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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterium, which could aggressively infect immunocompromised patients and thus, cause high mortality rate. In addition, P. aeruginosa in oropharynx could be aspirated and cause ventilator associated pneumonia. Royal jelly is one of bee’s products that has been used for therapeutic needs including antibacteria. Adherence factor of P. aeruginosa were flagelum, pili and lectin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of royal jelly to P. aeruginosa adhesion. Suspension of P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853) was incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Treatment groups were exposed to royal jelly with several concentrations, 2%, 4%, 6%; while distilled water was being used as negative control. Bacterial adhesion test was determined using spectrophotometer λ = 600 nm to measure optical density values of adhered bacterial suspension in tubes. The result of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p

Bubble tea drinks contained tapioca pearls, that can stimulate mastication. Chewing tapioca pearls may stimulate saliva production. Increased salivary secretion is thought to be correlated with an increase in inorganic components and salivary α-amylase (SAA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bubble tea on SAA and salivary phosphate (PO43-) levels. Subjects were 15 people with a total sample of 60. Each subject drank bubble tea with tapioca pearl for 3 days in the first week as the intervention group. In the second week the subjects drank tea without bubble for 3 days as a control group. Saliva samples were taken on day 1 before treatment and day 3 after treatment. Saliva was collected in the morning 09:00 am–12:00 pm for 1 minute. SAA levels were measured using an ELISA kit with Optical Density (OD) at 405 nm. Phosphate levels were measured using a semi-quantitative test kit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, t-test, and Pearson test (p < 0.05). The results of ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis showed that there was a significant difference in the effect of consumption of bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.005) on SAA and phosphate levels. SAA and phosphate levels increased significantly after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.05). SAA levels after drinking bubble tea were significantly higher than after drinking tea without bubble. Comparison between phosphate levels after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Correlation between SAA and phosphate level was a significant different (p < 0.05) and r was moderate category. It was concluded that the consumption of drinking bubble tea and tea without bubbles could increase salivary α-amylase (SAA) also phosphate level and may improve quality of saliva through a salivary buffer mechanism.

Background: Estrogen expression levels may be associated with age and may affect keratinization of the hard palate. Keratinized epithelium expresses cytokeratin 5 and 14 in the basal layer. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the levels of salivary estrogen and number of cytokeratin 5-positive oral epithelial cells. Methods: A total of 30 female subjects were recruited and divided into children, adults and elderly (N=10 per group). Salivary estrogen levels and cytokeratin 5-expressing oral epithelial cells were assessed using ELISA and immunohistological methods, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc LSD test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that both the number of cytokeratin 5-positive cells and the level of salivary estrogen were significantly higher in adults but decreased in the elderly, as compared with those in children (p Conclusions: These results suggest that the profile of salivary estrogen and oral epithelial cell-expressed cytokeratin 5 may be positively correlated with age and depend on age.

Periodontitis merupakan infeksi kronis pada jaringan periodontal yang disebabkan oleh interaksi antara bakteri periodonpatogen dengan sistem pertahanan tubuh. Antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS) adalah salah satu golongan obat yang digunakan pada kasus periodontitis. Konsumsi AINS dalam jangka waktu panjang memberikan efek samping seperti gangguan pada gastrointestinal. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) merupakan tanaman obat yang mempunyai bahan aktif berupa andrographolide yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dengan cara menghambat migrasi sel inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek ekstrak sambiloto terhadap jumlah sel inflamasi pada kasus periodontitis yang diinduksi pada tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 64 tikus Wistar jantan. Periodontitis pada tikus diinduksi dengan cara pemasangan silk ligature pada daerah subgingiva gigi anterior rahang bawah selama 14 hari. Setelah 14 hari, ligasi dilepaskan dan tikus dari masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan ekstrak sambiloto 600 mg/kg BB (kelompok I), ekstrak sambiloto 900 mg/kg BB (kelompok II), aspirin (kelompok III) dan saline (kelompok IV) secara per oral. Tikus didekapitasi pada hari ke-1, -3, -5 dan -7 setelah perlakuan. Spesimen didekalsifikasi menggunakan EDTA 0,1M, ditanam pada parafin dan dilakukan pemotongan. Pengecatan hematoksilin eosin dilakukan untuk menghitung jumlah sel inflamasi. Hasil uji Anava dua jalur menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p

Gingival epithelium has an important role in the protection of the gingival tissue from mechanical, physical, and chemical trauma also microbial invasion. Re-epithelialization is an important phase of post extraction socket healing. Previous study showed that banana (Musa sapientum L) latex containing tanin, saponin, flavanoid, vitamin C, and minerals i.e: kalium, magnesium, calcium induced re-epithelialization in skin wounds. The objective of the present research was to study the effectivity of banana latex gel in the re-epithelialization of post extraction socket in guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya).Fifty four guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups, there were negative control group, positive control group and banana latex gel group. Each group consisted of 18 guinea pigs. Mandibular left central incisive were extracted and CMC-Na 1% (negative control), iod-glycerin (positive control) and banana latex gel were applied into the wound socket. Guinea pigs were then sacrified at 1,3,5,7,14,24 day post extraction and processed for histological examination. The specimens were stained with hematoxilin eosin. Epithelial thickness was measured with optilab (µm). The result of Anova showed significant differences in epithelial thickness among groups (p0,05). Least Significant of Difference test showed significant differences (p0,05) at 3,5,7,14,24 day post extraction between banana latex gel group compared to negative control group and also at 7 and 24 day post extraction between banana latex gel group compared to positive control group. In conclusion, banana latex gel may induce re-epithelialization of post extraction socket. The effect of banana latex gel is similar to iod-glycerin.Key words: re-epithelialization, banana latex gel, tooth socket

