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In recent years, cyberspace has emerged as a prominent realm for young people, perceived by them as at least as important as real life. Cyberspace has become a field for the satisfaction of many psychological needs and has brought to life novel factors that influence development among children and youth. As a consequence, the educational sphere has been dramatically affected by the changes in the psychological functions, behaviors, and habits of students, who are becoming increasingly different from what educators were trained for only a few decades ago. Causal connections are yet to be examined experimentally, and longitudinal research takes more time. In the meantime, based on theoretical assumptions in psychology and educational sciences, some of the changes that affect the motivation and behavior of students in the classroom can be assumed. With this being said, the following article, using the perspective of self-determination theory, is aimed at understanding changes in students’ motivation, engagement, and behavior caused by cyber-psychological factors. How are the attention and habits of new generations different? How does this affect their involvement and motivation to learn in the classroom? How do students’ emotional experiences that potentially permeate classrooms reflect their increased immersion in the digital world? What are the most important lessons from cyberpsychology that educational professionals need to be aware of to maximize the benefits of their teaching to students? This article attempts to provide some answers and recommendations regarding these vital issues.

Conspiracy theories have always existed, and (some) people have always believed in them. However, due to the expansion of contemporary media and information technologies, as well as social networks becoming primary platforms of information, the issue of how conspiracy beliefs affect daily lives has become popular again. Current societal, political and health crises have sparked global research interest in the topic. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become obvious how significant these beliefs are in determining health behavior and adhering to preventive anti-epidemic measures. Therefore, it is of immense importance, both theoretical and practical, to approach the characteristics of this phenomenon scientifically. This article analyzes psychological and social factors of conspiracy beliefs. Through the prism of epistemic, existential and social needs, the article tries to explain what pushes individuals toward the conspiracy theories. It also discusses individual and personality differences as the underpinning basis for susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs. A special focus is put on universal principles of cognitive functioning that boost conspiracy beliefs (confirmation bias, saving cognitive resources, cognitive closure, effect of illusory truth, etc.) Considering their exceptional societal importance, the author puts a special focus on the effects of conspiracy theories on health relevant behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the lack of a clear theoretical framework in this recently emerging research field, the author reflects on existing and potential prevention and intervention tools belonging to social-psychological, health and communication strategies. The importance of the media and information literacy as a means to improve resilience to misinformation is also discussed.

The study examines the effect of neutron and gamma radiation on commercial gas surge arresters. The research is of experimental-theoretical nature. The experimental part of the research was performed un-der well-controlled laboratory conditions. The combined measurement uncertainty was about 5%. The experimental system is specially designed for the observed problem and has certain original solutions. The test procedure was fully automated and had software support in the experiment management and also for data collection and statistical processing. The obtained results show that neutron and gamma ra-diation improves the functional characteristics of gas surge arresters with a memory effect. The obtained results are explained in accordance with the theory of interaction of neutron and gamma fields with ma-terial and with the theory of electric discharge in gases. The results presented in this study are important for the design of surge protection in systems that can be found in the field of neutron and gamma radia-tion because they can achieve a positive synergistic effect of protection in hybrid schemes with other components for surge protection whose characteristics spoil this radiation.

This is a study about the narratives developed to mobilise followers of violent groups such as ISIL. The text analyses the main works on which ISIL has based its action strategy. Particular attention is paid to specialised mobilising narratives aimed at recruiting women. Although far from being a comprehensive analysis, nevertheless the present study presents a small introduction to understanding the „mind“ and „logic“ of ISIL’s recruitment of followers. The study shows how Islamic tradition can be abused by taking it out of context of time and historical circumstances in which certain rules appeared in order to justify ideologically motivated action on the basis of earlier historical models.

This article offers insight into how an ever-widening gap between two communities of young people of different ethnic and religious background, living side by side without contact, can be addressed by local initiatives coming from within informal groups of community members. The figures given illustrate the prevalence of ignorance of “the other” among young people aged 15 to 19 who attend a specific form of school unique to Bosnia and Herzegovina that segregates students across ethnic lines. The grassroots project described in the article encompasses surveys, awareness campaigns, publishing, and workshop activities implemented in a geographically distinct and religiously diverse area of the upper Vrbas Valley in Central Bosnia.

