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BACKGROUND: Individual adverse social determinants of health are associated with increased risk of diabetes in pregnancy, but the relative influence of neighborhood or community-level social determinants of health is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether living in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage, food deserts, or less walkability was associated with having pregestational diabetes and developing gestational diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a secondary analysis of the prospective Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be. Home addresses in the first trimester were geocoded at the census tract level. The exposures (modeled separately) were the following 3 neighborhood-level measures of adverse social determinants of health: (1) socioeconomic disadvantage, defined by the Area Deprivation Index and measured in tertiles from the lowest tertile (ie, least disadvantage [T1]) to the highest (ie, most disadvantage [T3]); (2) food desert, defined by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Access Research Atlas (yes/no by low income and low access criteria); and (3) less walkability, defined by the Environmental Protection Agency National Walkability Index (most walkable score [15.26-20.0] vs less walkable score [

Although the reputation of artificial intelligence (AI) has declined due to evidence of racial bias in various algorithms, the technology also shows promise in improving equity in health care. For [...]

Previous literature has highlighted that women who have a pregnancy affected by gestational hypertension or preeclampsia are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. However, CVD is a composite of multiple outcomes, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, and the risk of both CVD and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy varies by the population studied. We conducted a narrative review of the risk of cardiovascular outcomes for women with prior gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Previous literature is summarized by country and ethnicity, with a higher risk of CVD and coronary heart disease observed after gestational hypertension and a higher risk of CVD, coronary heart disease and heart failure observed after pre-eclampsia in most of the populations studied. Only one study was identified in a low- or middle-income country, and the majority of studies were conducted in white or mixed ethnicity populations. We discuss potential interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk for these women in different settings and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the epidemiology of CVD risk after gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia outside of high-income, white populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that the New York Police Department's (NYPD) gang database violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Topics discussed include the legal case Floyd v. City of New York, the history of stop and frisk in New York City, and the gang database's disparate racial impact and the historical background of racial profiling in the NYPD.

The article argues that the New York Police Department's (NYPD) gang database violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Topics discussed include the legal case Floyd v. City of New York, the history of stop and frisk in New York City, and the gang database's disparate racial impact and the historical background of racial profiling in the NYPD.

Despite normative claims that elite foundation boards select elite nonprofits, foundations increasingly use community volunteers to allocate grants. There is an assumption that community involvement in grant making leads to better grant decisions. However, no one has tested this assumption and explored whether community members are even making different grant decisions than traditional boards. Drawing on a sample of six funders who use a community and traditional board, their 616 grantees, and 955 nongrantees, this paper empirically tests anecdotes replete in literature, identifying the organizational and financial determinants that influence community boards grant decisions versus those that influence traditional board decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: SLC7A5 is recognized as the major mediator of melphalan uptake into multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however, its contribution to the inter-patient variability of melphalan efficacy and toxicity is yet to be well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4240803 in SLC7A5 on the gene expression, ex vivo sensitivity to melphalan, and clinical outcomes in MM patients who were undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation with high-dose melphalan., Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 108 MM patients prior to melphalan therapy. Clinical data were also collected from these patients following melphalan therapy., Results: rs4240803 was associated with elevated expression of SLC7A5 mRNA, higher ex vivo sensitivity to melphalan in PBMCs, and positive 90-day response in these patients (p=0.047, 0.10, 0.049, respectively)., Conclusion: rs4240803 impacted the expression of SLC7A5, thus contributing to the clinical response of MM patients to melphalan therapy., (Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

Probuphine (buprenorphine) subdermal implants for the treatment of opioid-dependent patients.