, additional, and Okun, Michael S., additional

Published
2016
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30. Normal and pathological gait: what we learn from Parkinson’s disease

Author

Grabli, David, Karachi, Carine, Welter, Marie-Laure, Lau, Brian, Hirsch, Etienne C., Vidailhet, Marie, and François, Chantal

Subjects
Cerebral Cortex, Serotonin, Epinephrine, Deep Brain Stimulation, Dopamine, Parkinson Disease, Article, Cerebellum, Humans, Accidental Falls, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Gait, Postural Balance, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Brain Stem
Abstract

Gait and balance disorders, characterized by freezing of gait and postural instability, represent a major therapeutic challenge in Parkinson’s disease (PD). These symptoms respond poorly to dopaminergic treatments, except in the early phase of the disease. Currently, no other pharmacological treatment is particularly efficient. Furthermore, high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus is not a therapeutic option and rehabilitation appears to be the most effective approach. Since these gait and balance deficits are resistant to dopaminergic drugs, their occurrence could be related to the development of extra-dopaminergic lesions in PD patients. We provide a comprehensive description of the clinical features of gait and balance disorders in PD. We also highlight the brain networks involved in gait and balance control in animals and humans with a particular focus on the relevant structures in the context of PD, such as the mesencephalic locomotor region. We also review other neuronal systems that may be involved in the physiopathology of gait and balance disorders in PD (noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems, cerebellum and cortex). In addition, we review recent evidence regarding functional neurosurgery for gait disorders in PD and propose new directions for future therapeutic research.

Published
2012

33. Does unilateral basal ganglia activity functionally influence the contralateral side? What we can learn from STN stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease

Author

Brun, Yohann, primary, Karachi, Carine, additional, Fernandez-Vidal, Sara, additional, Jodoin, Nicolas, additional, Grabli, David, additional, Bardinet, Eric, additional, Mallet, Luc, additional, Agid, Yves, additional, Yelnik, Jerome, additional, and Welter, Marie-Laure, additional

Published
2012
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34. The integrative role of the pedunculopontine nucleus in human gait.

Author

Brian Lau, Welter, Marie-Laure, Belaid, Hayat, Vidal, Sara Fernandez, Bardinet, Eric, Grabli, David, and Karachi, Carine

Subjects
BRAIN stem, GAIT in humans, BRAIN stimulation, GAIT disorder treatment, POPULATION aging, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

The brainstem pedunculopontine nucleus has a likely, although unclear, role in gait control, and is a potential deep brain stimulation target for treating resistant gait disorders. These disorders are a major therapeutic challenge for the ageing population, especially in Parkinson's disease where gait and balance disorders can become resistant to both dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Here, we present electrophysiological evidence that the pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei are involved in distinct aspects of gait using a locomotor imagery task in 14 patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing surgery for the implantation of pedunculopontine or subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation electrodes. We performed electrophysiological recordings in two phases, once during surgery, and again several days after surgery in a subset of patients. The majority of pedunculopontine nucleus neurons (57%) recorded intrasurgically exhibited changes in activity related to different task components, with 29% modulated during visual stimulation, 41% modulated during voluntary hand movement, and 49% modulated during imaginary gait. Pedunculopontine nucleus local field potentials recorded post-surgically were modulated in the beta and gamma bands during visual and motor events, and we observed alpha and beta band synchronization that was sustained for the duration of imaginary gait and spatially localized within the pedunculopontine nucleus. In contrast, significantly fewer subthalamic nucleus neurons (27%) recorded intrasurgically were modulated during the locomotor imagery, with most increasing or decreasing activity phasically during the hand movement that initiated or terminated imaginary gait. Our data support the hypothesis that the pedunculopontine nucleus influences gait control in manners extending beyond simply driving pattern generation. In contrast, the subthalamic nucleus seems to control movement execution that is not likely to be gait-specific. These data highlight the crucial role of these two nuclei in motor control and shed light on the complex functions of the lateral mesencephalus in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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35. In vivo Exploration of the Connectivity between the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Globus Pallidus in the Human Brain Using Multi-Fiber Tractography

