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Two new mealybug species, Paracoccus gillianwatsonae Zhang, sp. nov. and P. wui Zhang, sp. nov., collected from Jiangxi, South China, are described and illustrated based on the morphology of adult females. Paracoccus gillianwatsonae is similar to P. burnerae (Brain, 1915), but it differs in having fewer pairs of cerarii, and in lacking both ventral oral collar tubular ducts on the margins of the head and translucent pores on the hind femur. Paracoccus wui resembles P. keralae Williams, 2004 and P. neocarens (Lit, 1992), but it differs in lacking ventral oral collar tubular ducts on the margins of the head and in having multilocular disc-pores usually in double rows at the posterior edges of abdominal segments V and VI. A key to the Paracoccus species found in China is provided.

Abstract Background The carriers of damaging heterozygous variants in interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein-like (IRF2BPL), encoding a member of the IRF2BP family of transcriptional regulators, may be affected by a variety of neurological symptoms, such as neurodevelopmental regression, language and motor developmental delay, seizures, progressive ataxia and a lack of coordination, and even dystonia. Case presentation We report a Chinese boy who presented with dystonia, dysarthria, and normal development due to nonsense IRF2BPL mutation, with intact imaging and EEG findings but without developmental delays or seizures. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant IRF2BPL (NM_024496) Exon C.562C > T (p.Arg188*). Conclusion This case report presents a Chinese boy with a novel nonsense variant in IRF2BPL, displaying rapid progressive dystonia and dysarthria, without early developmental delay or epilepsy; expands the IRF2BPL phenotypes in the Chinese population; and raises awareness of patients with IRF2BPL.

The gregarious ectoparasitic beetle Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) is considered a primary biocontrol agent for controlling several cerambycid pests in East Asian countries. A thorough study of reproductive behavior is a prerequisite for the mass production of natural insect predators. Nonetheless, little attention has been given to this ectoparasitic beetle. We performed a series of trials to assess whether the adult copulation duration, a key behavioral trait, is differentially influenced by physiological and ecological factors, including body size, mating history, kinship, sex ratio, mating sequence, feeding status, ambient temperature, photoperiod, and time of day. Additionally, the effect of the copulation duration on the reproductive output of this beetle was also investigated. The results indicated that the copulation duration varied considerably, ranging from 1.12 min to 16.40 min and lasting for an average of 9.11 ± 0.12 min. Females with longer copulations laid more eggs and had a greater proportion of eggs hatched. Medium-sized individuals copulated significantly longer than small- and large-sized individuals. The copulation durations were significantly longer when both sexes experienced an asymmetric mating history than when both sexes experienced a symmetric mating history. Inbred couples copulated significantly longer than outbred couples. In terms of the adult sex ratio, increasing the density of females (polygamous group) or males (polyandrous group) led to significantly longer copulation durations than those in the monogamous group. The copulation durations gradually decreased with increasing the mating sequence and temperature. Food-absence couples copulated significantly longer than food-presence couples. The mean copulation duration of the scotophase was significantly longer than that of the photophase. These results demonstrate that all of the analyzed factors emerge as important factors influencing the copulation duration, ultimately affecting the reproductive outputs in this ectoparasitic beetle.

IntroductionItch is a common symptom of many skin and systemic diseases. Identifying novel endogenous itch mediators and the downstream signaling pathways involved will contribute to the development of new strategies for the treatment of chronic itch. In the present study, we adopted behavioral testing, patch clamp recording and metabonomics analysis to investigate the role of agmatine in itch and the underlying mechanism.MethodsBehavioral analysis was used to evaluate the establishing of acute and chronic itch mice model, and to test the effects of different drugs or agents on mice itch behavior. Western blotting analysis was used to test the effect of agmatine on phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) expression in the spinal cord. Patch clamp recording was used to determine the effect agmatine on the excitability of DRG neurons and the role of ASIC3. Finally, the metabonomics analysis was performed to detect the concentration of agmatine in the affected skin under atopic dermatitis or psoriasis conditions.ResultsWe fused a mouse model and found that an intradermal injection of agmatine (an endogenous polyamine) into the nape of the neck or cheek induced histamine-independent scratching behavior in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ablation of nociceptive C-fibers by resiniferatoxin (RTX) abolished agmatine-induced scratching behavior. However, agmatine-induced itch was not affected by the pharmacological inhibition of either transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1); similar results were obtained from TRPV1−/− or TRPA1−/− mice. Furthermore, agmatine-induced itch was significantly suppressed by the administration of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) inhibitors, APETx2 or amiloride. Agmatine also induced the upregulation of p-ERK in the spinal cord; this effect was inhibited by amiloride. Current clamp recording showed that the acute perfusion of agmatine reduced the rheobase and increased the number of evoked action potentials in acute dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons while amiloride reversed agmatine-induced neuronal hyperexcitability. Finally, we identified significantly higher levels of agmatine in the affected skin of a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) when compared to controls, and the scratching behavior of AD mice was significantly attenuated by blocking ASIC3.DiscussionCollectively, these results provide evidence that agmatine is a novel mediator of itch and induces itch via the activation of ASIC3. Targeting neuronal ASIC3 signaling may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of itch.

IntroductionPaclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug that is commonly used to treat cancer, but it can cause paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) as a side effect. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has been shown to be effective in promoting the resolution of inflammation and chronic pain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RvD1 on PINP and its underlying mechanisms in mice.MethodsBehavioral analysis was used to assess the establishment of the PINP mouse model and to test the effects of RvD1 or other formulations on mouse pain behavior. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to detect the impact of RvD1 on 12/15 Lox, FPR2, and neuroinflammation in PTX-induced DRG neurons. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of RvD1 on FPR2, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression in DRG induced by PTX. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of DRG neurons induced by BMDM conditioned medium. H2DCF-DA staining was used to detect the reactive oxygen species level of DRG neurons in the presence of PTX or RvD1+PTX treated BMDMs CM.ResultsExpression of 12/15-Lox was decreased in the sciatic nerve and DRG of mice with PINP, suggesting a potential involvement of RvD1 in the resolution of PINP. Intraperitoneal injection of RvD1 promoted pain resolution of PINP in mice. Intrathecal injection of PTX-treated BMDMs induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity in naïve mice, while pretreatment of RvD1 in BMDMs prevented it. Macrophage infiltration increased in the DRGs of PINP mice, but it was not affected by RvD1 treatment. RvD1 increased IL-10 expression in the DRGs and macrophages, while IL-10 neutralizing antibody abolished the analgesic effect of RvD1 on PINP. The effects of RvD1 in promoting IL-10 production were also inhibited by N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) antagonist. The primary cultured DRG neurons apoptosis increased after stimulation with condition medium of PTX-treated BMDMs, but decreased after pretreatment with RvD1 in BMDMs. Finally, Nrf2-HO1 signaling was additionally activated in DRG neurons after stimulation with condition medium of RvD1+PTX-treated BMDMs, but these effects were abolished by FPR2 blocker or IL-10 neutralizing antibody.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study provides evidence that RvD1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of PINP. RvD1/FPR2 upregulates IL-10 in macrophages under PINP condition, and then IL-10 activates the Nrf2- HO1 pathway in DRG neurons, relieve neuronal damage and PINP.

BackgroundNeurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel biomarker for the assessment of neurological function after cardiac arrest (CA). Although meta-analysis has confirmed its predictive value, it has not conducted a more detailed analysis of its research. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between serum NfL level and neurological prognosis in patients with spontaneous circulation recovery after CA, and subgroup analysis was conducted according to sample collection time, time to assess neurological function, study design, whether TTM was received, the method of specimen determination, and the presence of neurological disease in patients. To analyze the influence of these factors on the predictive value of serum NfL.MethodsPublished Cochrane reviews and an updated, extended search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, ClinicalKey, CINAHL, and Web of Science for relevant studies until March 2022 were assessed through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated using the random-effects model or fixed-effects model to assess the association between one variable factor NfL level and the outcome of CA patients. Subgroup analysis according to sample collection time was performed. The prognosis analysis and publication bias were also assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests.ResultsAmong 1209 related articles for screening, 6 studies (1360 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for meta-analysis. The level of serum NfL in the good prognosis group (CPC1-2, CPC: cerebral performance category score) was significantly lower than that in the poor prognosis group (CPC3-5)SMD(standardized mean difference) = 0.553, 95%CI(confidence interval) = 0.418-0.687, I2 = 65.5% PConclusionNfL may play a potential neuroprognostication role in postcardiac arrest patients with spontaneous circulation, regardless of when the sample was collected after CA.

