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Funding This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Strategic Project UID/MAR/04292/2020 to MARE, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020 to CICECO, and the University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for the fnancial support for LAQV-REQUIMTE research Unit (FCT UIDB/50006/2020) through national founds, and, where applicable, co-fnanced by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work was also funded by the project “Valorização dos subprodutos do processo biotecnológico de produção de esqualeno e DHA pela microalga Aurantiochytrium sp.” (AlgaValue) (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-017680) supported by COMPETE 2020, and Integrated Programme of SR&TD “SmartBioR” (reference Centro-01–0145-FEDER-000018) cofunded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. The authors also thank the funding from Project AgroForWealth (CENTRO-01–0145-FEDER-000001), funded by Centro2020, through FEDER and PT2020 and University of Aveiro. Aurantiochytrium sp. is an emerging alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and squalene, playing an important role in the phasing out of traditional fish sources for these compounds. Novel lipid extraction techniques with a focus on sustainability and low environmental footprint are being developed for this organism, but the exploration of other added-value compounds within it is still very limited. In this work, a combination of novel green extraction techniques (high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HPE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) and traditional techniques (organic solvent Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation (HD)) was used to obtain lipophilic extracts of Aurantiochytrium sp., which were then screened for antioxidant (DPPH radical reduction capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays), lipid oxidation protection, antimicrobial, anti-aging enzyme inhibition (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase), and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production) activities. The screening revealed promising extracts in nearly all categories of biological activity tested, with only the enzymatic inhibition being low in all extracts. Powerful lipid oxidation protection and anti-inflammatory activity were observed in most SFE samples. Ethanolic HPEs inhibited both lipid oxidation reactions and microbial growth. The HD extract demonstrated high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory activities making, it a major contender for further studies aiming at the valorization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Taken together, this study presents compelling evidence of the bioactive potential of Aurantiochytrium sp. and encourages further exploration of its composition and application. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Acknowledgements : This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through Strategic Project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and grant 2020.09455.BD awarded to Joao ˜ Reboleira. Work was also supported by VALORMAR (Mobilizing R&TD Programs, Portugal 2020) co-funded by COMPETE (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024517), projects MACAU (MAR04.03.01-FEAMP-0128) and COSMOS (MAR2020-P04M03-1445P) funded by PO MAR2020, Portugal2020, and the European Union through the European Fund for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (FEAMP), the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “Smart Valorisation of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), and project ORCHESTRA (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-070155), funded by FEDER, FCT and Portugal 2020 through COMPETE 2020. Background: Seaweeds are promising substrates for biotransformation via fermentation, something that has been primarily utilized by the field of biofuels but focused less attention from other fields of research. Considering that the fermentation of abundant land resources has become an important means by which new added-value compounds can be obtained, exploring the same process for seaweeds can contribute to an effective and sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Scope and approach: In this review, recent advances demonstrating the potential behind the fermentation of seaweeds are evaluated. A breakdown of the most relevant seaweed compounds and their effect on potential bioprocesses is presented, along with pre-processing techniques that have become popular in biofuel fermentations. The applications of seaweed fermentation products in the fields of natural product research, functional foods and nutraceuticals, as well as the limitations and opportunities of seaweed fermentation are also highlighted. Key findings and conclusions: Research revealing that seaweed fermentation can be used to create novel food and nutraceutical products that demonstrate high bioactivity and sensory quality was presented. The studies included demonstrate the use of this process in algal tissues and extracts as an enhancer of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic activities, among others. Many of the difficulties related to fermenting seaweed have been addressed by research within the field of biofuels, providing insight on the conditions and pretreatments necessary to improve seaweed fermentability. Food applications for seaweed fermentation products are still underdeveloped, but the nutritional, sensory and bioactive profiles collected so far highly encourage further developments. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The authors of MARE-Politécnico de Leiria acknowledge the MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/MAR/04292/2019, UIDB/04292/2020) and the project “SmartBioR-Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (Centro01-0145-FEDER-000018) co-funded by Centro 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The authors of Centro de Química Estrutural acknowledge the financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/0100/2020), the IST-UL Centers of the Portuguese NMR and Mass Spectrometry Networks (REM2013, RNNMR), RECI/QEQ-QIN/0189/2012, RECI/QEQ-MED/0330/2012, grants SFRH/BD/135797/2018 and PD/BD/106078/2015. FCT is also acknowledged through CeFEMA, under the strategic project UID/CTM/04540/2019. The chemical modification of porphyran hydrocolloid is attempted, with the objective of enhancing its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Sulfated galactan porphyran is obtained from commercial samples of the red algae Porphyra dioica using Soxhlet extraction with water at 100ºC and precipitation with isopropyl alcohol. The extracted porphyran is then treated with modified L-tyrosines in aqueous medium in the presence of NaOH, at ca. 70ºC. The modified tyrosines L1 and L2 are prepared through a Mannich reaction with either thymol or 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, respectively. While the reaction with 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol yields the expected tyrosine derivative, a mixture of products is obtained with thymol. The resulting polysaccharides are structurally characterized and the respective antioxidant and antimicrobial activities are determined. Porphyran treated with the N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzyl)-L-tyrosine derivative, POR-L2, presents a noticeable superior radical scavenging and antioxidant activity compared to native porphyran, POR. Furthermore, it exhibited some antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The surface morphology of films prepared by casting with native and modified porphyrans is studied by SEM/EDS. Both POR and POR-L2 present potential applicability in the production of films and washable coatings for food packaging with improved protecting characteristics. