Search

Your search keyword '"Kainulainen, Heikki"' showing total 274 results
Start Over Author "Kainulainen, Heikki" Search Limiters Full Text
274 results on '"Kainulainen, Heikki"'

9. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Deprivation Decreases Lipid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes

Author

Karvinen, Sira, Fachada, Vasco, Sahinaho, Ulla-Maria, Pekkala, Satu, Lautaoja, Juulia H., Mäntyselkä, Sakari, Permi, Perttu, Hulmi, Juha J., Silvennoinen, Mika, Kainulainen, Heikki, Institute of Biotechnology, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE

Subjects
metabolic health, EXERCISE, aminohapot, METABOLISM, DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, SUPPLEMENTATION, rasva-aineenvaihdunta, in vitro exercise, ALPHA, ACTIVATION, MICE, aineenvaihduntahäiriöt, CONTRACTION, electrical pulse stimulation, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), skeletal muscle, aikuistyypin diabetes, OBESE, lihassolut, protein supplementation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract

Impaired lipid metabolism is a common risk factor underlying several metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that include valine, leucine and isoleucine have been proven to share a role in lipid metabolism and hence in maintaining metabolic health. We have previously introduced a hypothesis suggesting that BCAA degradation mechanistically connects to lipid oxidation and storage in skeletal muscle. To test our hypothesis, the present study examined the effects of BCAA deprivation and supplementation on lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and lipid droplet characteristics in murine C2C12 myotubes. In addition, the role of myotube contractions on cell metabolism was studied by utilizing in vitro skeletal-muscle-specific exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Our results showed that the deprivation of BCAAs decreased both lipid oxidation and lipogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. BCAA deprivation further diminished the number of lipid droplets in the EPS-treated myotubes. EPS decreased lipid oxidation especially when combined with high BCAA supplementation. Similar to BCAA deprivation, high BCAA supplementation also decreased lipid oxidation. The present results highlight the role of an adequate level of BCAAs in healthy lipid metabolism.

Published
2022

11. Accelerometer-Based Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Serum Metabolome in Young Men

Author

Vaara, Jani P., Kyröläinen, Heikki, Vasankari, Tommi, Kainulainen, Heikki, Raitanen, Jani, Kujala, Urho M., Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, and Health Sciences

Subjects
cardiovascular risk factors, 3141 Health care science, body composition, objective physical activity, sedentary time, sydän- ja verisuonitaudit, liikunta, 315 Sport and fitness sciences, 3121 Internal medicine, metabolomics, aineenvaihdunta, kehonkoostumus
Abstract

Physical activity (PA) has been shown to associate with many health benefits but studies with metabolome-wide associations with PA are still lacking. Metabolome studies may deepen the mechanistic understanding of PA on the metabolic pathways related to health outcomes. The aim of the present study was to study the association of accelerometer based sedentary time (SB) and PA with metabolome measures. SB and PA were measured by a hip-worn accelerometer in 314 young adult men (age: mean 28, standard deviation 7 years). Metabolome was analyzed from fasting serum samples consisting of 66 metabolome measures (nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics). The associations were analyzed using a single and compositional approach with regression analysis. The compositional analysis revealed that 4 metabolome variables were significantly (γ: 0.32–0.44, p ≤ 0.002), and 13 variables with a trend towards significance (p < 0.05), associated with SB with varying metabolic pathways. Trends towards significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed with 5 variables with moderate-to-vigorous and 1 variable with light intensity PA with varying metabolic pathways. The present study revealed possible mechanistic pathways relevant for the interaction between especially SB but also PA of moderate-to-vigorous intensity with ketone bodies and amino acid concentration related to exercised-induced energy production and lipid metabolism. publishedVersion

Published
2022

12. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Blood Bilirubin Are Gradually Activated by Oral D-Glyceric Acid

Author

Hirvonen, O. Petteri, Lehti, Maarit, Kyröläinen, Heikki, and Kainulainen, Heikki

Subjects
tulehdus, mitokondriot, veri, HO-1, HIF-1α, ROS, Parkinsonin tauti, triglyseridit, maksataudit, bilirubiini, DGA, subclinical inflammation, sairaudet, bilirubin, aineenvaihdunta, D-glyseriinihappo
Abstract

It has been shown that small doses of oral D-glyceric acid (DGA) activate mitochondrial metabolism and reduce inflammation among 50–60-year-old healthy volunteers. The present results with the same small doses reveal that after a 4-day DGA regimen, a dose of DGA activated the HO-1 pathway acutely, while enhanced inflammatory status after the 4-day DGA regimen seemed to be able to downregulate the HO-1 pathway in non-acute measurement. Blood bilirubin was strongly upregulated towards the end of the altogether 21-day study period with positive associations towards improved inflammation and reduced blood triglycerides. After the 4-day DGA regimen, hepatic inflow of blood bilirubin with albumin as the carrier was clearly upregulated in the lower-aerobic-capacity persons. At the same time also, blood triglycerides were down, pointing possibly to the activation of liver fatty acid oxidation. The combination of activated aerobic energy metabolism with transient HO-1 pathway activation and the upregulation of blood bilirubin may reduce the risks of chronic diseases, especially in aging. Furthermore, there exist certain diseases with unsatisfactorily-met medical needs, such as fatty and cholestatic liver diseases, and Parkinson’s disease, that can be possibly ameliorated with the whole-body mechanism of the action of the DGA regimen. peerReviewed