Background: Bubble tea drinks contain tea and tapioca pearls. Chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks may increase salivary components. Because of its proteins, inorganic components, and enzymes, saliva plays an important role in the body’s defense against bacteria and viruses. This study aims to analyze the effect of chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks on salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and calcium (Ca) levels. Methods: The inclusion criterion was 18–25 years of age. The exclusion criteria were receiving medication, using dentures, a history of dry mouth, smoking and systemic disease. In the first week of the experiment, subjects drank bubble tea with tapioca pearls for three days (intervention week). In the second week, the same subjects drank tea without pearls for three days (control week). Each subject drank the bubble tea for 5 minutes per day over 3 days. Saliva samples were collected on the first day before bubble tea consumption (pretest) and on the third day after tea consumption (posttest). Saliva collection was performed in the morning (09:00 am–12:00 pm) for 1 minute. Sixty saliva samples were collected from 15 subjects. Salivary CRP levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit, and Ca levels were determined using semi-quantitative test strips. Results: Salivary CRP decreased significantly on the third day in the intervention group but showed no significant difference with the control group. Calcium levels increased significantly on the third day in both groups. Conclusion: Bubble tea drinks could improve the quality of saliva by decreasing salivary CRP and increasing Ca levels. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04670341 (17th December 2020).

Periodontal disease has a high prevalence in Indonesia. Gingival disease is a periodontal disease if it is severe, requires surgical therapy called a gingivectomy. Surgical periodontal procedures lead to a gingival wound that is usually treatedusing a periodontal pack. Periodontal pack has no curative property in general but assists in a wound healing process by protecting tissues. Neutrophils are inflammatory cells that act as a host’s first defense against infectious pathogens and they are important in wound healing. Wound healing can be accelerated by apitoxin gel from honeybee Apis mellifera species. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of apitoxin gel on neutrophil count on gingival woundhealing process. Medical bee venom powder (Umea, Sweden) was mixed with double-distilled water to prepare a concentration of 0.01% bee venom. The solution was mixed with 10% propylene glycol, 0.01% methylparaben, and3% CMC-sodium. Thirty six gingiva of 3 month-old male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 gram) were injured using punch biopsy (3 mm in diameter). They were treated in 4 groups: apitoxin gel, apitoxin gel with a periodontal pack, NSAIDsFlamar® gel with periodontal pack, and a periodontal pack. Three Wistar rats from each group were euthanized and their jaws were taken after 48 hours treatment to make histology slides with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. Neutrophil counts were observed. The data were analyzed using Anova test with 95% confidence level. The results showed there were significan defferebces among 4 groups (p

Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by plaque bacteria, especially Streptoccus mutans. Many studies were conducted to develop methods or material for dental caries prevention. It was using passive immunization that will produce specific antibodies. Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is antibody in the serum and egg yolk. This study aimed to determine the effect of IgY serum against the growth of dental plaque bacterial in vitro. In the long term, it is expected IgY specific S. mutans can be as one of material could prevent dental caries topically. Immunization in the chicken was performed using S. mutans antigen. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific S. mutans was collected from blood serum of Hysex Brown chicken. Antibacterial effect of IgY serum on the growth of bacteria that cause dental plaque (Streptococcus alpha, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. mutans) was done using diffusion method. Sample was performed on 10 plate each bacteria. Data inhibition zone were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD. There was no inhibition zone of IgY serum on the growth of S. alpha and S. aureus while positive results obtained against S. mutans. Inhibition zone increased according increasing the concentration of IgY. ANOVA test showed significant differences the effect of concentration IgY serum on the inhibition zones of S. mutans (p

Latar Belakang: Kandungan polifenol (catechin) dalam daun teh diketahui memiliki efek antimikroba terhadap beberapa bakteri. Derajat fermentasi terhadap daun teh akan mempengaruhi daya antimikrobanya. Pasta gigi dengan kandungan ekstrak daun teh segar 2% (Camellia sinensis) diharapkan memiliki efek antimikroba. Tujuan: pengetahuan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya antimikroba pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh segar 2% terhadap bekteri A. actinomycetemcomitans. Metode Penelitian : bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans diperololeh dari laboratorium MikrobiologiFakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Pengenceran pasta gigi dengan kandungan teh 2% diencerkan menjadi 0,875%; 1,75%; 2,5%; 5%; 10%; dan 100% (kontrol positif). Metode difusi dilakukan pada 15 petri dengan cara masing-masing konsentrasi diambil 100 ul lalu diteteskan dalam setiap sumuran pada media BHI agar yang telah mengandung A. Actinomycetemcomitans kemudian petri dieramkan dalam inkubator selama 24 jam pada suhu 37 0 C. Pengukuran diameter zone hambatan disekitar sumuran menggunakan jangka sorong, dibantu dngan mikroskop, selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan AVANA dan LSD. Hasil menunjukkan daya anti bakteri pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh 2% terhadap bakteri A. Actinomycetemcomitans dimulai pada konsentrasi 5% dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p

