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9. Effects of Prebiotic Dietary Fibers on the Stimulation of the Mucin Secretion in Host Cells by In Vitro Gut Microbiome Consortia.

Author

Kim, Seonghun, Kang, Ji Young, Nguyen, Quang Anh, and Lee, Jung-Sook

Subjects
SHORT-chain fatty acids, PROPIONIC acid, GUT microbiome, ACETIC acid, DIETARY fiber, BUTYRIC acid
Abstract

The gastrointestinal microbiota are important for human health. Dietary intake may modulate the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome. We examined how the breakdown of prebiotic dietary fibers by the gut microbiome affects mucin secretion by intestinal epithelial cells. Metagenomic analyses of in vitro gut microbiome consortia revealed taxonomic profiles and genetic diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes that digest polysaccharides. Two independent consortia exhibited different abilities to produce acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid via the fermentation of polysaccharides derived from dietary fibers of grains and mushrooms. Although acetic acid generally had the highest concentration, the ratios of butyric acid and propionic acid to acetic acid varied depending on the polysaccharide source. These short-chain fatty acids affected morphological differentiation and mucin secretion in HT-29 human intestinal epithelial cells. These results suggest that prebiotic dietary fibers can be digested and metabolized by the gut microbiome to short-chain fatty acids, which can affect gut epithelial cells both directly and indirectly via the modulation of the gut microbiota and their enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. PM 2.5 Induces Pyroptosis via Activation of the ROS/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Author

Kang, Ji-Young, Choi, Hyunsu, Oh, Jeong-Min, Kim, Minsu, and Lee, Dong-Chang

Subjects
CELL membrane formation, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, NF-kappa B, EPITHELIAL cells, REACTIVE oxygen species
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, is becoming a major threat to human health, particularly in terms of respiratory diseases. Pyroptosis is a recently discovered and distinct form of cell death, characterized by pore formation in the cell membrane and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines. There has been little research on the effect of PM2.5 on pyroptosis, especially in airway epithelium. We investigated whether PM2.5-related oxidative stress induces pyroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells and defined the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: After exposure of a BEAS-2B cell line to PM2.5 concentration of 20 µg/mL, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, parameters related to pyroptosis, and NF-κB signaling were measured by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: PM2.5 induced pyroptotic cell death, accompanied by LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) release and increased uptake of propidium iodide in a dose-dependent manner. PM2.5 activated the NLRP3-casp1-gasdermin D pathway, with resulting secretions of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. The pyroptosis activated by PM2.5 was alleviated significantly by NLRP3 inhibitor. In PM2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells, levels of intracellular ROS and NF-κB p65 increased. ROS scavenger inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the NF-κB inhibitor attenuated pyroptotic cell death triggered by PM2.5 exposure, indicating that the ROS/NF-κB pathway is involved in PM2.5-induced pyroptosis. Conclusions: These findings show that PM2.5 exposure can cause cell injury by NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by upregulating the ROS/NF-κB pathway in airway epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Systematic Multiomic Analysis of PKHD1L1 Gene Expression and Its Role as a Predicting Biomarker for Immune Cell Infiltration in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Author

Kang, Ji Young, Yang, Jisun, Lee, Haeryung, Park, Soochul, Gil, Minchan, and Kim, Kyung Eun

Subjects
*GENE expression, *POLYCYSTIC kidney disease, *BIOMARKERS, *GENETIC regulation, *PROGNOSIS, *PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors
Abstract

The identification of genetic factors that regulate the cancer immune microenvironment is important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression and establishing an effective treatment strategy. Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1-like protein 1 (PKHD1L1) is a large transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in immune cells; however, its association with tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed the clinical relevance of PKHD1L1 in the tumor microenvironment in multiple cancer types using various bioinformatic tools. We found that the PKHD1L1 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) than in normal tissues. The decreased expression of PKHD1L1 was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) in SKCM and LUAD. Additionally, PKHD1L1 expression was positively correlated with the levels of infiltrating B cells, cluster of differentiation (CD)-8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells could be associated with a good prognosis due to increased PKHD1L1 expression. Gene ontology (GO) analysis also revealed the relationship between PKHD1L1-co-altered genes and the activation of lymphocytes, including B and T cells. Collectively, this study shows that PKHD1L1 expression is positively correlated with a good prognosis via the induction of immune infiltration, suggesting that PKHD1L1 has potential prognostic value in SKCM and LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. The cascade of care for latent tuberculosis infection in congregate settings:a national cohort 1 analysis, Korea, 2017-18

