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The deployment of the front drilling rig requires a significant amount of time before and after water exploration and drainage operations. Loading advanced drilling equipment on the anchor excavator can reduce equipment deployment time and improve drilling efficiency. At present, research on anchor excavator units that integrate excavation, anchoring, and exploration mostly focuses on the structural design of equipment and the design of hydraulic control systems. There is relatively little research on the interference features between different structures. The paper analyzes the interference situation during the attitude adjustment process of the airborne drilling rig. A mathematical model for the interference between the anchor excavator and the airborne drilling rig is established based on the geometric position relationship during the attitude adjustment. The formula for calculating the maximum rotation angle is derived when the anchor excavator interferes with the airborne drilling rig. The maximum angle of interference between the anchor excavator and the airborne drilling rig is taken as the indicator. The influence of various size parameters of the anchor excavator and airborne drilling rig on the maximum angle of the airborne drilling rig in various directions is studied. The results show the following points. ① The larger the inclination angle of the anchor excavator keel, the greater the pitch adjustment angle of the airborne drilling rig. By adjusting the inclination angle of anchor excavator keel, the adjustment range of the elevation angle during the operation of the water exploration drilling rig can be effectively changed. ② The variation of the keel height has little effect on the pitch angle. The variation of the keel height does not affect the variation of the pitch angle, but has a greater impact on the pitch angle, which is proportional. The increase in the length of the keel connecting the twisted ear to the tail of the keel increases the pitch angle, but the effect on the pitch angle is not significant. To change the elevation angle, the value of the keel height can be changed firstly. To change the depression angle, the value of the length of the keel connecting the hinge to the tail of the keel can be changed firstly. ③ When the spacing between the anchor excavator keel protection plates is larger, the maximum horizontal rotation angle of the airborne drilling rig is larger. When it increases to a certain extent, the maximum horizontal rotation angle is no longer affected by the increase in spacing between the anchor excavator keel protection plates. When the distance between the keel protection plates of the anchor excavator is greater than a certain value, the larger the center distance of the support oil cylinder of the anchor excavator, the greater the maximum horizontal rotation angle of the airborne drilling rig. The influence of the spacing between the keel protection plates of the anchor excavator on the maximum horizontal rotation angle of the airborne drilling rig is greater than the center distance of the support oil cylinder of the anchor excavator. ④ When the width of the rear end of the airborne drilling bit is small, it does not affect the maximum horizontal angle. When the width of the rear end of the airborne drilling bit increases to a certain value, the larger the width of the rear end of the airborne drilling bit, the smaller the maximum horizontal angle. When the width of the rear end of the airborne drilling bit is less than a certain value, the larger the width of the front end of the airborne drilling bit, the smaller the maximum horizontal angle. The example verification results show that increasing the inclination angle of the keel, the height of the keel connecting bolts, the height of the keel, and the length of the keel connecting ear to the tail of the keel, while reducing the height difference between the upper edge of the drill bit and the connecting ear of the drill frame, and the length of the keel upper protective plate, effectively increases the maximum pitch angle of the airborne drilling rig.

Fast-charging technology is the inevitable trend for electric vehicles (EVs). Current EVs’ lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cannot provide ultrafast power input due to the capacity fading and safety hazards of graphite anode at high rates. Lithium vanadate oxide (Li3VO4) has been widely studied as fast-charging anode material due to its high capacity and stability at high rates. However, its highly safe characteristic under fast-charging has not been studied. In this study, a fast-charging anode material is synthesized by inserting Li3VO4 in Ti3C2Tx MXene framework. The morphologies of Li3VO4/Ti3C2Tx electrode after cycling at different rates were studied to analyze the dendrites growth. Electrochemical testing results demonstrate that Li3VO4/Ti3C2Tx composite displays high capacities of 151.6 mA h g−1 at 5 C and 87.8 mA h g−1 at 10 C, which are much higher than that of commercial graphite anode (51.9 mA h g−1 at 5 C and 17.0 mA h g−1 at 10 C). Moreover, Li3VO4/Ti3C2Tx electrode does not generate Li dendrite at high rates (5 and 10 C) while commercial graphite electrode grows many Li dendrites under the same conditions, demonstrating fast-charging and high safety of Li3VO4/Ti3C2Tx composite. Our work inspires promising fast-charging anode material design for LIBs.