In fl ammatory cells in fi ltration after eugenol administration in Sprague Dawley rat’s molars. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of eugenol on in fl a m m a t o ry c e l l s i n fi l t r a t i o n (neu t rophils , m a c rophages and lymphocytes) in the in fl amed dental pulp. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and weighed 300-350 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: treated and control groups. Rats were injected with ketamine HCl i.m. (0.1 ml/100 grams BW) before cavity preparation at occlusal surface of the upper molars. Cavity preparation was made using a round bur No.010 to pulp perforation. At the cavity base of treated group, 15 rats were given eugenol and of control group 15 rats were given aquadest, before fi l l e d wi t h t e m p o rary fi ll i n g . T h ree r a t s f rom e a c h g roup were s a c r i fi c e d a t 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 and 14 days after the cavity preparation. Rats were injected with ketamine HCl im (0.1 ml / 100 g BW) on the thigh then tissues were collected for histological process and stained using haematoxylin eosin. The number of in fl a mm a t o ry c e l l s (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes) was analysed by Two-Way Anova. The result of the study showed number of inflammatory cells in fi l t ra t i o n o f t rea t e d g roup was l o wer t h a n c o n t r o l a n d s h o wed s i g n i fi c a n t d i f f e rences b e t ween groups (p

In office bleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% sering memberikan efek samping berupa linu baik selama maupun setelah perawatan tersebut dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu aplikasi dan kandungan fluor desensitizing agent pada metode in office bleaching terhadap kandungan mineral gigi. Delapan gigi masing-masing dipotong menjadi 4 bagian, 6 potong digunakan untuk pemeriksaan XRD awal. Gigi dikeringkan dalam oven suhu 50° selama 30 menit diserbuk, diambil 1 mg untuk diperiksa kandungan mineralnya dengan goniometer. Dua puluh empat potong yang lain dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I: gigi diaplikasi bahan bleaching 0,5-1 mm hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam, dicuci, dikeringkan, diikuti aplikasi 0,1 ml desensitizing agent tanpa fluor (CPP-ACP) selama 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok II : gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACP 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan, dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACP 30 menit lagi, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok III gigi dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam, dicuci, dikeringkan, diikuti aplikasi desensitizing agent yang mengandung fluor (CPP-ACFP) selama 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok IV: gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACFP 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan, dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACFP selama 30 menit, dicuci dikeringkan. Sesudah perlakuan, semua gigi dilakukan pemeriksaan kandungan mineral gigi dengan prosedur yang sama. Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan penurunan mineral paling sedikit terjadi pada kelompok IV (4500). Desensitizing agent mengandung F sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan in office bleaching menunjukkan penurunan mineral paling kecil. The Effectiveness of Desensitizing Agent with and without Fluorine in Office Bleaching Method to Tooth Mineral content. Tooth sensitivity arises during or after an in-office bleaching was performed is usually overcome by using desensitizing agent with or without fluor. So far, desensitizing method applied only reduces tooth sensitivity but it had not overcome demineralization problem yet. This study was aimed to determine the influence of an application process and fluoride containing desensitizing agent in tooth mineral lossEight teeth were divided into four parts. Six specimens were smoothened using agate mortar. One mg of powder was inserted into the sample holder and mounted on goniometer heads to examine mineral content before treatment using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Twenty-four specimens were classified into four groups. In group I, 0,1 ml desensitizing agent without fluoride (CPP-ACP) was applied for 30 minutes after an in-office bleaching using 40% Hydrogen Peroxide was performed, while in group II, CPP-ACP was applied before and after an in-office bleaching was performed. In group III 0,1 ml fluoride containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) was applied for 30 minutes after in-office bleaching using 40% Hydrogen Peroxide was performed, while in group IV fluoride containing desensitizing agent was applied before and after an in-office bleaching was performed. Finally, all of the specimens were measured in their after-treatment mineral contain. Mann Whitney test showed that the lowest mineral lost was detected in group IV (4500). Fluoride containing desensitizing agent applied before and after an in-office bleaching effectively reduced mineral loss.

Kunci regulator terhadap respons inflamasi diketahui melalui aktivasi interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Makrofag merupakan sel fagosit mononuklear berperan dalam sistem imun innate dan adaptif. Sitokin yang disekresikan makrofag sebagai respons terhadap patogen antara lain IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, dan chemokine. Minyak atsiri temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) diduga memiliki efek anti inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar IL-1β pada makrofag terekspose aggregat bakteri actinomycetemcomitans setelah pemberian minyak atsiri temu putih. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (perlakuan dan kontrol), masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor. Kelompok perlakuan diberi minum minyak atsiri temu putih dosis 30,6 μl/ml dan kelompok kontrol diberi aquabides selama 14 hari. Gingiva anterior rahang bawah tikus diolesi A.actinomycetemcomitans sebanyak 100 μl dalam CMC 2% pada hari ke-7 setelah pemberian minum bahan uji dan kontrol selama 7 hari. Pada hari ke-15, tikus pada masing-masing kelompok dianestesi lalu makrofag dikoleksi dari cairan peritoneal. Kadar IL-1β makrofag diukur menggunakan ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA), selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kadar IL-1β setelah perlakuan. Perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri temu putih kemungkinan memiliki efek anti inflamasi melalui penurunan kadar IL-1β makrofag.IL-1β level of macrophage exposed to A. actinomycetemomitans decreases after administration Curcuma Zedoaria volatile oil. Activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key regulator of the inflammatory response. Macrophage is a phagocytic mononuclear cell that plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune response. The cytokine secreted by macrophages in response to pathogen are IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and chemokine. Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil may have anti inflammation effect. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-1β level of macrophage exposed to A. actinomycetemcomitans after administration Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil. The subjects were 10 male Wistar rats, which divided into two groups (treatment and control), each group 5 rats. In the treatment group, 30,6 μl/ml Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil was administered per oral for 14 days and the control group used aquabidest. In the 7th days, 100 μl A. actinomycetemcomitans in CMC 2% were applied on the anterior gingival mandible for 7 days. Rats were anesthetized in the 15th days then macrophage was collected from peritoneal. Interleukin-1β level of macrophage was measured using ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA). Data were analyzed using t-test. The result showed IL-1β level decreased after treatment. The comparison between treatment and control was significant difference (p