Author

Pujol, Sonia, Cabeen, Ryan, Sébille, Sophie B., Yelnik, Jérôme, François, Chantal, Fernandez Vidal, Sara, Karachi, Carine, Zhao, Yulong, Cosgrove, G. Rees, Jannin, Pierre, Kikinis, Ron, and Bardinet, Eric

Subjects
diffusion MRI, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, multi-fiber tractography, deep brain stimulation, human neuroanatomy
Abstract

The basal ganglia is part of a complex system of neuronal circuits that play a key role in the integration and execution of motor, cognitive and emotional function in the human brain. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder of the motor circuit characterized by tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus pars interna provides an efficient treatment to reduce symptoms and levodopa-induced side effects in Parkinson’s disease patients. While the underlying mechanism of action of DBS is still unknown, the potential modulation of white matter tracts connecting the surgical targets has become an active area of research. With the introduction of advanced diffusion MRI acquisition sequences and sophisticated post-processing techniques, the architecture of the human brain white matter can be explored in vivo. The goal of this study is to investigate the white matter connectivity between the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus. Two multi-fiber tractography methods were used to reconstruct pallido-subthalamic, subthalamo-pallidal and pyramidal fibers in five healthy subjects datasets of the Human Connectome Project. The anatomical accuracy of the tracts was assessed by four judges with expertise in neuroanatomy, functional neurosurgery, and diffusion MRI. The variability among subjects was evaluated based on the fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of the tracts. Both multi-fiber approaches enabled the detection of complex fiber architecture in the basal ganglia. The qualitative evaluation by experts showed that the identified tracts were in agreement with the expected anatomy. Tract-derived measurements demonstrated relatively low variability among subjects. False-negative tracts demonstrated the current limitations of both methods for clinical decision-making. Multi-fiber tractography methods combined with state-of-the-art diffusion MRI data have the potential to help identify white matter tracts connecting DBS targets in functional neurosurgery intervention.

Published
2017
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36. Sleep Disorders in Parkinsonian Macaques: Effects of L-Dopa Treatment and Pedunculopontine Nucleus Lesion.

Author

Belaid, Hayat, Adrien, Joëlle, Laffrat, Elodie, Tandé, Dominique, Karachi, Carine, Grabli, David, Arnulf, Isabelle, Clark, Stewart D., Drouot, Xavier, Hirsch, Etienne C., and Francois, Chantal

Subjects
SLEEP disorders treatment, PARKINSON'S disease patients, DOPAMINERGIC neurons, ANIMAL models in research, DOPA, RAPID eye movement sleep, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) display significant sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness. Dopaminergic treatment dramatically improves PD motor symptoms, but its action on sleep remains controversial, suggesting a causal role of nondopaminergic lesions in these symptoms. Because the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) regulates sleep and arousal, and in view of the loss of its cholinergic neurons in PD, the PPN could be involved in these sleep disorders. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to characterize sleep disorders in a monkey model of PD; (2) to investigate whether L-dopa treatment alleviates sleep disorders; and (3) to determine whether a cholinergic PPN lesion would add specific sleep alterations. To this end, long-term continuous electroencephalographs monitoring of vigilance states was performed in macaques, using an implanted miniaturized telemetry device. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment induced sleep disorders that comprised sleep episodes during daytime and sleep fragmentation and a reduction of sleep efficiency at nighttime. It also induced a reduction in time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep and an increase in muscle tone during REM and non-REM sleep episodes and in the number of awakenings and movements. L-Dopa treatment resulted in a partial but significant improvement of almost all sleep parameters. PPN lesion induced a transient decrease in REM sleep and in slow-wave sleep followed by a slight improvement of sleep quality. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of L-dopa treatment in improving sleep disorders in parkinsonian monkeys, and that adding a cholinergic PPN lesion improves sleep quality after transient sleep impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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37. Gait Disorders in Parkinsonian Monkeys with Pedunculopontine Nucleus Lesions: A Tale of Two Systems.