Published
2022

19. Mitochondrial physiology: Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group

Author

Gnaiger, Erich, Aasander Frostner, Eleonor, Abdul Karim, Norwahidah, Abdel-Rahman, Engy Ali, Abumrad, Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo, Dario, Adiele, Reginald C, Ahn, Bumsoo, Alencar, MB, Ali, Sameh S, Almeida, Angeles, Alton, Lesley, Alves, Marco G, Amati, Francesca, Amoedo, Nivea Dias, Amorim, Ricardo, Anderson, Ethan J, Andreadou, Ioanna, Antunes, Diana, Arago, Marc, Aral, Cenk, Arandarcikaite, Odeta, Arias-Reyes, Christian, Armand, Anne-Sophie, Arnould, Thierry, Avram, Vlad Florian, Axelrod, Christopher L, Bairam, Aida, Bailey, Damian M, Bajpeyi, Sudip, Bajzikova, Martina, Bakker, Barbara M, Barlow, Jonathan, Bardal, Tora, Banni, A, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva, Ana Carolina, Batterson, Philip, Battino, Maurizio, Bazil, Jason, Beard, Daniel A, Beleza, Jorge, Bednarczyk, Piotr, Bello, Fiona, Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Bento Guida, Jose Freitas, Bergdahl, Andreas, Berge, Rolf K, Bergmeister, Lisa, Bernardi, Paolo, Berridge, Michael V, Bettinazzi, Stefano, Bishop, David, Blier, Pierre U, Blindheim, Dan Filip, Boardman, Neoma T, Boetker, Hans Erik, Borchard, Sabine, Boros, Mihaly, Borsheim, Elisabet, Borras, Consuelo, Borutaite, Vilma, Botella, Javier, Bouillaud, Frederic, Bouitbir, Jamal, Boushel, Robert C, Bovard, Josh, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Breton, Sophie, Brown, David A, Brown, Guy C, Brown, Robert A, Brozinick, Joseph T, Buettner, Garry R, Burtscher, Johannes, Bustos, Matilde, Calabria, Elisa, Calbet, Jose A, Calzia, Enrico, Cannon, Daniel T, Cano Sanchez, Maria, Canto Alvarez, Carles, Cardinale, D, Cardoso, Luiza Helena Daltro, Carvalho, Eugenia, Casado Pinna, Marta, Cassar, Samantha, Castelo, Maria P, Castilho, Roger F, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque, Joao Paulo, Cecatto, Cristiane, Celen, Murat C, Cervinkova, Zuzana, Chabi, Beatrice, Chakrabarti, Lisa, Chakrabarti, Sasanka, Chaurasia, Bhagirath, Chen, Quan, Chicco, Adam J, Chinopoulos, Christos, Chowdhury, Subir K, Cizmarova, Beata, Clementi, Emilio, Coen, Paul M, Cohen, Bruce H, Coker, Robert H, Collin-Chenot, Anne, Coughlan, Melinda T, Coxito, Petro, Crisostomo, Luis, Crispim, Marcell, Crossland, Hannah, Dahdah, Norma, Dalgaard, Louise T, Dambrova, Maija, Danhelovska, Tereza, Darveau, Charles A, Darwin, Paula M, Das, Anibh M, Dash, Ranjan K, Davidova, Eliska, Davis, Michael S, Dayanidhi, Sudarshan, De Bem, Andreza Fabro, De Goede, Paul, De Palma, Clara, De Pinto, Vito, Dela, F, Dembinska-Kiec, Aldona, Detraux, Damien, Devaux, Yvan, Di Marcello, Marco, Di Paola, Floriana Jessica, Dias, Candida, Dias, Tania R, Diederich, Marc, Distefano, Giovanna, Djafarzadeh, Siamak, Doermann, Niklas, Doerrier, Carolina, Dong, Lan-Feng, Donnelly, Chris, Drahota, Zdenek, Duarte, Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud, Herve, Duchen, Michael R, Dumas, Jean-Francois, Durham, William J, Dymkowska, Dorota, Dyrstad, Sissel E, Dyson, Alex, Dzialowski, Edward M, Eaton, Simon, Ehinger, Johannes, Elmer, Eskil, Endlicher, Rene, Engin, Ayse B, Escames, Germaine, Evinova, Andrea, Ezrova, Zuzana, Falk, Marni Joy, Fell, David A, Ferdinandy, Peter, Ferko, Miroslav, Fernandez-Ortiz, Marisol, Erika, Fernandez-Vizarra, Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista, Ferreira, Rita, Ferri, Alessandra, Festuccia, WT, Fessel, Joshua P, Filipovska, Aleksandra, Fisar, Zdenek, Fischer, Christine, Fischer, Michael, Fisher, Gordon, Fisher, Joshua J, Fontanesi, Flavia, Forbes-Hernandez, Tamara Y, Ford, Ellen, Fornaro, Mara, Fuertes Agudo, Marina, Fulton, Montana, Galina, Antonio, Galkin, Alexander, Gallee, Leon, Galli, Gina L, Gama Perez, Pau, Gan, Zhenji, Ganetzky, Rebecca, Gao, Yun, Garcia, Geovana S, Garcia-Rivas, Gerardo, Garcia-Roves, Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza, Luiz Felipe, Garlid, Keith D, Garrabou, Gloria, Garten, Antje, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Gayen, Jiaur, Genders, Amanda J, Genova, Maria Luisa, Giampieri, Francesca, Glatz, Jan FC, Giovarelli, Matteo, Goikoetxea Usandizaga, Naroa, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva, Rui, Goncalves, Debora Farina, Gonzalez-Armenta, Jenny L, Gonzalez-Francesqua, A, Gonzalez-Freire, Marta, Gonzalo, Hugo, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gorr, Thomas A, Gourlay, Campbell W, Grams, Bente, Granata, Cesare, Grefte, Sander, Grilo, Luis, Guarch, Meritxell Espino, Gueguen, Naig, Gumeni, Sentiljana, Haas, Clarissa B, Haavik, Jan, Hachmo, Yafit, Haendeler, Judith, Haider, Markus, Hajrulahovic, Anesa, Hamann, Andrea, Han, Jin, Han, Woo Hyun, Hancock, Chad R, Hand, Steven C, Handl, Jiri, Hansikova, Hana, Hardee, Justin P, Hargreaves, Ian P, Harper, Mary Ellen, Harrison, David K, Hassan, Hazirah, Hatakova, Zuzana, Hausenloy, Derek J, Heales, Simon JR, Heiestad, Christina, Hellgren, Kim T, Henrique, Alexandrino, Hepple, Russell T, Hernansanz-Agustin, Pablo, Hewakapuge, Sudinna, Hickey, Anthony J, Ho, Dieu Hien, Hoehn, Kyle L, Hoel, Frederik, Holland, Olivia J, Holloway, Graham P, Holzner, Lorenz, Hoppel, Charles L, Hoppeler, H, Hoppel, Florian, Houstek, Josef, Huete-Ortega, Maria, Hyrossova, Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez, Javier, Indiveri, Cesare, Irving, Brian A, Isola, Raffaella, Iyer, Shilpa, Jackson, Christophe B, Jadiya, Pooja, Jana, Prado Fabian, Jandeleit-Dahm, K, Jang, David H, Jang, Young C, Janowska, Joanna, Jansen, Kirsten, Jansen-Duerr, Pidder, Jansone, Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz, Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz, Anna, Jaspers, Richard T, Jedlicka, Jan, Jerome, Estaquier, Jespersen, Nichlas R, Jha, Rajan K, Joseph, Vincent, Juhasz, Laszlo, Jurczak, Michael J, Jurk, Diana, Kaambre, Tuuli, Kaczor, Jan J, Kainulainen, Heikki, Kampa, Rafal Pawel, Kandel, Sunil M, Kane, Daniel A, Kapferer, Werner, Kapnick, Senta, Kappler, Lisa, Karabatsiakis, Alexander, Karavaeva, Iuliia, Karkucinska-Wieckowska, Agnieszka, Kaur, Sarbjot, Keijer, Jaap, Keller, Markus A, Keppner, Gloria, Khamoui, Andy V, Kidere, Dita, Kilbaugh, Todd, Kim, Hyoung Kyu, Kim, Julian KS, Kimoloi, Sammy, Klepinin, Aleksandr, Klepinina, Lyudmila, Klingenspor, Martin, Klocker, Helmut, Komlódi, Timea, Kolasa, Iris, Koopman, Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala, Natasa, Kowaltowski, Alicia J, Kozlov, Andrey V, Krajcova, Adela, Krako Jakovljevic, Nina, Kristal, Bruce S, Krycer, Jamer R, Kuang, Jujiao, Kucera, Otto, Kuka, Janis, Kwak, Hyo Bum, Kwast, Kurt, Kwon, Oh Sung, Laasmaa, Martin, Labieniec-Watala, Magdalena, Lai, Nicola, Lalic, Nebojsa M, Land, John M, Lane, Nick, Laner, Verena, Lanza, Ian R, Laouafa, Sofien, Larsen, Steen, Larsen, Terje S, Lavery, Gareth G, Lazou, Antigone, Ledo, Ana Margarida, Lee, Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lehti, Maarit, Lemieux, Helene, Lenaz, Giorgio, Lerfall, Jorgen, Li, Pingan A, Li Puma, Lance, Liang, Liping, Liepins, Edgars, Lin, Chien-Te, Liu, Jiankang, Lopez, Luis C, Lucchinetti, Eliana, Ma, Tao, Macedo, Maria P, Machado, Ivo F, Maciej, Sarah, MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Magalhaes, Jose, Magri, Andrea, Majtnerova, Pavlina, Makarova, Elina, Makrecka-Kuka, Marina, Malik, Afshan N, Marcouiller, Francois, Marechal, Amandine, Markova, Michaela, Markovic, Ivanka, Martin, Daniel S, Martins, Ana Dias, Martins, Joao D, Maseko, Tumisang Edward, Maull, Felicia, Mazat, Jean Pierre, McKenna, Helen T, McKenzie, Matthew, McMillan, Duncan GG, McStay, Gavin P, Menze, Michael A, Mendham, Amy, Mercer, John R, Merz, Tamara, Messina, Angela, Meszaros, Andras T, Methner, Axel, Michalak, Slawomir, Mila Guasch, Maria, Minuzzi, Luciele M, Misirkic Marjanovic, Maja, Moellering, Douglas R, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Molina, Anthony JA, Montaigne, David, Moore, Anthony L, Moore, Christy, Moreau, Kerrie, Moreira, Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez, Rafael, Mracek, Tomas, Muccini, Anna Maria, Muntane, Jordi, Muntean, Danina M, Murray, Andrew J, Musiol, Eva, Nabben, Miranda, Nair, K Sreekumaran, Nehlin, Jan O, Nemec, Michal, Nesci, Salvatore, Neufer, P Darrell, Neuzil, Jiri, Neviere, Remi, Newsom, Sean A., Norman, Jennifer, Nozickova, Katerina, Nunes, Sara, Nuoffer, Jean-Marc, O'Brien, Kristin, O'Brien, Katie A, O'Gorman, Donal, Olgar, Yusuf, Oliveira, Ben, Oliveira, Jorge, Oliveira, Marcus F, Oliveira, Marcos Tulio, Oliveira, Pedro F, Oliveira, Paulo J, Olsen, Rolf Erik, Orynbayeva, Zulfiya, Osiewacz, Heinz D, Paez, Hector, Pak, Youngmi K, Pallotta, Maria L, Palmeira, Carlos M, Parajuli, Nirmala, Passos, Joao F, Passrugger, Manuela, Patel, Hemal H, Pavlova, Nadia, Pavlovic, Kasja, Pecina, Petr, Pedersen, Tina M, Perales, Jose Carlos, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva, Filomena, Pereira, Rita, Perez Valencia, Juan A, Perks, Kara L, Pesta, Dominik, Petit, Patrice X, Pettersen Nitschke, Ina Katrine, Pichaud, Nicolas, Pichler, Irene, Piel, Sarah, Pietka, Terri A, Pinho, Sonia A, Pino, Maria F, Pirkmajer, Sergej, Place, Nicolas, Plangger, Mario, Porter, Craig, Porter, Richard K, Preguica, Ines, Procaccio, Vincent, Prochownik, Edward V, Prola, Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puskarich, Michael A, Puurand, Marju, Radenkovic, Filip, Ramzan, Rabia, Rattan, Suresh IS, Reano, Simone, Reboredo, Patricia, Rees, Bernard B, Renner-Sattler, Kathrin, Rial, Eduardo, Robinson, Matthew M, Roden, Michael, Rodrigues, Ana Sofia, Rodriguez, Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez, Sara, Roesland, Gro Vatne, Rolo, Anabela Pinto, Ropelle, Eduardo R, Roshanravan, Baback, Rossignol, Rodrigue, Rossiter, Harry B, Rousar, Tomas, Rubelj, Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska, Joanna, Saada, Ann, Safaei, Zahra, Sarlak, Saharnaz, Salin, Karine, Salvadego, Desy, Sandi, Carmen, Saner, Nicholas, Santos, Diana, Sanz, Alberto, Sardao, Vilma, Sazanov, Leonid A, Scaife, Paula, Scatena, Roberto, Schartner, Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten, Schilling, Jan M, Schlattner, Uwe, Schmitt, Sabine, Schneider Gasser, Edith Mariane, Schoenfeld, Peter, Schots, Pauke C, Schulz, Rainer, Schwarzer, Christoph, Scott, Graham R, Selman, Colin, Sendon, Pamella Marie, Shabalina, Irina G, Sharma, Pushpa, Sharma, Vipin, Shevchuk, Igor, Shirazi, Reza, Shiroma, Jonathan G, Siewiera, Karolina, Silber, Ariel M, Silva, Ana Maria, Sims, Carrie A, Singer, Dominique, Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Skolik, Robert A, Smenes, Benedikte Therese, Smith, James, Soares, Félix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka, Ondrej, Sokolova, Inna, Solesio Torregrosa, M De la Encarnacion, Soliz, Jorge, Sonkar, Vijay K, Sova, Marina, Sowton, Alice P, Sparagna, Genevieve C, Sparks, Lauren M, Spinazzi, Marco, Stankova, Pavla, Starr, Jonathan, Stary, Creed, Stefan, Eduard, Stelfa, Gundega, Stepto, Nigel K, Stevanovic, Jelena, Stiban, Johnny, Stier, Antoine, Stocker, Roland, Storder, Julie, Sumbalova, Zuzana, Suomalainen, Wartiovaara Anu, Suravajhala, Prashanth, Svalbe, Baiba, Swerdlow, Russel H, Swiniuch, Daria, Szabo, Ildiko, Szewczyk, Adam, Szibor, Marten, Tanaka, Masashi, Tandler, Bernard, Tarnopolsky, Mark A, Tausan, Daniel, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Tepp, Kersti, Teodoro, J, Thakkar, Himani, Thapa, Maheshwo, Thyfault, John P, Tomar, Dhanendra, Ton, Riccardo, Torp, May-Kristin, Torres-Quesada, Omar, Towheed, Atif, Treberg, Jason R, Tretter, Laszlo, Trewin, Adam J, Trifunovic, Aleksandra, Trivigno, Catherine, Tronstad, Karl Johan, Trougakos, Ioannis P, Truu, Laura, Tuncay, Erkan, Turan, Belma, Tyrrell, Daniel J, Urban, Tomas, Urner, Sofia, Valentine, Joseph Marco, Van Bergen, Nicole J, Van der Ende, Miranda, Varricchio, Frederick, Vaupel, Peter, Vella, Joanna, Vendelin, Marko, Verdaguer, IB, Vercesi, Anibal E, Vernerova, Andrea, Victor, Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Camila, Vidimce, Josif, Viel, Christian, Vieyra, Adalberto, Vilks, Karlis, Villena, Joseph A, Vincent, Vinnyfred, Vinogradov, Andrey D, Viscomi, Carlo, Vitorino, Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vlachaki Walker, Julia, Vogt, Sebastian, Volani, Chiara, Volska, Kristine, Votion, Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski, Ksenija, Wagner, Brett A, Ward, Marie Louise, Warnsmann, Verena, Wasserman, David H, Watala, Cezary, Wei, Yau-Huei, Weinberger, Klaus M, White, Sarah, Whitfield, Jamie, Wickert, Anika, Wieckowski, Mariusz R, Wiesner, Rudolf J, Williams, Caroline M, Winwood-Smith, Hugh, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Wohlwend, Martin, Wolff, Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello, Chantal, Wuest, Rob C