Background: The success of root canal treatment is influenced by hermetic root canal obturation. This study was conducted to analyze the apical sealing ability after the addition of calcite-synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) as an epoxy resin sealer filler. Methods: Calcite-synthesized HA powder was prepared using the microwave hydrothermal process. HA resin sealer powder and epoxy resin paste (3:1) were mixed, and concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were prepared. A sample of thirty maxillary incisors were prepared in the root canal and then, the crown was cut to leave 13 mm of the root and a working length of 12 mm. The root canal was prepared using the crown-down technique and irrigated using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid alternately. The samples were divided into six groups, with each group consisting of five roots. Group I was obturated with gutta percha using an epoxy resin sealer without HA (HA-0%) as a control group. In each of the Groups II, III, IV, V, and VI, 10% HA resin sealer, 20% HA, 30% HA, 40% HA, and 50% HA were used. All the samples were incubated in a 10-ml simulated body fluid solution at 37°C for 4 weeks. Apical closure density measurement was done using a scanning electron microscope, and the results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests. Results: A significant increase in the apical sealing ability was observed in the HA-20% sealer group and the HA-30% and HA-40% groups compared to that in the control group. However, the HA-50% sealer group showed a decrease in the apical sealing ability, whereas the HA-10% sealer group showed no difference. The HA-30% had the highest sealing ability than other concentrations. Conclusion: The addition of calcite-synthesized HA as a filler at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40% increased the apical sealing ability of the epoxy resin sealer.

Inflamasi merupakan respon alami tubuh terhadap adanya kerusakan jaringan. Salah satu medikamen untuk mengatasi inflamasi adalah antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS). Penggunaan AINS mempunyai beberapa efek samping dan dalam beberapa hal penggunaan tanaman obat dinilai lebih aman. Rosela merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian sistemik ekstrak etanolik rosela terhadap ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil fase inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka. Bunga rosela didapatkan dari perkebunan di Dusun Bulusari Desa Pojok Kecamatan Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur. Pembuatan ekstrak rosela dilakukan di LPPT unit I UGM Yogjakarta dengan cara perkolasi. Tikus putih galur Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor diberi perlukaan dengan punch biopsi ɵ 3 mm pada mukosa bukal. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 12 ekor tikus. Pembagian kelompok terdiri dari kontrol negatif (saline), kontrol positif (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg BB) dan perlakuan (ekstrak rosela 500 mg/kg BB). Pemberian minum sesuai kelompoknya sehari sekali selama 4 hari. Pada hari ke-1, ke-2, ke-3 dan ke-4 tikus dikorbankan lalu jaringan mukosa yang mengalami perlukaan dibuat preparat histologis. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dilakukan untuk mengamati jumlah neutrofil. Ekspresi COX-2 diamati pada preparat dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan rabbit polyclonal antibody COX-2 (Lab Vision, USA). Jumlah neutrofil dan ekspresi COX-2 dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya lalu data dianalisi menggunakan ANAVA dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pengamatan klinis pada hari ke-4 juga tampak luka seluruh subjek telah menutup sempurna setelah pemberian minum rosela. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik rosela mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ekspresi COX-2 dan menurunkan jumlah neutrofil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan anti-inflamasi. Expression of COX-2 and The Number of Neutrophil in Inflammation stage of Wound Healing Process after Systemic Administration of Ethanolic Extract Rosela. Inflammation is an initial stage of body’s natural response to tissue damage.The use empirically plants often used for traditional medicine because it is easily found in the community and fewer side effects. Flavanoid presence of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is thought to have anti inflammatory effects. This study aimed to know the effect of systemic administration of Roselle ethanolic extract toward COX-2 expression and neutrophils number in the inflammatory phase of wound healing processes. Roselle was obtained from plantations in Bulusari hamlet, Tarokan, Kediri, EastJava. Making roselle extract was performed in LPPT unit 1 UGM Yogyakarta by percolation ways. Wistar rats were given a total of 36 injuries with ɵ 3 mm punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Subjects were divided into three groups, each group of 12 rats. The division consists of the negative control group (saline), positive control (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg) and treatment (roselle extract 500 mg/kg). Giving drink suitable group once daily for four days. On day 1, the 2nd, 3rd and fourth rats were sacrificed, and mucosal tissue injury was made histological preparat. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) was performed to observe the number of neutrophils. COX-2 expression was found in preparations for immunohistochemical staining using rabbit polyclonal COX-2 antibody (Lab Vision, USA). The number of neutrophils and expression of COX-2 is calculated under a light microscope data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that the expression of COX-2 and neutrophil number were least in the treatment group compared to the control. Clinical observation on day four also appears around the wound has completely closed the subject after administration of roselle drink. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of roselle can inhibit COX-2 expression and decrease the number of neutrophils that can be used as an anti-inflammatory ingredient.

