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12. The pathogenic interplay between periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease

Author

da Silva Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo, Lira-Junior, Ronaldo, Love, Robert M, Johnson, Newell W, Ervolino, Edilson, Martins De Mello Neto, Joao M, da Silva Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo, Lira-Junior, Ronaldo, Love, Robert M, Johnson, Newell W, Ervolino, Edilson, and Martins De Mello Neto, Joao M

Abstract

Aims: The present thesis aimed to study the interplay between periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease using a model where both diseases could co-exist in the same animal. Our specific aims were: 1) systematically review (SR) studies that evaluated the immunological traits of patients with both Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease; 2) investigate the impact of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (DIC) on histopathological and immunological outcomes in the periodontal tissues of Wistar rats; 3) investigate whether ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) could affect the expression of Th1/Th2-related cytokines in the colon of Wistar rats; and 4) investigate the impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on the expression of cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and gingival tissues of Wistar rats with DIC and LIP. [...], Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith Health, Full Text

Published
2023

17. Economic cost of managing patients with oral potentially malignant disorders in Sri Lanka

Author

Amarasinghe, Hemantha, Jayasinghe, Ruwan D., Dharmagunawardene, Dilantha, Attygalla, Manjula, Kumara, Dinesh R., Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Johnson, Newell W., Amarasinghe, Hemantha, Jayasinghe, Ruwan D., Dharmagunawardene, Dilantha, Attygalla, Manjula, Kumara, Dinesh R., Kularatna, Sanjeewa, and Johnson, Newell W.

Abstract

Objectives: Cancer of the oral cavity is the leading malignancy amongst males in Sri Lanka, and eighth amongst women. Almost all malignancies are developed from a clinically visible precursor stage called an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). The objective of this study was to estimate costs of managing patients with OPMD in Sri Lanka for a 12-month period from diagnosis. Methods: A hospital-based costing study was conducted in Sri Lanka in the years 2016-2017. Three selected treatment centres participated. For societal perspectives, healthcare, household and indirect costs were used. Costs to the healthcare system included clinic visits, diagnostic biopsy, consumables and drug costs. Capital costs included apportioned value of land, buildings, equipment and furniture. Household costs consisted of out-of-pocket expenditure and indirect costs of lost income. Results: Sixty-two patients were recruited (39 male and 23 female). The majority had awareness of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Total average cost of managing a single patient with an OPMD for 1 year was SLR 19 547 (US$ 140) which includes a health system cost of SLR 7320 (US$ 52) and household cost of SLR 12 227 (US$ 87). Travel loss and income loss were a substantial burden to patients and their families. Conclusions: Managing patients with an OPMD, even with annual monitoring, is less costly than managing patients with oral cancer. Out-of-pocket costs are very high, and these could be reduced by revising the National Management Guidelines to allow care closer to home.

Published
2022

22. Concepts of health-related quality of life of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: Parent Perceptions

Author

Butten, Kaley, Newcombe, Peter, Chang, Anne B, Sheffield, Jeanie K., O'Grady, Kerry-Ann, Johnson, Newell W., King, Neil, Toombs, Maree, Butten, Kaley, Newcombe, Peter, Chang, Anne B, Sheffield, Jeanie K., O'Grady, Kerry-Ann, Johnson, Newell W., King, Neil, and Toombs, Maree

Abstract

Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) is a valued patient-related outcome measure. HR-QoL is typically measured using a psychometric tool. Although there are a number of general and illness-specific HR-QoL measurement tools available globally, no tool has been validated for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children. The purpose of this study was to gather Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parent/carer perspectives of HR-QoL in children in order to inform the development of a culturally appropriate tool. Yarning circles and face to face interviews were used to document the experiences of parents and carers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who had experienced a chronic illness. Participants were recruited through word of mouth and via established social and professional networks in Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia. Information collected was transcribed and analysed thematically and placed into a concept map. HR-QoL was defined as more than just physical, social and psychological wellbeing. Family and social support were valued aspects of HR-QoL, as was knowledge, communication and the relationship with the health system. Participants described the importance of being heard; their voice trusted and valued by health practitioners. Racism and prejudicial behaviour had negative impacts on HR-QoL. The concepts of HR-QoL identified in this study are not included in conventional HR-QoL measurement tools. Consideration should be given to concepts proposed by Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in order to adequately capture perceived HR-QoL.