Starting with a concept of conflict between scientific and narrative knowledge, which is used for explanation of whole history of cultural imperialism of the West, the philosophy of postmodern age ends with emphasizing the need for accepting inevitable existence of different language games in practical discourse. It means the prescription of certain coexistence between different types of knowledge and their protagonists. The source of lasting inclination towards dominance is hidden in flexible nature of scientific knowledge, which ensures for it the self-questioning adaptive capacity, and rigid nature of the narrative knowledge, which has no intention to change at all. On the other side, edifying texts from the times of revival of Bosnian- Muslim literature, start from the idea that science and faith do not collide, and that they are complement in Islamic and other eastern civilisations.

During 2019, 28 grave constructions were excavated at cemetery Metaljica (Hadzici municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Archaeological excavation have revealed 17 well preserved skeletons that were subjected to anthropological, odontological and genetic analyses. To determine sex by genetic analysis, amelogenin and DYS391 loci were taken into consideration. Concordance between results of anthropological, odontological and genetic analyses applied in this research occurred in one sample out of 17. In four samples, sex was determined only by genetic analysis, since sexual dimorphism indicators were not preserved. Concordance between odontological and genetic determinations was observed in two samples, while affirmative results of anthropological and genetic analysis were obtained in only one sample. Discrepancy in the majority of samples can be atributted to the state of preservation of skeletal remains, interpopulation differences and allele drop-out. Moreover, anthropological and odontological analyses were not applicable to juvenile/subadult skeletons, since sexually dimorphic characteristics relevant for metric and morphological analysis are not developed well at that developmental period. This study emphasizes the importance of combining anthropological, odontological and genetic methods in order to determine sex of archaeological skeletal remains accurately.

Burnout, a state of stress-induced emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion, continues to be a topic of interest across a broad array of sciences. It is because burnout not only causes psychosomatic problems, but also has an effect on job performance, which is vital in high-stake professions. Therefore, exploring the level of healthcare professionals’ burnout, and understanding which work-place factors are correlated with it, is of outmost importance. For this purpose, the present correlational study explored this issue in a convenience sample of 209 MDs and nurses from primary healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including, for the first time, a comprehensive number of psychosocial factors at work. Interestingly, the majority of healthcare professionals scored low on burnout measures of MBI. Nevertheless, one fifth of participants had potential early warning signs of burnout. Compared to their colleagues in other European countries, Bosnian-Herzegovinian doctors experience lower yet comparable levels of emotional exhaustion, lower depersonalization, and higher sense of personal achievement. Furthermore, nurses show an even more beneficial trend on all three burnout dimensions. In addition, the study established some significant positive predictors of burnout dimensions pertaining to the work environment. More precisely, quantitative workload and decision-making demands were found to be positive predictors of emotional exhaustion, while the strongest predictors of depersonalization were work-place support (from colleagues and superiors) and self-esteem. Significant predictors of personal accomplishment were perception of mastery and work centrality. This suggests that burnout among healthcare professionals arises both from the immediate workplace factors and individual ones, therefore implicating institutions in its prevention and reduction.