I, Yokota, Takashi, Zablocki, Krzysztof, Zanon, Alessandra, Zanou, Nadege, Zaugg, Kathrin, Zaugg, Michael, Zdrazilova, Lucie, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zikova, Alena, Zischka, Hans, Zorzano, Antonio, Zujovic, Tijana, Zurmanova, Jitka, Zvejniece, Liga, Lagarrigue, Sylviane, Munro, Daniel, Pereira, Susana, Laranjinha, Joäo, Hecker, Matthias, Jusic, Amela, Prigione, Alessandro, Sommer, Natascha, Weissig, Volkmar, Guida, Bento, G, John G, Jones, JG, AMS - Tissue Function & Regeneration, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, Physiology, Mito-Eagle - Evolution-Age-Gender-Lifestyle-Environment (Mito-Eagle), Oroboros Instruments, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Gnaiger Erich, Aasander Frostner Eleonor, Abdul Karim Norwahidah, Abdel-Rahman Engy Ali, Abumrad Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo Dario, Adiele Reginald C, Ahn Bumsoo, Alencar Mayke Bezerra, Ali Sameh S, Almeida Angeles, Alton Lesley, Alves Marco G, Amati Francesca, Amoedo Nivea Dias, Amorim Ricardo, Anderson Ethan J, Andreadou Ioanna, Antunes Diana, Arago Marc, Aral Cenk, Arandarcikaite Odeta, Arias-Reyes Christian, Armand Anne-Sophie, Arnould Thierry, Avram Vlad F, Axelrod Christopher L, Bailey Damian M, Bairam Aida, Bajpeyi Sudip, Bajzikova Martina, Bakker Barbara M, Banni Aml, Bardal Tora, Barlow J, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva Ana Carolina, Batterson Philip M, Battino Maurizio, Bazil Jason N, Beard Daniel A, Bednarczyk Piotr, Beleza Jorge, Bello Fiona, Ben-Shachar Dorit, Bento Guida Jose Freitas, Bergdahl Andreas, Berge Rolf K, Bergmeister Lisa, Bernardi Paolo, Berridge Michael V, Bettinazzi Stefano, Bishop David J, Blier Pierre U, Blindheim Dan Filip, Boardman Neoma T, Boetker Hans Erik, Borchard Sabine, Boros Mihaly, Boersheim Elisabet, Borras Consuelo, Borutaite Vilma, Botella Javier, Bouillaud Frederic, Bouitbir Jamal, Boushel Robert C, Bovard Josh, Bravo-Sagua Roberto, Breton Sophie, Brown David A, Brown Guy C, Brown Robert Andrew, Brozinick Joseph T, Buettner Garry R, Burtscher Johannes, Bustos Matilde, Calabria Elisa, Calbet Jose AL, Calzia Enrico, Cannon Daniel T, Cano Sanchez Maria Consolacion, Canto Alvarez Carles, Cardinale Daniele A, Cardoso Luiza HD, Carvalho Eugenia, Casado Pinna Marta, Cassar Samantha, Castelo Rueda Maria Paulina, Castilho Roger F, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque Joao Paulo, Cecatto Cristiane, Celen Murat C, Cervinkova Zuzana, Chabi Beatrice, Chakrabarti Lisa, Chakrabarti Sasanka, Chaurasia Bhagirath, Chen Quan, Chicco Adam J, Chinopoulos Christos, Chowdhury Subir Kumar, Cizmarova Beata, Clementi Emilio, Coen Paul M, Cohen Bruce H, Coker Robert H, Collin-Chenot Anne, Coughlan Melinda T, Coxito Pedro, Crisostomo Luis, Crispim Marcell, Crossland Hannah, Dahdah Norma Ramon, Dalgaard Louise T, Dambrova Maija, Danhelovska Tereza, Darveau Charles-A, Darwin Paula M, Das Anibh Martin, Dash Ranjan K, Davidova Eliska, Davis Michael S, Dayanidhi Sudarshan, De Bem Andreza Fabro, De Goede Paul, De Palma Clara, De Pinto Vito, Dela Flemming, Dembinska-Kiec Aldona, Detraux Damian, Devaux Yvan, Di Marcello Marco, Di Paola Floriana Jessica, Dias Candida, Dias Tania R, Diederich Marc, Distefano Giovanna, Djafarzadeh Siamak, Doermann Niklas, Doerrier Carolina, Dong Lan-Feng, Donnelly Chris, Drahota Zdenek, Duarte Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud Herve, Duchen Michael R, Dumas Jean-Francois, Durham William J, Dymkowska Dorota, Dyrstad Sissel E, Dyson Alex, Dzialowski Edward M, Eaton Simon, Ehinger Johannes K, Elmer Eskil, Endlicher Rene, Engin Ayse Basak, Escames Germaine, Evinova Andrea, Ezrova Zuzana, Falk Marni J, Fell David A, Ferdinandy Peter, Ferko Miroslav, Fernandez-Ortiz Marisol, Fernandez-Vizarra Erika, Ferreira Julio Cesar B, Ferreira Rita Maria P, Ferri Alessandra, Fessel Joshua Patrick, Festuccia William T, Filipovska Aleksandra, Fisar Zdenek, Fischer Christine, Fischer Michael J, Fisher Gordon, Fisher Joshua J, Fontanesi Flavia, Forbes-Hernandez Tamara Y, Ford Ellen, Fornaro Mara, Fuertes Agudo Marina, Fulton Montana, Galina Antonio, Galkin Alexander, Gallee Leon, Galli Gina L J, Gama Perez Pau, Gan Zhenji, Ganetzky Rebecca, Gao Yun, Garcia Geovana S, Garcia-Rivas Gerardo, Garcia-Roves Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza Luiz F, Garlid Keith D, Garrabou Gloria, Garten Antje, Gastaldelli Amalia, Gayen Jiaur, Genders Amanda J, Genova Maria Luisa, Giampieri Francesca, Giovarelli Matteo, Glatz Jan FC, Goikoetxea Usandizaga Naroa, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva Rui, Goncalves Debora Farina, Gonzalez- Armenta Jenny L, Gonzalez-Franquesa Alba, Gonzalez-Freire Marta, Gonzalo Hugo, Goodpaster Bret H, Gorr Thomas A, Gourlay Campbell W, Grams Bente, Granata Cesare, Grefte Sander, Grilo Luis, Guarch Meritxell Espino, Gueguen Naig, Gumeni Sentiljana, Haas Clarissa, Haavik Jan, Hachmo Yafit, Haendeler Judith, Haider Markus, Hajrulahovic Anesa, Hamann Andrea, Han Jin, Han Woo Hyun, Hancock Chad R, Hand Steven C, Handl Jiri, Hansikova Hana, Hardee Justin P, Hargreaves Iain P, Harper Mary- Ellen, Harrison David K, Hassan Hazirah, Hatokova Zuzana, Hausenloy Derek J, Heales Simon JR, Hecker Matthias, Heiestad Christina, Hellgren Kim T, Henrique Alexandrino, Hepple Russell T, Hernansanz- Agustin Pablo, Hewakapuge Sudinna, Hickey Anthony J, Ho Dieu Hien, Hoehn Kyle L, Hoel Fredrik, Holland Olivia J, Holloway Graham P, Holzner Lorenz, Hoppel Charles L, Hoppel Florian, Hoppeler Hans, Houstek Josef, Huete-Ortega Maria, Hyrossova Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez Javier, Indiveri Cesare, Irving Brian A, Isola Raffaella, Iyer Shilpa, Jackson Christopher Benjamin, Jadiya Pooja, Jana Prado Fabian, Jandeleit-Dahm Karin, Jang David H, Jang Young Charles, Janowska Joanna, Jansen Kirsten M, Jansen-Duerr Pidder, Jansone Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz Anna, Jaspers Richard T, Jedlicka Jan, Jerome Estaquier, Jespersen Nichlas Riise, Jha Rajan Kumar, Jones John G, Joseph Vincent, Juhasz Laszlo, Jurczak Michael J, Jurk Diana, Jusic Amela, Kaambre Tuuli, Kaczor Jan Jacek, Kainulainen Heikki, Kampa Rafal Pawel, Kandel Sunil Mani, Kane Daniel A, Kapferer Werner, Kapnick Senta, Kappler Lisa, Karabatsiakis Alexander, Karavaeva Iuliia, Karkucinska-Wieckowska Agnieszka, Kaur Sarbjot, Keijer Jaap, Keller Markus A, Keppner Gloria, Khamoui Andy V, Kidere Dita, Kilbaugh Todd, Kim Hyoung Kyu, Kim Julian KS, Kimoloi Sammy, Klepinin Aleksandr, Klepinina Lyudmila, Klingenspor Martin, Klocker Helmut, Kolassa Iris, Komlodi Timea, Koopman Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala Natasa, Kowaltowski Alicia J, Kozlov Andrey V, Krajcova Adela, Krako Jakovljevic Nina, Kristal Bruce S, Krycer James R, Kuang Jujiao, Kucera Otto, Kuka Janis, Kwak Hyo Bum, Kwast Kurt E, Kwon Oh Sung, Laasmaa Martin, Labieniec-Watala Magdalena, Lagarrigue Sylviane, Lai Nicola, Lalic Nebojsa M, Land John M, Lane Nick, Laner Verena, Lanza Ian R, Laouafa Sofien, Laranjinha Joao, Larsen Steen, Larsen Terje S, Lavery Gareth G, Lazou Antigone, Ledo Ana Margarida, Lee Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh Christiaan, Lehti Maarit, Lemieux Helene, Lenaz Giorgio, Lerfall Joergen, Li Pingan Andy, Li Puma Lance, Liang Liping, Liepins Edgars, Lin Chien-Te, Liu Jiankang, Lopez Garcia Luis Carlos, Lucchinetti Eliana, Ma Tao, Macedo Maria Paula, Machado Ivo F, Maciej Sarah, MacMillan-Crow Lee Ann, Magalhaes Jose, Magri Andrea, Majtnerova Pavlina, Makarova Elina, Makrecka-Kuka Marina, Malik Afshan N, Marcouiller Francois, Marechal Amandine, Markova Michaela, Markovic Ivanka, Martin Daniel S, Martins Ana Dias, Martins Joao D, Maseko Tumisang Edward, Maull Felicia, Mazat Jean-Pierre, McKenna Helen T, McKenzie Matthew, McMillan Duncan GG, McStay Gavin P, Mendham Amy, Menze Michael A, Mercer John R, Merz Tamara, Messina Angela, Meszaros Andras, Methner Axel, Michalak Slawomir, Mila Guasch Maria, Minuzzi Luciele M, Misirkic Marjanovic Maja, Moellering Douglas R, Moisoi Nicoleta, Molina Anthony JA, Montaigne David, Moore Anthony L, Moore Christy, Moreau Kerrie, Moreira Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez Rafael, Mracek Tomas, Muccini Anna Maria, Munro Daniel, Muntane Jordi, Muntean Danina M, Murray Andrew James, Musiol Eva, Nabben Miranda, Nair K Sreekumaran, Nehlin Jan O, Nemec Michal, Nesci Salvatore, Neufer P Darrell, Neuzil Jiri, Neviere Remi, Newsom Sean A, Norman Jennifer, Nozickova Katerina, Nunes Sara, Nuoffer Jean-Marc, O'Brien Kristin, O'Brien Katie A, O'Gorman Donal, Olgar Yusuf, Oliveira Ben, Oliveira Jorge, Oliveira Marcus F, Oliveira Marcos Tulio, Oliveira Pedro Fontes, Oliveira Paulo J, Olsen Rolf Erik, Orynbayeva Zulfiya, Osiewacz Heinz D, Paez Hector, Pak Youngmi Kim, Pallotta Maria Luigia, Palmeira Carlos, Parajuli Nirmala, Passos Joao F, Passrugger Manuela, Patel Hemal H, Pavlova Nadia, Pavlovic Kasja, Pecina Petr, Pedersen Tina M, Perales Jose Carles, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva Filomena, Pereira Rita, Pereira Susana P, Perez Valencia Juan Alberto, Perks Kara L, Pesta Dominik, Petit Patrice X, Pettersen Nitschke Ina Katrine, Pichaud Nicolas, Pichler Irene, Piel Sarah, Pietka Terri A, Pinho Sonia A, Pino Maria F, Pirkmajer Sergej, Place Nicolas, Plangger Mario, Porter Craig, Porter Richard K, Preguica Ines, Prigione Alessandro, Procaccio Vincent, Prochownik Edward V, Prola Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil Thomas, Puskarich Michael A, Puurand Marju, Radenkovic Filip, Ramzan Rabia, Rattan Suresh IS, Reano Simone, Reboredo-Rodriguez Patricia, Rees Bernard B, Renner-Sattler Kathrin, Rial Eduardo, Robinson Matthew M, Roden Michael, Rodrigues Ana Sofia, Rodriguez Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez Sara, Roesland Gro Vatne, Rohlena Jakub, Rolo Anabela Pinto, Ropelle Eduardo R, Roshanravan Baback, Rossignol Rodrigue, Rossiter Harry B, Rousar Tomas, Rubelj Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska Joanna, Saada Reisch Ann, Safaei Zahra, Salin Karine, Salvadego Desy, Sandi Carmen, Saner Nicholas, Santos Diana, Sanz Alberto, Sardao Vilma, Sarlak Saharnaz, Sazanov Leonid A, Scaife Paula, Scatena Roberto, Schartner Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen Morten, Schilling Jan M, Schlattner Uwe, Schmitt Sabine, Schneider Gasser Edith Mariane, Schoenfeld Peter, Schots Pauke C, Schulz Rainer, Schwarzer Christoph, Scott Graham R, Selman Colin, Sendon Pamella Marie, Shabalina Irina G, Sharma Pushpa, Sharma Vipin, Shevchuk Igor, Shirazi Reza, Shiroma Jonathan G, Siewiera Karolina, Silber Ariel M, Silva Ana Maria, Sims Carrie A, Singer Dominique, Singh Brijesh Kumar, Skolik Robert A, Smenes Benedikte Therese, Smith James, Soares Felix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka Ondrej, Sokolova Inna, Solesio Maria E, Soliz Jorge, Sommer Natascha, Sonkar Vijay K, Sova Marina, Sowton Alice P, Sparagna Genevieve C, Sparks Lauren M, Spinazzi Marco, Stankova Pavla, Starr Jonathan, Stary Creed, Stefan Eduard, Stelfa Gundega, Stepto Nigel K, Stevanovic Jelena, Stiban Johnny, Stier Antoine, Stocker Roland, Storder Julie, Sumbalova Zuzana, Suomalainen Anu, Suravajhala Prashanth, Svalbe Baiba, Swerdlow Russell H, Swiniuch Daria, Szabo Ildiko, Szewczyk Adam, Szibor Marten, Tanaka Masashi, Tandler Bernard, Tarnopolsky Mark A, Tausan Daniel, Tavernarakis Nektarios, Teodoro Joao Soeiro, Tepp Kersti, Thakkar Himani, Thapa Maheshwor, Thyfault John P, Tomar Dhanendra, Ton Riccardo, Torp May-Kristin, Torres-Quesada Omar, Towheed Atif, Treberg Jason R, Tretter Laszlo, Trewin Adam J, Trifunovic Aleksandra, Trivigno Catherine, Tronstad Karl Johan, Trougakos Ioannis P, Truu Laura, Tuncay Erkan, Turan Belma, Tyrrell Daniel J, Urban Tomas, Urner Sofia, Valentine Joseph Marco, Van Bergen Nicole J, Van der Ende Miranda, Varricchio Frederick, Vaupel Peter, Vella Joanna, Vendelin Marko, Vercesi Anibal E, Verdaguer Ignasi Bofill, Vernerova Andrea, Victor Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira Camila, Vidimce Josif, Viel Christian, Vieyra Adalberto, Vilks Karlis, Villena Josep A, Vincent Vinnyfred, Vinogradov Andrey D, Viscomi Carlo, Vitorino Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vlachaki Walker Julia, Vogt Sebastian, Volani Chiara, Volska Kristine, Votion Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski Ksenija, Wagner Brett A, Ward Marie Louise, Warnsmann Verena, Wasserman David H, Watala Cezary, Wei Yau-Huei, Weinberger Klaus M, Weissig Volkmar, White Sarah Haverty, Whitfield Jamie, Wickert Anika, Wieckowski Mariusz R, Wiesner Rudolf J, Williams Caroline M, Winwood-Smith Hugh, Wohlgemuth Stephanie E, Wohlwend Martin, Wolff Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello Chantal, Wuest Rob CI, Yokota Takashi, Zablocki Krzysztof, Zanon Alessandra, Zanou Nadege, Zaugg Kathrin, Zaugg Michael, Zdrazilova Lucie, Zhang Yong, Zhang Yizhu, Zikova Alena, Zischka Hans, Zorzano Antonio, Zujovic Tijana, Zurmanova Jitka, Zvejniece Liga

