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1. Semi-orthogonal subspaces for value mediate a tradeoff between binding and generalization

Author

Johnston, W. Jeffrey, Fine, Justin M., Yoo, Seng Bum Michael, Ebitz, R. Becket, and Hayden, Benjamin Y.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

When choosing between options, we must associate their values with the action needed to select them. We hypothesize that the brain solves this binding problem through neural population subspaces. To test this hypothesis, we examined neuronal responses in five reward-sensitive regions in macaques performing a risky choice task with sequential offers. Surprisingly, in all areas, the neural population encoded the values of offers presented on the left and right in distinct subspaces. We show that the encoding we observe is sufficient to bind the values of the offers to their respective positions in space while preserving abstract value information, which may be important for rapid learning and generalization to novel contexts. Moreover, after both offers have been presented, all areas encode the value of the first and second offers in orthogonal subspaces. In this case as well, the orthogonalization provides binding. Our binding-by-subspace hypothesis makes two novel predictions borne out by the data. First, behavioral errors should correlate with putative spatial (but not temporal) misbinding in the neural representation. Second, the specific representational geometry that we observe across animals also indicates that behavioral errors should increase when offers have low or high values, compared to when they have medium values, even when controlling for value difference. Together, these results support the idea that the brain makes use of semi-orthogonal subspaces to bind features together., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2205.06769

Published
2023

2. Subspace orthogonalization as a mechanism for binding values to space

Author

Johnston, W. Jeffrey, Fine, Justin M., Yoo, Seng Bum Michael, Ebitz, R. Becket, and Hayden, Benjamin Y.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

When choosing between options, we must solve an important binding problem. The values of the options must be associated with information about the action needed to select them. We hypothesize that the brain solves this binding problem through use of distinct population subspaces. To test this hypothesis, we examined the responses of single neurons in five reward-sensitive regions in rhesus macaques performing a risky choice task. In all areas, neurons encoded the value of the offers presented on both the left and the right side of the display in semi-orthogonal subspaces, which served to bind the values of the two offers to their positions in space. Supporting the idea that this orthogonalization is functionally meaningful, we observed a session-to-session covariation between choice behavior and the orthogonalization of the two value subspaces: trials with less orthogonalized subspaces were associated with greater likelihood of choosing the less valued option. Further inspection revealed that these semi-orthogonal subspaces arose from a combination of linear and nonlinear mixed selectivity in the neural population. We show this combination of selectivity balances reliable binding with an ability to generalize value across different spatial locations. These results support the hypothesis that semi-orthogonal subspaces support reliable binding, which is essential to flexible behavior in the face of multiple options., Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022

5. Human leukocyte antigen-DQA1*04:01 and rs2040406 variants are associated with elevated risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma

Author

Liu, Zhiwei, primary, Luo, Yang, additional, Kirimunda, Samuel, additional, Verboom, Murielle, additional, Onabajo, Olusegun O., additional, Gouveia, Mateus H., additional, Ogwang, Martin D., additional, Kerchan, Patrick, additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Tenge, Constance N., additional, Were, Pamela A., additional, Kuremu, Robert T., additional, Wekesa, Walter N., additional, Masalu, Nestory, additional, Kawira, Esther, additional, Kinyera, Tobias, additional, Otim, Isaac, additional, Legason, Ismail D., additional, Nabalende, Hadijah, additional, Dhudha, Herry, additional, Ayers, Leona W., additional, Bhatia, Kishor, additional, Goedert, James J., additional, Cole, Nathan, additional, Luo, Wen, additional, Liu, Jia, additional, Manning, Michelle, additional, Hicks, Belynda, additional, Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila, additional, Chagaluka, George, additional, Johnston, W. Thomas, additional, Mutalima, Nora, additional, Borgstein, Eric, additional, Liomba, George N., additional, Kamiza, Steve, additional, Mkandawire, Nyengo, additional, Mitambo, Collins, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M., additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Hsing, Ann W., additional, Mensah, James E., additional, Adjei, Anthony A., additional, Hutchinson, Amy, additional, Carrington, Mary, additional, Yeager, Meredith, additional, Blasczyk, Rainer, additional, Chanock, Stephen J., additional, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, additional, and Mbulaiteye, Sam M., additional

