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1. Moments of the spin structure functions g1p and g1d for 0.05<Q2<3.0 GeV2

Author: R. A. Schumacher, G. V. O'Rielly, C. D. Keith, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Z. W. Zhao, Chaden Djalali, D. G. Jenkins, Michael Dugger, S. Tkachenko, H. O. Funsten, A. I. Ostrovidov, A. C S Lima, S. Bültmann, L. Morand, M. R. Niroula, T. A. Forest, D. G. Ireland, G. Asryan, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, J. Pierce, Elton Smith, M. J. Amaryan, M. MacCormick, O. P. Dzyubak, R. A. Niyazov, I. Hleiqawi, S. L. Careccia, Larry Weinstein, Avraham Klein, E. Golovatch, H. G. Juengst, K. Moriya, Daniel S. Carman, J. Kuhn, Philip L. Cole, S. McAleer, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, P. D. Rubin, L. Blaszczyk, P. Corvisiero, Y. G. Sharabian, A. Fradi, L. Cheng, G. Audit, A.V. Stavinsky, C. E. Hyde-Wright, F. Sabatié, Nikolay Shvedunov, D. Heddle, P. Stoler, Friedrich Klein, J. P. Cummings, R. De Vita, N. Markov, V. Sapunenko, C. Salgado, Dinko Pocanic, L. Elouadrhiri, N. Kalantarians, S. Stepanyan, K. S. Egiyan, R. C. Minehart, C. A. Meyer, J. Ball, M. Taiuti, S. E. Kuhn, I. I. Strakovsky, M. Bektasoglu, M. Kossov, K. Mikhailov, K.H. Hicks, R. J. Feuerbach, G. V. Fedotov, M. Nozar, A. Deur, I. Popa, V. Crede, J. W. Price, Shifeng Chen, M. Anghinolfi, Laird Kramer, D. P. Watts, H. Egiyan, G. Gavalian, John A. Mueller, L. Casey, B. L. Berman, P. Mattione, B. B. Niczyporuk, G. Rosner, N. Benmouna, N. Pivnyuk, Kwangsoo Kim, J. T. Goetz, M. Mirazita, G. Riccardi, J. R. Calarco, R. A. Miskimen, B. A. Raue, B. McKinnon, W. J. Briscoe, L. M. Qin, R. G. Fersh, P. Eugenio, J. Langheinrich, C. Butuceanu, C. Hanretty, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, S. A. Philips, M. Ripani, G. Ricco, S. A. Morrow, C. Paterson, Y. Ilieva, Michael Vineyard, Victor Mokeev, M. Klusman, B. M. Preedom, D. Branford, P. Collins, B. Moreno, J. R. Johnstone, Lorenzo Zana, J. P. Santoro, Tsutomu Mibe, Gerald Feldman, J. M. Laget, L. Todor, D. Protopopescu, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, C. Marchand, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, M. L. Seely, Ji Li, D. J. Tedeschi, G. E. Dodge, H. Y. Lu, J. Lachniet, I. Bedlinskiy, Marco A. Huertas, A. Tkabladze, M. D. Mestayer, E. L. Isupov, P. V. Degtyarenko, D. Rowntree, K. Livingston, Michael L. Williams, M. Holtrop, R. Suleiman, V. Kuznetsov, D. S. Dale, J. Zhang, S. Boiarinov, D. I. Sober, Gerard Gilfoyle, F. X. Girod, G. S. Mutchler, N. A. Baltzell, I. Niculescu, D. Sokhan, J. Salamanca, K. A. Griffioen, D. Lawrence, M. Guillo, N. Guler, R. De Masi, L. El Fassi, J. W C McNabb, Sylvain Bouchigny, H. Denizli, M. Guidal, M. Battaglieri, J. Hardie, S. Strauch, J. D. Kellie, Z. Krahn, R. Nasseripour, S. Barrow, P. Rossi, R. Dickson, N. Baillie, D. Doughty, V. Gyurjyan, R. Bradford, K. Lukashin, B. E. Stokes, G. S. Adams, H. Bagdasaryan, P. Nadel-Turonski, A. V. Skabelin, K. Joo, A. Cazes, S. Procureur, Maryam Moteabbed, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, L. Guo, M. Ungaro, D. P. Weygand, E. Wolin, N. Hassall, M. Bellis, D. G. Crabb, J. Yun, D. Cords, P. Bosted, A. Yegneswaran, N. Dashyan, Y. Prok, Barry Ritchie, E. De Sanctis, H. S. Jo, S. Niccolai, R. Fatemi, A. V. Vlassov, P. Coltharp, R. W. Gothe, M. M. Ito, K. Y. Kim, M. Osipenko, K. Beard, L. C. Smith, E. Munevar, Kalvir S. Dhuga, B. S. Ishkhanov, O. Pogorelko, M. Khandaker, B. Zhao, F. W. Hersman, W. Kim, G. Niculescu, N. Gevorgyan, L. C. Dennis, B. E. Bonner, H. Avakian, D. Sharov, S. A. Dytman, W. K. Brooks, K. Park, V. P. Kubarovsky, J. Shaw, Michael Wood, K. Hafidi, and V. S. Serov
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Chiral perturbation theory, Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Polarizability, 0103 physical sciences, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract: The spin structure functions g 1 for the proton and the deuteron have been measured over a wide kinematic range in x and Q 2 using 1.6 and 5.7 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons incident upon polarized NH3 and ND3 targets at Jefferson Lab. Scattered electrons were detected in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, for 0.05 Q 2 5 GeV 2 and W 3 GeV . The first moments of g 1 for the proton and deuteron are presented – both have a negative slope at low Q 2 , as predicted by the extended Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn sum rule. The first extraction of the generalized forward spin polarizability of the proton γ 0 p is also reported. This quantity shows strong Q 2 dependence at low Q 2 . Our analysis of the Q 2 evolution of the first moment of g 1 shows agreement in leading order with Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory. However, a significant discrepancy is observed between the γ 0 p data and Chiral Perturbation calculations for γ 0 p , even at the lowest Q 2 .
Published: 2009

2. Elusive Pentaquark Comes into View

Author: K.H. Hicks
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Strong interaction, Bottom quark, Pentaquark, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Strange matter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The proton is made from three quarks, and mesons are made from a quark and antiquark. But what other configurations of quarks and antiquarks can form a particle? From a theoretical standpoint, this question is difficult to answer. Yet new particles with different combinations of quarks keep popping up in experiments. The latest of these, reported by the Large Hadron Collider Beauty (LHCb) Collaboration at CERN, is the pentaquark, a never-before-seen combination of five quarks that consists of a proton and a pair of heavy charm-anticharm quarks [1]. The detection of this particle comes as somewhat of a surprise: although the existence of the pentaquark doesn’t require a revision of the standard model of particle physics, earlier searches for a pentaquark composed of lighter quarks came up empty or detected candidate particles that could not be reproduced [2]. From studying this new form of quark matter, physicists stand to learn more about the complex forces between bound quarks. The concept of multiquark particles is not new [3]. But for decades after the quark model was conceived, only two categories of strongly interacting particles were known: baryons (such as protons and neutrons), consisting of three quarks, and mesons. Only within the past decade have scientists started to observe new particles that do not fit into the quark model, such as the X(3872) [4] and the Zc(3900) (see 17 June 2013 Viewpoint), which are about 4 times heavier than the proton. The Zc(3900) decays into a charm-anticharm meson (called the J/ψ), plus a light meson, suggesting the particle is made from two quarks and two antiquarks. The observation of this four-quark state—or tetraquark—implied that other multiquark states, such as a heavy pentaquark, might exist [5]. The challenge has been looking for them. Rare particles are the proverbial needle in the haystack, as scientists must hunt for them in the copious debris from high-energy collisions. In the LHCb experiment, two protons collide at very high energy, sometimes producing composite particles that have a heavy bottom quark and which stay close to the beam line. The bottom-quark particles go a short distance and then decay into other particles, such as a pentaquark plus a K meson, which are then picked up by a series of detectors. The key step that allowed LHCb’s detector to identify the candidate pentaquark was to only look for products of the bottom-quark particle Λb, which has a lifetime long enough for it to move away from the proton-proton collision point before it decays. Using the Λb decay as a filter, the researchers were able to see two new pentaquarks—or, rather, the products of their decays—sufficiently far from other confounding particle debris. Both pentaquarks that LHCb has observed are resonant-energy states of the proton and the J/ψ particle and are therefore referred to as “charmonium pentaquarks.” More formally, they are named Pc(4450) and Pc(4380), where the numbers, according to convention, indicate the particles’ masses in mega-electron-volts. A natural question to ask is what other combination of quarks—besides the resonant state of a proton and J/ψ that the LHCb researchers assume—could form a pentaquark resonance? For example, over a decade ago, theorists predicted [6] that a pentaquark could be made from a proton and a φ meson—a pair of strange-antistrange quarks. But experimental searches never uncovered this type of pentaquark. Similarly, a resonant combination of the neutron and a K+ meson, called the Θ+pentaquark, was predicted almost two decades ago. But again, the particle’s existence wasn’t confirmed, despite extensive experimental searches. (The exception was a claim by the Laser Electron Photon experiment in Japan that has been hotly contested [2].) In fact, there are many combinations of quarks that can form a pentaquark, but the only one seen so far is the charmonium pentaquark found by LHCb. What makes it so special? The short answer is we don’t know. The forces between quarks are complex, and accurately describing a manyquark system using the theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is an extremely difficult
Published: 2015

3. Cascade photo production at CLAS

Author: K.H. Hicks and John Goetz
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Quark model, Detector, Omega, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Cascade, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Photon beam, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The famous discovery of the Omega − in 1964 put the quark model on firm ground and since then a lot of effort has been spent on mapping out the baryonic and mesonic states. Over the following decades, many excited baryons with light quarks (up, down and strange) have been measured, but by most predictions, only a small percentage of those expected have been found. In this talk, I will discuss a newly developing technique using an (unflavored) photon beam to excite protons to doubly-strange "Cascade" (Xi) states. Advantages of such an experiment and associated difficulties will be presented, along with recent results from the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab in Virginia.
Published: 2014