Published
2021

24. Protein glycosylation in head and neck cancers : From diagnosis to treatment

Author

Rasheduzzaman, Mohammad, Kulasinghe, Arutha, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Kenny, Liz, Johnson, Newell W., Kolarich, Daniel, Punyadeera, Chamindie, Rasheduzzaman, Mohammad, Kulasinghe, Arutha, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Kenny, Liz, Johnson, Newell W., Kolarich, Daniel, and Punyadeera, Chamindie

Abstract

Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Malignant tumour cells frequently undergo an alteration in surface protein glycosylation. This phenomenon is also common in cancers of the head and neck, most of which are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). It affects cell functions, including proliferation, motility and invasiveness, thus increasing the propensity to metastasise. HNSCC represents the sixth most frequent malignancy worldwide. These neoplasms, which arise from the mucous membranes of the various anatomical subsites of the upper aero-digestive tract, are heterogeneous in terms of aetiology and clinico-pathologic features. With current treatments, only about 50% of HNSCC patients survive beyond 5-years. Therefore, there is the pressing need to dissect NHSCC heterogeneity to inform treatment choices. In particular, reliable biomarkers of predictive and prognostic value are eagerly needed. This review describes the current state of the art and bio-pathological meaning of glycosylation signatures associated with HNSCC and explores the possible role of tumour specific glycoproteins as potential biomarkers and attractive therapeutic targets. We have also compiled data relating to altered glycosylation and the nature of glycoproteins as tools for the identification of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the new era of liquid biopsy.

Published
2020

30. Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Australian Indigenous Adults

Author

Jamieson, Lisa M., primary, Antonsson, Annika, additional, Garvey, Gail, additional, Ju, Xiangqun, additional, Smith, Megan, additional, Logan, Richard M., additional, Johnson, Newell W., additional, Hedges, Joanne, additional, Sethi, Sneha, additional, Dunbar, Terry, additional, Leane, Cathy, additional, Hill, Isaac, additional, Brown, Alex, additional, Roder, David, additional, De Souza, Marjorie, additional, and Canfell, Karen, additional

Published
2020
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33. Relationship of Lifetime Exposure to Tobacco, Alcohol and Second Hand Tobacco Smoke with Upper aero-digestive tract cancers in India: a Case-Control Study with a Life-Course Perspective

Author

Gupta, Bhawna, Kumar, Narinder, and Johnson, Newell W

Subjects
chewing tobacco, alcohol, Upper aero-digestive tract cancer, second hand tobacco smoke, smoking, Research Article
Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADTSCC) are a multifaceted public health problem. Effects of lifestyle risk factors, including tobacco (chewing and smoking), alcohol drinking and exposure to second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) at home and their association with UADT cancers was assessed in a case-control study with a life-course perspective. The study was conducted at two different hospitals in Pune, India. Material and methods: The total sample size (N=480) included 240 histopathologically confirmed cases of UADT cancers and an equal number of controls frequency matched with cases by gender and age distribution (+5 years). All the patients were interviewed face-face using structured questionnaires. Self-reported information on socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors from childhood to the date of diagnosis of disease/cancer was obtained. Frequency, duration and age of initiation of habits were also recorded to study dose-response relationships. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. Results: Chewing tobacco emerged as the strongest predictor for UADT cancers (OR=7.61; 95% CI 4.65-12.45) in comparison to smoking and drinking alcohol. Exposure to SHS during childhood (

Published
2017

34. Salivary bacterial shifts in oral leukoplakia resemble the dysbiotic oral cancer bacteriome.

Author

Gopinath, Divya, Kunnath Menon, Rohit, Chun Wie, Chong, Banerjee, Moinak, Panda, Swagatika, Mandal, Deviprasad, Behera, Paresh Kumar, Roychoudhury, Susanta, Kheur, Supriya, George Botelho, Michael, and Johnson, Newell W.