Published
2024
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6. Impact of lymph node status in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated by major hepatectomy: a review of the National Cancer Database

Author

Jutric, Zeljka, Johnston, W Cory, Hoen, Helena M, Newell, Pippa H, Cassera, Maria A, Hammill, Chet W, Wolf, Ronald F, and Hansen, Paul D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder), Adult, Aged, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Cholangiocarcinoma, Databases, Factual, Female, Hepatectomy, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, United States, Surgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

IntroductionRoutine lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is not routinely performed. We aim to define predictive indicators of survival in patients with positive lymph nodes.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for patients who underwent major hepatectomy for ICC between 1998 and 2011. Clinical and pathologic data were assessed using uni- and multi-variate analyses. A sub-analysis was performed on the 160 patients with positive lymph nodes.ResultsOf 849 patients with lymph node data, 57% had at least one lymph node examined. Median survival for lymph node negative patients was 37 months versus 15 months for lymph node positive patients. In lymph node positive patients, poorer survival was associated with not receiving chemotherapy (HR 1.83, p = 0.003), tumor size > 5 cm (p = 0.029), and older age (p < 0.0001). Lymph node positive patients age less than 45 had a median survival of 27 months.ConclusionsOverall survival in patients with lymph node metastases from ICC is poor. Adjuvant therapy was associated with a longer survival in lymph node positive patients, although prospective data are needed. Routine lymphadenectomy should be strongly considered to provide prognostic information and guidance for adjuvant therapy.

Published
2016

7. Sickle cell allele HBB‐rs334(T) is associated with decreased risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma in East Africa

Author

Hong, Hyokyoung G., primary, Gouveia, Mateus H., additional, Ogwang, Martin D., additional, Kerchan, Patrick, additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Tenge, Constance N., additional, Were, Pamela A., additional, Kuremu, Robert T., additional, Wekesa, Walter N., additional, Masalu, Nestory, additional, Kawira, Esther, additional, Kinyera, Tobias, additional, Wang, Xunde, additional, Zhou, Jiefu, additional, Leal, Thiago Peixoto, additional, Otim, Isaac, additional, Legason, Ismail D., additional, Nabalende, Hadijah, additional, Dhudha, Herry, additional, Mumia, Mediatrix, additional, Baker, Francine S., additional, Okusolubo, Temiloluwa, additional, Ayers, Leona W., additional, Bhatia, Kishor, additional, Goedert, James J., additional, Woo, Joshua, additional, Manning, Michelle, additional, Cole, Nathan, additional, Luo, Wen, additional, Hicks, Belynda, additional, Chagaluka, George, additional, Johnston, W. Thomas, additional, Mutalima, Nora, additional, Borgstein, Eric, additional, Liomba, George N., additional, Kamiza, Steve, additional, Mkandawire, Nyengo, additional, Mitambo, Collins, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M., additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Hutchinson, Amy, additional, Yeager, Meredith, additional, Adeyemo, Adebowale A., additional, Thein, Swee Lay, additional, Rotimi, Charles N., additional, Chanock, Stephen J., additional, Prokunina‐Olsson, Ludmila, additional, and Mbulaiteye, Sam M., additional

Published
2023
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9. A novel swine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Author

Cullen, J. Michael, Lu, Guanyi, Shannon, Alexander H., Su, Gang, Sharma, Ashish, Salmon, Morgan, Fashandi, Anna Z., Spinosa, Michael D., Montgomery, William G., Johnston, W. Forrest, Ailawadi, Gorav, and Upchurch, Gilbert R., Jr.