4. The CLAS drift chamber system

Author: S. Dytman, Daniel S. Carman, G. Jacobs, S. Christo, S. E. Kuhn, R. Miskimen, M. Kossov, K.G. Vansyoc, J. W C McNabb, D. Tilles, C. Martin, W.S. Duncan, James Mueller, F. Roudot, R. A. Schumacher, R. A. Thompson, R. J. Feuerbach, G.R. Wilkin, Michael Vineyard, J. Yun, Avraham Klein, A. Yegneswaran, W. Tuzel, G. E. Dodge, F. Barbosa, B. B. Niczyporuk, V. Gyurjyan, R. W. Major, T. Dooling, M. D. Mestayer, B. A. Raue, B. Asavapibhop, R. Magahiz, Larry Weinstein, J.E. O'Meara, D. J. Tedeschi, P. Bonneau, C. E. Hyde-Wright, Friedrich Klein, R. S. Hicks, T McGuckin, J. Robb, K.H. Hicks, L. M. Qin, and Gerard Gilfoyle
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Electromagnet, Spectrometer, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Tracking (particle physics), Linear particle accelerator, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Planar, law, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at 12 GeV (CLAS12) is located in Hall B, one of the experimental halls at Jefferson Lab. The forward part of CLAS12 is built around a superconducting toroidal magnet. The six coils of the toroid divide the detector azimuthally into six sectors. Each sector contains three multi-layer drift chambers for reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles originating from a fixed target. Each of the 18 planar chambers has two “superlayers” of six layers each, with the wires in the two adjacent superlayers oriented at ± 6 ° stereo angles. Each layer has 112 hexagonal cells spanning a range from about 5 ° to 40 ° in polar angle. The six-layer structure provides redundancy in track segment finding and good tracking efficiency even in the presence of some individual wire inefficiency. The design, construction, operation, and calibration methods are described, and estimates of the efficiency and resolution are presented from in-beam measurements.
Published: 2000

5. Laser polarized muonic 3He and spin dependent μ− capture

Author: P. Bogorad, Albert Young, D. Tupa, H. Middleton, R. Holmes, P. Michaux, Paul Souder, J.C. Huang, J. McCracken, David A. Siegel, B. Larson, O. Häusser, X. Wang, Gordon D. Cates, K.H. Hicks, A. Gorelov, W. J. Cummings, Wolfgang Lorenzon, M. D. Hasinoff, E.J. Brash, K. S. Kumar, and E. Saettler
Subjects: Pseudoscalar, Nuclear physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, law, Atomic physics, Laser, Instrumentation, Spin-½, law.invention, Polarized target
Abstract: We have developed an apparatus that can polarize muonic 3He and detect the triton from the reaction μ− + 3He → ν + 3H. With this apparatus, we have measured the vector analyzing power of the reaction. This technique promises to provide a good test of QCD.
Published: 1998

6. Measurement of Single and Double Spin Asymmetries in Deep Inelastic Pion Electroproduction with a Longitudinally Polarized Target

Author: Latifa Elouadrhiri, C. A. Meyer, K. P. Adhikari, E. Seder, K. Livingston, N. Dashyan, Y. Prok, H. S. Jo, P. Collins, P. Eugenio, M. Mayer, V. Kuznetsov, S. Niccolai, Daniel S. Carman, M. J. Amaryan, Y. Ilieva, R. G. Fersch, Z. W. Zhao, A. Deur, N. Guler, G. E. Dodge, H. Baghdasaryan, M. Guidal, H. Moutarde, J. Zhang, P. Rossi, P. Konczykowski, J. Salamanca, J. Ball, F. X. Girod, S. Park, Larry Weinstein, H. Seraydaryan, B. Vernarsky, D. Heddle, I. Niculescu, S. Procureur, D. Protopopescu, Michael Vineyard, B. Morrison, D. P. Watts, E. De Sanctis, S. Dhamija, Y. G. Sharabian, D. Martinez, S. Fegan, R. A. Schumacher, V. Crede, S. Stepanyan, R. Dickson, E. Voutier, M. Aghasyan, M. Taiuti, R. W. Gothe, B. Dey, N. Markov, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, L. Guo, D. Doughty, M. Ungaro, D. Keller, R. Nasseripour, J. W. Price, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, M. R. Niroula, A. El Alaoui, B. A. Raue, M. Y. Gabrielyan, T. A. Forest, P. Nadel-Turonski, B. Zhao, S. Tkachenko, G. Ricco, Philip L. Cole, Avraham Klein, M. Ripani, T. Mineeva, S. S. Jawalkar, M. S. Saini, G. Rosner, G. Gavalian, D. J. Tedeschi, Friedrich Klein, I. Bedlinskiy, P. Bosted, E. Munevar, B. Moreno, M. Mirazita, M. Holtrop, C. Salgado, A. Daniel, Chaden Djalali, D. G. Crabb, S. E. Kuhn, M. E. McCracken, M. Anghinolfi, L. Casey, K. Moriya, N. Hassall, C. Hanretty, Y. Perrin, F. Sabatié, W. J. Briscoe, Victor Mokeev, K. Joo, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, H. Y. Lu, D. P. Weygand, M. Battaglieri, M. Osipenko, W. Kim, G. Niculescu, A. I. Ostrovidov, K. Park, D. G. Ireland, P. Khetarpal, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, A. Fradi, R. De Vita, R. Suleiman, S. Pisano, K.H. Hicks, D. I. Sober, P. Stoler, K. A. Griffioen, S. Strauch, R. Paremuzyan, Gerard Gilfoyle, D. Sokhan, B. McKinnon, D. Branford, N. Gevorgyan, H. Avakian, W. K. Brooks, V. P. Kubarovsky, Annalisa D'Angelo, J. McAndrew, Michael Wood, K. Hafidi, E. L. Isupov, W. Gohn, R. Dupre, O. Pogorelko, M. Khandaker, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CLAS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle physics, Meson, DRELL-YAN, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Inelastic scattering, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, DEPENDENCE, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SCATTERING, DISTRIBUTIONS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES, DRELL-YAN, SCATTERING, DISTRIBUTIONS, QUARK, DEPENDENCE, CLAS, QCD, Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, Physics, FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QUARK, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, Deep inelastic scattering, AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES, QCD, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Lepton
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of pions in deep-inelastic scattering off the longitudinally polarized proton. Data have been obtained using a polarized electron beam of 5.7 GeV with the CLAS detector at the Jefferson Lab (JLab). Modulations of single spin asymmetries over the azimuthal angle between lepton scattering and hadron production planes phi have been measured over a wide kinematic range in Bjorken x and virtual photon squared four-momentum Q(2). A significant nonzero sin2 phi single spin asymmetry was observed for the first time indicating strong spin-orbit correlations for transversely polarized quarks in the longitudinally polarized proton.
Published: 2010

7. Search for a light neutral boson associated with beta decay

Author: K.H. Hicks and D. Alburger
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Decay scheme, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Bremsstrahlung, Scalar boson, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, Double beta decay, Beta particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Boson
Abstract: A gamma-gamma coincidence measurement was performed in order to search for a neutral scalar particle associated with beta decay with a mass near 17 keV. The measurement used a 35 S source and two LEPS-type Ge detectors. A coincidence signal above the background generated by random bremsstrahlung coincidences would be a signature of the two-photon decay of a light neutral scalar particle. No evidence was found for such a particle with a mass near 17 keV with a lifetime shorter than 1 nanosecond.
Published: 1992

8. Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances from CLAS data on single pion electroproduction

Author: L. Guo, M. Ungaro, D. P. Watts, H. Egiyan, L. C. Smith, E. Munevar, B. S. Ishkhanov, R. Nasseripour, R. A. Schumacher, P. Nadel-Turonski, D. Keller, M. E. McCracken, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, Daniel S. Carman, A. Deur, Gerard Gilfoyle, M. Y. Gabrielyan, P. Eugenio, O. Pogorelko, J. Zhang, F. X. Girod, V. E. Kuznetsov, H. Seraydaryan, Philip L. Cole, J. Salamanca, M. Khandaker, R. Dupré, Y. Ilieva, D. Sokhan, M. R. Niroula, T. A. Forest, F. Sabatié, Nikolay Shvedunov, Latifa Elouadrhiri, H. S. Jo, C. A. Meyer, B. Morrison, S. Procureur, S. Niccolai, N. Hassall, M. Bellis, A. I. Ostrovidov, K. Park, S. L. Careccia, G. V. Fedotov, B. McKinnon, B. Zhao, Friedrich Klein, J. Ball, Avraham Klein, C. Hanretty, V. Batourine, S. E. Kuhn, E. Golovatch, Charles Hyde, E. L. Isupov, D. G. Ireland, M. Taiuti, S. Park, Victor Mokeev, D. Branford, K. Joo, S. Fegan, S. S. Jawalkar, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, Chaden Djalali, M. Osipenko, Inna Aznauryan, M. S. Saini, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, C. Bookwalter, M. Anghinolfi, D. Heddle, M. Battaglieri, J. T. Goetz, V. Crede, M. Mirazita, J. W. Price, B. A. Raue, R. Suleiman, D. P. Weygand, S. Dhamija, H. Avakian, E. De Sanctis, D. I. Sober, G. Ricco, K. Moriya, R. W. Gothe, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, M. Mayer, R. De Vita, T. Mineeva, W. J. Briscoe, S. Pisano, Igor Strakovsky, K.H. Hicks, I. Niculescu, J. R. Johnstone, Laird Kramer, Y. Prok, H. Moutarde, Barry Ritchie, H. Y. Lu, D. J. Tedeschi, I. Bedlinskiy, S. Strauch, Larry Weinstein, M. Holtrop, W. Kim, G. Niculescu, P. Khetarpal, W. Gohn, Michael L. Williams, C. S. Nepali, L. Zana, G. Rosner, M. Ripani, B. Moreno, D. Protopopescu, S. Pozdniakov, K. Livingston, M. Guidal, P. Rossi, A. Daniel, P. Stoler, S. Tkachenko, R. Dickson, B. Dey, D. Doughty, W. K. Brooks, A. El Alaoui, J. McAndrew, Michael Wood, K. Hafidi, V. P. Kubarovsky, Annalisa D'Angelo, P. Collins, Michael Vineyard, K. P. Adhikari, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CLAS, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Roper resonance, Particle physics, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS, RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL, LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS, GAMMA-ASTERISK, NEUTRAL PIONS, HIGH-ENERGIES, REGION, PHOTOPRODUCTION, Q2, MESONS, Delta baryon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS, RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL, LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS, GAMMA-ASTERISK, NEUTRAL PIONS, HIGH-ENERGIES, REGION, PHOTOPRODUCTION, Q2, MESONS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: We present results on the electroexcitation of the low mass resonances Delta(1232)P33, N(1440)P11, N(1520)D13, and N(1535)S11 in a wide range of Q2. The results were obtained in the comprehensive analysis of JLab-CLAS data on differential cross sections, longitudinally polarized beam asymmetries, and longitudinal target and beam-target asymmetries for pion electroproduction off the proton. The data were analysed using two conceptually different approaches, fixed-t dispersion relations and a unitary isobar model, allowing us to draw conclusions on the model sensitivity of the obtained electrocoupling amplitudes. The amplitudes for the Delta(1232)P33} show the importance of a meson-cloud contribution to quantitatively explain the magnetic dipole strength, as well as the electric and scalar quadrupole transitions. They do not show any tendency of approaching the pQCD regime for Q2 N(1520)D13 and N(1535)S11 longitudinal helicity amplitudes with good precision., 23 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2009
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9. Light Vector Mesons in the Nuclear Medium