Subjects
ORAL leukoplakia, ORAL cancer, PARTIAL least squares regression, DISCRIMINANT analysis, CARCINOMA, LEAST squares
Abstract

Objective: While some oral carcinomas appear to arise de novo, others develop within long-standing conditions of the oral cavity that have malignant potential, now known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The oral bacteriome associated with OPMD has been studied to a lesser extent than that associated with oral cancer. To characterize the association in detail we compared the bacteriome in whole mouth fluid (WMF) in patients with oral leukoplakia, oral cancer and healthy controls. Methods: WMF bacteriome from 20 leukoplakia patients, 31 patients with oral cancer and 23 healthy controls were profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing reads were processed using DADA2, and taxonomical classification was performed using the phylogenetic placement method. Sparse Partial Least Squares Regression Discriminant Analysis model was used to identify bacterial taxa that best discriminate the studied groups. Results: We found considerable overlap between the WMF bacteriome of leukoplakia and oral cancer while a clearer separation between healthy controls and the former two disorders was observed. Specifically, the separation was attributed to 14 taxa belonging to the genera Megaspheara, unclassified enterobacteria, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Rothia and Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium. The most discriminative bacterial genera between leukoplakia and oral cancer were Megasphaera, unclassified Enterobacteriae, Salmonella and Prevotella. Conclusion: Oral bacteria may play a role in the early stages of oral carcinogenesis as a dysbiotic bacteriome is associated with oral leukoplakia and this resembles that of oral cancer more than healthy controls. Our findings may have implications for developing oral cancer prevention strategies targeting early microbial drivers of oral carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Detection of human herpesvirus 8 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: development and standardisation of methods

Author

Speicher David J and Johnson Newell W

Subjects
HHV-8, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Human herpesvirus 8, Molecular diagnostics, Laboratory establishment, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the aetiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is rare in Australia, but endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South-east Asia and Oceania. While the treatment of external KS lesions can be monitored by clinical observation, the internal lesions of KS, MCD and PEL require extensive and expensive internal imaging, or autopsy. In patients with MCD and PEL, if HHV-8 viraemia is not reduced quickly, ~50% die within 24 months. HHV-8 qPCR is a valuable tool for monitoring HHV-8 viraemia, but is not available in many parts of the world, including those with high prevalence of KS and HHV-8. Methods A new molecular facility with stringent three-phase workflow was established, adhering to NPAAC and CLSI guidelines. Three fully validated quantitative assays were developed: two for detection and quantification of HHV-8; one for GAPDH, necessary for normalisation of viral loads in tissue and peripheral blood. Results The HHV-8 ORF73 and ORF26 qPCR assays were 100% specific. All qPCR assays, displayed a broad dynamic range (102 to 1010 copies/μL TE Buffer) with a limit of detection of 4.85x103, 5.61x102, and 2.59x102 copies/μL TE Buffer and a limit of quantification of 4.85x103, 3.01x102, and 1.38x102 copies/μL TE Buffer for HHV-8 ORF73, HHV-8 ORF26, and GAPDH respectively. The assays were tested on a panel of 35 KS biopsies from Queensland. All were HHV-8 qPCR positive with average viral load of 2.96x105 HHV-8 copies/μL DNA extract (range: 4.37x103 to 1.47x106 copies/μL DNA extract): When normalised these equate to an average viral load of 2.44x104 HHV-8 copies/103 cells (range: 2.20x102 to 7.38x105 HHV-8 copies/103 cells). Conclusions These are the first fully optimised, validated and MIQE compliant HHV-8 qPCR assays established in Australia. They worked well for qualitative detection of HHV-8 in archival tissue, and are well-suited for quantitative detection in whole blood. They are now available for research, for clinical diagnosis of HHV-8 infection, and for monitoring treatment efficacy.

Published
2012
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38. A Dysbiotic Mycobiome Dominated by Candida albicans is Identified within Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Author

Perera, Manosha, Al-hebshi, Nezar Noor, Perera, Irosha, Ipe, Deepak, Ulett, Glen, Speicher, David J., Chen, Tsute, and Johnson, Newell W.