Published
2019
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10. The 2010 Interim Report of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment Collaboration Physics Working Groups

Author

The LBNE Collaboration, Akiri, T., Allspach, D., Andrews, M., Arisaka, K., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Artuso, M., Bai, X., Balantekin, B., Baller, B., Barletta, W., Barr, G., Bass, M., Beck, A., Becker, B., Bellini, V., Benhar, O., Berger, B., Bergevin, M., Berman, E., Berns, H., Bernstein, A., Beroz, F., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bionta, R., Bishai, M., Blake, A., Blaufuss, E., Bleakley, B., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Boehnlein, D., Bolton, T., Brack, J., Bradford, R., Breedon, R., Bromberg, C., Brown, R., Buchanan, N., Camilleri, L., Campbell, M., Carr, R., Carminati, G., Chen, A., Chen, H., Cherdack, D., Chi, C., Childress, S., Choudhary, B., Church, E., Cline, D., Coleman, S., Corey, R., D'Agostino, M., Davies, G., Dazeley, S., De Jong, J., DeMaat, B., Demuth, D., Dighe, A., Djurcic, Z., Dolph, J., Drake, G., Drozhdin, A., Duan, H., Duyang, H., Dye, S., Dykhuis, T., Edmunds, D., Elliott, S., Enomoto, S., Escobar, C., Felde, J., Feyzi, F., Fleming, B., Fowler, J., Fox, W., Friedland, A., Fujikawa, B., Gallagher, H., Garilli, G., Garvey, G., Gehman, V., Geronimo, G., Gill, R., Goodman, M., Goon, J., Gorbunov, D., Gran, R., Guarino, V., Guarnaccia, E., Guenette, R., Gupta, P., Habig, A., Hackenberg, R., Hahn, A., Hahn, R., Haines, T., Hans, S., Harton, J., Hays, S., Hazen, E., He, Q., Heavey, A., Heeger, K., Hellauer, R., Himmel, A., Horton-Smith, G., Howell, J., Huber, P., Hurh, P., Huston, J., Hylen, J., Insler, J., Jaffe, D., James, C., Johnson, C., Johnson, M., Johnson, R., Johnson, W., Johnston, W., Johnstone, J., Jones, B., Jostlein, H., Junk, T., Junnarkar, S., Kadel, R., Kafka, T., Kaminski, D., Karagiorgi, G., Karle, A., Kaspar, J., Katori, T., Kayser, B., Kearns, E., Kettell, S., Khanam, F., Klein, J., Kneller, J., Koizumi, G., Kopp, J., Kopp, S., Kropp, W., Kudryavtsev, V., Kumar, A., Kumar, J., Kutter, T., Lackowski, T., Lande, K., Lane, C., Lang, K., Lanni, F., Lanza, R., Latorre, T., Learned, J., Lee, D., Lee, K., Li, Y., Linden, S., Ling, J., Link, J., Littenberg, L., Loiacono, L., Liu, T., Losecco, J., Louis, W., Lucas, P., Lunardini, C., Lundberg, B., Lundin, T., Makowiecki, D., Malys, S., Mandal, S., Mann, A., Mantsch, P., Marciano, W., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marino, A., Marshak, M., Maruyama, R., Mathews, J., Matsuno, S., Mauger, C., McCluskey, E., McDonald, K., McFarland, K., McKeown, R., McTaggart, R., Mehdiyev, R., Melnitchouk, W., Meng, Y., Mercurio, B., Messier, M., Metcalf, W., Milincic, R., Miller, W., Mills, G., Mishra, S., MoedSher, S., Mohapatra, D., Mokhov, N., Moore, C., Morfin, J., Morse, W., Moss, A., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Naples, D., Napolitano, J., Newcomer, M., Norris, B., Ouedraogo, S., Page, B., Pakvasa, S., Paley, J., Paolone, V., Papadimitriou, V., Parsa, Z., Partyka, K., Pavlovic, Z., Pearson, C., Perasso, S., Petti, R., Plunkett, R., Polly, C., Pordes, S., Potenza, R., Prakash, A., Prokofiev, O., Qian, X., Raaf, J., Radeka, V., Raghavan, R., Rameika, R., Rebel, B., Rescia, S., Reitzner, D., Richardson, M., Riesselman, K., Robinson, M., Rosen, M., Rosenfeld, C., Rucinski, R., Russo, T., Sahijpal, S., Salon, S., Samios, N., Sanchez, M., Schmitt, R., Schmitz, D., Schneps, J., Scholberg, K., Seibert, S., Sergiampietri, F., Shaevitz, M., Shanahan, P., Shaposhnikov, M., Sharma, R., Simos, N., Singh, V., Sinnis, G., Sippach, W., Skwarnicki, T., Smy, M., Sobel, H., Soderberg, M., Sondericker, J., Sondheim, W., Spitz, J., Spooner, N., Stancari, M., Stancu, I., Stewart, J., Stoler, P., Stone, J., Stone, S., Strait, J., Straszheim, T., Striganov, S., Sullivan, G., Svoboda, R., Szczerbinska, B., Szelc, A., Talaga, R., Tanaka, H., Tayloe, R., Taylor, D., Thomas, J., Thompson, L., Thomson, M., Thorn, C., Tian, X., Toki, W., Tolich, N., Tripathi, M., Trovato, M., Tseung, H., Tzanov, M., Urheim, J., Usman, S., Vagins, M., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R., Varner, G., Vaziri, K., Velev, G., Viren, B., Wachala, T., Walter, C., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Warner, D., Webber, D., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wendt, C., Wetstein, M., White, H., White, S., Whitehead, L., Willis, W., Wilson, R. J., Winslow, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zeller, G., Zhang, C., Zimmerman, E., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In early 2010, the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) science collaboration initiated a study to investigate the physics potential of the experiment with a broad set of different beam, near- and far-detector configurations. Nine initial topics were identified as scientific areas that motivate construction of a long-baseline neutrino experiment with a very large far detector. We summarize the scientific justification for each topic and the estimated performance for a set of far detector reference configurations. We report also on a study of optimized beam parameters and the physics capability of proposed Near Detector configurations. This document was presented to the collaboration in fall 2010 and updated with minor modifications in early 2011., Comment: Corresponding author R.J.Wilson (Bob.Wilson@colostate.edu); 113 pages, 90 figures