Author: V. Crede, S. McAleer, L. Blaszczyk, J. R. Calarco, B. L. Berman, E. De Sanctis, S. Tkachenko, M. Taiuti, R. A. Schumacher, Michael Wood, A. I. Ostrovidov, G. Asryan, C. I O Gordon, K. Hafidi, K. Park, C. Paterson, J. W. Price, O. P. Dzyubak, R. A. Niyazov, V. S. Serov, L. C. Dennis, D. G. Ireland, B. G. Ritchie, B. E. Stokes, J. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, M. J. Amaryan, H. Avakian, M. MacCormick, I. Hleiqawi, Volker D. Burkert, G. S. Adams, S. L. Careccia, A. S. Biselli, S. Stepanyan, D. Sharov, A. V. Vlassov, Philip L. Cole, Larry Weinstein, J. Pierce, Avraham Klein, Chaden Djalali, K.H. Hicks, D. J. Tedeschi, K. Joo, Sylvain Bouchigny, G. S. Mutchler, Michael Dugger, W. Kim, Gerard Gilfoyle, D. Sokhan, H. S. Jo, K. S. Egiyan, J. Hardie, Friedrich Klein, J. P. Cummings, Laird Kramer, K. Livingston, S. A. Dytman, W. K. Brooks, B. Carnahan, S. Niccolai, H. O. Funsten, P. Collins, Ulrich Mosel, Z. W. Zhao, I. Bedlinskiy, H. G. Juengst, G. Niculescu, R. Nasseripour, K. Mikhailov, R. A. Miskimen, B. McKinnon, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, D. G. Jenkins, P. Coltharp, Hall Crannell, A.V. Stavinsky, P. Eugenio, R. W. Gothe, V. Sapunenko, M. Bektasoglu, C. Salgado, Dinko Pocanic, M. M. Ito, D. Branford, V. Gyurjyan, P. Khetarpal, A. Fradi, M. Holtrop, M. Kossov, J. M. Laget, D. P. Weygand, Y. Ilieva, V. P. Kubarovsky, R. De Vita, L. C. Smith, E. Munevar, G. E. Dodge, B. S. Ishkhanov, P. Nadel-Turonski, H. Bagdasaryan, P. V. Degtyarenko, N. Guler, S. E. Kuhn, Federico Ronchetti, J. J. Melone, K. Moriya, C. Hanretty, I. Niculescu, D. Lawrence, J. D. Kellie, Victor Mokeev, J. R. Johnstone, L. Guo, M. Ungaro, Latifa Elouadrhiri, G. Rosner, J. Lachniet, A. Tkabladze, M. Guidal, A. Yegneswaran, R. C. Minehart, S. Barrow, C. Tur, P. Rossi, J. Langheinrich, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, J. Zhang, C. A. Meyer, S. Mehrabyan, F. X. Girod, Baile Zhang, G. V. Fedotov, G. Gavalian, R. S. Hakobyan, R. Dickson, M. Ripani, L. El Fassi, D. Doughty, Z. Krahn, N. Benmouna, G. Riccardi, B. A. Raue, M. Osipenko, C. Butuceanu, Tsutomu Mibe, L. Cheng, Shifeng Chen, N. Baillie, Daniel S. Carman, F. Sabatié, Nikolay Shvedunov, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, D. Protopopescu, G. Ricco, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, E. Wolin, C. E. Hyde-Wright, O. Pogorelko, J. Ball, N. Kalantarians, M. Khandaker, D. G. Crabb, M. Nozar, B. Zhao, H. Denizli, H. Y. Lu, J. T. Goetz, F. W. Hersman, M. Mirazita, Elton Smith, N. Dashyan, James Mueller, Alexei V. Klimenko, Y. Prok, I. I. Strakovsky, Y. G. Sharabian, P. Muehlich, A. Deur, Ji Li, M. D. Mestayer, R. J. Feuerbach, E. L. Isupov, Michael L. Williams, Maryam Moteabbed, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, S. Boiarinov, B. M. Preedom, Lorenzo Zana, J. P. Santoro, M. Battaglieri, D. P. Watts, H. Egiyan, Gerald Feldman, N. A. Baltzell, N. Markov, R. Bradford, K. A. Griffioen, N. Hassall, M. Bellis, J. Salamanca, P. Mattione, J. W C McNabb, M. Anghinolfi, L. Casey, B. B. Niczyporuk, Michael Vineyard, N. Pivnyuk, W. J. Briscoe, L. Todor, S. A. Morrow, S. Strauch, P. Ambrozewicz, P. Stoler, D. I. Sober, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CLAS, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Rho meson, Meson, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, light vector mesons, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chiral symmetry, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, ENHANCEMENT, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, 11.30.Rd, 14.40.Cs, 24.85.+p, QCD SUM-RULES, Invariant mass, RHO-MESON, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, in-medium modifications, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, AU COLLISIONS, QCD sum rules, CEBAF, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QCD SUM-RULES, RHO-MESON, SPECTRAL-FUNCTION, AU COLLISIONS, OMEGA-MESONS, MATTER, CLAS, ENHANCEMENT, SYSTEM, CEBAF, Nuclear matter, SPECTRAL-FUNCTION, Deuterium, Mass spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MATTER, SYSTEM, OMEGA-MESONS
Abstract: The light vector mesons ($\rho$, $\omega$, and $\phi$) were produced in deuterium, carbon, titanium, and iron targets in a search for possible in-medium modifications to the properties of the $\rho$ meson at normal nuclear densities and zero temperature. The vector mesons were detected with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) via their decays to $e^{+}e^{-}$. The rare leptonic decay was chosen to reduce final-state interactions. A combinatorial background was subtracted from the invariant mass spectra using a well-established event-mixing technique. The $\rho$ meson mass spectrum was extracted after the $\omega$ and $\phi$ signals were removed in a nearly model-independent way. Comparisons were made between the $\rho$ mass spectra from the heavy targets ($A > 2$) with the mass spectrum extracted from the deuterium target. With respect to the $\rho$-meson mass, we obtain a small shift compatible with zero. Also, we measure widths consistent with standard nuclear many-body effects such as collisional broadening and Fermi motion., Comment: 15 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2008

10. Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries

Author: G. Niculescu, Gerard Gilfoyle, K. Livingston, L. Blaszczyk, S. Tkachenko, I. I. Strakovsky, A. Deur, D. Sokhan, J. Donnelly, G. Asryan, O. P. Dzyubak, A. V. Vlassov, M. Taiuti, K. S. Egiyan, K. Mikhailov, T. Lee, Atilla Gonenc, G. E. Dodge, R. W. Gothe, J. W. Price, M. Guidal, P. Rossi, R. Dickson, V. Crede, D. Doughty, P. V. Degtyarenko, Daniel S. Carman, Alexei V. Klimenko, J. R. Calarco, M. Mazouz, R. Miskimen, J. Salamanca, Lorenzo Zana, J. Kuhn, M. Ripani, Philip L. Cole, J. P. Santoro, Y. Prok, Z. Krahn, Hovanes Egiyan, B. A. Raue, D. P. Watts, Barry Ritchie, O. Pogorelko, M. Khandaker, V. Batourine, C. Butuceanu, G. Ricco, I. Niculescu, R. A. Niyazov, H. Y. Lu, Friedrich Klein, D. Lawrence, E. Wolin, Z. W. Zhao, N. Markov, Elton Smith, Gerald Feldman, B. McKinnon, J. Ball, S. A. Morrow, N. Baillie, R. De Masi, J. P. Ball, M. Nozar, P. Eugenio, B. Zhao, D. Protopopescu, C. E. Hyde, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, D. Branford, P. Stoler, Michael Wood, R. A. Schumacher, E. De Sanctis, M. J. Amaryan, J. M. Laget, K. Hafidi, P. Ambrozewicz, M. MacCormick, Y. Ilieva, B. Michel, V. S. Serov, D. G. Crabb, J. Langheinrich, E. Voutier, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, R. De Vita, I. Hleiqawi, M. Osipenko, M. Kossov, S. L. Careccia, B. E. Stokes, N. Guler, Sylvain Bouchigny, S. Bültmann, Tsutomu Mibe, M. Anghinolfi, M. R. Niroula, N. Dashyan, F. W. Hersman, L. C. Smith, E. Munevar, S. Stepanyan, L. Casey, K.H. Hicks, K. Joo, Y. G. Sharabian, Larry Weinstein, J. Pierce, Avraham Klein, Latifa Elouadrhiri, D. J. Tedeschi, B. L. Berman, B. S. Ishkhanov, I. Bedlinskiy, N. A. Baltzell, C. A. Meyer, V. P. Kubarovsky, G. V. Fedotov, Laird Kramer, P. Collins, David Jenkins, J. D. Kellie, B. B. Niczyporuk, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, C. Hanretty, M. Holtrop, C. Paterson, V. Sapunenko, Michael Vineyard, H. Avakian, D. Sharov, N. Pivnyuk, Dinko Pocanic, D. P. Weygand, W. J. Briscoe, H. S. Jo, K. A. Griffioen, A. I. Ostrovidov, K. Park, D. G. Ireland, S. E. Kuhn, M. D. Mestayer, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, S. Niccolai, E. L. Isupov, Michael L. Williams, W. K. Brooks, S. Boiarinov, C. Tur, G. Rosner, P. Coltharp, Victor Mokeev, J. R. Johnstone, Shifeng Chen, J. Lachniet, M. M. Ito, L. Guo, P. Mattione, A. Tkabladze, J. T. Goetz, V. Gyurjyan, M. Mirazita, M. Ungaro, J. Zhang, F. X. Girod, S. Strauch, L. El Fassi, R. Nasseripour, P. Nadel-Turonski, D. I. Sober, G. S. Mutchler, H. Bagdasaryan, M. Bellis, S. Procureur, Maryam Moteabbed, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. Gavalian, M. Battaglieri, N. Benmouna, R. Bradford, Chaden Djalali, Michael Dugger, H. O. Funsten, K. Moriya, Carlos A. Salgado, L. Cheng, F. Sabatié, Nikolay Shvedunov, A. Yegneswaran, N. Kalantarians, H. G. Juengst, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, A.V. Stavinsky, W. Kim, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CLAS, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Quark, Particle physics, Photon, Proton, media_common.quotation_subject, HERA, General Physics and Astronomy, Parton, Kinematics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, NUCLEON, HERA, NUCLEON, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, 12.40.Vv,13.40.Gp,13.60.Fz,13.60.Hb,13.60.-r,14.20.Dh,24.85.+p, PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: 1 tex file (6 pages), 4 (eps) figures; The beam spin asymmetries in the hard exclusive electroproduction of photons on the proton (ep -> epg) were measured over a wide kinematic range and with high statistical accuracy. These asymmetries result from the interference of the Bethe-Heitler process and of deeply virtual Compton scattering. Over the whole kinematic range (x_B from 0.11 to 0.58, Q^2 from 1 to 4.8 GeV^2, -t from 0.09 to 1.8 GeV^2), the azimuthal dependence of the asymmetries is compatible with expectations from leading-twist dominance, A = a*sin(phi)/[1+c*cos(phi)]. This extensive set of data can thus be used to constrain significantly the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the valence quark sector.
Published: 2008