Author

Grabli, David, Karachi, Carine, Folgoas, Emmanuelle, Monfort, Morgane, Tande, Dominique, Clark, Stewart, Civelli, Olivier, Hirsch, Etienne C., and François, Chantai

Subjects
*PARKINSON'S disease, *GAIT disorders, *DOPAMINE, *DOPAMINERGIC neurons, *TISSUE wounds, *HISTOLOGY
Abstract

Gait and balance disorders unresponsive to dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease (PD) are secondary to lesions located outside the dopaminergic system. However, available animal models of PD fail to display L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-responsive parkin-sonism and drug-resistant gait and balance disorders, and this lack of appropriate model could account for the deficit of efficient treatments. Because the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) plays an important role in locomotion control, we conducted the present study to investigate the consequences of combined dopaminergic and PPN lesions in a same animal. We used macaques that received first l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication to render them parkinsonian and then local stereotaxic lesion of the PPN. Adding bilateral PPN lesions in MPTP-lesioned macaques induced dopamine-resistant gait and balance disorders but unexpectedly improved hypokinesia. Additional MPTP injections resulted in the association of a severe DOPA-responsive parkinsonism together with DOPA-unresponsive gait disorders. Histological examination assessed a severe dopaminergic degeneration and a significant loss of PPN cholinergic neurons. We observed similar results in aged monkeys intoxicated with MPTP: they developed severe DOPA-responsive hypokinesia and tremor together with unresponsive gait and balance disorders and displayed dopaminergic lesion and a weak but significant cholinergic PPN lesion. Our results highlight the complex role of the cholinergic PPN neurons in the pathophysiology of PD because its lesion induces a dual effect with an improvement ofhypokinesia contrasting with a worsening of DOPA-unresponsive gait and balance disorders. Thus, we obtained a primate model of PD that could be useful to test symptomatic treatments for these heavily disabling symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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38. Functional Parcellation of the Lateral Mesencephalus.

Author

Karachi, Carine, André, Arthur, Bertasi, Eric, Bardinet, Eric, Lehéricy, Stéphane, and Bernard, Frédéric A.

Subjects
*BRAIN anatomy, *PREFRONTAL cortex, *LOCOMOTION, *BRAIN function localization, *CEREBELLUM, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging of the brain, *MOTOR cortex, *NEURAL circuitry
Abstract

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), which includes the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the cuneiform nucleus (CN), has been recently identified as a key structure for locomotion and gait control in mammals. However, the function and the precise anatomy of theMLRremain unclear in humans. To study the lateral mesencephalus, we used fMRI in 15 right-handed healthy volunteers performing two tasks: imagine walking in a hallway and imagine an object moving along the same hallway. Both tasks were performed at two different speeds: normal and 30% faster. We identified two distinct networks of cortical activation: one involving motor/premotor cortices and the cerebellum for the walking task and the other involving posterior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices for the object moving task. In the lateral mesencephalus, we found that two different but anatomically connected parts of theMLRwere activated during the fast condition of each task. The CN and the dorsal part of the PPN were activated during the fast imaginary walking task, whereas the ventral part of the PPN and the ventral part of the reticular formation were activated while subjects were imagining the object moving fast. Our data suggest that the lateral mesencephalus participates in different aspects of gait in humans, with the CN and dorsal PPN controlling motor aspects of locomotion and the ventral PPN being involved in integrating sensory information [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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39. High-Frequency Stimulation of the Anterior Subthalamic Nucleus Reduces Stereotyped Behaviors in Primates.

Author

Baup, Nicolas, Grabli, David, Karachi, Carine, Mounayar, Stéphanie, François, Chantal, Yelnik, Jérôme, Féger, Jean, and Tremblay, Léon

Subjects
OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder, NEUROLOGICAL disorders, BRAIN function localization, NEURAL stimulation, PRIMATE behavior
Abstract

Growing evidence shows that dysfunction of the limbic basal ganglia (BG) network is implicated in repetitive behaviors, such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS), in humans. Because deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN), which modulates the sensorimotor BG network, is beneficial in movement disorders, stimulation of the anterior, limbic STN might improve intractable behavioral disorders. We therefore evaluated the effect of anterior STN stimulation on the repetitive behaviors induced in two monkeys after bicuculline-induced dysfunction of the limbic external globus pallidus. DBS in the anterior STN dramatically reduced the stereotypies, but had no effect on the performance of a simple food retrieval task. Stimulations outside the STN were less effective in reducing the stereotypies. Electrode trajectories, reconstructed postmortem, confirmed that the effective contacts were in the anterior STN. DBS in the limbic STN might therefore provide relief from the severe stereotyped behaviors observed in OCD and TS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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40. Deep brain stimulation for severe dystonia associated with Wilson disease: A prospective multicenter meta‐analysis of an N‐of‐1 trial.