Published
2011

11. Characterization and Simulation of the Response of Multi Pixel Photon Counters to Low Light Levels

Author

Vacheret, A., Barker, G. J., Dziewiecki, M., Guzowski, P., Haigh, M. D., Hartfiel, B., Izmaylov, A., Johnston, W., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kudenko, Yu., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Lindner, T., Masliah, P., Marzec, J., Mineev, O., Musienko, Yu., Oser, S., Retiere, F., Salih, R. O., Shaikhiev, A., Thompson, L. F., Ward, M. A., Wilson, R. J., Yershov, N., Zaremba, K., and Ziembicki, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The calorimeter, range detector and active target elements of the T2K near detectors rely on the Hamamatsu Photonics Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) to detect scintillation light produced by charged particles. Detailed measurements of the MPPC gain, afterpulsing, crosstalk, dark noise, and photon detection efficiency for low light levels are reported. In order to account for the impact of the MPPC behavior on T2K physics observables, a simulation program has been developed based on these measurements. The simulation is used to predict the energy resolution of the detector., Comment: 15 pages, 25 figures. Work done within the T2K collaboration. Submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A

Published
2011
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18. Automation for on-line remote-control in-situ electron microscopy

Author

O'Keefe, M.A., Parvin, B., Owen, D., Taylor, J., Westmacott, K.H., Johnston, W., and Dahmen, U.

Subjects
Instrumentation -- other, Materials science, Telemicroscopy on-line remote control teleoperation collaboratory in situ HVEM Internet
Abstract

We have developed and tested a multimedia system for remote operation of transmission electron microscopes and used it to control the Kratos 1500keV microscope in Berkeley during in-situ experiments.

Published
1996

19. Idempotent vector spaces and their linear transformations

Author

Johnston William and Wahl Rebecca G.

Subjects
bicomplex, linear algebra, compact operators, 15a20, 15a66, 47a15, 47b07, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

This article extends topics about linear algebra and operator theoretic linear transformations on complex vector spaces to those on bicomplex spaces. For example, Definition 3 for the first time defines algebraically idempotent vector spaces, which generalizes the standard definition of a vector space and which includes bicomplex vector spaces as a special case, along with its dimension and its basis in terms of a corresponding vectorial idempotent representation. The article also shows how an n×nn\times n bicomplex matrix’s idempotent representation leads to a bicomplex Jordan form and a description of its bicomplex invariant subspace lattice diagram. Similarly, in a new way, the article rigorously defines “bicomplex Banach and Hilbert” spaces, and then it expands, for the first time, the theory of compact operators on complex Banach spaces to those on bicomplex Banach spaces. In these ways, the article indicates that the idempotent representation extends complex linear algebra and operator theory in a surprisingly generalized and straightforward way to vector space results with bicomplex and multicomplex scalars.