11. The nuclear spin response to intermediate energy protons

Author: V. R. Cupps, R. Jeppeson, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, R.S. Henderson, R.W. Fergerson, W. Unkelbach, K.W Jones, J. Wambach, D. Beatty, R. D. Smith, L. Bimbot, S. Nanda, A. Green, Chaden Djalali, B. Castel, A. Willis, O. Häusser, M. Morlet, Michel Vetterli, Charles Glashausser, J. Lisantti, R. Sawafta, R. Abegg, K. P. Jackson, S. Yen, and F. T. Baker
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Intermediate energy, Scattering, Proton scattering, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear structure, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin (physics), Lower energy, Excitation
Abstract: Measurements of the spin-flip probability S nn for inclusive inelastic proton scattering around 300 MeV from nuclei between 12 C and 90 Zr show that an enhanced spin response near 40 MeV excitation at q ∼ 100 MeV/ c is a general feature of nuclear structure. Data for 40 Ca at 800 MeV confirm that the enhancement is not a peculiarity of 300 MeV scattering. In addition, measurements in 44 Ca up to 75 MeV show that the enhancement cannot be attributed solely to a relatively narrow resonance. Continuum RPA calculations suggest that the enhancement is due to the exhaustion of most S = 0 strength at lower energy and a shift of S = 1 strength to higher energy.
Published: 1990

12. Measurement of Two- and Three-Nucleon Short-Range Correlation Probabilities in Nuclei

Author: D. Doughty, J. Langheinrich, E. Pasyuk, P. Nadel-Turonski, L. M. Qin, Tsutomu Mibe, K. Mikhailov, Y. Prok, H. Denizli, M. Klusman, N. A. Baltzell, V. Batourine, B. Carnahan, K. A. Griffioen, K. S. Egiyan, P. Coltharp, G. Ricco, Victor Mokeev, R. A. Schumacher, C. Bultuceanu, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Michael Dugger, K. Park, Daniel S. Carman, H. O. Funsten, Friedrich Klein, S. Tkachenko, L. Guo, M. Ungaro, M. Osipenko, F. Sabatié, S. Bültmann, T. A. Forest, Bernhard Mecking, V. P. Kubarovsky, K. V. Dharmawardane, C. E. Hyde-Wright, J. Donnelly, G. Asryan, O. P. Dzyubak, M. M. Ito, P. Eugenio, M. Taiuti, S. Stepanyan, J. D. Kellie, B. E. Stokes, C. Peterson, G. S. Adams, Alexei V. Klimenko, R. Miskimen, Sergey Kuleshov, M. Bektasoglu, J. Pierce, R. J. Feuerbach, A. Empl, O. Pogorelko, Avraham Klein, L. C. Dennis, P. Corvisiero, K. Joo, L. C. Smith, Elton Smith, B. E. Bonner, R. A. Niyazov, J. Yun, M. Battaglieri, D. J. Tedeschi, H. Avakian, M. Guidal, Barry Ritchie, J. R. Calarco, B. S. Ishkhanov, N. Guler, E. De Sanctis, Federico Ronchetti, David Jenkins, A. Yegneswaran, R. Bradford, G. Gavalian, R. DeVita, J. W C McNabb, Hall Crannell, F. W. Hersman, P. Stoler, M. Anghinolfi, M. Holtrop, W. Kim, James Mueller, N. Benmouna, M. Ripani, Latifa Elouadrhiri, S. Strauch, P. L. Cole, J. Lachniet, E. Golovatch, D. I. Sober, R. C. Minehart, C. A. Meyer, Michael Vineyard, P. D. Rubin, G. E. Dodge, A. Tkabladze, Y. G. Sharabian, G. V. Fedotov, G. Rosner, B. B. Niczyporuk, Misak Sargsian, M. Bellis, P. Dragovitsch, D. Rowntree, Mark Strikman, P. V. Degtyarenko, R. Fatemi, J. Zhang, R. Suleiman, S. Taylor, G. Niculescu, S. A. Dytman, N. Pivnyuk, V. Sapunenko, Dinko Pocanic, A. V. Vlassov, J. Hu, D. P. Weygand, J. Kuhn, T. Lee, G. S. Mutchler, I. Niculescu, S. Niccolai, L. C. Maximon, M. Khandaker, Roy Thompson, S. E. Kuhn, D. Lawrence, S. A. Morrow, C. Djalali, M. Guillo, C. Tur, J. Hardie, J. Shaw, Shifeng Chen, R. W. Gothe, P. Ambrozewicz, M. D. Mestayer, H. Egiyan, W. K. Brooks, K. Y. Kim, A.V. Stavinsky, J. T. Goetz, E. Polli, V. Gyurjyan, Marco A. Huertas, Michael Wood, V. S. Serov, Michael L. Williams, Sylvain Bouchigny, I. Bedlinskiy, S. Boiarinov, B. M. Preedom, Lorenzo Zana, J. P. Santoro, H. S. Jo, C. Salgado, A. I. Ostrovidov, D. G. Ireland, Gerard Gilfoyle, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, B. McKinnon, H. G. Juengst, K.H. Hicks, D. Branford, M. Mirazita, J. M. Laget, N. Gevorgyan, Laird Kramer, N. Baillie, E. Wolin, J. P. Ball, D. G. Crabb, Kwangsoo Kim, Jim Napolitano, G. Riccardi, B. A. Raue, N. Dashyan, I. Hleiqawi, S. L. Careccia, K. L. Giovanetti, B. Asavapibhop, Larry Weinstein, S. McAleer, F. X. Girod, Y. Ilieva, Hovhannes Baghdasaryan, J. W. Price, J. P. Cummings, Rakhsha Nasseripour, L. Todor, D. Protopopescu, S. Pozdniakov, G. V. O'Rielly, K. Livingston, and P. Rossi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Helium-4, Scattering, Helium-3, Carbon-12, General Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear force, Electron, Atomic physics, Nucleon, Electron scattering
Abstract: The ratios of inclusive electron scattering cross sections of {sup 4}He, {sup 12}C, and {sup 56}Fe to {sup 3}He have been measured at 1 1.4 GeV{sup 2}, the ratios exhibit two separate plateaus, at 1.5 2.25. This pattern is predicted by models that include 2- and 3-nucleon short-range correlations (SRC). Relative to A=3, the per-nucleon probabilities of 3-nucleon SRC are 2.3, 3.1, and 4.4 times larger for A=4, 12, and 56. This is the first measurement of 3-nucleon SRC probabilities in nuclei.
Published: 2006