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, oncology_oncogenics
Abstract

Background: Studies employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) show that the oral fungal community (mycobiome) is far more complex than hitherto thought. However, the role of the oral mycobiome in health and disease, including oral carcinogenesis, has not been explored. Objective: To characterize the mycobiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Tissue biopsies [cases: 25 OSCC; controls: 27 intra-oral fibro-epithelial polyp (FEP)] were collected from oral and maxillofacial units in Sri Lanka. Total DNA was extracted and subjected to sequencing of the fungal ITS2 region using Illumina’s 2x300 bp chemistry. High quality, non-chimeric merged reads were classified to species level using a BLASTN-algorithm with UNITE’s named species sequences as reference. Downstream analyses were performed using QIIME and LEfSe. Results: 364 species representing 160 genera and 2 phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were identified, with Candida and Malassezia making up 48% and 11% of the average mycobiome, respectively. However, only 5 species and 4 genera were detected in ≥50% of the samples. The species richness and diversity were significantly lower in OSCC. At the genus level, Candida, Hannaella and Gibberella were overrepresented in OSCC while Alternaria and Trametes were more abundant in FEP. Species-wise, C. albicans, C. etchellsii and Hannaella luteola-like species were enriched in OSCC while Malassezia restricta, Aspergillus tamarii, Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium halotolerans, and Hanseniaspora uvarum-like species were the most significantly abundant in FEP. Conclusions: A dysbiotic mycobiome dominated by C. albicans was found in association with OSCC. Whether this dysbiosis plays a role in oral carcinogenesis warrants further investigation.

Published
2017

44. Risk factors for oral health in young, urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Author

Butten, K, Johnson, NW, Hall, KK, Anderson, J, Toombs, M, King, N, O'Grady, KF, Butten, Kaley, Johnson, Newell W, Hall, Kerry K, Anderson, Jennie, Toombs, Maree, King, Neil, O'Grady, Kerry-Ann F, Johnson, N W, Hall, K K, and O'Grady, K F

Subjects
TORRES Strait Islander children, DENTAL caries, DENTAL fillings, ORAL diseases, SOCIOECONOMICS
Abstract

Background: The caries process follows a strong social gradient which can commence in the first years of life. Yet data on young children remain limited. This study reports the potential risk factors and indicators in urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged less than 5 and estimates the prevalence of caries.Methods: Demographic and risk factor and risk indicator data were collected at baseline in a cohort study of children attending a health clinic in north Brisbane. Dentulous children received a basic oral examination to explore the presence of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft). Descriptive analyses were performed. A backwards stepwise logistic regression model was performed to identify potential associations with dmft status.Results: In this study, 180 children enrolled: 111 children received the oral examination, of whom 14 (12.6%) (mean age 35 months) were estimated to have dmft >0. There was a high prevalence of socio-economic, dietary and behavioural risk factors/indicators present for children. Due to the small sample size, planned regression was not performed.Conclusions: Overall, the prevalence of risk factors and risk indicators for caries in the study population is high. More culturally appropriate resources that support preventive care need to be invested before children are school aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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50. Fatores de risco ambientais associados à cárie dentária nas crianças: uma revisão de quatro estudos na Indonésia

Author

Farihatini, Tintin, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Dale, Patricia, Davey, Peter, Johnson, Newell W., Wulandari, Ririn A., Winanto, Sri S., Musaddad, Anwar, and Satrio, Rinawati

Subjects
caries dental, impacto ambiental, água para consumo humano, care dentária, calidad del agua potable, environmental impact, tooth decay, stomatognathic diseases, drinking water quality, Medicine
Abstract