Romi se kot največja evropska nadnacionalna etnična manjšina soočajo z različnimi izzivi, ki jih naslavljajo številne lokalne, nacionalne in evropske strategije. Ker živimo v času bliskovitega razvoja tehnologije, je med pomembnimi izzivi tudi izrazit digitalni razkorak, ki je pri ranljivih skupinah veliko bolj opazen. Magistrsko delo obravnava digitalne spretnosti romskih učencev v Sloveniji, na Hrvaškem in v Severni Makedoniji, s poudarkom na zaznavanju ključnih ovir pri razvoju digitalnih spretnosti, iskanju razlik med državami in vzrokih za te razlike ter analizo vloge ravnateljev, učiteljev in romskih pomočnikov pri razvoju teh spretnosti. Naloga temelji na pregledu literature , izvedeni spletni anketi med romskimi učenci v treh omenjenih državah ter intervjujih s ključnimi osebami, ki imajo na institucionalni ravni bodisi posreden ali neposreden vpliv na razvoj digitalnih spretnosti romskih učencev. Izkaže se, da učenci svoje digitalne spretnosti ocenjujejo kot zelo dobre. Razlike med državami so zelo majhne, kljub temu pa podatki kažejo, da slovenski učenci v povprečju izkazujejo boljše digitalne spretnosti od učencev iz drugih dveh držav. Ključni oviri pri razvoju digitalnih spretnosti sta obstoj ustrezne infrastrukture in dostopnost do digitalnih naprav, najbolj pomembno vlogo pa imajo učitelji. Za zmanjšanje razlik v digitalnih spretnostih je potrebno še veliko skupnih korakov, ne samo z vidika izboljšanja infrastrukture in dostopnosti, temveč tudi opolnomočenja tako izobraževalcev kot staršev romskih učencev. As Europe's largest transnational ethnic minority, the Roma face a variety of challenges addressed by several local, national and European strategies. As we live in a time of rapid technological development, one of the most important challenges is the noticeable digital divide, which is much more apparent for vulnerable groups. This master's thesis examines the digital skills of Roma pupils in Slovenia, Croatia and North Macedonia, focusing on the perception of key barriers to the development of digital skills, looking at the differences between countries and the reasons for these differences, and finally analysing the roles of principals, teachers and Roma assistants in the development of these skills. Thesis is based on a literature review, a web survey carried out among Roma pupils in the three countries and interviews with key people at institutional level who have either a direct or indirect influence on the development of digital skills of Roma pupils. Analysis shows that pupils rate their digital skills as very well developed. The differences between countries are marginal, however the data show that Slovenian pupils on average have better skills than pupils from the other two countries. The key barriers to the development of digital skills are the existence of adequate infrastructure and access to digital devices, with teachers playing the most important role. To reduce the digital skills gap, many mutual steps are still needed, not only in terms of improving infrastructure and accessibility, but also empowering both educators and parents of Roma pupils.

Åsa Wikfors, Alternativne činjenice: o znanju i njegovim neprijateljima, Zagreb: Naklada OceanMore, 2021. 120 str., ISBN 978-953-332-120-2.

Otkako je internet postao nezaobilazan dio svakodnevnice u fokusu mnogih istraživanja su efekti koje online aktivnost ima na život modernog čovjeka, a posebno djece i mladih kao “najplastičnije” uzrasne grupe. Pandemija COVID-19 je još intenzivnije “preselila” veliki dio savremene realnosti u virtuelni svijet, i ponovo aktuelizirala pitanje kratkoročnih i dugoročnih utjecaja. Ovaj put, internet je postao primarna platforma na kojoj mladi nalaze informacije, bilo u kontekstu obrazovanja, bilo da su njima izloženi kroz društvene mreže. Veliki broj tih informacija zahtijeva kritičku obradu i promišljanje, ulaganje mentalnog napora i mnoge druge kognitivne “manevre” kako bi se benefiti interneta mogli istinski kapitalizirati i u stvarnom životu mladih. Široka zastupljenost tema i sama dostupnost informacija stvaraju iluziju znanja i razumijevanja svijeta. No, procesuiranje datih informacija, koje same po sebi mogu biti manje ili više kvalitetne, nerijetko je brzo, selektivno, impulsivno, obojeno različitim pristrasnostima, te kao takvo stvara osnovu za potencijalno nekonstruktivne oblike ponašanja zasnovane na površnim i pogrešnim interpretacijama. U ovom stručnom radu se obrađuju specifičnosti obrade informacija i izvođenja zaključaka, koje edukatori trebaju imati na umu, u cilju razvoja kritičkog, kompleksnog, te samim tim objektivnijeg pristupa informacijama. Osvještavanjem kognitivnih “zamki” mladi postaju otporniji na manipulacije koje dolaze iz virtuelnog svijeta.