Published
2024
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20. HBB rs334, ABO R s8176703 and Plasmodium Falciparum Positivity at Enrollment Are Independently Associated with Lower Risk for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Malawi

Author

Hong, Hyokyoung G, primary, Gouveia, Mateus H, additional, Ogwang, Martin, additional, Kerchan, Patrick, additional, Reynolds, Steven, additional, Tenge, Constance N, additional, Were, Pamela A, additional, Kuremu, Robert T, additional, Wekesa, Walter N, additional, Masalu, Nestory, additional, Kawira, Esther, additional, Kinyera, Tobias, additional, Wang, Xunde, additional, Zhou, Jiefu, additional, Otim, Isaac, additional, Legason, Ismail D, additional, Nabalende, Hadijah, additional, Dhudha, Herry, additional, Mumia, Mediatrix, additional, Baker, Francine G, additional, Okusolubo, Temi, additional, Ayers, Leona W, additional, Bhatia, Kishor, additional, Goedert, James J, additional, Woo, Joshua G, additional, Cole, Nathan, additional, Luo, Wen, additional, Hicks, Belynda, additional, Adeyemo, Adebowale A, additional, Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila, additional, Shriner, Daniel N., additional, Rotimi, Charles N, additional, Chagaluka, George, additional, Johnston, W Thomas, additional, Mutalima, Nora, additional, Borgstein, Eric, additional, Liomba, George N, additional, Kamiza, Steve, additional, Mkandawire, Nyengo, additional, Mitambo, Collins, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth, additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Manning, Michelle, additional, Fraumeni, Joseph F, additional, Pfeiffer, Ruth M, additional, Hutchinson, Amy, additional, Yeager, Meredith, additional, Thein, Swee Lay, additional, Chanock, Stephen J., additional, and Mbulaiteye, Sam M., additional

Published
2022
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21. Primate superior colliculus is engaged in abstract higher-order cognition

Author

Peysakhovich, Barbara, Tetrick, Stephanie M., Silva, Alessandra A., Li, Sihai, Zhu, Ou, Ibos, Guilhem, Johnston, W. Jeffrey, and Freedman, David J.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Categorization is a fundamental cognitive process by which the brain assigns stimuli to behaviorally meaningful groups. Investigations of visual categorization in primates have identified a hierarchy of cortical areas that are involved in the transformation of sensory information into abstract category representations. However, categorization behaviors are ubiquitous across diverse animal species, even those without a neocortex, motivating the possibility that subcortical regions may contribute to abstract cognition in primates. One candidate structure is the superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain region that, although traditionally thought to mediate only reflexive spatial orienting, is involved in cognitive tasks that require spatial orienting. Here, we reveal a novel role of the primate SC in abstract, higher-order visual cognition. We compared neural activity in the SC and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a region previously shown to causally contribute to category decisions, while monkeys performed a visual categorization task in which they report their decisions with a hand movement. The SC exhibits stronger and shorter-latency category encoding than the PPC, and inactivation of the SC markedly impairs monkeys’ category decisions. These results extend SC’s established role in spatial orienting to abstract, non-spatial cognition.

Published
2023

22. Discovery and Insights from DSX Mission’s High‑power VLF Wave Transmission Experiments in the Radiation Belts

Author

Song, P., Tu, J., Galkin, I., McCollough, J., Ginet, G., Johnston, W., Su, Y., Starks, M., and Reinisch, B.