Latar belakang. Rongga mulut sebagai pintu masuk makanan ke dalam tubuh selalu dibasahi oleh saliva setiap harinya. Saat ini banyak produk permen karet yang beredar di masyarakat yang mengandung gula dan xylitol. Banyak orang yang gemar mengunyah permen karet dengan kurang memperhatikan komposisinya baik yang mengandung gula ataupun xylitol sehingga kurang mengetahui efek masing-masing jenis permen karet tersebut terhadap kesehatan rongga mulut. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pengunyahan permen karet gula dengan permen karet xylitol terhadap status saliva yang terdiri dari volume, pH, dan viskositas saliva. Metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 orang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 10 orang, terdiri dari kelompok mengunyah permen karet gula, xylitol, dan kontrol dengan mengunyah apel. Pengambilan saliva dilakukan pagi hari dan siang hari. Subjek mengunyah 2 butir permen karet dan tidak diperbolehkan untuk makan dan minum 1 jam sebelum mengunyah. Subjek diinstruksikan meludah ke dalam pot saliva selama 10 menit dalam interval setiap 1 menit. Pengukuran volume saliva menggunakan pipet volume, pH saliva dengan menggunakan pH meter, dan viskositas saliva dengan menggunakan viskometer Ostwald hari ke-1 dan ke-4. Analisis data dengan uji statistik Mann-Whitney. Hasil. penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan bermakna volume dan viskositas saliva pada pengunyahan permen karet xylitol dan gula. Derajat keasaman (pH) saliva menurun setelah mengunyah permen karet gula sedangkan pada perm en karet xylitol relatif stabil. Disimpulkan bahwa permen karet xylitollebih baik untuk kestabilan status saliva dibandingkan permen karet gula.

Latar Belakang. Manusia memiliki flora normal yang hidup di dalam tubuhnya. Salah satu flora normal di rongga mulut adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan insidensi karies. Sekarang banyak beredar produk permen karet di masyarakat yang mengandung gula dan xylitol. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek mengunyah permen karet gula dan xylitol terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi. Metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 15 orang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 5 orang, yaitu mengunyah permen karet gula, xylitol dan buah ape I sebagai kontrol. Pengambilan plak dilakukan pada hari pertama sebelum diberi perlakuan (pre-tesQ dan hari keempat setelah diberi perlakuan (post-tesQ. Subjek diminta untuk melakukan scalling sebelum pengambilan data pre-test agar skor plak awal semua subjek nol. Subjek mengunyah 1 butir permen karet setelah makan atau 3 kali sehari selama 10 menit. Subjek tidak diperbolehkan makan dan minum selama 1 jam sebelum pengambilan data post-test. Plak ditanam dalam media agar TYCSB (tryptone-yeast-cysteine-sucrose-bacitracin) lalu diinkubasi selama 72 jam pada kondisi anaerob dengan suhu 37°C. Penghitungan jumlah bakteri S. mutans dilakukan secara manual menggunakan counter. Analisis data dengan uji statistik Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi pada pengunyahan permen karet kandungan gula, sedangkan pengunyahan permen karet kandungan xylitol dapat menurunkan bermakna jumlah bakteri S. mutans. Kesimpulan. Pengunyahan perm en karet xylitol dapat menurunkan jumlah S. mutans pada plak gigi tetapi permen karet gula meningkatkan jumlah S. mutans.

Background: Azo is a synthetic dye used in batik industries. It can be toxic to the tissue when exposed via inhalation, swallowing, or direct contact. Expression of cytokeratin will change in hyperplastic and cancer of the oral mucosa. Expression of Cytokeratin 8, 18, 19 is strong in the epithelial cells that undergo excessive hyperproliferation and oral mucosal changes in leukoplakia and squamous stratification carcinoma. The present study was conducted to analyze the expression of Cytokeratin 19 in the epithelial cells of azoexposed buccal mucosa. Methods: A total of 30 males were divided into 2 groups of azo-exposed and controls equally. Criterion for azo-exposed participants was working at batik coloring division for at least 5 years, while the controls were the ones who were not exposed to azo dyes. Exfoliative cytology using cytobrush was the method of collecting buccal mucosal epithelial cells. Expression of Cytokeratin 19 was analyzed using Cytokeratin 19 monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed using independent samples t test in SPSS 13.0 software. Results: There was a negative expression on the controls, while positive expression was observed in the exposed group. T test analysis showed significant differences (p

The Effect of topical application pandan extract gel on gingival wound. Post-gingivectomy wound is usually covered by periodontal dressing, which generally contains some chemical compounds to protect the wound. However, it can provide allergic effect on some patients. Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) contain a number of active substances that have anti-in fl a mm a t o ry , a n t i o x i d a n t a n d a n t i b a c t e rial e f f e c t an d p lay a role i n wound healing. This study aims to determine the effect of topical application of Pandan leaf extract gel on gingival wound healing. Gingivectomy model was carried out on mandibular incisive gingival using the 2.5-mm punch biopsy. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of treatment: negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (Aloclair), and 50% of pandan extract gel. The gels on each group were applied (twice in a day) to the wound area after gingivectomy. The observation of the wound healing process was also carried out on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 by making the histological preparations of gingival wound area. The number of blood vessels was observed using microscope and data was analysed using Two- Way Anova and LSD. The result showed that number of blood vessel increased on day 3 and the peak was on day 7. Anova and LSD test showed several signi fi c a n t d i f f e rences c o m p a rison t h e n u m b e r b l o o d v e s s e l b e t ween t rea t m e n t an d control. In conclusion, topical application Pandan leaves extract gel could accelerate gingival wound healing. ABSTRAK Luka pasca gingivektomi dibalut dengan periodontal dressing yang mengandung senyawa kimia dengan tujuan melindungi luka, namun senyawa kimia periodontal dressing yang ada di pasaran dapat menimbulkan efek alergi terhadap beberapa pasien. Daun pandan wangi ( Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ) mengandung zat aktif yang memiliki anti inflamasi, antioksidan, dan antibakteri kemungkinan berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran gel ekstrak daun pandan wangi dalam proses penyembuhan luka pasca gingivektomi pada tikus wistar melalui pengamatan jumlah pembuluh darah. Model gingivektomi dilakukan pada gingiva incisivus mandibula dengan menggunakan punch biopsy diameter 2,5 mm. Tiga puluh enam tikus dibagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif (Gel CMC-Na), kontrol positif (Aloclair), dan gel ekstrak pandan wangi 50%. Gel uji pada masing- masing kelompok diaplikasikan pada area luka pasca gingivektomi dua kali sehari. Pengamatan proses penyembuhan luka dilakukan pada hari ke 1, 3, 7, dan 14 dengan membuat preparat histologi gingiva area luka. Parameter penyembuhan luka yang diamati adalah jumlah pembuluh darah. Data jumlah pembuluh darah dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik parametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah pembuluh darah mengalami peningkatan mulai hari ke-3 dan mencapai puncaknya pada hari ke-7. Hasil uji two way Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna rerata jumlah pembuluh darah antar kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol positif maupun negatif (p