Mitapivat, a pyruvate kinase (PK) activator, shows great potential as a sickle cell disease (SCD)- modifying therapy. Safety and efficacy of mitapivat as a long-term maintenance therapy is currently being evaluated in two open-label studies. Here we apply a comprehensive multi-omics approach to investigate the impact of activating PK on red blood cells (RBCs) from 15 SCD patients. HbSS patients were enrolled in one of the open label, extended studies (NCT04610866). Leuko-depleted RBCs obtained from fresh whole blood at baseline (visit 1, V1), prior to drug initiation and longitudinal time points over the course of the study were processed for multiomics through a stepwise extraction of metabolites, lipids and proteins. Mitapivat therapy had significant effects on the metabolome, lipidome and proteome of SCD RBCs. Mitapivat decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and improved hematologic and sickling parameters in patients with SCD. Agreement between omics measurements and clinical measurements confirmed the specificity of mitapivat on targeting late glycolysis, with glycolytic metabolites ranking as the top correlates to parameters of hemoglobin S (HbS) oxygen affinity (p50) and sickling kinetics (t50) during treatment. Mitapivat markedly reduced levels of proteins of mitochondrial origin within 2 weeks of initiation of drug treatment, with minimal changes in the reticulocyte counts. The first six months of treatment also witnessed transient elevation of lysophosphatidylcholines and oxylipins with depletion in free fatty acids, suggestive of an effect on membrane lipid remodeling. Multi-omics analysis of RBCs identified benefits for glycolysis, as well as activation of the Lands cycle.

To design an online real-time transmission tool of irst-person perspective information. This information transmission tool is designed to help medical staff monitor the patient's condition changes and respond quickly, ensuring the patient's life safety. (本研究设计一种第一视角信息在线实时传输工具, 旨在方便医务人员第一时间监测到患者的病情变化趋势并迅速做出反应, 保障患者的生命安全。)

High-performance electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials have garnered considerable interest due to their diverse applications in smart windows, optoelectronics, optical displays, military camouflage, etc. While many different EC and EFC polymers have been reported, their preparation often requires multiple steps, and their polymer molecular weights are subjected to batch variation. In this work, we prepared two triphenylamine (TPA)-based and two tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based derivatives functionalized with terminal styryl groups via direct Suzuki coupling with (4-vinylphenyl)boronic acid and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester. The two novel TPE derivatives exhibited green–yellow aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The EC and EFC properties of pre- and post-thermally treated derivatives spin-coated onto ITO–glass substrates were studied. While all four derivatives showed modest absorption changes with applied voltages up to +2.4 V, retaining a high degree of optical transparency, they exhibited obvious EFC properties with the quenching of blue to yellow fluorescence with IOFF/ON contrast ratios of up to 7.0. The findings therefore demonstrate an elegant approach to preparing optically transparent, heat-induced, cross-linkable styryl-functionalized EFC systems.

To get the best strategy of submarine underwater acoustic countermeasure against active/passive airborne sonar in normal conditions, this paper constructs the underwater acoustic environment model, sonar detection model and submarine underwater acoustic countermeasure model, proposes an airborne sonar information processing model considering acoustic contact, tracking, positioning and recognition processing, and simulates and analyzes the effectiveness of different submarine underwater acoustic countermeasure in the conditions of sonar contacting submarines. The results show that it is more effective to reduce the radiated noise than to increase the speed against the passive sonar. Submarines should adopt greater depth, minimum noise speed and shortest distance separation. If the submarine recognizes the position of the passive sonar buoy based on electronic reconnaissance or listening to the sound of sonobuoy impacting water, it can insert the bubble shell to worsen the common view condition of the passive buoy array, which avoids tracking and positioning and improves the effectiveness of countermeasures. It is the best strategy for the submarine to counter the active sonar, change the course, and release the wideband jammers and decoys at a high speed.The bubble shell can be released to worsen the sonar tracking, positioning and recognition environment while submarine fleeing, which providing conditions for the submarine to extend the distance from the sonar. The research in this paper can provide a simulation environment and decision-making reference for submarine underwater acoustic countermeasure active/passive airborne sonar.