13. MEASUREMENT OF DEEPLY VIRTUAL COMPTON SCATTERING WITH A POLARIZED PROTON TARGET

Author: B. E. Bonner, H. Avakian, Marco A. Huertas, D. Doughty, Sylvain Bouchigny, Daniel S. Carman, P. Rossi, S. Barrow, W. J. Briscoe, V. Batourine, C. E. Hyde-Wright, S. A. Dytman, P. Nadel-Turonski, Tsutomu Mibe, Y. Ilieva, B. Carnahan, Sergey Kuleshov, Ji Li, M. Bektasoglu, E. Wolin, M. Ripani, M. Nozar, R. J. Feuerbach, P. Coltharp, A. V. Vlassov, M. D. Mestayer, J. Langheinrich, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, S. A. Philips, M. Khandaker, E. L. Isupov, V. Sapunenko, J. Kuhn, B. McKinnon, J. P. Ball, Y. Prok, M. M. Ito, Michael L. Williams, J. Shaw, Michael Wood, S. Strauch, A. I. Ostrovidov, A. C S Lima, L. Todor, S. Boiarinov, K. Hafidi, D. Protopopescu, Friedrich Klein, D. J. Tedeschi, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, B. L. Berman, H. Y. Lu, D. Branford, M. Guidal, R. W. Gothe, D. G. Ireland, D. G. Crabb, L. M. Qin, Hall Crannell, V. S. Serov, M. Mirazita, J. M. Laget, A. Yegneswaran, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, K. Y. Kim, G. Rosner, K. Park, M. Bellis, R. Nasseripour, M. Holtrop, C. Paterson, R. Suleiman, G. S. Mutchler, K.H. Hicks, D. P. Watts, H. Egiyan, N. A. Baltzell, M. Klusman, Michael Vineyard, M. Osipenko, F. Sabatié, Laird Kramer, K. A. Griffioen, B. E. Stokes, P. Stoler, B. M. Preedom, N. Markov, V. Crede, G. S. Adams, K. Beard, L. C. Smith, M. Amarian, Lorenzo Zana, J. P. Santoro, B. S. Ishkhanov, P. Eugenio, Federico Ronchetti, V. P. Kubarovsky, J. R. Calarco, Kalvir S. Dhuga, Nikolay Shvedunov, H. Hakobyan, R. A. Schumacher, M. Taiuti, H. S. Jo, W. Kim, G. Niculescu, Gerard Gilfoyle, M. R. Niroula, M. MacCormick, I. Hleiqawi, S. L. Careccia, J. D. Kellie, U. Thoma, Gerald Feldman, C. Salgado, N. Guler, S. Niccolai, M. Battaglieri, P. Collins, N. Natasha, E. De Sanctis, K. L. Giovanetti, S. Bültmann, L. Morand, Larry Weinstein, T. A. Forest, D. I. Sober, R. Fatemi, S. Stepanyan, N. Baillie, J. Hardie, K. S. Egiyan, R. Bradford, K. Lukashin, J. Pierce, Avraham Klein, B. Zhao, G. E. Dodge, E. Golovatch, K. Mikhailov, P. V. Degtyarenko, P. Bosted, I. Niculescu, D. Lawrence, A. Cazes, Maryam Moteabbed, Bernhard Mecking, R. De Masi, F. W. Hersman, C. D. Keith, K. V. Dharmawardane, S. Tkachenko, J. Donnelly, G. Asryan, O. P. Dzyubak, R. A. Niyazov, Kwangsoo Kim, G. Riccardi, B. A. Raue, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Chaden Djalali, C. Butuceanu, Michael Dugger, H. O. Funsten, P. Corvisiero, H. G. Juengst, G. Gavalian, H. Denizli, N. Benmouna, A.V. Stavinsky, I. Bedlinskiy, A. V. Skabelin, Marc Vanderhaeghen, Barry Ritchie, Victor Mokeev, L. Guo, M. Ungaro, Latifa Elouadrhiri, K. Joo, R. C. Minehart, C. A. Meyer, J. Yun, D. Cords, G. V. Fedotov, D. P. Weygand, J. Zhang, M. Guillo, H. Bagdasaryan, I. I. Strakovsky, A. Deur, W. K. Brooks, J. Lachniet, A. Tkabladze, D. Rowntree, G. V. O'Rielly, R. S. Hakobyan, L. El Fassi, Z. W. Zhao, D. G. Jenkins, B. B. Niczyporuk, P. L. Cole, S. McAleer, F. X. Girod, N. Pivnyuk, D. Heddle, J. Napolitano, Giovanni Ricco, Atilla Gonenc, J. W. Price, O. Pogorelko, R. Miskimen, R. DeVita, J. W C McNabb, S. A. Morrow, P. Ambrozewicz, Shifeng Chen, J. P. Cummings, M. Kossov, I. Popa, J. T. Goetz, E. Polli, V. Gyurjyan, Dinko Pocanic, S. E. Kuhn, C. Tur, Elton Smith, M. Anghinolfi, James Mueller, P. D. Rubin, Y. G. Sharabian, K. Livingston, L. C. Dennis, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CLAS, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photon, Proton, Nuclear Theory, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, NUCLEON, Spin-½, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, NUCLEON, CLAS, 13.60.Fz, 13.60.Hb, 14.20.Dh, Nucleon
Abstract: The longitudinal target-spin asymmetry A_UL for the exclusive electroproduction of high energy photons was measured for the first time in p(e,e'p\gamma). The data have been accumulated at Jefferson Lab with the CLAS spectrometer using 5.7 GeV electrons and a longitudinally polarized NH_3 target. A significant azimuthal angular dependence was observed, resulting from the interference of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Bethe-Heitler processes. The amplitude of the sin(phi) moment is 0.252 +/- 0.042(stat) +/- 0.020(sys). Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the magnitude and the kinematic dependence of the target-spin asymmetry, which is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions H and H-tilde., Comment: Modified text slightly, added references
Published: 2006

14. WORKSHOP SUMMARY: EXPERIMENT

Author: K.H. Hicks
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Experimental work, Parity (physics), Pentaquark, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Mathematics
Abstract: A summary of experimental results from the Pentaquark 2004 Workshop held at the SPring-8 facility in Japan is given. New results from the LEPS collaboration are highlighted, and older results are reviewed. Non-observations are also discussed in light of theoretical estimates of possible $\Theta^+$ production mechanisms. The problem of the narrow width and the parity of the $\Theta^+$ are explored and point to future experimental work that is needed., Comment: 8 pages, no figures, proceedings of the Pentaquark 2004 Workshop held at SPring-8 (Japan), July 2004
Published: 2005

15. Experimental Search for Pentaquarks

Author: K.H. Hicks
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Scattering, Null (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, Pentaquark, Positive evidence, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The experimental evidence for pentaquarks, both old an new, is discussed. Constraints due to $K^+N$ scattering data from previous decades is first reviewed, followed by experiments with positive evidence and those with null results. Finally, the problem of the narrow width of the Theta+ pentaquark is discussed, along with theoretical implications., Comment: Review article for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (34 pages)
Published: 2005
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16. Experimental Outlook for the Pentaquark

Author: K.H. Hicks
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Null (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Measure (mathematics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pentaquark, Indirect evidence, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Isospin, Parity (mathematics)
Abstract: A critical look is taken at both positive and null evidence for the $\Theta^+$ pentaquark. Potential problems with experiments will be discussed and the question of what conclusion can be drawn from both the positive and the null results is examined. First the question of existence of the $\Theta^+$ pentaquark is considered, followed by a discussion of new experiments that are either planned or in progress to answer questions about its mass, width and isospin. Finally, indirect evidence for the parity of the $\Theta^+$ is examined, and suggestions for experiments to measure its parity directly are given., Comment: MESON2004 conference proceedings, 10 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2004
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17. Hyperon Photoproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region

Author: G. E. Dodge, Jing Zhao, W. Kim, M. Bellis, K. Park, S. McAleer, P. V. Degtyarenko, K. Kim, R. Miskimen, J. Yun, R. Fatemi, R. J. Feuerbach, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, Hovanes Egiyan, A. V. Vlassov, J. Lachniet, I. Niculescu, D. Rowntree, G. Riccardi, D. Lawrence, R. DeVita, J. W C McNabb, J. W. Price, A. Empl, O. Pogorelko, K. Lukashin, A. Coleman, H. R. Weller, G. Ricco, R. S. Hakobyan, F. W. Hersman, M. Bektasoglu, A. V. Skabelin, G. S. Mutchler, J. J. Manak, Hall Crannell, K. A. Griffioen, G. Gavalian, V. Sapunenko, Valeria Muccifora, S. A. Philips, P. Heimberg, Philip L. Cole, B. E. Bonner, B. M. Preedom, S. A. Morrow, Shalev Gilad, P. Stoler, H. Avakian, K. S. Egiyan, L. C. Smith, G. V. O'Rielly, Gerard Gilfoyle, S. J. Gaff, Baile Zhang, J. J. Melone, K. Mikhailov, David Jenkins, P. Eugenio, Friedrich Klein, R. A. Schumacher, R. S. Hicks, M. Battaglieri, I. I. Strakovsky, C. Marchand, M. Taiuti, K. Sabourov, W. J. Briscoe, B. P. Quinn, S. A. Dytman, C. I O Gordon, D. I. Sober, W. K. Brooks, S. Taylor, M. Osipenko, J. P. Cummings, E. De Sanctis, C. S. Whisnant, J. P. Santoro, L. Morand, K. Y. Kim, T. A. Forest, D. Branford, R. A. Niyazov, M. Ripani, K. Beard, John T. O'Brien, R. Bradford, S. Stepanyan, M. Mirazita, J. M. Laget, L.C. Dennis, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, H. Bagdasaryan, P. Corvisiero, Chaden Djalali, M. Kossov, M. M. Ito, H. Denizli, Kalvir S. Dhuga, A. Weisberg, Sylvain Bouchigny, K. Wang, Avraham Klein, Volker D. Burkert, Federico Ronchetti, C. Butuceanu, Michael Dugger, Y. Kuang, A. S. Biselli, H. O. Funsten, K.H. Hicks, G. S. Adams, M. Guillo, C. Salgado, Patrick Girard, J. Shaw, Rakhsha Nasseripour, K. Joo, S. Strauch, B. B. Niczyporuk, E. Polli, V. Gyurjyan, A. D. Cords, S. O. Nelson, Dinko Pocanic, Michael Wood, U. Thoma, N. Pivnyuk, J. R. Calarco, V. S. Serov, S. E. Kuhn, J. Napolitano, S. Mehrabyan, Ji Li, J. H. Kelley, C. Tur, M. D. Mestayer, Laird Kramer, Alexei V. Klimenko, Elton Smith, B. A. Raue, J. R. Ficenec, Roy Thompson, Barry Ritchie, M. Anghinolfi, E. Wolin, S. Boiarinov, James Mueller, P. D. Rubin, Y. G. Sharabian, J. P. Ball, Y. Prok, M. Eckhause, Latifa Elouadrhiri, R. C. Minehart, C. A. Meyer, C. Cetina, Michael Vineyard, D. G. Crabb, D. P. Weygand, A. Yegneswaran, P. Dragovitsch, S. Niccolai, J. Hardie, A.V. Stavinsky, J. S. McCarthy, J. Hu, B. Carnahan, F. Sabatié, Thierry Auger, B. L. Berman, L. M. Qin, M. Klusman, D. Doughty, D. Heddle, L. Ciciani, Y. Ilieva, S. Simionatto, K. L. Giovanetti, B. Asavapibhop, M. Spraker, Larry Weinstein, Nicola Bianchi, E. Anciant, L. Todor, D. Protopopescu, S. Pozdniakov, Z. L. Zhou, A. Shafi, M. Khandaker, G. A. Peterson, S. Barrow, P. Rossi, E. Pasyuk, D. J. Tedeschi, M. Guidal, G. Niculescu, M. Holtrop, Daniel S. Carman, G. Audit, C. E. Hyde-Wright, M. Nozar, L. Guo, and M. Ungaro
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Hyperon, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda, Lambda baryon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Sigma baryon, Baryon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, PHOTON ENERGIES, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: Cross-sections and recoil polarizations for the reactions gamma + p --> K^+ + Lambda and gamma + p --> K^+ + Sigma^0 have been measured with high statistics and with good angular coverage for center-of-mass energies between 1.6 and 2.3 GeV. In the K^+Lambda channel we confirm a structure near W=1.9 GeV at backward kaon angles, but our data shows a more complex s- and u- channel resonance structure than previously seen. This structure is present at forward and backward angles but not central angles, and its position and width change with angle, indicating that more than one resonance is playing a role. Rising back-angle cross sections at higher energies and large positive polarization at backward angles are consistent with sizable s- or u-channel contributions. None of the model calculations we present can consistently explain these aspects of the data., 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2003
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18. The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS)