Subjects
uncoupling, MitoPedia: Respiratory states, SI - The International System of Units, IUPAC, Coupling control, Mitochondrial preparations, Protonmotive force, Uncoupling, Oxidative phosphorylation, Phosphorylation efficiency, Electron transfer-pathway, LEAK-respiration, Residual oxygen consumption, Normalization of rate, Flow, Flux, Flux control ratio, Mitochondrial marker, Cell count, Oxygen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], coupling control, protonmotive force, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory control, State 4, electron transfer, State 2, State 3, Mitochondrial physiology, residual oxygen consumption, flux, normalization, ion leak and slip compensatory state, efficiency, electron transfer system, flow, mitochondrial physiology, oxygen, mitochondrial preparations, proton leak
Abstract

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and diseaseexpands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminologyconcerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. Thechemiosmotic theoryestablishes the mechanism of energy transformationandcoupling in oxidative phosphorylation. Theunifying concept of the protonmotive force providestheframeworkfordeveloping a consistent theoretical foundation ofmitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics.We followthe latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)onterminology inphysical chemistry, extended by considerationsofopen systems and thermodynamicsof irreversible processes.Theconcept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and alignsconcepts and symbols withthe nomenclature of classicalbioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view ofmitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes.Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimatelycontribute BEC 2020.1 doi:10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1www.bioenergetics-communications.org3of 44to reproducibility between laboratories and thussupport the development of datarepositoriesof mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells.Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates

Author

Gnaiger, Erich, Aasander Frostner, Eleonor, Abdul Karim, Norwahidah, Abumrad, Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo, Dario, Adiele, Reginald C, Ahn, Bumsoo, Ali, Sameh S, Alton, Lesley, Alves, Marco G, Amati, Francesca, Amoedo, Nivea Dias, Andreadou, Ioanna, Arago, Marc, Aral, Cenk, Arandarcikaite, Odeta, Armand, Anne-Sophie, Arnould, Thierry, Avram, Vlad Florian, Bailey, Damian M, Bajpeyi, Sudip, Bajzikova, Martina, Bakker, Barbara M, Barlow, Jonathan, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva, Ana Carolina, Batterson, Philip, Battino, Maurizio, Bazil, Jason, Beard, Daniel A, Bednarczyk, Piotr, Bello, Fiona, Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Bergdahl, Andreas, Berge, Rolf K, Bergmeister, Lisa, Bernardi, Paolo, Berridge, Michael V, Bettinazzi, Stefano, Bishop, David, Blier, Pierre U, Blindheim, Dan Filip, Boardman, Neoma T, Boetker, Hans Erik, Borchard, Sabine, Boros, Mihaly, Borsheim, Elisabet, Borutaite, Vilma, Botella, Javier, Bouillaud, Frederic, Bouitbir, Jamal, Boushel, Robert C, Bovard, Josh, Breton, Sophie, Brown, David A, Brown, Guy C, Brown, Robert A, Brozinick, Joseph T, Buettner, Garry R, Burtscher, Johannes, Calabria, Elisa, Calbet, Jose A, Calzia, Enrico, Cannon, Daniel T, Cano Sanchez, Maria, Canto Alvarez, Carlos, Cardoso, Luiza Helena Daltro, Carvalho, Eugenia, Casado Pinna, Marta, Cassar, Samantha, Cassina, Adriana M, Castelo, Maria P, Gonzalez-Franquesa, A, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque, Joao Paulo, Cervinkova, Zuzana, Chabi, Beatrice, Chakrabarti, Lisa, Chakrabarti, Sasanka, Chaurasia, Bhagirath, Chen, Qi, Chicco, Adam J, Chinopoulos, Christos, Chowdhury, Subir K, Cizmarova, Beata, Clementi, Emilio, Coen, Paul M, Cohen, Bruce H, Coker, Robert H, Collin, Anne, Crisostomo, Luis, Dahdah, Norma, Dalgaard, Louise T, Dambrova, Maija, Danhelovska, Tereza, Darveau, Charles A, Das, Anibh M, Dash, Ranjan K, Davidova, Eliska, Davis, Michael S, De Goede, Paul, De Palma, Clara, Dembinska-Kiec, Aldona, Detraux, Damien, Devaux, Yvan, Di Marcello, Marco, Dias, Tania R, Distefano, Giovanna, Doermann, Niklas, Doerrier, Carolina, Dong, Lan-Feng, Donnelly, Chris, Drahota, Zdenek, Duarte, Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud, Herve, Duchen, Michael R, Dumas, Jean-Francois, Durham, William J, Dymkowska, Dorota, Dyrstad, Sissel E, Dyson, Alex, Dzialowski, Edward M, Eaton, Simon, Ehinger, Johannes, Elmer, Eskil, Endlicher, Rene, Engin, Ayse B, Escames, Germaine, Ezrova, Zuzana, Falk, Marni Joy, Fell, David A, Ferdinandy, Peter, Ferko, Miroslav, Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista, Ferreira, Rita, Ferri, Alessandra, Fessel, Joshua P, Filipovska, Aleksandra, Fisar, Zdenek, Fischer, Christine, Fischer, Michael, Fisher, Gordon, Fisher, Joshua J, Ford, Ellen, Fornaro, Mara, Galina, Antonio, Galkin, Alexander, Gallee, Leon, Galli, Gina L, Gama Perez, Pau, Gan, Zhenji, Ganetzky, Rebecca, Garcia-Rivas, Gerardo, Garcia-Roves, Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza, Luiz Felipe, Garipi, Enis, Garlid, Keith D, Garrabou, Gloria, Garten, Antje, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Gayen, Jiaur, Genders, Amanda J, Genova, Maria Luisa, Giovarelli, Matteo, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva, Rui, Goncalves, Debora Farina, Gonzalez-Armenta, Jenny L, Gonzalez-Freire, Marta, Gonzalo, Hugo, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gorr, Thomas A, Gourlay, Campbell W, Granata, Cesare, Grefte, Sander, Guarch, Meritxell Espino, Gueguen, Naig, Gumeni, Sentiljana, Haas, Clarissa B, Haavik, Jan, Haendeler, Judith, Haider, Markus, Hamann, Andrea, Han, Jin, Han, Woo Hyun, Hancock, Chad R, Hand, Steven C, Handl, Jiri, Hargreaves, Ian P, Harper, Mary Ellen, Harrison, David K, Hassan, Hazirah, Hausenloy, Derek J, Heales, Simon JR, Heiestad, Christina, Hellgren, Kim T, Hepple, Russell T, Hernansanz-Agustin, Pablo, Hewakapuge, Sudinna, Hickey, Anthony J, Ho, Dieu Hien, Hoehn, Kyle L, Hoel, Frederik, Holland, Olivia J, Holloway, Graham P, Hoppel, Charles L, Hoppel, Florian, Houstek, Josef, Huete-Ortega, Maria, Hyrossova, Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez, Javier, Irving, Brian A, Isola, Raffaella, Iyer, Shilpa, Jackson, Christophe B, Jadiya, Pooja, Jana, Prado Fabian, Jang, David H, Jang, Young C, Janowska, Joanna, Jansen, Kirsten, Jansen-Duerr, Pidder, Jansone, Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz, Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz, Anna, Jedlicka, Jan, Jespersen, Nichlas R, Jha, Rajan K, Jurczak, Michael J, Jurk, Diana, Kaambre, Tuuli, Kaczor, Jan J, Kainulainen, Heikki, Kampa, Rafal Pawel, Kandel, Sunil M, Kane, Daniel A, Kapferer, Werner, Kappler, Lisa, Karabatsiakis, Alexander, Karkucinska-Wieckowska, Agnieszka, Kaur, Sarbjot, Keijer, Jaap, Keller, Markus A, Keppner, Gloria, Khamoui, Andy V, Kidere, Dita, Kilbaugh, Todd, Kim, Hyoung Kyu, Kim, Julian KS, Klepinin, Aleksandr, Klepinina, Lyudmila, Klingenspor, Martin, Klocker, Helmut, Komlódi, Timea, Koopman, Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala, Natasa, Kowaltowski, Alicia J, Kozlov, Andrey V, Krajcova, Adela, Krako Jakovljevic, Nina, Kristal, Bruce S, Krycer, Jamer R, Kuang, Jujiao, Kucera, Otto, Kuka, Janis, Kwak, Hyo Bum, Kwast, Kurt, Laasmaa, Martin, Labieniec-Watala, Magdalena, Lai, Nicola, Land, John M, Lane, Nick, Laner, Verena, Lanza, Ian R, Larsen, Terje S, Lavery, Gareth G, Lazou, Antigone, Lee, Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lehti, Maarit, Lemieux, Helene, Lenaz, Giorgio, Lerfall, Jorgen, Li, Pingan A, Li Puma, Lance, Liepins, Edgars, Lionett, Sofie, Liu, Jiankang, Lopez, Luis C, Lucchinetti, Eliana, Ma, Tao, Macedo, Maria P, Maciej, Sarah, MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Majtnerova, Pavlina, Makarova, Elina, Makrecka-Kuka, Marina, Malik, Afshan N, Markova, Michaela, Martin, Daniel S, Martins, Ana Dias, Martins, Joao D, Maseko, Tumisang Edward, Maull, Felicia, Mazat, Jean Pierre, McKenna, Helen T, McKenzie, Matthew, Menze, Michael A, Merz, Tamara, Meszaros, Andras T, Methner, Axel, Michalak, Slawomir, Moellering, Douglas R, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Molina, Anthony JA, Montaigne, David, Moore, Anthony L, Moreau, Kerrie, Moreira, Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez, Rafael, Mracek, Tomas, Muccini, Anna Maria, Muntane, Jordi, Muntean, Danina M, Murray, Andrew J, Musiol, Eva, Nabben, Miranda, Nair, K Sreekumaran, Nehlin, Jan O, Nemec, Michal, Neufer, P Darrell, Neuzil, Jiri, Neviere, Remi, Newsom, Sean A., Nozickova, Katerina, O'Brien, Katie A, O'Gorman, Donal, Olgar, Yusuf, Oliveira, Ben, Oliveira, Marcus F, Oliveira, Marcos Tulio, Oliveira, Pedro F, Oliveira, Paulo J, Orynbayeva, Zulfiya, Osiewacz, Heinz D, Pak, Youngmi K, Pallotta, Maria L, Palmeira, Carlos M, Parajuli, Nirmala, Passos, Joao F, Passrugger, Manuela, Patel, Hemal H, Pavlova, Nadia, Pecina, Petr, Pedersen, Tina M, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva, Filomena, Perez Valencia, Juan A, Perks, Kara L, Pesta, Dominik, Petit, Patrice X, Pettersen, Ina Katrine Nitschke, Pichaud, Nicolas, Pichler, Irene, Piel, Sarah, Pietka, Terri A, Pino, Maria F, Pirkmajer, Sergej, Plangger, Mario, Porter, Craig, Porter, Richard K, Procaccio, Vincent, Prochownik, Edward V, Prola, Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puskarich, Michael A, Puurand, Marju, Radenkovic, Filip, Ramzan, Rabia, Rattan, Suresh IS, Reboredo, Patricia, Renner-Sattler, Kathrin, Rial, Eduardo, Robinson, Matthew M, Roden, Michael, Rodriguez, Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez, Sara, Roesland, Gro Vatne, Rohlena, Jakub, Rolo, Anabela Pinto, Ropelle, Eduardo R, Rossignol, Rodrigue, Rossiter, Harry B, Rubelj, Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska, Joanna, Saada, Ann, Safaei, Zahra, Sarlak, S, Salin, Karine, Salvadego, Desy, Sandi, Carmen, Saner, Nicholas, Sanz, Alberto, Sazanov, Leonid A, Scatena, Roberto, Schartner, Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten, Schilling, Jan M, Schlattner, Uwe, Schoenfeld, Peter, Schots, Pauke C, Schulz, Rainer, Schwarzer, Christoph, Scott, Graham R, Selman, Colin, Shabalina, Irina G, Sharma, Pushpa, Sharma, Vipin, Shevchuk, Igor, Shirazi, Reza, Shiroma, Jonathan G, Siewiera, Karolina, Silber, Ariel M, Silva, Ana Maria, Sims, Carrie A, Singer, Dominique, Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Skolik, Robert A, Smenes, Benedikte Therese, Smith, James, Soares, Félix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka, Ondrej, Sokolova, Inna, Sonkar, Vijay K, Sowton, Alice P, Sparagna, Genevieve C, Sparks, Lauren M, Spinazzi, Marco, Stankova, Pavla, Starr, Jonathan, Stary, Creed, Stelfa, Gundega, Stepto, Nigel K, Stiban, Johnny, Stier, Antoine, Stocker, Roland, Storder, Julie, Sumbalova, Zuzana, Suomalainen, Wartiovaara Anu, Suravajhala, Prashanth, Svalbe, Baiba, Swerdlow, Russel H, Swiniuch, Daria, Szabo, Ildiko, Szewczyk, Adam, Szibor, Marten, Tanaka, Masashi, Tandler, Bernard, Tarnopolsky, Mark A, Tausan, Daniel, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Tepp, Kersti, Thakkar, Himani, Thapa, Maheshwo, Thyfault, John P, Tomar, Dhanendra, Ton, Riccardo, Torp, May-Kristin, Towheed, Atif, Tretter, Laszlo, Trewin, Adam J, Trifunovic, Aleksandra, Trivigno, Catherine, Tronstad, Karl Johan, Trougakos, Ioannis P, Truu, Laura, Tuncay, Erkan, Turan, Belma, Tyrrell, Daniel J, Urban, Tomas, Valentine, Joseph Marco, Van Bergen, Nicole J, Van Hove, Johan, Varricchio, Frederick, Vella, Joanna, Vendelin, Marko, Vercesi, Anibal E, Victor, Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Camila, Vidimce, Josif, Viel, Christian, Vieyra, Adalberto, Vilks, Karlis, Villena, Joseph A, Vincent, Vinnyfred, Vinogradov, Andrey D, Viscomi, Carlo, Vitorino, Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vogt, Sebastian, Volani, Chiara, Volska, Kristine, Votion, Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski, Ksenija, Wagner, Brett A, Ward, Marie Louise, Warnsmann, Verena, Wasserman, David H, Watala, Cezary, Wei, Yau-Huei, Whitfield, Jamie, Wickert, Anika, Wieckowski, Mariusz R, Wiesner, Rudolf J, Williams, Caroline M, Winwood-Smith, Hugh, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Wohlwend, Martin, Wolff, Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello, Chantal, Wuest, Rob C I, Yokota, Takashi, Zablocki, Krzysztof, Zanon, Alessandra, Zanou, Nadege, Zaugg, Kathrin, Zaugg, Michael, Zdrazilova, Lucie, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zikova, Alena, Zischka, Hans, Zorzano, Antonio, Zvejniece, Liga, Lagarrigue, Sylviane, Munro, Daniel, Pereira, Susana, Laranjinha, Joäo, Almeida, Angeles, Diederich, M, Hecker, M, Jusic, A, Prigione, A, Sommer, N, Weissig, V, Abdel-Rahman, EA, Sova, M, Amorim, R, Beleza, J, Bravo-Sagua, R, Celen, MC, Coxito, P, Crispim, M, Dias, C, Evinova, A, Fuertes Agudo, M, Gao, Y, Garcia, G, Goikoetxea Usandizaga, N, Grilo, L, Minuzzi, LM, Hachmo, Y, Hajrulahovic, A, Hatokova, Z, Henrique, A, Holzner, L, Kimoloi, S, Ledo, AM, Machado, IF, Magalhaes, J, Magri, A, Nunes, S, Oliveira, J, Pinho, SA, Preguica, I, Reano, S, Rodrigues, AS, Santos, D, Sardao, V, Stevanovic, J, Teodoro, J, Van der Ende, M, Zujovic, T, Djafarzadeh, S, Schneider Gasser, EM, Jaspers, RT, Arias-Reyes, C, Bairam, A, Laouafa, S, Marcouiller, F, Soliz, J, Glatz, J, Antunes, D, Bach de Courtade, SM, Bardal, T, Di Paola, FJ, Fulton, M, Grams, B, Joseph, V, Kwon, OS, Liang, L, Mila Guasch, M, Moore, C, Norman, J, O'Brien, K, Olsen, RE, Paez, H, Rees, BB, Roshanravan, B, Scaife, P, Sendon, PM, Vlachaki Walker, J, Crossland, H, Jones, JG, Bento, G, Perales, JC, and Aragones Lopez, J