Author

Laurencin, Chloé, Poujois, Aurelia, Bonjour, Maxime, Demily, Caroline, Klinger, Hélène, Roze, Emmanuel, Leclert, Victoire, Danaila, Teodor, Langlois‐Jacques, Carole, Couchonnal, Eduardo, Woimant, France, Obadia, Mickael Alexandre, Perez, Gwennaelle, Pernon, Michaela, Blanchet, Laurianne, Broussolle, Emmanuel, Vidailhet, Marie, Kassai, Behrouz, Moro, Elena, and Karachi, Carine

Subjects
*DEEP brain stimulation, *HEPATOLENTICULAR degeneration, *GLOBUS pallidus, *SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Background and purpose Methods Results Conclusions Disabling dystonia despite optimal medical treatment is common in Wilson disease (WD). No controlled study has evaluated the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on dystonia related to WD. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of DBS on dystonia related to WD.A meta‐analysis of an N‐of‐1 prospective, randomized, double‐blind, multicenter DBS study was conducted at two French WD reference centers. Main inclusion criteria were patients with WD, stabilized for at least 6 months with significant disability due to dystonia despite optimized medical treatment. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) was targeted for bradykinetic patients with tonic dystonia, and the internal globus pallidus (GPi) was chosen for patients with hyperkinetic dystonia. Each patient underwent two periods of DBS “on” and two periods of DBS “off,” each lasting 4 months. The order of stimulation conditions was randomized. The primary outcome was the change in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure Performance (COPM‐P) and Satisfaction scores after each 4‐month period. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) severity and disability scores and Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS) scores.Between 12 May 2016 and 7 October 2022, three patients were included. Two patients received bilateral GPi DBS, and one received bilateral STN DBS. There was no change of COPM‐P (p = 0.956), BFMDRS, and UWDRS scores. No serious adverse events were reported.STN or GPi DBS are ineffective on dystonia related to WD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Optimisation du ciblage des noyaux gris centraux en neurochirurgie stéréotaxique

Author

ENGELHARDT, Julien, STAR, ABES, Cuny, Emmanuel, Coudière, Yves, Karachi, Carine, and Haegelen, Claire