Prevalensi karies di Indonesia menunjukkan angka yang tinggi. Karies diketahui sebagai penyakit multifaktorial rongga mulut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans . Salah satu metode terbaru pencegahan karies gigi, yaitu, melalui imunisasi pasif menggunakan antibodi kuning telur ayam ( Yolk Immunoglobulin /IgY). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan waktu produksi IgY bervariasi dengan perbedaan teknik pengujian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi IgY kuning telur ayam yang diimunisasi S. mutans. Metode penelitian menggunakan 4 ekor ayam Hysex Brown sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 1 ekor ayam sebagai kontrol. Suspensi S. mutans diinjeksikan pada ayam saat minggu pertama hari ke-1,2,3, kemudian ditambahkan Freund Adjuvant pada minggu ke-2 hingga minggu ke-4. Koleksi kuning telur ayam dilakukan mulai minggu ke-2 setelah imunisasi. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksinasi dan keberadaan S.mutans , kuning telur ayam selanjutnya diuji dengan AGPT ( Aga r Gel Precipitation Test ) dan hasilnya dinyatakan positif apabila terbentuk presipitasi diantara sumuran antigen dan antibodi .. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil positif pada kuning telur ayam minggu ke-5. Disimpulkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk produksi IgY spesifik S. mutans pada kuning telur ayam mulai minggu ke-5 setelah imunisasi . Production Time of Yolk Immunoglobulin (Igy) Yellow Chicken Egg Immunized with Streptococcus mutans . Dental caries prevalence in Indonesia appears in high rate. Caries is known as a multifactorial disease in oral cavity caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The latest method to prevent dental caries is through passive immunization using chicken yolk antibody (Yolk Immunoglobulin /IgY). Some researches showed the variation of IgY production time using different testing technique. The purpose of this research is to determine the time required to produce IgY chicken yolk immunized by S. mutans. For the method, this research uses 4 chickens of Hysex Brown as the treatment group and a chicken as the control. S. mutans suspension is injected to the chicken from 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd day in the first week; Freund Adjuvant was added in the 2 nd till 4 th weeks. Collection of chicken yolk was started at 2 nd week after immunization. The chicken yolk then was tested using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) to know the effectiveness of vaccination and the existence of S.mutans. The result of the test can be positive if it forms precipitation between antigen and antibody wells. The result has shown a positive response in chicken yolk in the 5 th week. From the test, it can be concluded that the time required for the production of IgY specific against S. mutans in chicken yolk is in the beginning of 5 th week after immunization.

Enhanced humoral immune response (sIgA) can be caused by gingivitis. A study has been conducted on the effect of tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis) at a concentration of 0,5% as mouth-wash on salivary sIgA level on gingivitis patients. Ten patients (age= 18-30 years) were divided into 2 groups so that five patients of the first group representes early gingivitis, and five patients of the second group represented normal gingiva. The gingival index by Loe and Silness (1963) was measured one day before treatment and five days after treatment. The first group was given tea leaf extract solution (0,5%) and the others were given aquabidest as control. Five ml of each solution was mouth washed for 5 seconds and this was repeated two times in the morning and at night before sleeping. All treatments were repeated for five days. Saliva samples were collected one day before treatment and five days after treatment. The sIgA level was measured using sIgA ELISA kit (Salimetrics LLC). Optical Density was read on standard plate at 450 nm. The results showed a significant decrease in the salivary sIgA level and in the severity of gingivitis by mouth-washing with a tea leaf extract at a concentration 0.5%.

Gingivitis is an inflammatory condition of gingival tissue and caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a plant matter that has been shown to inhibit the growth of acidogenic bacteria and the formation of dental plaque. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of green tea extract on pH and volume of saliva of gingivitis patients. The subjects were 30 male gingivitis patients, 18-25 years old. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to mouthrinse used (0.25% and 0.5% green tea extract, and 0.1% hexetidine as positive control). The subjects were instructed to gargle during five consecutive days in the morning and at night with 5 ml of the mouthrinse for 30 seconds. The data were taken in the beginning and at the sixth day. Data for salivary volume and pH before and after gargle were compared using MANOVA (p