This paper presents two spheres of public engagement of women in the contemporary society of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH): politics and the academic community. An insight into the first sphere, the political one, provides an introductory, succinct overview of the development of societal roles and positions of women during the period of Jugloslawia (1945-1992). Afterward, it focuses on the current position of women in another public sphere, the academic community. The applied method was a test (questionnaire). The first challenge was to determine the exact number of women engaged in the teaching process at the chosen public university in BiH (University of Zenica) since it was not possible to obtain data through the official internet websites or from the relevant published documents. According to these official documents, the total number of employees based on contracts for full-time or piece-work engagements in 2017 was 520. But, these documents did not contain data on the number of men and women who are engaged as teachers. Based on data available on the internet websites of faculties of this University, there were 65 women engaged as teachers; all were full-time employees since these websites did not present persons engaged as teachers on other legal bases. Results confirmed, while women were not taking the managing positions, men were undoubtedly dominant in higher education institutions managing positions. Although women fairly successfully graduate from all three university study cycles, afterward they face the so-called „glass ceiling“, disabling them or making it very hard to officially enter the education institutions as employees, which limits any future advancement. Women who managed to become faculty members were very often faced with gender-based stigmatization and/or segregation. Further analyses should establish why women, as employees of HEIs, hesitate and decline to accept managing positions. Also, it is necessary to enhance the higher education institution’s methodology of reporting, for HEIs to provide clear data on the number of women engaged in the teaching process, and data on their status (assistants or senior assistants, and assistant, associate or full professors). When a total number of women employed as teaching, administrative and technical staff in an HEI is given, the actual state of gender equality in any of the mentioned three segments is presented. The importance of women’s participation in politics becomes also clear in this point since it is extremely important to have political awareness and readiness for solving problems and creating relevant policies for the above issues.

Due to the shortcomings of commercial filters and non-linear components for overvoltage protection in the conditions of synergy of neutron and gamma radiation and functional aging, the behavior of the hybrid protection circuit under the same conditions was examined. In order for the experimental procedure to correspond as closely as possible to the real situation, the load of the hybrid circuit was not adjusted by impedance. The standard model of the hybrid protection circuit recommended in accordance with IEC 1.3 is simulated using the software package PSPICE. To that end, it is necessary to create a varistor with appropriate elements. The equivalent inductance parameters were found to be stable in relation to the experimental conditions. It was also established that due to the synergy of neutron and gamma radiation and functional aging, there is a change in the steepness of the varistor characteristic and the tangent of the loss angle in the capacitors. The overall effect of neutron and gamma radiation and functional aging was tested on the hybrid circuit and on individual components. The experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions, and the combined measurement uncertainty of the experimental procedure did not exceed 5%.

The paper consists of three parts. In the introduction and the first part of this paper are given basic theoretical considerations on possible ways for treatment of the neutral point in distribution grids with special reference to the method of neutral grounding of distribution transformers through a low ohmic resistor and a compensation coil. The second part gives the use analysis of a low ohmic resistor and a compensation coil as the future choice of neutral point grounding on the particular distribution grid powered by a substation TS 35/10 kV. In the third part of the paper, the results were obtained using an adequate dynamic distribution model, using the EMTP-ATP software package. Also, in this part, calculations are made for neutral grounding through a low ohmic resistor, a compensation coil, as well as in the case of isolated grids, and a comparison of the obtained values of the overvoltage coefficients.

Objective - To present the most efficatious management of raised intracranial pressure after severe trauma brain injury in a pediatric patient. Case report - A 5-year-old Caucasian presented to the emergency room due to head injury caused by falling down stairs. At the time of admission the patient was comatose with pediatric Glasgow Coma Score 6 (V-1, E-1, M-4) and signs of recent posterior head trauma. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a multifragmented fracture of the occipital bone above the “sinus lake” causing an epidural mass, contusion in the right cerebellar hemisphere, a skull base fracture without signs of midline shifting. Six hours later, during monitoring in the intensive care unit, the patient became cardiorespiratory unstable with signs of uncal brain herniation and Cushing’s triad. Control CT revealed previously verified posttraumatic changes with new signs of decompensating internal hydrocephalus. Considering that evacuation of the epidural collection and decompression of impaired bone fragments in the area of the “sinus lake” would be too risky, extraventricular drainage as the first tier management was properly selected as the option of treatment. Taking into account the hazard / benefit ratio it was shown to be the most effective form of treatment, which was confirmed after six-month follow-up without any form of neurocognitive impairment. Conclusion – Treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the pediatric population requires a multidisciplinary approach. Different mechanisms of pediatric TBI injury vary widely by age groups and its impact on the development of primary and secondary brain lesions differs. Although many general principles of managing pediatric TBI are similar to adults, cerebral plasticity is one of the features which ultimately always leaves space for a better final outcome of treatment.