Author

Min, Jinsoo, Kim, Hyung Woo, Stagg, Helen R, Rangaka, Molebogeng X, Lipman, Marc, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Lee, Yunhee, Myong, Jun-Pyo, Jeong, Hyunsuk, Bae, Sanghyuk, Shin, Ah Young, Kang, Ji Young, Lee, Sung-Soon, Park, Jae Seuk, Yim, Hyeon Woo, and Kim, Ju Sang

Subjects
social worker, student, latent TB infection (LTBI), preventive therapy, quality control, school teacher
Abstract

Background: In 2017, Korea implemented a nationwide project to screen and treat latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk for transmission public congregate settings. We aimed to assess programme success using a cascade of care framework.Materials and methods: We undertook a cohort study of people from three congregate settings screened between March 2017 and December 2018: (1) first-grade high school students, (2) employees of educational institutions, (3) employees of social welfare facilities. We report percentages of participants with LTBI completing each step in the cascade of care model. Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with not visiting clinics, not initiating treatment, and not completing treatment.Results: Among the 96,439 participants who had a positive interferon-gamma release assay result, the percentage visiting clinics for further assessment, to initiate treatment, and who then completed treatment were 50.7, 34.7, and 28.9%, respectively. Compared to those aged 20–34 years, individuals aged < 20 years and aged ≥ 65 years were less likely to visit clinics, though more likely to complete treatment once initiated. Using public health centres rather than private hospitals was associated with people “not initiating treatment” (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 3.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.95–3.86). Nine-month isoniazid monotherapy therapy was associated with “not completing treatment,” compared to 3-month isoniazid and rifampin therapy (aRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.16–1.41).Conclusion: Among participants with LTBI from three congregate settings, less than one third completed treatment. Age, treatment centre, and initial regimen were important determinants of losses to care through the cascade.

Published
2022

21. The cascade of care for latent tuberculosis infection in congregate settings: A national cohort analysis, Korea, 2017–2018

Author

Min, Jinsoo, primary, Kim, Hyung Woo, additional, Stagg, Helen R., additional, Rangaka, Molebogeng X., additional, Lipman, Marc, additional, Abubakar, Ibrahim, additional, Lee, Yunhee, additional, Myong, Jun-Pyo, additional, Jeong, Hyunsuk, additional, Bae, Sanghyuk, additional, Shin, Ah Young, additional, Kang, Ji Young, additional, Lee, Sung-Soon, additional, Park, Jae Seuk, additional, Yim, Hyeon Woo, additional, and Kim, Ju Sang, additional

Published
2022
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27. Additional Usefulness of Bronchoscopy in Patients with Initial Microbiologically Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Analysis of a Korean Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Oh,Jee Youn, Lee,Sung-Soon, Kim,Hyung Woo, Min,Jinsoo, Ko,Yousang, Koo,Hyeon-Kyoung, Jeong,Yun-Jeong, Kang,Hyeon Hui, Kang,Ji Young, Kim,Ju Sang, Park,Jae Seuk, Kwon,Yunhyung, Yang,Jiyeon, Han,Jiyeon, Jang,You Jin, Lee,Min Ki, Jegal,Yangjin, Kim,Young-Chul, Kim,Yun Seong, Oh,Jee Youn, Lee,Sung-Soon, Kim,Hyung Woo, Min,Jinsoo, Ko,Yousang, Koo,Hyeon-Kyoung, Jeong,Yun-Jeong, Kang,Hyeon Hui, Kang,Ji Young, Kim,Ju Sang, Park,Jae Seuk, Kwon,Yunhyung, Yang,Jiyeon, Han,Jiyeon, Jang,You Jin, Lee,Min Ki, Jegal,Yangjin, Kim,Young-Chul, and Kim,Yun Seong

Abstract

Jee Youn Oh,1 Sung-Soon Lee,2 Hyung Woo Kim,3 Jinsoo Min,4 Yousang Ko,5 Hyeon-Kyoung Koo,2 Yun-Jeong Jeong,6 Hyeon Hui Kang,7 Ji Young Kang,8 Ju Sang Kim,3 Jae Seuk Park,9 Yunhyung Kwon,10 Jiyeon Yang,10 Jiyeon Han,10 You Jin Jang,10 Min Ki Lee,11 Yangjin Jegal,12 Young-Chul Kim,13 Yun Seong Kim14 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 7Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; 8Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 9Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; 10Division of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Preventi