Subjects
uncoupling, Mitochondrial respiratory control, coupling control, protonmotive force, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory control, NARILIS, ET [electron transfer], electron transfer, residual oxygen consumption, flux, normalization, efficiency, flow, oxygen, mitochondrial preparations, proton leak
Abstract

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to human health expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow guidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of databases of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Striated muscle-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase beta segregates with high versus low responsiveness to endurance exercise training

Author

Kusić, Denis, primary, Connolly, Joanne, additional, Kainulainen, Heikki, additional, Semenova, Ekaterina A., additional, Borisov, Oleg V., additional, Larin, Andrey K., additional, Popov, Daniil V., additional, Generozov, Edward V., additional, Ahmetov, Ildus I., additional, Britton, Steven L., additional, Koch, Lauren G., additional, and Burniston, Jatin G., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Low-protein vegetarian diet does not have a short-term effect on blood acid–base status but raises oxygen consumption during submaximal cycling

Author

Hietavala Enni-Maria, Puurtinen Risto, Kainulainen Heikki, and Mero Antti A

Subjects
Nutrition, Acid–base balance, Aerobic performance, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background Acid–base balance refers to the equilibrium between acids and bases in the human body. Nutrition may affect acid–base balance and further physical performance. With the help of PRAL (potential renal acid load), a low-protein vegetarian diet (LPVD) was designed to enhance the production of bases in body. The aim of this study was to investigate if LPVD has an effect on blood acid–base status and performance during submaximal and maximal aerobic cycling. Methods Nine healthy, recreationally active men (age 23.5 ± 3.4 yr) participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups in a cross-over study design. Group 1 followed LPVD for 4 days and group 2 ate normally (ND) before performing a cycle ergometer test. The test included three 10-min stages at 40, 60 and 80% of VO2max. The fourth stage was performed at 100% of VO2max until exhaustion. After 10–16 days, the groups started a second 4-day diet, and at the end performed the similar ergometer test. Venous blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of both diet periods and after every stage cycled. Results Diet caused no significant difference in venous blood pH, strong ion difference (SID), total concentration of weak acids (Atot), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) or HCO3- at rest or during cycling between LPVD and ND. In the LPVD group, at rest SID significantly increased over the diet period (38.6 ± 1.8 vs. 39.8 ± 0.9, p=0.009). Diet had no significant effect on exercise time to exhaustion, but VO2 was significantly higher at 40, 60 and 80% of VO2max after LPVD compared to ND (2.03 ± 0.25 vs. 1.82 ± 0.21 l/min, p=0.035; 2.86 ± 0.36 vs. 2.52 ± 0.33 l/min, p Conclusion There was no difference in venous blood acid–base status between a 4-day LPVD and ND. VO2 was increased during submaximal cycling after LPVD suggesting that the exercise economy was poorer. This had no further effect on maximal aerobic performance. More studies are needed to define how nutrition affects acid–base balance and performance.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Effects of high-fat diet and physical activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 in mouse skeletal muscle

Author

Rinnankoski-Tuikka Rita, Silvennoinen Mika, Torvinen Sira, Hulmi Juha J, Lehti Maarit, Kivelä Riikka, Reunanen Hilkka, and Kainulainen Heikki

Subjects
Skeletal muscle, Mitochondria, Lipids, Glucose, Fuel switching, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background The expression of PDK4 is elevated by diabetes, fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. It is previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, coactivates in cell lines pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). We investigated the effects of long-term high-fat diet and physical activity on the expression of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα and the amount and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Methods Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet for 19 weeks in C57BL/6 J mice, which were either sedentary or with access to running wheels. The skeletal muscle expression levels of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα were measured and the quality and quantity of mitochondrial function was assessed. Results The HF mice were more insulin-resistant than the low-fat (LF) -fed mice. Upregulation of PDK4 and ERRα mRNA and protein levels were seen after the HF diet, and when combined with running even more profound effects on the mRNA expression levels were observed. Chronic HF feeding and voluntary running did not have significant effects on PGC-1α mRNA or protein levels. No remarkable difference was found in the amount or function of mitochondria. Conclusions Our results support the view that insulin resistance is not mediated by the decreased qualitative or quantitative properties of mitochondria. Instead, the role of PDK4 should be contemplated as a possible contributor to high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary wheel running on the microstructure of the murine distal femur

Author

Timonen Jussi, Kainulainen Heikki, Rinnankoski-Tuikka Rita, Torvinen Sira, Silvennoinen Mika, Turpeinen Tuomas, Ma Hongqiang, Kujala Urho M, Rahkila Paavo, and Suominen Harri

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Obesity and osteoporosis, two possibly related conditions, are rapidly expanding health concerns in modern society. Both of them are associated with sedentary life style and nutrition. To investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary physical activity we used high resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) together with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to examine the microstructure of the distal femoral metaphysis in mice. Methods Forty 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups: control (C), control + running (CR), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet + running (HFR). After a 21-week intervention, all the mice were sacrificed and the left femur dissected for pQCT and μCT measurements. Results The mice fed the high-fat diet showed a significant weight gain (over 70% for HF and 60% for HFR), with increased epididymal fat pad mass and impaired insulin sensitivity. These obese mice had significantly higher trabecular connectivity density, volume, number, thickness, area and mass, and smaller trabecular separation. At the whole bone level, they had larger bone circumference and cross-sectional area and higher density-weighted maximal, minimal, and polar moments of inertia. Voluntary wheel running decreased all the cortical bone parameters, but increased the trabecular mineral density, and decreased the pattern factor and structure model index towards a more plate-like structure. Conclusions The results suggest that in mice the femur adapts to obesity by improving bone strength both at the whole bone and micro-structural level. Adaptation to running exercise manifests itself in increased trabecular density and improved 3D structure, but in a limited overall bone growth

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Exercise-induced expression of angiogenic growth factors in skeletal muscle and in capillaries of healthy and diabetic mice

Author

Lehti Maarit, Silvennoinen Mika, Kivelä Riikka, Jalava Sanni, Vihko Veikko, and Kainulainen Heikki