Abstract Neuroinflammation occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The initial stage of AD is related to glial dysfunction, which contributes to impairment of Aβ clearance and disruption of synaptic connection. CEBPβ, a member of the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) family, modulates the expression of inflammation-associated genes, and its expression is elevated in brains undergoing degeneration and injured brains. However, the mechanism underlying CEBPβ-mediated chronic inflammation in AD is unclear. In this study, we observed that increases in the levels of nuclear CEBPβ facilitated the interaction of CEBPβ with the NFκB p65 subunit, increasing the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. Oral administration of nanocarrier-packaged carnosic acid (CA) reduced the aberrant activation of microglia and astrocytes and diminished mature IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 production in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. CA administration reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and ameliorated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. We observed that CA blocked the interaction of CEBPβ with NFκB p65, and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CA reduced the transcription of the NFκB target genes TNFα and IL-6. We confirmed that CA alleviated inflammatory mediator-induced neuronal degeneration and reduced Aβ secretion by inhibiting the CEBPβ-NFκB signalling pathway in vitro. Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) was used as the encapsulation agent for the CA-loaded nanocarrier to overcome the poor water solubility and enhance the brain bioavailability of CA. The CA nanoparticles (NPs) had no obvious toxicity. We demonstrated a feasible SBEβCD-based nanodelivery system targeting the brain. Our data provide experimental evidence that CA-loaded NPs are potential therapeutic agents for AD treatment.

Coating materials serve the purposes to protect, enhance and/or confer additional functionalities and properties to the underlying object surface or bulk materials. In recent years, nanotechnologies have been extensively incorporated into the functional coatings as manipulation of materials at the nanoscale can impart some unique chemical, mechanical, thermal, surface and photophysical properties that can be exploited to enhance functions required in urban built environments. In this review paper, recent research progresses of several categories of functional coatings were summarized with emphasis on their applications for green and smart buildings. These included hydrophobic coatings, hydrophilic and photocatalytic coatings, coatings for reduction in surface solar radiation as well as phase change materials (PCM) coatings. This review aims to provide a general introduction and research progress on these selected functional coating technologies, starting from the material's fabrication to its application when used in different building components.

Objective: Ultraviolet B (UVB) mainly acts on the skin epidermis, causing oxidative damage and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Jin Bai Mei Yan Prescription (JBMYP) comprises a variety of antioxidant traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of JBMYP on the oxidative damage induced by UVB in human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. Methods: HaCaT cells were divided into six groups: control group, model (UVB) group, positive (UVB + vitamin E) group, UVB + JBMYP low dose group (160 μg/mL), UVB + JBMYP mode- rate dose group (800 μg/mL), and UVB + JBMYP high dose group (1 600 μg/mL). HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB and treated with JBMYP for 24 h. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and real-time unlabeled cell function analyzer were used to assess the cell survival and proliferation rates, respectively. At the same time, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and hydroxyproline (HYP), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the model group, the survival rate of HaCaT cells in each dosage group of JBMYP was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Further, JBMYP could promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells, leading to a reduction in the contents of MDA and ROS, and increase in the contents of SOD, CAT, GSH and HYP in HaCaT cells. Conclusions: JBMYP has enhanced protective effect on oxidative damage induced by UVB in HaCaT cells.

Abstract Background Neurosurgery represents one of the most challenging and delicate of any surgical procedure. Skull base tumors in particular oftentimes present as a very technically difficult procedures in the setting of neurosurgical teaching. Virtual reality technology is one of the most promising surgical planning tools. It can perform fast three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging data sets under conditions of virtual reality (VR). Surgical simulation can more intuitively understand the anatomical relationship of the surgical area in significantly greater detail. Methods Thirty clinical undergraduates from the class of 2016 were randomly divided into two groups: the traditional teaching group and the virtual reality teaching group. After the study concluded, the teaching effectiveness was evaluated by combining basic theoretical knowledge, case analysis and questionnaire survey methods. Results Comparative analysis between both groups showed the response effect of the virtual reality teaching group was better than that of the traditional teaching group (P 0.05).The results of theoretical knowledge assessment between both groups showed that the scores of basic theory, location, adjacent structure, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and analysis, surgical methods and total scores in the VR group exceeded those in the traditional teaching group (P

To optimise the use of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer technologies in young rabbit females, superovulation was performed in New Zealand White young rabbit females at different ages and the expression mode of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was explored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro maturation (IVM) together with fertilisation (IVF) was conducted immediately after superovulation. The results showed that (1) the age factor significantly affected superovulation in young rabbit females, with 60 d as an optimal age; (2) the mRNA level of FSHR exhibited a rising trend, though it was lower at 30 to 40 d of age; (3) the maturation rate of the oocytes from 60 d old rabbits was significantly higher than in those from 50 d old rabbits; (4) the fertilisation rate of oocytes was not significantly different among rabbits 50, 60 and 70 d old.