Author: B. L. Berman, L. M. Qin, D. Doughty, D. Heddle, M. Klusman, R. C. Minehart, R. J. Feuerbach, P.F. Yergin, D. Tilles, R. A. Schumacher, S. Stepanyan, Avraham Klein, W.S. Duncan, R. Magahiz, J. W. Price, D. J. Tedeschi, C. Riggs, M. Guidal, G. Asryan, Federico Ronchetti, H. Avakian, F. Barbosa, A. Yegneswaran, G. E. Dodge, A. Lake, Thierry Auger, A. K. Opper, P. V. Degtyarenko, I. Niculescu, John T. O'Brien, D. Lawrence, G. Ricco, M. Holtrop, Thomas E. Smith, D. Joyce, W.M. Taylor, Hall Crannell, M. Kossov, E. Golovatch, S. A. Dytman, P. Corvisiero, K. Beard, Philip L. Cole, W. Kim, V. Muccifora, L. Elouadrhiri, N. Bianchi, Barry Ritchie, Robert E. Welsh, J.E. O'Meara, W. Tuzel, Friedrich Klein, R. S. Hicks, A. Coleman, A. Longhi, E. Polli, V. Gyurjyan, M. Witkowski, Bernhard Mecking, Elton Smith, D. I. Sober, W. K. Brooks, J. Gram, E. DeSanctis, V. S. Serov, J. Lachniet, M. Taiuti, M. Anghinolfi, R. Miskimen, V. Frolov, J. Ficenec, James Mueller, M. Battaglieri, D. Kashy, F. Roudot, Y. G. Sharabian, R. DeVita, J. W C McNabb, K. L. Giovanetti, B. Asavapibhop, J. Distelbrink, Larry Weinstein, E. Anciant, L.C. Dennis, S. Taylor, M. M. Ito, J. Connelly, P. Bonneau, C. Martin, G.R. Wilkin, G. S. Adams, Daniel S. Carman, L. C. Smith, J. Yun, D. Cords, G. Audit, David Jenkins, C. E. Hyde-Wright, P. Hemler, S. E. Kuhn, K. Joo, Jim Napolitano, Roy Thompson, G. Riccardi, M. Ripani, A. V. Vlassov, C. Marchand, B. A. Raue, M. Nozar, B. B. Niczyporuk, H. Egiyan, E. Pasyuk, W. J. Briscoe, D. Insley, U. Thoma, Michael Dugger, D. P. Weygand, H. O. Funsten, K. Lukashin, W. R. Dodge, E. Wolin, J. J. Manak, T. Carstens, S. Ahmad, A.V. Stavinsky, G. Jacobs, C. Salgado, J. P. Ball, W. Major, D. G. Crabb, G. Doolittle, L. Y. Murphy, K. S. Egiyan, V. Koubarovski, T.Y. Tung, M. Khandaker, M. Mirazita, S. Barrow, P. Rossi, L. Todor, S. Pozdniakov, M. D. Mestayer, F. W. Hersman, S. Boiarinov, V. Sapunenko, Gerard Gilfoyle, R.C. Cuevas, S. K. Matthews, C. Cetina, Michael Vineyard, S.B. Christo, J. Robb, K.H. Hicks, Laird Kramer, Volker D. Burkert, G. S. Mutchler, M. McMullen, S. A. Philips, and P. Stoler
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Spectrometer, Meson, Particle accelerator, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Carbon–fluorine bond, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) is used to study photo- and electro-induced nuclear and hadronic reactions by providing efficient detection of neutral and charged particles over a good fraction of the full solid angle. A collaboration of about 30 institutions has designed, assembled, and commissioned CLAS in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The CLAS detector is based on a novel six-coil toroidal magnet which provides a largely azimuthal field distribution. Trajectory reconstruction using drift chambers results in a momentum resolution of 0.5% at forward angles. Cherenkov counters, time-of-flight scintillators, and electromagnetic calorimeters provide good particle identification. Fast triggering and high data-acquisition rates allow operation at a luminosity of 10 34 nucleon cm −2 s −1 . These capabilities are being used in a broad experimental program to study the structure and interactions of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using polarized and unpolarized electron and photon beams and targets. This paper is a comprehensive and general description of the design, construction and performance of CLAS.
Published: 2003

19. Letter of intent to build an off-axis detector to study nu(mu) ---> nu(e) oscillations with the NuMI neutrino beam

Author: P. Lucas, Panagiotis Spentzouris, Patrick Huber, J. Schneps, A. De Santo, D. G. Michael, David Petyt, P. Slattery, S. Avvakumov, H. Minakata, H. J. Kang, R. Hatcher, Hiroshi Nunokawa, C. W. Walter, D. S. Ayres, K. S. McFarland, Adam Para, T. Joffe-Minor, T. Kafka, V. J. Guarino, R. Shrock, P. deBarbaro, S. Manly, B. Kayser, Gary Drake, W. Metcalf, R. A. Richards, N.V. Mokhov, V. Makeev, R. L. Talaga, Sacha E Kopp, S. Menary, N. Morgan, P. Shanahan, R. Ray, H. R. Gallagher, N. Tagg, P. Kasper, C. Cueva, G.D. Barr, I. Trostin, D. A. Harris, S.M. Grimes, A. Marchionni, J. Cooper, A. C. Weber, Walter Winter, D. Naples, B. C. Choudhary, W. Sakumoto, Stephen J. Parke, Kirk T. McDonald, H. S. Budd, Stanley G. Wojcicki, P. J. Litchfield, G. Tzanakos, Juergen Thomas, Manfred Lindner, K-B. Luk, D. E. Reyna, K. Ruddick, A. Mann, S. M. Seun, Raymond Lee, V. Scarpino, J. Hylen, E. Blucher, S. Childress, E. Kearns, Marvin L Marshak, K.H. Hicks, David B. Cline, D. Carey, A.K. Opper, Carl H. Albright, F. DeJongh, R. Svoboda, M. C. Goodman, Ken Heller, J. K. Nelson, D.S. Carman, V. Ryabov, Karol Lang, E. A. Peterson, G. F. Pearce, J.H. Cobb, M. Zielinski, K. Lee, S. Geer, J. L. Thron, G. M. Irwin, Philip Harris, C. Bromberg, Kate Scholberg, G. J. Feldman, T. Patzak, C.R. Brune, N. Giokaris, S. Pordes, P. M. Border, A. Bodek, K. M. Heeger, S. M. S. Kasahara, Alexandre Lebedev, Caren Hagner, D. M. DeMuth, Kai Zuber, Thomas R. Chase, N. Pearson, R. Imlay, J. Urheim, Alec Habig, V. Paolone, L. Mualem, and G. Ginther
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MINOS, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, NuMI, Particle detector, Lepton
Abstract: The NuMI neutrino beam line and the MINOS experiment represent a major investment of US High Energy Physics in the area of neutrino physics. The forthcoming results could decisively establish neutrino oscillations as the underlying physics mechanism for the atmospheric $\numu$ deficit and provide a precise measurement of the corresponding oscillation parameters, $\dmsq23$ and $\sinsq2t23$.neutrino sector may well be within our reach. The full potential of the NuMI neutrino beam can be exploited by complementing the MINOS detector, under construction, with a new detector(s) placed at some off-axis position and collecting data in parallel with MINOS. The first phase of the proposed program includes a new detector, optimized for $\nue$ detection, with a fiducial mass of the order of 20 kton and exposed to neutrino and antineutrino beams. In a five year run its sensitivity to the $\numutonue$ oscillations will be at least a factor of ten beyond the current limit. The future direction of the program will depend on the results of this first phase, but it is very likely that it will be a combination of a significant increase of the neutrino beam intensity via an upgraded proton source and an increase of the detector mass by a factor of five or so. Depending on the circumstances, the goals of Phase II may be a further increase of the sensitivity of a search for $\numutonue$ oscillations, or, perhaps, a measurement of the CP violating phase $\delta$ in the lepton sector.
Published: 2002

20. Strangeness Production at CLAS

Author: K.H. Hicks
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Hadron, Hyperon, Strangeness production, Particle accelerator, Strangeness, Lambda baryon, law.invention, Baryon, Nuclear physics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CLAS detector is a large acceptance spectrometer located at the electron accelerator at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Production of K+ and K* mesons along with associated hyperons were measured using the CLAS detector at electron beam energies of 2.4–4.4 GeV. In addition, polarization transfer from the electron helicity to the Λ hyperon was measured. These data are compared with theoretical models, where available, based on fits to older, less precise K+ data. The new data for CLAS indicate that improvements in the models are necessary in order to interpret the results.
Published: 2002

21. Observation of Exclusive Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in Polarized Electron Beam Asymmetry Measurements