Subjects
Targeting, Artificial intelligence, Tremblement essentiel, Stimulation cérébrale profonde, Maladie de Parkinson, Parkinson's disease, Stéréotaxie, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Deep brain stimulation, Essential tremor, Intelligence artificielle, Ciblage, Stereotactic procedure
Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment for some forms of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and dystonia. The main step in this procedure is the targeting of the brain structure in which the current will be delivered by the implanted electrodes (target). Targets of the SCP are of the order of a millimeter, corresponding to sub-parts of basal ganglia (subthalamic nucleus - STN, globus pallidus internal - GPi, ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus - VIM) or regions around these nuclei in which pass the white fibers destined for these nuclei. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows viewing some of these nuclei, but with insufficient resolution to guide accurate implantation of electrodes to the STN and the VIM, making for some authors essential intraoperative electrophysiology. On the other hand, the anatomic target definition is controversial and the nature of the target structure varies between different centers. These elements are sources of error in targeting and can account for the lack of efficiency of the surgery, or its partial effectiveness in some patients. The objective of this work was to optimize targeting in DBS by setting a functional target and non-anatomically: for a given patient, to find the position of a target whose stimulation will lead to an excellent clinical outcome. For this, we resolved a reverse problem through statistical learning methods. The training base was formed by the position of the electrodes implanted in patients with an excellent postoperative clinical result on the one hand, and the position of anatomical structures nearby visible on an MRI at 1.5 Tesla in these same patients, on the other hand. We used three machine-learning approches: RKHS (Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space), SVR (support vector regression) as well as deep neural networks. 15 patients with an essential tremor (29 electrodes) operated with an excellent result have been included to the definition of a 'VIM' target. 18 points of reference by hemisphere have been defined in the region of the basal ganglia. The prediction model has been validated by calculating the Euclidean distance between the predicted target and the 'real' target distance, which is the center of the active contact of the implanted electrode. The validation was done according to leave-one-out cross-validation approach. We also normalized the position of active contacts and targets predicted on an average brain (MNI template) and have calculated the minimum distance between the predicted target and the VIM given by an atlas (Ewert) normalized on this template, on the one hand, and between the active contact and the VIM of this atlas on the other hand. We were able to compare the distances predicted targets - VIM and active contact - VIM. In parallel, we developed a software (OptimDBS), to visualize directly the target predicted from landmarks on the MRI of any patient to be operated on. Finally, we set up and started a multi-center prospective study to validate the "VIM" target on essential tremor. It is planned to include 22 patients in 2 years who will be operated under general anesthesia without intraoperative electrophysiology using the target developed in this work to implant the electrode., La stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) constitue un traitement chirurgical validé pour certaines formes de maladie de Parkinson, de tremblement essentiel ou de dystonies.La principale étape de cette procédure est le ciblage de la structure cérébrale dans laquelle sera délivré le courant par les électrodes implantées (cible). Les cibles de la SCP sont de l’ordre du millimètre, correspondant à des sous-parties de noyaux gris centraux (noyaux sous-thalamique – NST, globus pallidus interne – GPi, noyau ventral-intermédiaire du thalamus – VIM) ou à des régions autour de ces noyaux dans lesquelles transitent les faisceaux de fibres blanches à destination de ceux-ci. L’imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) permet de visualiser certains de ces noyaux, mais avec une résolution insuffisante pour guider avec précision l’implantation des électrodes pour ce qui est du STN et du VIM, rendant pour certains auteurs l’électrophysiologie peropératoire indispensable. D’autre part, la définition anatomique des cibles est sujette à controverses et la nature même de la structure visée varie entre les différents centres. Ces éléments constituent des sources d’erreur dans le ciblage et peuvent rendre compte de l’absence d’efficacité de la procédure, ou de son efficacité partielle, chez certains patients. L’objectif de ce travail était d’optimiser le ciblage en SCP en définissant une cible non pas anatomique mais fonctionnelle : pour un patient donné, trouver la position d’une cible dont la stimulation aboutira à un excellent résultat clinique.Pour cela, nous avons résolu un problème inverse, grâce à des méthodes d’apprentissage statistique. La base d’entrainement était constituée par la position des électrodes implantées chez des patients ayant un excellent résultat clinique post-opératoire d’une part, et la position de structures anatomiques avoisinantes visibles sur une IRM à 1,5Tesla chez ces mêmes patients, d’autre part. Trois approches d’apprentissage ont été utilisées : la régression de type RKHS, puis les SVR (support vector régression) et les réseaux de neurones (apprentissage profond). 15 patients atteints d’un tremblement essentiel (29 électrodes) opérés avec un excellent résultat ont été inclus pour la définition d’une cible « VIM ». 18 points de repères par hémisphère ont été définis dans la région des noyaux gris centraux.Les modèles de prédiction ont été validés en calculant la distance euclidienne entre la cible prédite et la cible « réelle », à savoir le centre du contact actif de l’électrode implantée. Ensembles d’apprentissage et de validation étaient partitionnés de manière itérative selon la méthode de validation croisée type leave-one-out. Nous avons également normalisé la position des contacts actifs et des cibles prédites sur un cerveau moyen (MNI template) et avons calculé la distance minimale entre la cible prédite et le VIM donné par un atlas (Ewert) normalisé sur ce template, d’une part, et entre le contact actif et le VIM de cet atlas d’autre part. Nous avons ainsi pu comparer les distance cibles prédites – VIM et contact actif – VIM.En parallèle, nous avons développé un logiciel (Optim DBS), permettant de visualiser directement la cible prédite à partir des points de repères sur l’IRM de n’importe quel patient devant être opéré.Enfin, nous avons mis en place et démarré une étude prospective multicentrique permettant de valider la cible « VIM » sur le tremblement essentiel. Il est prévu d’inclure22 patients en 2 ans et de les opérer sous anesthésie générale sans électrophysiologie peropératoire en utilisant la cible développée dans ce travail pour implanter l’électrode.

Published
2019

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