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Background Diabetes has negative, and exercise training positive, effects on the skeletal muscle vasculature, but the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In the present experiment the effects of running exercise on the mRNA expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors were studied in healthy and diabetic skeletal muscle. The responses in capillaries and muscle fibers, collected from the muscle with laser capture microdissection, were also studied separately. Methods Healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Exercise was a single bout of 1 h running on a treadmill. Gastrocnemius muscles were harvested 3 h and 6 h post exercise, and angiogenesis-related gene expressions were analyzed with real-time PCR. In addition to muscle homogenates, capillaries and muscle fibers were collected from the muscle with laser capture microdissection method and analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA expression. Results Of the proangiogenic factors, VEGF-A and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA expression increased significantly (P < 0.05) in healthy skeletal muscle 6 h post exercise. VEGF-B also showed a similar trend (P = 0.08). No significant change was observed post exercise in diabetic muscles in the expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 or VEGF-B. The expression of angiogenesis inhibitor TSP-1 and angiogenic extracellular matrix protein Cyr61 were significantly increased in diabetic muscles (P < 0.05–0.01). Capillary mRNA expression resembled that in the muscle homogenates, however, the responses were greater in capillaries compared to muscle homogenates and pure muscle fibers. Conclusion The present study is the first to report the effects of a single bout of exercise on the expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors in diabetic skeletal muscle, and it provides novel data about the separate responses in capillaries and muscle fibers to exercise and diabetes. Diabetic mice seem to have lower angiogenic responses to exercise compared to healthy mice, and they show markedly increased expression of angiogenesis inhibitor TSP-1. Furthermore, exercise-induced VEGF-A expression was shown to be greater in capillaries than in muscle fibers.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency

Author

Ihalainen, Johanna K., Inglis, Alistair, Mäkinen, Tuomas, Newton, Robert U., Kainulainen, Heikki, Kyröläinen, Heikki, Walker, Simon, Ihalainen, Johanna K., Inglis, Alistair, Mäkinen, Tuomas, Newton, Robert U., Kainulainen, Heikki, Kyröläinen, Heikki, and Walker, Simon

Abstract

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65-75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2-5 sets and 4-12 repetitions per exercise and 7-9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. There were significant main effects of time for total fat mass (F = 28.12, P < 0.001) and abdominal fat mass (F = 20.72, P < 0.001). Pre- to post-study, statistically significant reductions in fat mass (Delta = -1.3 +/- 1.4 kg, P < 0.001, n = 26) were observed in EX3. Pre- to post-study reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (Delta = -0.38 +/- 0.44 mmol.L-1 , P = 0.003, n = 19) were observed only in EX3, whereas a significant pre- to post-study increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (0.14-0.19 mmol.L-1) were observed in all training groups. Most variables at baseline demonstrated a significant (negative) relationship when correlating baseline values with their change during the study including: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.583, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = -0.471, P < 0.001, and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.402, P = 0.003). The present study suggests that having more than two resistance training sessions in a week could be of benefit in the management of body composition and lipid profile. Nevertheless, interestingly, and importantly, those individuals with a higher baseline in systolic blood pressure, IL-6 and

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Gene expression in TGFbeta-induced epithelial cell differentiation in a three-dimensional intestinal epithelial cell differentiation model

Author

Mäki Markku, Kaukinen Katri, Juuti-Uusitalo Kati M, Tuimala Jarno, and Kainulainen Heikki

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The TGFβ1-induced signal transduction processes involved in growth and differentiation are only partly known. The three-dimensional epithelial differentiation model, in which T84 epithelial cells are induced to differentiate either with TGFβ1 or IMR-90 mesenchymal cell-secreted soluble factors, is previously shown to model epithelial cell differentiation seen in intestine. That model has not been used for large scale gene expression studies, such as microarray method. Therefore the gene expression changes were studied in undifferentiated and differentiated three-dimensional T84 cultures with cDNA microarray method in order to study the molecular changes and find new players in epithelial cell differentiation. Results The expression of 372 genes out of 5188 arrayed sequences was significantly altered, and 47 of them were altered by both mediators. The data were validated and the altered genes are presented in ontology classes. For the genes tested the expressions in protein level were in accordance with the mRNA results. We also found 194 genes with no known function to be potentially important in epithelial cell differentiation. The mRNA expression changes induced by TGFβ1 were bigger than changes induced by soluble factors secreted by IMR-90 mesenchymal cells. The gene expression data was depicted in already known signaling pathway routes. Conclusion Our results reveal potential new signaling pathways and several new genes affected by TGFβ in epithelial cell differentiation. The differentiation induced by TGFβ1 appears to be more potent than the differentiation induced by mesenchymal cells. This study indicates that our cell culture model is a suitable tool in studying regulatory mechanisms during epithelial cell differentiation in intestine. Furthermore the present results indicate that our model is a good tool for finding new players acting in the differentiation of epithelial cells.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Corrected whole blood biomarkers : the equation of Dill and Costill revisited

Author

Matomäki, Pekka, Kainulainen, Heikki, and Kyröläinen, Heikki

Subjects
Dill and Costill equation, veri, biomarker, plasma change, biomarkkerit, veriplasma, sense organs, correction formula
Abstract

An exercise bout or a dehydration often causes a reduction in plasma volume, which should be acknowledged when considering the change in biomarkers before and after the plasma changing event. The classic equation from Dill and Costill (1974, J. Appl. Physiol., 37, 247–248) for plasma volume shift is usually utilized in such a case. Although this works well with plasma and serum biomarkers, we argue in this note that this traditional approach gives misleading results in the context of whole blood biomarkers, such as lactate, white cells, and thrombocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that to calculate the change in the total amount of circulating whole blood biomarker, one should utilize a formula BMpost BMpre Hbpre Hbpost 1: Here Hb and BM are, respectively, the concentrations for the hemoglobin and for the inspected whole blood biomarker before (pre) and after (post) the plasma changing incident. peerReviewed

Published
2018

36. TGF-β induces the expression of SAP30L, a novel nuclear protein

Author

Heinonen Taisto YK, Niittynen Marjo, Viiri Keijo M, Lindfors Katri, Mäki Markku, and Kainulainen Heikki

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background We have previously set up an in vitro mesenchymal-epithelial cell co-culture model which mimics the intestinal crypt villus axis biology in terms of epithelial cell differentiation. In this model the fibroblast-induced epithelial cell differentiation from secretory crypt cells to absorptive enterocytes is mediated via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the major inhibitory regulator of epithelial cell proliferation known to induce differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify novel genes whose products would play a role in this TGF-β-induced differentiation. Results Differential display analysis resulted in the identification of a novel TGF-β upregulated mRNA species, the Sin3-associated protein 30-like, SAP30L. The mRNA is expressed in several human tissues and codes for a nuclear protein of 183 amino acids 70% identical with Sin3 associated protein 30 (SAP30). The predicted nuclear localization signal of SAP30L is sufficient for nuclear transport of the protein although mutating it does not completely remove SAP30L from the nuclei. In the nuclei SAP30L concentrates in small bodies which were shown by immunohistochemistry to colocalize with PML bodies only partially. Conclusions By reason of its nuclear localization and close homology to SAP30 we believe that SAP30L might have a role in recruiting the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex to specific corepressor complexes in response to TGF-β, leading to the silencing of proliferation-driving genes in the differentiating intestinal epithelial cells.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training

Author

Ahtiainen, Juha P., primary, Lensu, Sanna, additional, Ruotsalainen, Ilona, additional, Schumann, Moritz, additional, Ihalainen, Johanna K., additional, Fachada, Vasco, additional, Mendias, Christopher L., additional, Brook, Matthew S., additional, Smith, Kenneth, additional, Atherton, Philip J., additional, Koch, Lauren G., additional, Britton, Steven L., additional, and Kainulainen, Heikki, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Fyysinen aktiivisuus pitää yllä aivojenkin terveyttä ja toimintakykyä läpi elämän

Author

Nokia, Miriam, Wikgren, Jan, and Kainulainen, Heikki

Subjects
toimintakyky, aivot, terveys, fyysinen aktiivisuus
Abstract

Fyysisesti aktiivisilla ikääntyneillä ihmisillä on pienempi riski sairastua muistisairauksiin, kuten Alzheimerin tautiin, ja liikuntaa on ehdotettu jopa muistisairauksien hoidoksi. Positiivinen yhteys aerobisen kunnon ja aivojen rakenteellisen kunnon välillä näkyy vielä yli 80-vuotiailla. Liikunnan vaikutuksia aivojen terveyteen ja oppimisen edellytyksiin tutkitaan nyt monitieteellisesti ja -menetelmällisesti. nonPeerReviewed

Published
2017

41. Treatment with soluble activin type IIB-receptor improves bone mass and strength in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author

Puolakkainen, Tero, Ma, Hongqian, Kainulainen, Heikki, Pasternack, Arja, Rantalainen, Timo, Ritvos, Olli, Heikinheimo, Kristiina, Hulmi, Juha, Kiviranta, Riku, Medicum, Department of Physiology, and Growth factor physiology

Subjects
bone-muscle interactions, OXIDATIVE CAPACITY, MDX MICE, bone μCT, exercise, BLOCKING, Bone mu CT, EXERCISE, PREVENTS, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, MYOSTATIN, Bone-muscle interactions, animal models, Animal models, DEFICIENCY, TGF-βs, DENSITY, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, TGF-beta s, METAANALYSIS
Abstract

Background: Inhibition of activin/myostatin pathway has emerged as a novel approach to increase muscle mass and bone strength. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to progressive muscle degeneration and also high incidence of fractures. The aim of our study was to test whether inhibition of activin receptor IIB ligands with or without exercise could improve bone strength in the mdx mouse model for DMD. Methods: Thirty-two mdx mice were divided to running and non-running groups and to receive either PBS control or soluble activin type IIB-receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) once weekly for 7 weeks. Results: Treatment of mdx mice with ActRIIB-Fc resulted in significantly increased body and muscle weights in both sedentary and exercising mice. Femoral mu CT analysis showed increased bone volume and trabecular number (BV/TV +80%, Tb.N +70%, P