Author: K.H. Hicks, M. M. Ito, K. Mikhailov, Laird Kramer, D. J. Tedeschi, M. Guidal, C. Marchand, G. Niculescu, Daijin Kim, V. Sapunenko, M. Holtrop, D. Dore, Patrick Girard, A. Shafi, M. Klusman, L. Yanik, Sylvain Bouchigny, Daniel S. Carman, J. P. Cummings, L. Murphy, R. De Vita, V. S. Serov, A. Yegneswaran, A. Coleman, Gerard Gilfoyle, G. Audit, G. Gavalian, W. Kim, V. Muccifora, K. Park, M. Ripani, S. Whisnant, B. M. Preedom, Robert E. Welsh, I. Popa, K. A. Griffioen, R. A. Schumacher, E. Anciant, P.Y. Bertin, M. Bektasoglu, R. C. Minehart, E. De Sanctis, Elton Smith, G. Feldman, Volker D. Burkert, C. A. Meyer, A. S. Biselli, P. Dragovitsch, G. V. O'Rielly, L. Elouadrhiri, J. R. Calarco, J. Yun, D. Cords, H. Egiyan, E. Polli, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. K. Opper, S. A. Philips, A. Empl, O. Pogorelko, S. O. Nelson, S. Niccolai, D. Rowntree, M. Battaglieri, D. I. Sober, W. K. Brooks, K. Sabourov, A. Longhi, Jing Zhao, L. C. Dennis, B. E. Bonner, J. Hardie, E. Pasyuk, Igor Strakovsky, H. Avakian, L. M. Qin, M. Anghinolfi, James Mueller, L. C. Maximon, M. Khandaker, P. Heimberg, N. Pivnyuk, Pavel Degtiarenko, S. McAleer, R. Fatemi, B.L. Berman, Roy Thompson, A.V. Stavinsky, T. A. Forest, G. A. Peterson, P. D. Rubin, A. V. Vlassov, J. Ficenec, F. Ronchetti, L. Ciciani, R. J. Feuerbach, Mestayer, S. A. Dytman, E. Wolin, S. Simionatto, Avraham Klein, Shalev Gilad, K. Wang, C. Salgado, Dinko Pocanic, K. Beard, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, H. Funsten, K. L. Giovanetti, B. Asavapibhop, J. W. Price, R. Miskimen, J. P. Ball, K. S. Dhuga, P. Stoler, M. Eckhause, Larry Weinstein, D. Doughty, S. E. Kuhn, Charles Hyde, S. Barrow, P. Rossi, K. Lukashin, Hall Crannell, G. Riccardi, D. Heddle, J. S. McCarthy, J. H. Kelley, J. J. Manak, M. Guillo, J. W C McNabb, Yu.G. Sharabian, David A. Jenkins, D. G. Crabb, K. Y. Kim, S. Stepanyan, M. Taiuti, John T. O'Brien, M. Kossov, D. Protopopescu, C. Djalali, Baile Zhang, J. Hu, Barry Ritchie, Kevin Fissum, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, D. Branford, C. Cetina, G. E. Dodge, A.R. Reolon, Z. L. Zhou, M. Mirazita, J. M. Laget, K. Kim, H. R. Weller, J. Shaw, P. Corvisiero, I. Niculescu, D. Lawrence, Jim Napolitano, B. A. Raue, L. Morand, F. W. Hersman, H. Denizli, K. S. Egiyan, Michael Vineyard, V. Gyurjyan, Nicola Bianchi, R. Suleiman, A. V. Skabelin, G. S. Mutchler, S. Boiarinov, R. A. Niyazov, S. Taylor, G. S. Adams, B. Carnahan, F. Sabatié, K. Joo, Thierry Auger, W.J. Briscoe, L. Todor, L. C. Smith, S. J. Gaff, D. P. Weygand, G. Ricco, Philip L. Cole, Moshe Gai, Friedrich Klein, R. S. Hicks, and A. P. Freyberger
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Elastic scattering, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, Compton scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Amplitude, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure), Spin-½, media_common
Abstract: We report the first results of the beam spin asymmetry measured in the reaction e + p -> e + p + gamma at a beam energy of 4.25 GeV. A large asymmetry with a sin(phi) modulation is observed, as predicted for the interference term of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and the Bethe-Heitler process. The amplitude of this modulation is alpha = 0.202 +/- 0.028. In leading-order and leading-twist pQCD, the alpha is directly proportional to the imaginary part of the DVCS amplitude.
Published: 2001

22. MEDIUM EFFECTS ON KNOCKOUT OF DEEPLY BOUND NUCLEONS

Author: L.G. Greeniaus, R. Abegg, D. A. Hutcheon, R. Schubank, M. Ahmad, W.J. McDonald, W.C. Olsen, D. Mack, P. W. Green, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, N. S. Chant, P. Kitching, D. Frekers, and Y. Ye
Subjects: Elastic scattering, Physics, Spinor, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Binding energy, Nuclear Theory, General Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Effective mass (solid-state physics), Quantum electrodynamics, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Wave function, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The analyzing power for quasi-free nucleon-nucleon scattering has been found to differ substantially from that for the free interaction. This medium modification was first noticed in inclusive scattering experiments. In the present work, it has been demonstrated that kinematically complete exclusive measurements are capable of demonstrating this effect more clearly. This advantage arises by virtue of the possibility of selecting nucleons bound in states localized in the nuclear interior. Modification of the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the nuclear medium has been found to be an important aspect of various reactions induced by intermediate energy protons. One of the most direct ways of studying such modifications is quasi-free scattering of nucleons by polarized protons. Inclusive measurements of spin observables in this reaction have yielded some results which depart significantly from expectations based on the free interaction, even after accounting for "obvious" effects such as internal motion of the nucleons and binding energy. It is expected in the context of relativistic mean field theory and suggested by empirical fits of Dirac optical potentials to nuclear elastic scattering data that the potential experienced by a nucleon inside the nucleus includes large attractive Lorentz scaler and repulsive vector terms. It has been pointed out that the large negative scaler potential will reduce the effective mass of the nucleon upon which depend the Dirac spinors between which the nucleon-nucleon matrix elements are evaluated. In particular, the lower components of the spinors are expected to be enhanced. In one model of this effect, some spin observables are predicted to be significantly modified[l]. Most remakably, the analyzing power is substantially reduced. Although such medium effects are diluted in inclusive reactions because of emphasis of the nuclear surface where the density is not large, some indications of this medium effect have been observed[2]. In the investigation of medium effects on the basic interaction, we may expect that exclusive measurements can enjoy some significant advantages. First, the p-p and n-p interactions can be studied separately instead of being averaged together. Also, the half-off-shell kinematic conditions of each scattering event are determined experimentally instead of being averaged over, resulting in more explicit information. Most importantly, because the residual nucleus energy is determined experimentally, knockout from individual nuclear orbitals can be distinguished. To maximize medium effects, we may therefore select events corresponding to knockout from an orbital whose wave function has the bulk of its strength within the nuclear surface. The 1s orbital satisfies this criterion as well as simplifies the interpretation of the data further by precluding any initial effective polarization of the struck nucleon due to distortion effects[3]. Kinematically emphasizing the nuclear interior avoids problems associated with surface-peaked reactions Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990681 COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE such as inclusive quasi-free scattering for example the local density approximation is most suspect near the nuclear surface where the density gradient is large. The capability of the exclusive reaction to emphasize the nuclear interior has been studied theoretically by incorporating into a non-relativistic DWIA calculation[4] the density dependence of Horowitz and Iqbal[l]. The radial dependence was explicitly included by relaxing the usual factorization approximation. It was found that modifications to certain spin observables were indeed predicted to be large as much as a factor of two reduction in A, , for example (see TRIUMF Experimental Proposal 473, C.A. Miller et a1.(1987). In an effort to exploit the advantages of the exclusive reaction, spin observables for knockout of 1s nucleons have been measured for the first time. The choice of a l p shell nucleus, 160 , as well as a beam energy of 500 Mev were defined by the need to minimize the effects of absorption on the final state nucleons. In the first phase of the experiment, the analyzing power A, was determined while in a later run still being analyzed, the spin transfer parameters D,,,, D,,, and P were measured. The experiment was carried out with the polarized proton beam from the TRIUMF cyclotron. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) was used to detect and identify a proton in coincidence with a lower energy proton which was detected in a crude magnetic spectrometer consisting of a dipole magnet with tracking from four vertical-drift chambers. The missing-energy resolution was adequate to easily resolve the 1s knockout from the two p states and to resolve the p states from each other via peak fitti'ng. Analyzing power measurements were done at MRS angles of 20°, 25' and 30' while the spin transfer measurement was done only at 25". In each case, the other detector arm was optimized for minimum recoil momentum at the Is separation energy of 40 MeV. Figure 1 shows analyzing power results for knockout of Is protons from 160 . They are drastically reduced in comparison with the free values shown for the same two-body kinematic conditions. The degree of "quenching" of A, is larger than that found in inclusive measurements as well as expectations based on the density-dependent DWIA calculation mentioned above. Although the optical potentials for 160 used here are only crude, they had little effect on the analyzing power in the absence of the density dependence. A more interesting comparison will be with the new finite-range Dirac-based DWIA calculation which implicitly includes modified Dirac spinors[5]. Analyzing power data for p-state knockout is shown in Figure 2. It reveals the familiar spin-orbit splitting due to the struck nucleon effective polarization induced by final state distortions. Hence it is manifested through the NN spin correlation parameter A,,. The degree of splitting therefore is sensitive to medium modification of this NN observable. However, such interpretation will require careful comparison with a calculation using reliable optical potentials. Preliminayr indications from analysis of a portion of the spin transfer data are that medium modifications are present but not large. However there is a suggestion that the polarization parameter P departs significantly from the analyzing power Ay, an effect not predicted by the nonrelativistic calculations.
Published: 1990

23. Ratio of the isovector effective interaction strengths ‖Jστ/Jτ‖2 between 200 and 450 MeV from the 14C(p, n) 14N reaction

Author: R.L. Helmer, S. Yen, W.P. Alford, O. Häusser, R.E. Azuma, A. Celler, Helmut W. Baer, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, C.D. Zafiratos, D. Frekers, R.S. Henderson, R. Abegg, and K. P. Jackson
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isovector, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Impulse (physics), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The cross section at 0° for the reaction 14 C(p, n) 14 N has been measured at energies of 200, 300, 400 and 450 MeV using a nucleon charge-exchange facility recently commissioned at TRIUMF. Energy resolution of 1 MeV or better was obtained at each energy, permitting a reliable measurement of the cross section ratio for the Gamow-Teller transition to the 1 + state at 3.95 MeV and the Fermi transition to the 0 + state at 2.31 MeV. The deried values of ‖ J στ / J τ ‖ 2 are in clear disagreement with impulse approximation calculations using a free NN t -matrix.
Published: 1986

24. Relativistic medium effects for 208Pb at intermediate energies

Author: F. Farzanpay, Michel Vetterli, J. Lisantti, K.H. Hicks, Z. Tang, M.J. Iqbal, F. E. Bertrand, I. Bergqvist, D.M. Drake, A. Brockstedt, Z. Xu, X.Y. Chen, D.J. Horen, D. K. McDaniels, and L.W. Swenson
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Angular range, Response model, Drop (liquid), Free surface, Nuclear Theory, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spectral data, Nucleon, Excitation
Abstract: Analyzing power and spectral data for the inclusive quasifree ( p ,p ′) reaction on 208Pb at 290 MeV are presented. Cross sections were measured over an angular range of 4°–26° and for excitation energies up to 160 MeV. The free surface response model provides a good description of the shape of the continuum. At the quasifree peak the large angle Ay(θ) data drop below the free nucleon values. This difference is a possible indication of relativistic medium effects.
Published: 1988

