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BackgroundRecovery Colleges (RCs) support the recovery of individuals who have mental health issues, using the principles of coproduction and adult learning. There has been little international research on RCs and none investigating costs, staffing, or fidelity to these and other principles. We aimed to characterise RCs internationally. MethodsWe conducted an observational study integrating two equivalent cross-sectional surveys, one conducted within England in 2021 and one in all other countries in 2022. We included all RCs meeting recovery orientation, coproduction and adult learning criteria. Managers completed a survey capturing organisational and student characteristics, fidelity and budget. RCs were grouped by country and continent to allow for regression models exploring continental differences in fidelity.OutcomesWe identified 221 RCs operating across 28 countries, spanning five continents. Overall, 174 (79%) RCs participated in the survey. Most scored high on fidelity. Compared with England, RCs in Asia scored lower on overall fidelity, ‘coproduction’ and ‘tailored to the student’. Annual budgets in the 133 (60%) colleges providing economic data were €0-2,550,000, varying extensively within and between continents. Among the RCs who provided data, annual budgets totalled €30m, providing 19,864 courses for 55,161 students. InterpretationRCs exist in many countries. There is an international consensus on key operating principles, especially equality and a commitment to recovery, and most RCs achieve moderate to high fidelity, irrespective of the income band of their country. Cultural differences need to be considered in assessing coproduction and approaches to individualising support.

Johdanto: Tavoitteiden asettaminen on tärkeä osa mielenterveyskuntoutusta. Nuorilla mielenterveyshäiriöt voivat vaikeuttaa kehitystehtävien saavuttamista, joten kuntoutuksen tavoitteiden tulee mukailla niitä. Aiemmat tutkimukset korostavat, että kuntoutuksessa on tärkeää huomioida kuntoutujan henkilökohtaiset tavoitteet yhteiskunnallisten resurssien lisäksi. Tavoite ja menetelmä: Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvailla nuorten mielenterveyskuntoutuksen tavoitteita ja tämän myötä lisätä ymmärrystä tavoitteiden merkityksestä ja kehittää tavoitteiden asettelua. Tutkimuksen aineistona olivat 18–29-vuotiaiden nuorten (n = 16) asumiskuntoutuksessa laaditut kuntoutustiedotteet. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisella sisällön analyysillä. Tulokset: Mielenterveyskuntoutuksen tavoitteiden pääkategoriat olivat: ikätasoiset toiminnalliset roolit, sosiaalinen osallisuus sekä sisäinen resilienssi. Yksilön toimiessa ikätasoisten toiminnallisten rooliensa mukaisesti yksilö kykenee suuntautumaan kehitystehtäviinsä. Sosiaalinen osallisuus on mahdollisuutta osallistua sosiaalisiin ympäristöihin. Sisäinen resilienssi tarkoittaa yksilön kykyä vaikeissa tilanteissa käyttää vahvuuksiaan. Aineistosta nousi esille myös nuoren ja ammattilaisen välinen vuorovaikutussuhde kuntoutusprosessin aikana. Pohdinta: Tässä tutkimuksessa löydetyt pääkategoriat ovat aiemman tutkimustiedon perusteella yhteydessä valtaistumiseen, kuntoutumiseen ja toipumiseen. Tulosten perusteella ammattilaisen ja nuoren välinen vuorovaikutussuhde on tärkeä osa kuntoutusta ja kuntoutujan osallisuutta tavoitteiden asettelussa tulee vahvistaa. Toipumisorientaation laajempi käyttö mielenterveyspalveluissa voisi mahdollistaa tätä kehitystä. Abstract Goals in Adolescents` Mental Health Rehabilitation Introduction: Goal setting is a central part of mental health rehabilitation. Especially among young people mental health disorders may delay achieving developmental tasks. Goals of rehabilitation should be in concordance with developmental tasks. According to rehabilitation impact studies, it is important to consider the rehabilitees’ goals in addition to the social and financial perspectives. Purpose and method: The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of goals set in adolescents’ mental health rehabilitation and develop goal setting. The aim of the study was to describe the goals set in adolescent’s mental health rehabilitation. The study participants were rehabilitees between 18 - 29 years in residential rehabilitation (n=16) and the data was register information. The analyze method was content analysis. Results: The main categories of goals were: age-level occupational roles, social inclusion and inner resilience. When acting according to the age-level occupational roles, people are pursuing their developmental tasks. Social inclusion is the possibility to participate in the social environment. Inner resilience is a psychological process which helps the individual to cope with difficult situations by using their personal skills. The data shows also the importance of collaborative relationship between the professional and the young person during the process of recovery. Discussion: Prior research shows that the main categories are connected to empowerment, rehabilitation and recovery. It is important to support the collaborative relationship between the professional and the adolescent by increasing methods that supports adolescent`s participation in the process of goal setting. Wider use of recovery orientation in mental health services could support this development. Keywords: youth, young adults, adolescent`s, mental health disorders, metal health rehabilitation, goals, register information, qualitative study, retrospective study

Graffiti and street art research (GSAR) has become more acknowledged within the academic discourse; however, it has much to gain from theorising its methodological aspects. As a multidisciplinary field, GSAR has mostly used qualitative research methods, exploring urban space through methods that range from visual recordings to ethnography, emphasising the researchers’ reflexivity. This qualitative approach has, however, paid little attention to the role of embodied practices. In this paper we discuss how embodied methodologies provide multisensory research results where the experienced moments, the participant’s and researcher’s senses, cognition and mobility in urban spaces are connected. Our discussion draws on the authors’ fieldwork experiences of walking and edge working, and on the literature concerning embodiment and embodied methodology related to the context of GSAR.

Drawing upon visual ethnographic research carried out in two Spanish cities between 2015 and 2018, this visual essay explores the ability of street art to speak about violence against women. Posters, wall writings and stencils represent both visual communication and political expression that can give an insight into this gender-based phenomenon. Street art pieces are linked to broader social contexts. The photographs and discourse analysis of the street art presented in this essay pay attention to the specific contexts of Spanish society and investigate the social spaces in which street art pieces are embedded. The author offers a critical perspective on assumptions regarding the gendered construction of public space and reflections on street-level visual resistance about violence against women in Madrid and Valencia.

Objectives: To explore the changes between before and after residential psychiatric rehabilitation in functioning and psychiatric symptoms in young adults with severe mental disorders. Method: Participants (n = 39) were aged 18‐29 and had been in residential psychiatric rehabilitation for the period 2011‐2017. We gathered data retrospectively from clinical registers, day-to-day records, rehabilitation plans and interRAI community mental health evaluations. Changes in several outcomes of functioning and psychiatric symptoms were analysed in young adults with severe mental disorders at the end of rehabilitation. Results: Median length of rehabilitation was 29 months. Symptoms of depression (p=0.001), mania (p=0.009), negative symptoms (p=0.017), anhedonia (p=0.012), the risk of harming others (p=0.010) and severity of self-harm (p= 0.015) had decreased from before to end of rehabilitation. In addition, performance in activities of daily living (p=0.016) had improved and the number of persons living independently had increased (p=0.001). Conclusions: Psychiatric rehabilitation may be effective in decreasing psychiatric symptoms, improving functioning and increasing independent living among young adults with severe mental disorders. These results support the need for comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation with evidence-based interventions. This important research area requires further investigation with larger sample sizes, prospective study settings and longer follow-up times.