There is growing concern over studying the environmental impacts on human health. Among the world’s population, children are particularly vulnerable to environmental threats.Currently, in certain areas of Indonesia, there are significant problems with water quality, especially as many consume surface water for drinking. There is evidence that this contributes to tooth decay – the process of dental caries. Furthermore, teeth provide an excellent chronological record of nutritional status and trace metal exposure during human development.This paper provides an overview of risk factors for dental caries and reviews four epidemiological and laboratory studies that have addressed these issues in Indonesia. First, Winanto in 1993 showed that acidity and high tin (Sn) concentrations in drinking water are associated with the erosion of permanent teeth in children living close to a tin mining area. Second, Wulandari in 2009, using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS), showed that deciduous teeth containing high concentration of lead (Pb) have 3 times higher risks of contracting caries. Third, Satrio in 2010 compared the dental status of children who consumed rain water with those using other sources of drinking water: this revealed that low concentration of Fluoride in drinking water contributes 19 times higher risk of dental caries and low pH 22 times the risk compared to water of neutral pH. Fourth, Musadad in 2009 undertook an ecological study on the effect of drinking water quality in relation to dental caries and revealed significant associations with acidity, total water consumption, household expenditure and the distance from a subject’s residence to the nearest dental health provider.Thus, in Indonesia, tooth decay is not only associated with poor diet and poor oral hygiene; it also reflects poor environment. Existe una creciente preocupación por el estudio de los impactos ambientales en la salud humana. Los niños son particularmente vulnerables a las amenazas ambientales en cualquier parte del mundo.Actualmente, en ciertas zonas de Indonesia, existen problemas con la calidad del agua, especialmente con el uso de aguas superficiales como fuente de agua potable para consumo humano.Hay evidencias de que ello contribuye a los procesos de aparición de caries dental. Por otra parte, los dientes proporcionan un excelente registro cronológico del estado nutricional y de la exposición a metales durante las etapas de desarrollo humano.Este documento ofrece una visión general de los factores de riesgo de la caries y revisa cuatro estudios epidemiológicos y de laboratorio que han abordado estas cuestiones en Indonesia. En primer lugar, Winanto en 1993 mostró que la acidez y las altas concentraciones de estaño (Sn) en el agua potable están asociadas con la erosión de los dientes permanentes de los niños que viven cerca de una zona minera de estaño. En segundo lugar, Wulandari en 2009, utilizando espectrometría de absorción atómica en horno de grafito, mostró que los dientes temporales que contienen altas concentraciones de plomo (Pb) tienen un riesgo tres veces mayor de contraer caries. En tercer lugar, Satrio en 2010 comparó el estado dental de los niños que consumen agua procedente de la lluvia con los que utilizan otras fuentes de agua potable: esto reveló que el riesgo de aparición de caries dentales aumenta 19 veces con una baja concentración de flúor en el agua de bebida y 22 veces con un pH bajo en comparación con agua de pH neutro. En cuarto lugar, Musadad en 2009 llevó a cabo un estudio ecológico sobre el efecto de la calidad del agua potable en relación con la caries dental y reveló asociaciones significativas con la acidez, con la cantidad de consumo de agua, con el gasto de los hogares y con la distancia entre el domicilio y el proveedor de salud dental más cercano.Por tanto, en Indonesia, la caries no solo se asocia con una mala alimentación y una higiene bucal deficiente, sino que también refleja las condiciones ambientales. Há uma crescente preocupação com o estudo dos impactos do ambiente na saúde humana. Entre a população do mundo, as crianças são particularmente vulneráveis às ameaças ambientais.Atualmente, em algumas áreas da Indonésia, existem problemas significativos com a qualidade da água, especialmente devido ao uso de muitas águas superficiais para consumo humano. Há evidência de que isto contribui para o processo de cárie dentária. Além disso, os dentes fornecem um excelente registo cronológico do estado nutricional e indicação da exposição a metais durante o desenvolvimento humano.Este artigo fornece uma visão geral dos fatores de risco para a cárie dentária e as revisões de quatro estudos epidemiológicos e laboratoriais que abordaram este assunto na Indonésia. Primeiro estudo: Winanto em 1993 mostrou que a acidez e concentrações elevadas de estanho (Sn) na água para consumo humano estão associadas com a erosão dos dentes permanentes em crianças que vivem perto de uma exploração mineira de estanho. Segundo estudo: Wulandari em 2009, recorrendo à espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GFAAS), mostrou que dentes decíduos que contenham uma alta concentração de chumbo (Pb) têm três vezes maior risco de contrair cárie. Terceiro estudo: Satrio em 2010, comparou o estado dos dentes entre as crianças que consumiam água da chuva e as crianças que consumiam água de outras origens. Este revelou que a baixa concentração de fluor na água contribui para aumentar 19 vezes o risco de cáries e que o consumo de água com pH baixo aumenta 22 vezes o risco de cárie quando comparado com o consumo de água com pH neutro. Quarto estudo: Musadad em 2009, realizou um estudo ecológico sobre o efeito da qualidade da água potável em relação à cárie dentária e revelou associação significativa com a acidez, a quantidade de água consumida, a despesa das famílias e a distância da residência a um serviço de medicina dentária. Assim, na Indonésia, a cárie dentária não está associada apenas com a má alimentação e má higiene oral, mas também reflete a existência de más condições ambientais.

Published
2013

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