Ganciclovir (GCV) is a prodrug nucleoside analogue and is clinically used as antiviral drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other infections. Based on the potential anti-inflammatory activity of GCV, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ganciclovir on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC), which may involve cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways. Our results demonstrated that incubation of GCV (50 μM) inhibited cGAS-STING pathway in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Then, it was found that intestinal cGAS-STING pathways were upregulated in UC patients, Crohn’s disease colitis (CD) patients, and DSS-induced colitis mice. Intraperitoneal injection of low-dose GCV (10 mg/kg/day) attenuated DSS-induced colitis and abdominal pain in mice. GCV treatment significantly inhibited the upregulation of cGAS-STING pathway in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, DSS-induced colitis and gut dysbiosis was markedly attenuated in STING deficient mice compared with that of wild-type (WT) mice. Finally, there was lacking therapeutic effect of GCV on DSS-induced colitis in STING deficient mice. Together, our results indicated that low-dose GCV ameliorated DSS-induced UC in mice, possibly through inhibiting STING signaling in colonic macrophages, indicating that GCV may be useful for the treatment of UC.

Abstract This study aimed to focus on the high-value utilization of raw wheat gluten by determining the potent antioxidant peptides and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from wheat gluten oligopeptides (WOP). WOP were analyzed for in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibition of ACE, and the identification of active peptides was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis was performed for highly active peptides. Five potent antioxidant peptides, Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (6.07 ± 0.38, 7.28 ± 0.29, 11.18 ± 1.02, 5.93 ± 0.20 and 9.04 ± 0.47 mmol 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent/g sample, respectively), and five potent ACE inhibitory peptides, Leu-Tyr, Leu-Val-Ser, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values = 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.60 ± 0.03, 2.00 ± 0.13, 1.47 ± 0.08 and 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol/L, respectively), were observed. The contents of Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser were 155.04 ± 8.36, 2.08 ± 0.12, 1.95 ± 0.06, 22.70 ± 1.35, 0.25 ± 0.01, and 53.01 ± 2.73 μg/g, respectively, in the WOP. Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser are novel antioxidative/ACE inhibitory peptides that have not been previously reported. The results suggest that WOP could potentially be applied in the food industry as a functional additive.

A new mealybug species Atrococcus rushuiensis Zhang, sp. nov., collected under the leaf sheath of Sporobolus fertilis (Poaceae) in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. A new combination is introduced, transferring Allotrionymus shanxiensis Wu to the genus Atrococcus as A. shanxiensis (Wu), comb. nov. A key is presented for the species of Atrococcus recorded from China.

Itching is a common symptom of many skin or systemic diseases and has a negative impact on the quality of life. Zinc, one of the most important trace elements in an organism, plays an important role in the regulation of pain. Whether and how zinc regulates itching is largely unclear. Herein, we explored the role of Zn2+ in the regulation of acute and chronic itch in mice. It is found that intradermal injection (i.d.) of Zn2+ dose-dependently induced acute itch and transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) participated in Zn2+-induced acute itch in mice. Moreover, the pharmacological analysis showed the involvement of histamine, mast cells, opioid receptors, and capsaicin-sensitive C-fibers in Zn2+-induced acute itch in mice. Systemic administration of Zn2+ chelators, such as N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), pyrithione, and clioquinol were able to attenuate both acute itch and dry skin-induced chronic itch in mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis showed that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of zinc transporters (ZIPs and ZnTs) significantly changed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) under dry skin-induced chronic itch condition in mice. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was induced in the DRG and skin by the administration of zinc or under dry skin condition, which was inhibited by systemic administration of Zn2+ chelators. Finally, we found that the expression of GPR39 (a zinc-sensing GPCR) was significantly upregulated in the dry skin mice model and involved in the pathogenesis of chronic itch. Together, these results indicated that the TRPA1/GPR39/ERK axis mediated the zinc-induced itch and, thus, targeting zinc signaling may be a promising strategy for anti-itch therapy.

Chronic itch is a common distressing symptom of many diseases, which reduced patient's quality of life. The mechanistic study on itch and screening for new anti-itch drugs require the development of new pre-clinical itch animal models. Herein, we established an acute itch model by intradermal (i.d.) injection of low-dose formalin into the neck or cheek in mice. In mice, i.d. injection of formalin (0.1–5%) in the nape of the neck evoked robust scratching behavior in a dose-dependent manner and the dose–response curves showed an inverted “U” shape. I.d. injection of formalin (0.3–0.6%) into the cheek evoked scratching in mice but wiping in rats, while formalin (1.25–5%) induced mixed wiping and scratching behavior in both mice and rats. Further, we found that 0.3% formalin-induced scratching was histamine-independent and significantly attenuated by transient receptor potential ion channel A1 (TRPA1) inhibitor (HC030031) or in TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice, but not affected by transient receptor potential ion channel V1 (TRPV1) inhibitor (capsazepine) or in TRPV1 KO mice. Additionally, 0.3% formalin-induced up-regulation of phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and scratching were suppressed by intrathecal injection of MEK inhibitor U0126 in mice. Incubation of 0.03% formalin induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cultured DRG-derived cell line ND7-23, and formalin-induced itch was suppressed by antioxidants in mice. Finally, perfusion of 0.03% formalin induced elevation of intracellular calcium in a subset of primary cultured DRG neurons of mice. Thus, these results indicate that low-dose formalin induced non-histaminergic itch by activation of TRPA1 in mice, which may be employed as a useful acute itch model for screening potential anti-itch drugs.