The rhizome of white galangal (Alpinia galanga) is one of the cultivated remedies traditionally administered for skin disease, asthma and anabolism troubles such as colic, food poisoning, and convulsions. A part of the chemical composition of white galangal rhizome is essential oil. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of the esential oil of white galangal rhizome against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 302 resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, kanamycin, mecillinam, and ceftazidime. Fifty µl essential oil of white galangal rhizome in concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 or 15% were dropped into 6 mm of diameter well in MHA media given to S.aureus 302. Propylene glycol (5% vol) was used as a negative control and solvent. The treatment of each concentration group was repeated fifteen times. The diameter of radical zone of the growth of S. aureus 302 was measured using sliding calipers. The results of ANOVA (pS. aureus 302. The result of LSD test (p

Background: Hyperglycemia is a condition when blood sugar level is higher than normal. Hyperglycemia is also one of diabetes mellitus (DM) symptoms. Hyperglycemia has a correlation with the occurrence of periodontal disease. Curcuma zedoaria oil is known to decrease concentration of serum glucose. Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the effects of Curcuma zedoaria oil on high blood sugar level and gingivitis in rats. Method: This study used twenty-five male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. In the treatment group, fifteen rats were divided into three subgroups (each of which was induced with 10 μl/ml, 30 μl/ml and 50 μl/ml of Curcuma zedoaria oil). The control group was consisted often rats, divided into two subgroups, as the positive control group (induced with 10 mg/kg of Glibenclamide) and the negative control group (induced with propylene glycol). Streptozotocin (STZ) (Naclai tesque, Kyoto Japan) with a dose of 40 mg/kg was used to create hyperglycemia condition in those rats. Gingivitis was then made by using silk ligature in those hyperglycemia rats. Silk ligature was twisted at the margin of gingiva anterior mandibular incisors for seven days. After the rats had gingivitis, Curcuma zedoaria oil, glibenclamide and propylene glycol were orally administered for seven days. Their gingivitis condition was observed, and their blood sugar level was measured before and after the induction of STZ and during the treatment. The data obtained were analyzed by using Manova. Result: There were significant differences of blood sugar levels between the treatment group before and after the administration of Curcuma zedoaria oil and the positive control group (pgroup. Conclusion: Curcuma zedoaria oil can decrease blood sugar level and gingivitis.

Etching agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphoric acid which are widely used in adhesive restoration system aimed to increase for retention of restorative materials, may act a chemical irritant that induce inflammation of dental pulp. Inflammation is a body response against irritant and infectious agents. Matrix metalloproteinase-8, the major collagenolytic enzyme, degrades collagen type 1. This enzyme is expressed in low level in normal condition, however, the expression will increase during inflammation. The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of 19% EDTA and 37% phosphoric acid application as an etching agents on the MMP-8 expression of dental pulp. Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. Cavity preparation was made on the occlusal surface of maxillary first molar using a round diamond bur. 19% EDTA, 37% phosphoric acid, and distilled water were applied on the surface of the cavity of the teeth in group I, II, and III subsequently. The cavity then filed by glass ionomer cements. The rats were sacrified at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the treatment (n=3 for each day). The specimens were then processed histologically. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed using rabbit anti rat MMP-8 polyclonal antibody to examine MMP-8 expression and HE (Hematoxylen Eosin) staining to observe the number of macrophages. The results showed 37% phos phoric acid application induced stronger expression of MMP-8 and higher number of macrophages than 19% EDTA. The strongest expression of MMP-8 seems on 5 days after the treatment where the highest number of macrophages were also found.

Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis and bone defects in the world and Indonesia increase each year. Algyrogel is a alginate-based hydrogel material recently very popular used as a bone substitute through injectable bone substitute (IBs) method. One of advantages algyrogel is biocompatibility to the body tissues. some natural-based polymer (alginate, chitosan, dan hyaluronat) have different biocompatibility. Purpose: The study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of three types algyrogel against fibroblast cells. Methods: This study used three types algyrogel, there were algyrogel containing alginate (Alg), a mixture of alginate with chitosan (Alg/Ch), and a mixture of alginate with hyaluronic acid (Alg/Ha). Each type algyrogel was exposed in the Vero cell line of fibroblast with volume 2 μL; 4 μL; 6 μL; 8 μL; 10 μL; 12 μL; 14 μL; 16 μL; 18 μL; and 20 μL respectively. The cytotoxicity performed by MTT method to determine the percentage of cell death. The optical density was measured by an ELIsA plate reader then data was analyzed using ANOVA and probit. Results: The percentage of cell death in all groups of algyrogel have below 30%. LC50 value at Alg was 651.017 mg/mL (21.56%), Alg/Ch was 280.478 mg/mL (20.91%), and Alg/Ha was 1054.094 mg/ mL (17.2%). Conclusion: Alg/Ha has the lowest cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells and may have potential as an osteoconductor-synthetic bone product.Latar belakang: Prevalensi osteoporosis dan cacat tulang di Indonesia maupun dunia semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. Algyrogel sebagai bahan hidrogel yang berbasis alginat akhir-akhir ini sangat popular digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti tulang melalui metode Injectable Bone substitute. Kelebihan algyrogel antara lain biokompatibel terhadap jaringan tubuh. Beberapa hidrogel berbasis polimer alami (alginat, chitosan, dan hyaluronat) memiliki perbedaan biokompatibilitas. Tujuan: studi ini bertujuan meneliti sitotoksisitas tiga jenis algyrogel terhadap sel fibroblas. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 jenis algyrogel yaitu algyrogel dengan kandungan alginat (Alg), campuran alginat dengan chitosan (Alg/Ch), dan campuran alginat dengan asam hyaluronat (Alg/Ha). setiap jenis algyrogel dipaparkan pada sel fibroblas jenis Vero cell line dengan volume 2 μL; 4 μL; 6 μL; 8 μL; 10 μL; 12 μL; 14 μL; 16 μL; 18 μL; dan 20 μL. Pengujian sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan metode MTT untuk mengetahui persentase kematian sel. Penghitungan optical density menggunakan ELIsA plate reader lalu data diuji Anova dan probit. Hasil: Persentase kematian sel pada semua jenis algyrogel memiliki angka dibawah 30%. Nilai LC50 pada Alg sebesar 651,017 μg/μL (21,56%), Alg/Ch sebesar 280,478 μg/μL (20.91%), dan "> Alg/Ha sebesar 1054,094 μg/μL (17,2%). Simpulan: Alg/Ha memiliki sitotoksisitas paling rendah pada sel fibroblas sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai produk osteokonduktor sintesis tulang.

