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4. Metavinculin Tunes the Flexibility and the Architecture of Vinculin-Induced Bundles of Actin Filaments.

Author

Oztug Durer, Zeynep A, McGillivary, Rebecca M, Kang, Hyeran, Elam, W Austin, Vizcarra, Christina L, Hanein, Dorit, De La Cruz, Enrique M, Reisler, Emil, and Quinlan, Margot E

Subjects
Muscle, Skeletal, Animals, Rabbits, Humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Actins, Vinculin, Protein Isoforms, Binding Sites, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Binding, Muscle Contraction, Mutation, Actin Depolymerizing Factors, Actin Cytoskeleton, actin, adhesion, metavinculin, severing, vinculin, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abstract

Vinculin is an abundant protein found at cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions. In muscles, a longer splice isoform of vinculin, metavinculin, is also expressed. The metavinculin-specific insert is part of the C-terminal tail domain, the actin-binding site of both isoforms. Mutations in the metavinculin-specific insert are linked to heart disease such as dilated cardiomyopathies. Vinculin tail domain (VT) both binds and bundles actin filaments. Metavinculin tail domain (MVT) binds actin filaments in a similar orientation but does not bundle filaments. Recently, MVT was reported to sever actin filaments. In this work, we asked how MVT influences F-actin alone or in combination with VT. Cosedimentation and limited proteolysis experiments indicated a similar actin binding affinity and mode for both VT and MVT. In real-time total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments, MVT's severing activity was negligible. Instead, we found that MVT binding caused a 2-fold reduction in F-actin's bending persistence length and increased susceptibility to breakage. Using mutagenesis and site-directed labeling with fluorescence probes, we determined that MVT alters actin interprotomer contacts and dynamics, which presumably reflect the observed changes in bending persistence length. Finally, we found that MVT decreases the density and thickness of actin filament bundles generated by VT. Altogether, our data suggest that MVT alters actin filament flexibility and tunes filament organization in the presence of VT. Both of these activities are potentially important for muscle cell function. Perhaps MVT allows the load of muscle contraction to act as a signal to reorganize actin filaments.

Published
2015

14. Predicting Long-term Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Machine Learning–Based Model Development and Validation

Author

Choi, Eun-Ji, primary, Jun, Tae Joon, additional, Park, Han-Seung, additional, Lee, Jung-Hee, additional, Lee, Kyoo-Hyung, additional, Kim, Young-Hak, additional, Lee, Young-Shin, additional, Kang, Young-Ah, additional, Jeon, Mijin, additional, Kang, Hyeran, additional, Woo, Jimin, additional, and Lee, Je-Hwan, additional

Published
2022
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41. Social status mediates the propagation of unfairness.

Author

Kang H, Kim J, Kim D, and Kim H

Abstract

Fairness constitutes a cornerstone of social norms, emphasizing equal treatment and equitable distribution in interpersonal relationships. Unfair treatment often leads to direct responses and can spread to others through a phenomenon known as pay-it-forward (PIF) reciprocity. This study examined how unfairness spreads in interactions with new partners who have higher, equal, or lower status than the participants. In the present study, participants ( N = 47, all Korean) were given either fair or unfair treatment in the first round of a dictator game. They then allocated monetary resources among partners positioned at various hierarchical levels in the second round. Our main goal was to determine if the severity of inequity inflicted on new partners was influenced by their hierarchical status. The results revealed an inclination among participants to act more generously towards partners of higher ranking despite prior instances of unfair treatment, whereas a tendency for harsher treatment was directed towards those with lower ranking. The interaction between the fairness in the first round (DG1) and the hierarchical status of the partner in the second round (DG2) was significant, indicating that the effect of previous fairness on decision-making differed depending on the ranking of the new partners. This study, therefore, validates the presence of unfairness PIF reciprocity within hierarchical contexts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kang, Kim, Kim and Kim.)

Published
2024
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