Published
2022

30. Additional Usefulness of Bronchoscopy in Patients with Initial Microbiologically Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Analysis of a Korean Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Oh, Jee Youn, primary, Lee, Sung-Soon, additional, Kim, Hyung Woo, additional, Min, Jinsoo, additional, Ko, Yousang, additional, Koo, Hyeon-Kyoung, additional, Jeong, Yun-Jeong, additional, Kang, Hyeon Hui, additional, Kang, Ji Young, additional, Kim, Ju Sang, additional, Park, Jae Seuk, additional, Kwon, Yunhyung, additional, Yang, Jiyeon, additional, Han, Jiyeon, additional, Jang, You Jin, additional, Lee, Min Ki, additional, Jegal, Yangjin, additional, Kim, Young-Chul, additional, and Kim, Yun Seong, additional

Published
2022
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32. Married women's employment and motherhood employment penalty by couple's educational attainments across 10 countries

Author

Kang, Ji Young, Lee, Wonjin, Ham, Sunyu, and Wang, Julia Shu-Huah

Subjects
motherhood penalty, education, ddc:330, married women's employment
Abstract

This study examines how and to what extent a couple's education is associated with married women's employment and the motherhood penalty in 10 countries. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (2013). Overall, Denmark and Norway show the highest level of married women's employment and no motherhood penalty. Our findings support the opportunity cost perspective, in general, that highly educated women are more likely to participate in work than less educated women, except in Germany, Korea, and Japan. The social capital and gender-egalitarian perspectives hold for the United States and Italy. We also find significant variation in married women's employment in East Asian countries. Married Korean women are less likely to be employed than in China and Taiwan, while Japanese women are the least employed among husband high - wife high education couples.

Published
2022

38. Early Bactericidal Activity of Delpazolid (LCB01-0371) in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author

Kim, Ju Sang, primary, Kim, Yong-hyun, additional, Lee, Sang Haak, additional, Kim, Yee Hyung, additional, Kim, Jin-woo, additional, Kang, Ji Young, additional, Kim, Sung Kyoung, additional, Kim, Seung Joon, additional, Kang, Yun-Seong, additional, Kim, Tae-hyung, additional, Mok, Jeongha, additional, Byun, Min Kwang, additional, Park, Hye Jung, additional, Joh, Joon-sung, additional, Park, Yong Bum, additional, Lim, Hyeong-Seok, additional, Choi, Hongjo, additional, Lee, Seung Heon, additional, Kim, Hyejin, additional, Yang, Jeongseong, additional, Kim, Hyunji, additional, Shen, Xianlin, additional, Alsultan, Abdullah, additional, Cho, InSook, additional, Geiter, Lawrence, additional, and Shim, Tae Sun, additional

Published
2022
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40. Increased Healthcare Delays in Tuberculosis Patients During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Min, Jinsoo, primary, Ko, Yousang, additional, Kim, Hyung Woo, additional, Koo, Hyeon-Kyoung, additional, Oh, Jee Youn, additional, Jeong, Yun-Jeong, additional, Kang, Hyeon Hui, additional, Park, Kwang Joo, additional, Hwang, Yong Il, additional, Kim, Jin Woo, additional, Ahn, Joong Hyun, additional, Jegal, Yangjin, additional, Kang, Ji Young, additional, Lee, Sung-Soon, additional, Park, Jae Seuk, additional, and Kim, Ju Sang, additional

Published
2022
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41. Latent Tuberculosis Cascade of Care Among Healthcare Workers: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis in Korea Between 2017 and 2018

Author

Min, Jinsoo, primary, Kim, Hyung Woo, additional, Choi, Joon Young, additional, Shin, Ah Young, additional, Kang, Ji Young, additional, Lee, Yunhee, additional, Myong, Jun-Pyo, additional, Jeong, Hyunsuk, additional, Bae, Sanghyuk, additional, Koo, Hyeon-Kyoung, additional, Lee, Sung-Soon, additional, Park, Jae Seuk, additional, Yim, Hyeon Woo, additional, and Kim, Ju Sang, additional

Published
2022
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