Opioids are the most effective analgesics used in the clinical management of cancer pain or non-cancer pain. However, chronic opioids therapy can cause many side effects including respiratory depression, nausea, sedation, itch, constipation, analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, high addictive potential, and abuse liability. Opioids exert their effects through binding to the opioid receptors belonging to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, including mu opioid receptor (MOR), delta opioid receptor (DOR), and kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Among them, MOR is essential for opioid-induced analgesia and also responsible for adverse effects of opioids. Importantly, MOR can form heterodimers with other opioid receptors and non-opioid receptors in vitro and in vivo, and has distinct pharmacological properties, different binding affinities for ligands, downstream signaling, and receptor trafficking. This mini review summarized recent progress on the function of Mu opioid receptor heterodimers, and we proposed that targeting mu opioid receptor heterodimers may represent an opportunity to develop new therapeutics, especially for chronic pain treatment.

A study of the genus Paraputo Laing, 1929 (Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from China is provided. Eight Paraputo species are recognized in China, of which two species, P. platani sp. n. and P. yunnanensis sp. n., are described as new and P. banzigeri Williams, 2004 is recorded from China for the first time. Two new combinations are introduced, involving transfer of P. citricola Tang, 1992 and P. sinensis Borchsenius, 1962 to the genus Formicococcus Takahashi, 1928. A key to the Paraputo species of China is provided.

A selenium-chelating pea oligopeptide (Se-POP) was prepared from pea oligopeptide (POP) and sodium selenite (SS) via chelation. Se-POP is rich in organic selenium as 57.23% ± 0.36%. The chelation reaction was spontaneous and endothermic, with a binding constant Ka = 2.64 × 104 ± 1.60 × 103 M−1 and binding site number n = 0.27 ± 0.01. Spectral analysis indicated protein conformational changes consistent with chelation, that the peptide chain to fold and curl, causing random coil and β-turn decreasing and the peptide side-chain radicals folding and burying. The antioxidant capacity of Se-POP was increased relative to that of POP. One novel antioxidant peptide fragment was obtained from Se-POP and identified as PPKIYP, presenting at a concentration of 29.47 ng/mg. The results indicated that Se-POP might be a new organic Se supplement with antioxidant capacity, which may be easily absorbed due to its low molecular weight.