Abstract

Space weather phenomena can threaten space technologies. A hazard among these is the population of relativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. To reduce the threat, artificial processes can be introduced by transmitting very-low-frequency (VLF) waves into the belts. The resulting wave particle interactions may deplete these harmful electrons. However, when transmitting VLF waves in space plasma, the antenna, plasma, and waves interact in a manner that is not well-understood. We conducted a series of VLF transmission experiments in the radiation belts and measured the power and radiation impedance under various frequencies and conditions. The results demonstrate the critical role played by the plasma-antenna-wave interaction around high-voltage space antennae and open the possibility to transmit high power in space. The physical insight obtained in this study can provide guidance to future high-power space-borne VLF transmitter developments, laboratory whistler-mode wave injection experiments, and the interpretation of various astrophysical and optical phenomena., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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26. HBB rs334, ABO Rs8176703 and Plasmodium Falciparum Positivity at Enrollment Are Independently Associated with Lower Risk for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Malawi

Author

Hong, Hyokyoung G, Gouveia, Mateus H, Ogwang, Martin, Kerchan, Patrick, Reynolds, Steven, Tenge, Constance N, Were, Pamela A, Kuremu, Robert T, Wekesa, Walter N, Masalu, Nestory, Kawira, Esther, Kinyera, Tobias, Wang, Xunde, Zhou, Jiefu, Otim, Isaac, Legason, Ismail D, Nabalende, Hadijah, Dhudha, Herry, Mumia, Mediatrix, Baker, Francine G, Okusolubo, Temi, Ayers, Leona W, Bhatia, Kishor, Goedert, James J, Woo, Joshua G, Cole, Nathan, Luo, Wen, Hicks, Belynda, Adeyemo, Adebowale A, Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila, Shriner, Daniel N., Rotimi, Charles N, Chagaluka, George, Johnston, W Thomas, Mutalima, Nora, Borgstein, Eric, Liomba, George N, Kamiza, Steve, Mkandawire, Nyengo, Mitambo, Collins, Molyneux, Elizabeth, Newton, Robert, Manning, Michelle, Fraumeni, Joseph F, Jr., Pfeiffer, Ruth M, Hutchinson, Amy, Yeager, Meredith, Thein, Swee Lay, Chanock, Stephen J., and Mbulaiteye, Sam M.

Published
2022
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27. Examining the acceptability and feasibility of the Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme in adult patients with chronic kidney disease:The COSMIC study protocol

Author

Wilson, A. (Anna), McKeaveney, C. (Clare), Carswell, C. (Claire), Atkinson, K. (Karen), Burton, S. (Stephanie), McVeigh, C. (Clare), Graham-Wisener, L. (Lisa), Jääskeläinen, E. (Erika), Johnston, W. (William), O’Rourke, D. (Daniel), Reid, J. (Joanne), Rej, S. (Sohem), Walsh, I. (Ian), McArdle, M. (Michael), Noble, H. (Helen), Wilson, A. (Anna), McKeaveney, C. (Clare), Carswell, C. (Claire), Atkinson, K. (Karen), Burton, S. (Stephanie), McVeigh, C. (Clare), Graham-Wisener, L. (Lisa), Jääskeläinen, E. (Erika), Johnston, W. (William), O’Rourke, D. (Daniel), Reid, J. (Joanne), Rej, S. (Sohem), Walsh, I. (Ian), McArdle, M. (Michael), and Noble, H. (Helen)

Abstract

Kidney disease is often progressive, and patients experience diminished health-related quality of life. In addition, the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and its associated restrictions, has brought many additional burdens. It is therefore essential that effective and affordable systems are explored to improve the psychological health of this group that can be delivered safely during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to support a new service development project in partnership with the UK’s leading patient support charity Kidney Care UK by implementing the four-session Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme, developed by MindfulnessUK, and explore its effectiveness for patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease or have received a kidney transplant. The study will utilise a quasi-experimental, pretest/posttest design to measure the effect of the CMR programme on anxiety, depression, self-compassion, the ability to be mindful, wellbeing, and resilience, using pre- and posttests, alongside a qualitative exploration to explore factors influencing the feasibility, acceptability, and suitability of the intervention, with patients (and the Mindfulness Teacher) and their commitment to practice. Outcomes from this study will include an evidence-based mindfulness and compassion programme for use with people with kidney disease, which is likely to have applicability across other chronic diseases.