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Aqueous extracts of commercially available red macroalgae Porphyra dioica were integrated as inner coatings of food-grade polypropylene (PP) films through use of electrospinning and electrospraying technologies. Two coating formulations (A = 5 wt% P. dioica extract and 7.5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), B = 1 wt% P. dioica extract, 1 wt% PVA, and 17% gelatine) were evaluated as to their capacity to delay spoilage of minced chicken breasts, through monitoring of microbial growth (total mesophile aerobic colony counts), colour stability, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), and sensory analysis over a 4-day refrigerated storage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed an increased nanofiber and nanoparticle density on extract-enriched fibers, without compromise to their morphology or the homogeneity of the coatings. Total microbial counts on coating B samples was significantly (p &lt, 0.001) reduced compared to uncoated plastic wraps. The coated samples also exhibited fewer colour degradation, though the coatings did not differ substantially from uncoated plastic wrap. Sensory analysis test subjects successfully distinguished the raw samples based on their treatment and gave a positive approval rating (66.7%) to the extract-enriched coatings when asked about edibility post storage.

Incorporation of antioxidant agents in edible films and packages often relies in the usage of essential oils and other concentrated hydrophobic liquids, with reliable increases in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the overall composite, but with less desirable synthetic sources and extraction methods. Hydroethanolic extracts of commercially-available red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and phenolic content, as part of the selection of algal biomass for the enrichment of thermoplastic film coatings. The extracts were obtained through use of solid-liquid extractions, over which yield, DPPH radical reduction capacity, total phenolic content, and FRAP activity assays were measured. Solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and ethanol percentages were selected as independent variables, and response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to estimate the effect of each extraction condition on the tested bioactivities. These extracts were electrospun into polypropylene films and the antioxidant activity of these coatings was measured. Similar bioactivities were measured for both 100% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, revealing high viability in the application of both for antioxidant coating purposes, though activity losses as a result of the electrospinning process were above 60% in all cases. This work was supported by the research project “i.FILM-Multifunctional Films for Intelligent and Active Applications” (n◦ 17921) cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the “Portugal 2020” Program, Call no. 33/SI/2015, Co-Promotion Projects and by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. This work was also supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Centro2020 through the following Projects: UIDB/04044/2020, UIDP/04044/2020, PAMI—ROTEIRO/0328/2013 (N◦ 022158) and MATIS Molecules 2020, 25, 4060 11 of 12 (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000014-3362). Also, this study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Algae and seaweeds are used in cookery since the beginnings of human civilization, par ticularly in several Asian cultures. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites produced by aquatic and terrestrial plants for their natural defense against external stimuli, which possess pow erful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that can be very important for the food industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a whey protein concentrate active coating, incorporated with a Fucus vesiculosus extract in order to delay the lipid oxidation of chicken breasts. Ten hydroeth anolic extracts from F. vesiculosus were obtained and their antioxidant capacity was evaluated through two antioxidant activity assays: the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assay. The total content in phenolics compounds was also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The chosen extract was the one obtained from the freeze-dried F. vesiculosus using 75% (v/v) ethanol as extraction solvent. The extract was successfully incorporated into a whey protein film and successfully strengthened the thickness, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. The active film also was able to inhibit the chicken breasts lipid oxidation for 25 days of storage. This work was supported by the research project “i.FILM–Multifunctional Films for Intel ligent and Active Applications” (n° 17921) cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the “Portugal 2020” Program, Call no. 33/SI/2015, Co-Promotion Projects and by the Integrated Pro gramme of SR&TD “Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. Mariana An drade is grateful for her research grant (SFRH/BD/138730/2018) funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). João Reboleira is grateful for his research grant (2016/iFILM/BM) in the frame of iFILM project. This work was supported by MEtRICs unit which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04077/2020) and by CECA unit which is financed from FCT/MCTES through national funds (UIDB/00211/2020) [v.souza@campus.fct.unl.pt (V.G.L.S.); ala@fct.unl.pt (A.L.F.); ana.silva@iniav.pt (A.S.S.)]. This work was supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The International Symposium on Marine Natural Products (MaNaPro) happened for the first time in 1975 in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, organized by Professor Ronald H [...]