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK, Map3k12) is an axonal protein that governs the balance between degeneration and regeneration through its downstream effectors c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated c-jun (p-c-Jun). In peripheral nerves DLK is generally inactive until induced by injury, after which it transmits signals to the nucleus via retrograde transport. Here we report that in contrast to this mode of regulation, in the uninjured adult mouse cerebellum, DLK constitutively drives nuclear p-c-Jun in cerebellar granule neurons, whereas in the forebrain, DLK is similarly expressed and active, but nuclear p-c-Jun is undetectable. When neurodegeneration results from mutant human tau in the rTg4510 mouse model, p-c-Jun then accumulates in neuronal nuclei in a DLK-dependent manner, and the extent of p-c-Jun correlates with markers of synaptic loss and gliosis. This regional difference in DLK-dependent nuclear p-c-Jun accumulation could relate to differing levels of JNK scaffolding proteins, as the cerebellum preferentially expresses JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1), whereas the forebrain contains more JIP-3 and plenty of SH3 (POSH). To characterize the functional differences between constitutive- versus injury-induced DLK signaling, RNA sequencing was performed after DLK inhibition in the cerebellum and in the non-transgenic and rTg4510 forebrain. In all contexts, DLK inhibition reduced a core set of transcripts that are associated with the JNK pathway. Non-transgenic forebrain showed almost no other transcriptional changes in response to DLK inhibition, whereas the rTg4510 forebrain and the cerebellum exhibited distinct differentially expressed gene signatures. In the cerebellum, but not the rTg4510 forebrain, pathway analysis indicated that DLK regulates insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling through the transcriptional induction of IGF1 binding protein-5 (IGFBP5), which was confirmed and found to be functionally relevant by measuring signaling through the IGF1 receptor. Together these data illuminate the complex multi-functional nature of DLK signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) and demonstrate its role in homeostasis as well as tau-mediated neurodegeneration.

The social security value of land includes four major items, namely, unemployment security, minimum living security value, old-age security value and medical security value. The non-agricultural construction land compensation substance produced in the process of social security is the land value of the market price, the farmers and urban residents, land value can be partial social security. To determine the process of land expropriation for non-agricultural construction reasonable compensation, we need to provide scientific standards. Through the calculation, Guangzhou ’ s current land compensation provide social security value of basic level, but due to the large regional land requisition compensation amount difference, the current land expropriation compensation is actually the coexistence of insufficient and transition compensation.

Purpose: Every September, millions of students--elite human resources--enter higher education in China. This large-scale college-induced migration has substantial impacts on China's national and local labor markets. This study examines the migration pattern in college choice and admission among the Hui students in China. In doing so, we extend the existing interprovincial migration model by identifying and measuring the role of traditional dietary habits in college migration decisions. Design/Approach/Methods: This study uses college entrance examination (Gaokao) admission data for 10 high school graduation cohorts from 2001 to 2010 in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. These data are used to study the interprovincial migration of the Hui students following their college entrance examination. Ordinary least squares and logit regressions are used to control for other confounding factors, while the method of instrumental variables and placebo group comparison were used to rule out other explanations. Findings: Results demonstrate that traditional dietary habits produce geographic inequalities in terms of college opportunities for Hui and other minority group students. First, after controlling for variables such as college entrance examination scores and personal characteristics, results show that the Hui students are more likely to choose an institution closer to their hometown and preferred institutions located in Ningxia and the northwestern provinces rather than the Yangtze/Pearl River Delta regions and coastal provinces. Second, this migration pattern is shaped by the dietary habits of the Hui. Third, the Hui students were more likely to choose institutions in underdeveloped areas, resulting in corresponding welfare losses. Originality/Value: This study supplements classic college choice literature by documenting a special impact factor of geography previously overlooked by researchers, demonstrating the need to examine the underlying mechanisms of proximity and its significance in college choice. Moreover, the provision of dietary information may have important policy impacts for improved college choice, as well as for human capital investment and poverty alleviation measures in Northwest China.

Abstract Background Plants have evolved a complicated resistance system and exhibit a variety of defense patterns in response to different attackers. Previous studies have shown that responses of plants to chewing insects and phloem-feeding insects are significantly different. Less is known, however, regarding molecular responses to leafminer insects. To investigate plant transcriptome response to leafminers, we selected the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis, which has a special feeding pattern more similar to pathogen damage than that of chewing insects, as a model insect, and Arabidopsis thaliana as a response plant. Results We first investigated local and systemic responses of A. thaliana to leafminer feeding using an Affymetrix ATH1 genome array. Genes related to metabolic processes and stimulus responses were highly regulated. Most systemically-induced genes formed a subset of the local response genes. We then downloaded gene expression data from online databases and used hierarchical clustering to explore relationships among gene expression patterns in A. thaliana damaged by different attackers. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that plant response patterns are strongly coupled to damage patterns of attackers.