25. A study of spin isovector giant resonances with the208Pb(n, p)208Tl reaction

Author: K. P. Jackson, R.L. Helmer, Nicholas S. P. King, B.M. Spicer, Avivi I. Yavin, O. Häusser, Naftali Auerbach, W.P. Alford, R.S. Henderson, K. Raywood, J. W. Watson, R. Abegg, Murray Moinester, A. Celler, S. Yen, A. Trudel, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, R. Jeppesen, S. A. Long, D. Frekers, and Michel Vetterli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isovector, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, Magnetic monopole, Resonance, Dipole, Quadrupole, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin (physics), Excitation
Abstract: The208Pb(n, p)208Tl reaction was studied at 198 and 458 MeV in a search for isovector spin giant resonances. Peaks at 5.1 MeV and 13.6 MeV excitation in208Tl are observed and discussed as candidates for the T> spin giant dipole resonance (SGDR), the spin isovector monopole resonance (SIVM), and the spin isovector quadrupole resonance (SIVQ).
Published: 1989

26. P-Ay for excitation of natural and unnatural-parity states of 12C by 400 MeV protons

Author: R.L. Helmer, O. Häusser, S. Yen, K. P. Jackson, R.S. Henderson, R. Sawafta, J.R. Shepard, K.H. Hicks, A. Celler, C. A. Miller, R. Abegg, W.P. Alford, and J. Lisantti
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isovector, Isoscalar, Excited state, Nuclear Theory, Parity (physics), Impulse (physics), Atomic physics, Polarization (waves), Excitation
Abstract: Differences of the polarization ( P ) and analyzing power ( A y ) have been measured between 5° and 14° for the lowest isoscalar 1 + and isovector 1 + and 2 + states in 12 C excited by 400 MeV protons. This is the first measurement of P - A y in an energy regime where the impulse approximation is most valid. Values of P - A y for all states are compared to both nonrelativistic and relativistic model calculations, which only qualitatively describe the data.
Published: 1988

27. Spin observables for 208Pb(→p, →p) elastic scattering at 290 MeV

Author: K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, O. Häusser, D.K. McDaniels, C.J. Horowitz, K. P. Jackson, L.W. Swenson, J. Lisantti, R. Sawafta, Robert Henderson, A. Celler, R. L. Helmer, D. J. Horen, R. Abegg, C. Gunther, and C.W. Glober
Subjects: Elastic scattering, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Nuclear Theory, Momentum transfer, Polarimeter, Observable, Polarization (waves), Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Amplitude, symbols, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A newly constructed focal-plane polarimeter for the medium resolution spectrometer at TRIUMF has been used to measure polarizations and polarization transfer coefficients for protons elastically scattered from 208Pb at 290 MeV. These results combined with existing cross section data at 300 MeV completely determine the elastic scattering amplitudes for momentum transfers q
Published: 1987

28. A segmented target chamber for (n, p) studies at TRIUMF

Author: S. Yen, O. Häusser, R.S. Henderson, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, D. Frekers, R. L. Helmer, W.P. Alford, M.C. Vetterli, and K. P. Jackson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optics, Stack (abstract data type), business.industry, Gas detector, business, Instrumentation, Spectral line
Abstract: We have developed an (n, p) target chamber consisting of six target layers sandwiched between seven gas detector layers. This target chamber is now commonly used with the new (n, p) facility at TRIUMF. With this arrangement, large total (n, p) target thicknesses (> 1 g/cm 2 ) can be used and yet the target contribution to overall energy resolution is moderate, typically less than 500 keV. The simultaneous accumulation of data from six target layers has proven to be highly advantageous with a number of applications, such as; (1) using multiple thicknesses of one target material, (2) including a target of known cross-section in the target stack for normalization, (3) adding a target to obtain simultaneous spectra for later subtraction of contamination lines and (4) the use of several target materials at once.
Published: 1987

29. Inclusive analyzing power and scattering mechanisms in proton-nucleus scattering at backward angles

Author: K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, R.S. Henderson, C. Davis, S. Yen, D. Frekers, R. L. Helmer, J.S. Wesick, A. Moalem, K. P. Jackson, R. Abegg, and S.A. Gurvitz
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Quasielastic scattering, Proton, Scale (ratio), Scattering, Nuclear Theory, Scattering length, Electron, Inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, Pion, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Energy distributions of A y at backward angles are found to be identical for inclusive proton scattering from Be and C at 303 MeV. While the cross sections scale in the y -variable of West in the same way as electron and pion scattering, the A y values are on the average small and energy dependent, at variance with those expected for a single scattering mechanism.
Published: 1987

30. A highly efficient polarimeter for the medium resolution spectrometer at TRIUMF

Author: G. Waters, D. A. Hutcheon, O. Häusser, R. Sawafta, R. Henderson, C. Günther, D. Clark, and K.H. Hicks
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Scattering, Nuclear Theory, Polarimeter, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Cardinal point, Optics, Deuterium, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Polar coordinate system, Nuclear Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: A polarimeter which uses inclusive scattering from carbon has been mounted after the focal plane of the TRIUMF medium resolution spectrometer. Four drift chambers measure scatterings at all azimuthal angles out to 20° in polar angle over a spectrometer momentum acceptance of ± 5%. A microprocessor rejects events with small scattering angles. The efficiency for 400 MeV protons is 4%, and for 295 MeV deuterons is 1.5%. Analyzing powers for protons are similar to those previously reported for polarimeters of this type.
Published: 1987

31. Interaction between the S-band and the β- and γ-vibrational bands in 166Yb

Author: R. J. Peterson, K.H. Hicks, Chris Fields, and M.A. Rumore
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vibrational bands, S band, Atomic physics, Spin (physics)
Abstract: After crossing the gsb at I = 14, the S-band of 166Yb crosses the γ-band at I = 10 and the β-band at I = 8. The β- and γ-bands are highly aligned below the crossing point, suggesting that the ν( i 13 2 ) 2 strength may be fractionated at low spin.
Published: 1983

32. Spin-transfer measurements for the reaction at 250 MeV

Author: R. Sawafta, K.H. Hicks, R.S. Henderson, O. Häusser, C. A. Miller, R. Abegg, K. P. Jackson, S. Yen, J. Lisantti, Michel Vetterli, and W.P. Alford
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Momentum, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, SHELL model, Spin transfer, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract: For the 24 Mg ( →p . →p ′) reaction at Ep=250 MeV and small momentum transfers we have measured cross sections, analysing powers and spin-transfer probabilities up to 40 MeV of excitation in 24Mg. Because of the strong suppression of the S=0 excitations in the spin-flip cross sections, the analogs of Gamow-Teller transitions could be cleanly observed. Up to Eexc=15 MeV about 80% of the L=0 strength predicted by large-scale shell model calculations has been found.
Published: 1988

33. Gamow-Teller strength and giant resonances in 90Zr(n,p) at 198 MeV

Author: A. Celler, R. Schubank, Avivi I. Yavin, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, O. Häusser, R. Jeppesen, R.L. Helmer, K. P. Jackson, V.C. Officer, N. S. P. King, R.S. Henderson, S. A. Long, B.M. Spicer, T.E. Drake, R. Abegg, K. Lin, K. Raywood, Michel Vetterli, J.D. King, D. Frekers, Murray Moinester, S. Yen, G.G. Shute, and W.P. Alford
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Dipole, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin (physics), Excitation
Abstract: The 90 Zr(n,p) 90 Y reaction has been studied at a bombarding energy of 198 MeV in a search of GT + strength. Up to 10 MeV excitation in 90 Y, we obtain a firm upper limit of S β + ⩽ 3.6. The majority of the strength at low excitations is identified as spin dipole.
Published: 1988

34. The (n, p) reaction as a probe of Gamow-Teller strength

Author: A. Moalem, P. W. Green, K. Raywood, R.E. Azuma, B.M. Spicer, Avivi I. Yavin, O. Häusser, W.P. Alford, R. Schubank, C.K. Campbell, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, R. Jeppesen, Murray Moinester, R.S. Henderson, S. Yen, R.L. Helmer, P.R. Lewis, Michel Vetterli, G.G. Shute, S. El-Kateb, K. P. Jackson, R. Abegg, D. Frekers, and A. Celler
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isospin, Neutron, Atomic physics, Ground state, (n-p) reaction
Abstract: The ground state differential cross sections for the (n, p) reaction at 0° on 6Li, 12C and 13C have been measured for 198 MeV neutrons with a precision of about 4% relative to the corresponding value for the H(n, p) reaction. These data, together with the accurately known ft values for the β- decay of 6He, 12B and 13B provide three calibrations of the (n, p) reaction as a probe of Gamow-Teller strength for isospin raising transitions.
Published: 1988

35. Thin-film cryogenic accelerator targets

Author: Fredrick D. Becchetti, K.H. Hicks, and Chris Fields
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Materials science, Condensation, General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Thin film
Abstract: Thin-film accelerator targets (0.1 mg/cm 2 δx 2 ) produced by condensation of various gases (Ar, Kr, Xe, N 2 , etc.) onto thin, cryogenically cooled substrates ( T = 20 K to 80 K) have been developed and tested in-beam with 35 MeV 4 He.
Published: 1982

36. Large area horizontal drift chambers for a focal plane polarimeter at the TRIUMF medium resolution spectrometer

Author: K.H. Hicks, R. Sawafta, O. Häusser, C. Gunther, R.S. Henderson, W. Faszer, and N. Poppe
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Polarimeter, Cathode, law.invention, Anode, Medium resolution, Cardinal point, Optics, law, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Horizontal drift chambers of a relatively simple and inexpensive design are described. Four of these, each with an active area of 0.89 × 0.49 m2, constitute the basic detector system for a new focal-plane polarimeter at the medium resolution spectrometer (MRS) at TRIUMF. The inherent left-right ambiguity in the direction of drift was resolved using the ∼ 15% difference in the signals induced on adjacent (odd or even) cathode wires. With separate change integration of the pulses, a normalized and corrected odd-even difference is obtained from which the horizontal drift direction is reliably deduced. The odd-even difference is found to depend sensitively on the accuracy with which the anode wire is centered in the unit cell.
Published: 1986

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