Background: Etching agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphoric acid which are widely used in adhesive restoration system, are aimed to increase retention of restorative materials; however, these agents may induce inflammation of dental pulp. The major function of the inflammatory response is to remove invading pathogens or damaged tissue/ cells and therefore, initiate repair. Neutrophils and macrophages are motile phagocytes that constitute the body's first line of defense. Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of 19% EDTA and 37% phosphoric acid for etching application agents on the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. Methods: Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. Cavity preparation was made on the occlusal surface of maxillary first molar using a round diamond bur. Nineteen percent of EDTA, 37% phosphoric acid, and distilled water were applied on the surface of the cavity of the teeth in group I, II and III respectively. The rats were sacrified at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the application (n=3 for each day). The specimens were then processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (pthat etching agents application induced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration in the dental pulp. Tuckey HSD test showed that application of 37% phosphoric acid increased higher number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes significantly than 19% EDTA (pConclusion: The study suggested that 37% phosphoric acid induced higher number of the inflammatory cells than 19% EDTA.Latar belakang: Penggunaan bahan etsa seperti ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dan asam fosfat pada sistem restorasi adhesif bertujuan untuk meningkatkan retensi bagi bahan restorasi, namun penggunaan bahan-bahan tersebut dapat menginduksi inflamasi pada pulpa. Respon inflamasi berfungsi untuk menghilangkan patogen, sel-sel atau jaringan yang rusak dan menginisiasi perbaikan. Netrofil dan makrofag adalah sel fagosit yang merupakan garis pertama pertahanan tubuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek EDTA 19% dan asam fosfat 37% sebagai bahan etsa terhadap respon inflamasi pada pulpa gigi. Metode: Empat puluh lima ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Permukaan oklusal gigi molar satu rahang atas dipreparasi menggunakan diamond round bur. Pada kelompok I kavitas diaplikasikan EDTA 19%, kelompok II diaplikasikan asam fosfat 37% dan kelompok III diaplikasikan akuades. Hewan coba dikorbankan pada hari ke-1, 3, 5, 7 dan 14 setelah aplikasi bahan etsa (n=3). Spesimen diproses secara histologis dan dicat dengan hematoksilin eosin. Hasil: Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (pbaik netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit. Hasil uji Tuckey HSD menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menstimulasi infiltrasi sel netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit signifikan (pSimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menyebabkan infiltrasi sel inflamasi yang lebih banyak dibanding EDTA 19%.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif yang dikaitkan dengan penyakit periodontal. Ekspresi positif CD4 + tampak pada keadaan gingivitis (inflamasi gingiva) maupun periodontitis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek minyak atsiri temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) terhadap ekspresi CD4 + pada gingiva terpapar A.actinomycetemcomitans. Penelitian dilakukan pada tikus Wistar jantan umur 3 bulan yang diberi paparan bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans pada gingiva anterior mandibula. Kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 5 ekor tikus diberikan minum minyak atsiri temu putih dosis 30,6μl/ml selama 14 hari dan kontrol diberikan aquades. Bakteri diaplikasikan sebanyak 100 μl hari ke-7 sampai ke-14 lalu hari ke-15 dilakukan pengorbanan tikus teranestesi. Gingiva anterior mandibula tikus diambil untuk pembuatan preparat histologis selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) dan imunohistokimia. Antibodi CD4 + (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) digunakan pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pengamatan preparat histologis menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekspresi CD4 + positif kuat di lamina propria dan stratum basale pada kelompok kontrol sedangkan ekspresi positif lemah di area lamina propria tampak pada kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa induksi minyak atsiri temu putih dapat menurunkan inflamasi gingiva ditandai dengan penurunan ekspresi CD4 + . Reducing CD4 + Expression at Gingiva Exposed A.Actinomycetemcomitans using Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc., Zingiberaceae. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is a gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Positive expression of CD4 + is shown in gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcuma zedoaria Rosc., volatile oil against CD4 + expression on gingiva exposed A. actinomycetemcomitans. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 3 months that were exposed bacteria A. Actinomycetemcomitans. Treatment group as many as 5 rats were administered orally with curcuma zedoaria Rosc. volatile oil at dose of 30.6 μl/ml for 14 days and distilled water in control. A 100 μl bacteria were applied on the 7 th to 14 th day on the gingiva anterior mandibular. At the 15 th day, rat was anesthetized then sacrificed. The mandibular gingiva anterior of the rat was taken as histological preparations for HE and immuno-histo chemical staining. CD4 + antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was used for immune staining. Histological preparations were observed under a light microscope.The results showed a strong positive CD4 + expression in the lamina propria and stratum basale of control group while a weak positive expression in lamina propria area of treatment group. From the experiment, it is concluded that the induction of curcuma zedoaria Rosc. volatile oil may reduce gingivitis, indicated by the decrease in CD4 + expression.