Published
2022

28. Quasi-periodic whistler mode emission in the plasmasphere as observed by the DSX spacecraft

Author

İnan, Umran Savaş (ORCID 0000-0001-5837-5807 & YÖK ID 177880), Farrell, William M.; Lauben, David S.; Miller, Joanna A.; Linscott, Ivan R.; Galkin, Ilya; Su, Yi-Jiun; Johnston, W. Robert; Starks, Michael J.; Sanchez, Jenny C.; Ginet, Gregory P., İnan, Umran Savaş (ORCID 0000-0001-5837-5807 & YÖK ID 177880), and Farrell, William M.; Lauben, David S.; Miller, Joanna A.; Linscott, Ivan R.; Galkin, Ilya; Su, Yi-Jiun; Johnston, W. Robert; Starks, Michael J.; Sanchez, Jenny C.; Ginet, Gregory P.

Abstract

We describe the quasi-periodic (QP) whistler-mode emissions found in the plasmasphere as detected by electric and magnetic instrumentation onboard the Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) spacecraft in medium Earth orbit. Over the course of the nearly 2-year mission, at least 45 episodes of whistler mode QP emissions were detected by the Broad Band Receiver (BBR) onboard DSX. Episodes of QP emissions were identified by discrete events having a clear unambiguous periodic nature as detected by both the electric antennae and search coil magnetic sensors in the BBR survey data at 30 s temporal resolution. Most of the QP episodes occurred in a frequency range between 1 and 4 kHz, in a band previously identified by Van Allen Probes and Cluster investigators. However, episodes were also detected by DSX at higher frequencies - events in these episodes extending all the way to 15 kHz. We present our findings on these unusual high frequency events in the presentation herein. Specifically, these high frequency QP episodes tended to be observed near dawn/dusk when the spacecraft was at relatively high magnetic latitudes and on magnetic L-shells between 3 and 5. Another unusual feature of these episodes is that individual up-drifting events making up the episode were found to sometimes occur concurrently in time: The high frequency portion of one up-drifting ""polliwog-shaped"" event overlapped in time with the low frequency portion of the subsequent event. This behavior of the QP emissions has not been previously emphasized and we consider how this temporal concurrence relates to the source processes., We are very grateful from the support of the DSX project team and especially the operations team that kept the complex spacecraft flying successfully for 2 years. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, and we want to also gratefully acknowledge the AFRL management team that provided resources for the mission and its extensions. The openness and sharing between the WPIx consortium partners, encouraged by its leadership team, has benefited the overall project and continues to be greatly appreciated. We also want to thank the BBR instrument development team for building such a robust and low noise flight system.

Published
2022

29. Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents significantly delay the onset of a regular transfusion need in nontransfused patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome

Author

Garelius, H. K. G., Johnston, W. T., Smith, A. G., Park, S., de Swart, L., Fenaux, P., Symeonidis, A., Sanz, G., Čermák, J., Stauder, R., Malcovati, L., Mittelman, M., van de Loosdrecht, A. A., van Marrewijk, C. J., Bowen, D., Crouch, S., de Witte, T. J. M., and Hellström‐Lindberg, E.

Published
2017
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35. Special Collections in Libraries in the United States. Bulletin, 1912, No. 23. Whole Number 495

Author

Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED), Johnston, W. Dawson, and Mudge, Isadore G.