Published
2017

42. iGEMS : an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events

Author

Sood, Sanjana, Szkop, Krzysztof J, Nakhuda, Asif, Gallagher, Iain J, Murie, Carl, Brogan, Robert J, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kainulainen, Heikki, Atherton, Philip J, Kujala, Urho M, Gustafsson, Thomas, Larsson, Ola, Timmons, James A, Clinicum, Jaakko Kaprio / Principal Investigator, Department of Public Health, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, and Genetic Epidemiology

Subjects
WHITE ADIPOCYTES, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, DIFFERENTIATION, ARRAY ANALYSIS, SPLICE VARIANTS, RNA-SEQ, 3111 Biomedicine, HUMAN TISSUES, TRANSCRIPTOME, alternative exon usage, MICROARRAYS, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, GENE-EXPRESSION
Abstract

DNA microarrays and RNAseq are complementary methods for studying RNA molecules. Current computational methods to determine alternative exon usage (AEU) using such data require impractical visual inspection and still yield high false-positive rates. Integrated Gene and Exon Model of Splicing (iGEMS) adapts a gene-level residuals model with a gene size adjusted false discovery rate and exon-level analysis to circumvent these limitations. iGEMS was applied to two new DNA microarray datasets, including the high coverage Human Transcriptome Arrays 2.0 and performance was validated using RT-qPCR. First, AEU was studied in adipocytes treated with (n = 9) or without (n = 8) the anti-diabetes drug, rosiglitazone. iGEMS identified 555 genes with AEU, and robust verification by RT-qPCR (similar to 90%). Second, in a three-way human tissue comparison (muscle, adipose and blood, n = 41) iGEMS identified 4421 genes with at least one AEU event, with excellent RT-qPCR verification (95%, n = 22). Importantly, iGEMS identified a variety of AEU events, including 3'UTR extension, as well as exon inclusion/exclusion impacting on protein kinase and extracellular matrix domains. In conclusion, iGEMS is a robust method for identification of AEU while the variety of exon usage between human tissues is 5-10 times more prevalent than reported by the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium using RNA sequencing.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Physical exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats provided it is aerobic and sustained

Author

Nokia, Miriam, Lensu, Sanna, Ahtiainen, Juha, Johansson, Petra P., Koch, Lauren G., Britton, Steven L., and Kainulainen, Heikki

Subjects
rats, physical exercise, AHN, hippocampal neurogenesis, anaerobic resistance training, high-intensity interval training, HIT
Abstract

Aerobic exercise, such as running, has positive effects on brain structure and function, such as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and learning. Whether high-intensity interval training (HIT), referring to alternating short bouts of very intense anaerobic exercise with recovery periods, or anaerobic resistance training (RT) has similar effects on AHN is unclear. In addition, individual genetic variation in the overall response to physical exercise is likely to play a part in the effects of exercise on AHN but is less well studied. Recently, we developed polygenic rat models that gain differentially for running capacity in response to aerobic treadmill training. Here, we subjected these low-response trainer (LRT) and high-response trainer (HRT) adult male rats to various forms of physical exercise for 6–8 weeks and examined the effects on AHN. Compared with sedentary animals, the highest number of doublecortin-positive hippocampal cells was observed in HRT rats that ran voluntarily on a running wheel, whereas HIT on the treadmill had a smaller, statistically non-significant effect on AHN. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was elevated in both LRT and HRT rats that underwent endurance training on a treadmill compared with those that performed RT by climbing a vertical ladder with weights, despite their significant gain in strength. Furthermore, RT had no effect on proliferation (Ki67), maturation (doublecortin) or survival (bromodeoxyuridine) of new adult-born hippocampal neurons in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results suggest that physical exercise promotes AHN most effectively if the exercise is aerobic and sustained, especially when accompanied by a heightened genetic predisposition for response to physical exercise. peerReviewed

Published
2016

45. Treatment with soluble activin type IIB-receptor improves bone mass and strength in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author

University of Helsinki, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Physiology, Puolakkainen, Tero, Ma, Hongqian, Kainulainen, Heikki, Pasternack, Arja, Rantalainen, Timo, Ritvos, Olli, Heikinheimo, Kristiina, Hulmi, Juha, Kiviranta, Riku, University of Helsinki, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Physiology, Puolakkainen, Tero, Ma, Hongqian, Kainulainen, Heikki, Pasternack, Arja, Rantalainen, Timo, Ritvos, Olli, Heikinheimo, Kristiina, Hulmi, Juha, and Kiviranta, Riku

Abstract

Background: Inhibition of activin/myostatin pathway has emerged as a novel approach to increase muscle mass and bone strength. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to progressive muscle degeneration and also high incidence of fractures. The aim of our study was to test whether inhibition of activin receptor IIB ligands with or without exercise could improve bone strength in the mdx mouse model for DMD. Methods: Thirty-two mdx mice were divided to running and non-running groups and to receive either PBS control or soluble activin type IIB-receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) once weekly for 7 weeks. Results: Treatment of mdx mice with ActRIIB-Fc resulted in significantly increased body and muscle weights in both sedentary and exercising mice. Femoral mu CT analysis showed increased bone volume and trabecular number (BV/TV +80%, Tb.N +70%, P <0.05) in both ActRIIB-Fc treated groups. Running also resulted in increased bone volume and trabecular number in PBS-treatedmice. However, there was no significant difference in trabecular bone structure or volumetric bone mineral density between the ActRIIB-Fc and ActRIIB-Fc-R indicating that running did not further improve bone structure in ActRIIB-Fc-treated mice. ActRIIB-Fc increased bone mass also in vertebrae (BV/TV +20%, Tb.N +30%, P <0.05) but the effects were more modest. The number of osteoclasts was decreased in histological analysis and the expression of several osteoblast marker genes was increased in ActRIIB-Fc treated mice suggesting decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation in these mice. Increased bone mass in femurs translated into enhanced bone strength in biomechanical testing as the maximum force and stiffness were significantly elevated in ActRIIB-Fc-treated mice. Conclusions: Our results indicate that treatment of mdx mice with the soluble ActRIIB-Fc results in a robust increase in bone mass, without any additive effect by voluntary running. Thus ActRIIB-Fc could be an attr

Published
2017

47. iGEMS

Author

University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Sood, Sanjana, Szkop, Krzysztof J., Nakhuda, Asif, Gallagher, Iain J., Murie, Carl, Brogan, Robert J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Kainulainen, Heikki, Atherton, Philip J., Kujala, Urho M., Gustafsson, Thomas, Larsson, Ola, Timmons, James A., University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Sood, Sanjana, Szkop, Krzysztof J., Nakhuda, Asif, Gallagher, Iain J., Murie, Carl, Brogan, Robert J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Kainulainen, Heikki, Atherton, Philip J., Kujala, Urho M., Gustafsson, Thomas, Larsson, Ola, and Timmons, James A.

Abstract

DNA microarrays and RNAseq are complementary methods for studying RNA molecules. Current computational methods to determine alternative exon usage (AEU) using such data require impractical visual inspection and still yield high false-positive rates. Integrated Gene and Exon Model of Splicing (iGEMS) adapts a gene-level residuals model with a gene size adjusted false discovery rate and exon-level analysis to circumvent these limitations. iGEMS was applied to two new DNA microarray datasets, including the high coverage Human Transcriptome Arrays 2.0 and performance was validated using RT-qPCR. First, AEU was studied in adipocytes treated with (n = 9) or without (n = 8) the anti-diabetes drug, rosiglitazone. iGEMS identified 555 genes with AEU, and robust verification by RT-qPCR (similar to 90%). Second, in a three-way human tissue comparison (muscle, adipose and blood, n = 41) iGEMS identified 4421 genes with at least one AEU event, with excellent RT-qPCR verification (95%, n = 22). Importantly, iGEMS identified a variety of AEU events, including 3'UTR extension, as well as exon inclusion/exclusion impacting on protein kinase and extracellular matrix domains. In conclusion, iGEMS is a robust method for identification of AEU while the variety of exon usage between human tissues is 5-10 times more prevalent than reported by the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium using RNA sequencing.

Published
2016

48. Voluntary running aids to maintain high body temperature in rats bred for high aerobic capacity

Author

Karvinen, Sira M, Silvennoinen, Mika, Ma, Hongqiang, Törmäkangas, Timo, Rantalainen, Timo, Rinnankoski-Tuikka, Rita, Lensu, Sanna, Koch, Lauren G, Britton, Steven L, Kainulainen, Heikki, Karvinen, Sira M, Silvennoinen, Mika, Ma, Hongqiang, Törmäkangas, Timo, Rantalainen, Timo, Rinnankoski-Tuikka, Rita, Lensu, Sanna, Koch, Lauren G, Britton, Steven L, and Kainulainen, Heikki

Abstract

The production of heat, i.e., thermogenesis, is a significant component of the metabolic rate, which in turn affects weight gain and health. Thermogenesis is linked to physical activity (PA) level. However, it is not known whether intrinsic exercise capacity, aging, and long-term voluntary running affect core body temperature. Here we use rat models selectively bred to differ in maximal treadmill endurance running capacity (Low capacity runners, LCR and High capacity Runners, HCR), that as adults are divergent for aerobic exercise capacity, aging, and metabolic disease risk to study the connection between PA and body temperature. Ten high capacity runner (HCR) and ten low capacity runner (LCR) female rats were studied between 9 and 21 months of age. Rectal body temperature of HCR and LCR rats was measured before and after 1-year voluntary running/control intervention to explore the effects of aging and PA. Also, we determined whether injected glucose and spontaneous activity affect the body temperature differently between LCR and HCR rats at 9 vs. 21 months of age. HCRs had on average 1.3°C higher body temperature than LCRs (p < 0.001). Aging decreased the body temperature level of HCRs to similar levels with LCRs. The opportunity to run voluntarily had a significant impact on the body temperature of HCRs (p < 0.001) allowing them to maintain body temperature at a similar level as when at younger age. Compared to LCRs, HCRs were spontaneously more active, had higher relative gastrocnemius muscle mass and higher UCP2, PGC-1α, cyt c, and OXPHOS levels in the skeletal muscle (p < 0.050). These results suggest that higher PA level together with greater relative muscle mass and higher mitochondrial content/function contribute to the accumulation of heat in the HCRs. Interestingly, neither aging nor voluntary training had a significant impact on core body temperature of LCRs. However, glucose injection resulted in a lowering of the body temperature of L

Published
2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results