The patient was a 53-year-old female who was admitted for “numbness and weakness of lower extremities, urinary and defecation dysfunction for 4 years” in September 2016. Four years ago, the patient felt numbness and weakness of lower extremities, with chest zonesthesia and back pain. The weakness of left lower extremity got severer next morning and she cannot feel her left foot on the pedal when riding bicycle. At night, she presented numbness under umbilicus level, feet scuff and urine retention. She was also unable to squat. No fever, headache, vomiting or visual defect was found. She was treated as stroke which showed no effect. Two days later, the numbness extended to thoracic level with no sweating below, dyspnea, deep voice, bucking, dysphagia and weakness of both upper and lower extremities. Spinal MRI showed a long T1 signal and long T2 signal extended cervical cord lesion from C4-T5 segments and spinal cord swelling. She was suspected to have multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), thus prednisone was given that resulted in the improvement other than numbness of lower extremities, stagger and bladder dysfunction. In the following 4 years, alike symptoms relapsed every year. Though the glucocorticoid treatment was helpful for symptoms remission, sequelae including extremities numbness, weakness, stagger, urinary incontinence and intermittent constipation were left. The predisposing and relieving factors were unclear for relapse. Six months ago, the patient stopped the glucocorticoid treatment by herself, followed by the increase of attack frequencies. One month ago, she got diplopia in the right eye. The patient was admitted for further diagnosis and treatment. Since the onset of symptoms, the patient has been conscious. The appetite and defecation have been normal. No dryness of mouth and eye, shin rash, Reynolds Syndrome, photosensitization and joint pain was noticed. She has a weight loss of 5kg, during which time the weight increased apparently once because of the intake of glucocorticoid. Past history, personal history and family history: Her left eye lost sight because of cataracts secondary to repeated episodes of uveitis 30 years ago. She received thyroid hormone therapy for 6 years because of hypothyroidism and withdrew one year ago without the guidance of a doctor. Three years ago she was diagnosed with cataracts in the right eye and treated with pupilplasty+phaco+intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery. She also had severe vertebral compression fractures 2 years ago. Physical examination: T 36.7℃, R 19/min, BP 90/51mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa), SaO2 99%; The patient was thin and had a thoracic kyphosis malformation. No edema, ulcer or rash was found on her skin. She was awake, alert, and able to respond to commands. The left eye was blind and showed enophthalmos. Visual partially loss was detected in the right eye with normal visual field. Eye movements were normal without nystagmus. Muscle capacity decreased partially. The muscle strength was 4 of right upper limb, 5 of left upper limb, 3 of right lower limb and 4 of left lower limb. Muscle tone of right upper limb was high. The heel-to-knee tests of right side and Romberg test were not stable. She walked with spastic gait. The tendon reflexes of both upper and lower limbs were active. The Babinski and Chaddock signs of both sides were positive. Hypoesthesia was present in the right cheek. The pinprick, vibration and touch sensation lost partially below T4 level while only vibration sensation lost below T12 level. Investigations: The blood, urine and stool routine tests, biochemical tests, coagulation tests, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests were all normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 38mm/h (0-20mm/h); IgG 24.16g/L (7-17g/L), C3 0.62g/L (0.73-1.46g/L), C4 0.08g/L (0.1-0.4g/L), rheumatoid factor (RF) 158.20IU/ml (0-20IU/ml). The immunofixation electrophoresis was negative. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) 1:640 (＜1：40), antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), antiphospholipid antibody were negative. DNA-immunofluorescence (IF) 1:10 (＜1：5), DNS-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 296IU/ml (＜100IU/ml); Tumor biomarkers screening showed no positive finding. Serum iron 8.243umol/L (8.59-30.43 umol/L), transferrin 18.06umol/L (22.72-40.90 umol/L), total iron binding capacity 41.35umol/L (44.75-80.55 umol/L), transferrin saturation 16.70% (25-50%). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was clear. The routine, biochemistry and lactic acid of CSF were within normal range. Cytological examination was negative. AQP-4 antibody (also named NMO-IgG) in CSF was 1:100. No abnormal finding showed in the chest CT and cranial MRI. Thoracic spinal cord MRI showed a longitudinally extensive high intensity lesion on spinal cord of C7-T7 segments in sagittal T2WI and compression fractures of T7-10, especially T7-8. Labial salivary gland biopsy showed lymphocytes infiltration. Diagnosis and treatment: After admission, she was treated with vitamin B (vitamin B1 10mg 3 times/d and mecobalamine 0.5mg 3 times/d), ginkgo capsule 400mg 3 times/d and baclofen 5mg 3 times/d orally. She was diagnosed as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), connective tissue disease (CTD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS). Thyroxine replacement therapy (levothyroxine sodium 50μg/d) and calcium supplements (calcium carbonate 500mg/d, calcitriol 0.3μg 2 times/d, alendronate sodium 70mg/week) and orthosis were taken according to the endocrinologists and orthopedists. She was treated with azathioprine (50mg/d) and methyprednisolone pulse therapy (500mg/d, intravenous drip) followed by oral methylprednisolone (50mg/d). The dose of methylprednisolone decreases by 5mg/d every two weeks. Two months later, the patients showed improvement in walking while no obvious change was noticed of other symptoms and signs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.03.014

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy characterized by progressive numbness and weakness of the extremities, atrophy and paresthesia, with genetic mutations in various associated genes such as PMP22, in most cases. Most CMT patients suffer from mild to moderate paresthesia, but only 20-30% of them complain of pain in the limbs. Diabetes mellitus also causes abnormal sensation in peripheral nerves and might arouse confusion in the diagnosis of CMT especially in those with comorbidity of diabetes. Here, we present a late onset case of a PMP22 heterozygote complicated with one year of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who has significant tingling in his fingers and toes. We also present a typical neural ultrasound image of a diffusedly thickened nerve of this patient in support of the diagnosis of CMT1. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.014

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.08.014

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.12.012

The size of the femoral head and acetabular anteversion are crucial for stability in total hip replacements. This study examined the effects of head diameter and acetabular anteversion on the posterior instability after total hip replacement in an in vivo setting. The acetabular shell was inserted at 0-20° of anteversion at five degree intervals. By using different head sizes (28 mm, 32 mm, 36 mm), the degrees of dislocation were recorded by computer navigation. The 36-mm group consistently showed better stability compared with the 32- and 28-mm groups, regardless of the degree of cup anteversion. Within each group of head size, the hip was significantly more stable when the cup anteversion increased from 0° to 10°. The difference became insignificant when it increased from 15° to 20°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]