Abstract

This bulletin is virtually a new edition of the work entitled "Special collections of American libraries," by William Coolidge Lane and Charles Knowles Bolton, published in 1892. Since the publication of that most important contribution to American library literature there have been several surveys of a local character published. While these surveys are of fundamental importance, in the scientific organization of our libraries a national survey is of even greater importance, because it is only by such a survey that collections of general value may be distinguished from those of merely local value and that the results of all local surveys may be generally known. It was for these reasons that the Commissioner of Education, in collecting the library statistics of the year 1908, determined to secure also information regarding special collections in libraries in the United States, and with that in view issued a circular, dated November 2, 1908, asking librarians to describe (1) any collections of books, pamphlets, periodicals, and documents in their libraries which were of unusual value either because of their completeness in foreign literature or early literature of a subject or because the works in them were monumental in character or of unusual rarity; (2) collections of interest primarily because of their history and associations; (3) unique copies of any book. This circular was sent to 2,298 libraries. In preparing the returns for publication very much has, of course, been omitted, and perhaps more might have been omitted with profit. It seemed better, however, to err on the side of inclusiveness. It also seemed better to arrange the material by subject matter rather than by place, although this plan involved more editorial labor. It should be added that these statistics, like others, must, in the nature of things, be only relatively correct, because some libraries, like the Library of Congress and the John Crerar Library, are growing very rapidly, and because libraries differ more or less in their classification of books. Subject areas covered in this directory of special collections include: (1) General Collections; (3) Philosophy; (3) Theology; (4) History; (5) Geography; (6) Anthropology and Ethnology; (7) Social Sciences; (8) Sociology; (9) Political Science; (10) Law; (11) Education; (12) Music; (13) Fine Arts; (14) Language and Literature; (15) Science; (16) Agriculture; (17) Technology; (18) Military Science; (19) Naval Science; and (20) Bibliography and Library Science. A chronological list of imported collections and an index are included. [Best copy available has been provided.]

Published
1912

38. Assessment of mixed plasmodium falciparum sera5 infection in endemic burkitt lymphoma : A case-control study in Malawi

Author

Arisue, Nobuko, Chagaluka, George, Palacpac, Nirianne Marie Q., Thomas Johnston, W., Mutalima, Nora, Peprah, Sally, Bhatia, Kishor, Borgstein, Eric, Liomba, George N., Kamiza, Steve, Mkandawire, Nyengo, Mitambo, Collins, Goedert, James J., Molyneux, Elizabeth M., Newton, Robert, Horii, Toshihiro, and Mbulaiteye, Sam M.

Abstract

Background: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common childhood cancer in Africa and is linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection, one of the most common and deadly childhood infections in Africa; however, the role of Pf genetic diversity is unclear. A potential role of Pf genetic diversity in eBL has been suggested by a correlation of age-specific patterns of eBL with the complexity of Pf infection in Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania, as well as a finding of significantly higher Pf genetic diversity, based on a sensitive molecular barcode assay, in eBL cases than matched controls in Malawi. We examined this hypothesis by measuring diversity in Pf-serine repeat antigen-5 (Pfsera5), an antigenic target of blood-stage immunity to malaria, among 200 eBL cases and 140 controls, all Pf polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive, in Malawi. Methods: We performed Pfsera5 PCR and sequencing (~3.3 kb over exons II–IV) to determine single or mixed PfSERA5 infection status. The patterns of Pfsera5 PCR positivity, mixed infection, sequence variants, and haplotypes among eBL cases, controls, and combined/pooled were analyzed using frequency tables. The association of mixed Pfsera5 infection with eBL was evaluated using logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, and previously measured Pf genetic diversity. Results: Pfsera5 PCR was positive in 108 eBL cases and 70 controls. Mixed PfSERA5 infection was detected in 41.7% of eBL cases versus 24.3% of controls; the odds ratio (OR) was 2.18, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.12–4.26, which remained significant in adjusted results (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 2.40, 95% CI of 1.11–5.17). A total of 29 nucleotide variations and 96 haplotypes were identified, but these were unrelated to eBL. Conclusions: Our results increase the evidence supporting the hypothesis that infection with mixed Pf infection is increased with eBL and suggest that measuring Pf genetic diversity may provide new insights into the role of Pf infection in eBL.

Published
2021

39. READERS' DIALOGUE

Author

DuLaney, Pam, Psiras-Tucker, Donna, Johnston, W. Tad, Zalewitz, Linda, Lees, Kevin, Drews, Marc L., Whitin, David J., and Loeb, George

Published
1992

41. The Future of the Ordnance Survey?: Discussion

Author

Scott, L., Melchett, Lord, Ross, H. F., Balchin, W. G. V., O'Brien, C. I. M., Coppock, J. T., Hollwey, J., Warren, P., McDonald, George, Haslam, Admiral, Barrett, Michael, Wright, J., Kelsey, J., Sitwell, Nigel, Smith, Walter, Johnston, W. F., and Hardy, G. A.

Published
1982
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