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Electromagnetic shielding fabric (ESF) is a novel electromagnetic shielding product with portability, flexibility, and good mechanical properties. However, the existing ESFs suffer from poor washing fastness of coating and poor comfort performance in terms of hand-feel characteristic. In this study, a core layer-coated yarn (CLCY) was successfully spun using a carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole/Fe3O4 composite suspension with polyvinyl butyral as an adhesive agent. To better explore the properties, the original fabric and treated fabrics, viz., core layer-coated fabric (CLCF) and surface layer-coated fabric (SLCF), were characterized by several methods. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that the coating was on the core layer in CLCF. In addition, the Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy results revealed that the composition of the coating corresponds with that in the multi-composite suspension. Moreover, the coating of CLCY formed a conductive path with good conductivity in the core layer, but the conductivity of the coating on the surface layer of SLCF deteriorated sharply after washing. Further, compared with the original fabric and SLCF, CLCF has highest breaking strength (after 10 washes), and keeps a relatively good hand-feel characteristic. Finally, the evaluated electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics reveal that the fastness of coating affects the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, suggesting that the wrapped protection of outside staple fibers in CLCF reduce the loss of coating in the core layer during washing. However, the coating on the surface layer in SLCF could be washed away easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High power laser interactions with metal targets are of great theoretical significance and are widely encountered in engineering applications. However, there are few efforts to investigate the liquid cooling effect when the metal target is in contact with a liquid, as is usually the case of the fuel tank of a missile. To study the flow physics and heat transfer characteristics during the interaction, a 3-D unsteady conjugate conduction-natural convection model is developed in this paper and an experiment is also performed to validate the model. The simulation results, using the parameters of the experiment, show that the heat exchange takes place mainly in the vicinity of the metal/liquid interface. At the initial stage of laser irradiation, the natural convection effect is not remarkable and the heat transfer intensity is weak. After that, the heat transfer coefficient increases gradually and approaches to a constant value. Moreover, the temperature variation of the metal plate and the velocity field variation of the liquid are shown to be in well agreement with the ones obtained by experiment, which validates the numerical model. This model can be further used to predict the fluid flow and heat transfer mechanisms in other configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the DNA sequences and clinical phenotypes of four cases with rare thalassemia to improve its recognition and accurate diagnosis. Methods: The DNA sequence characteristics of four cases with rare thalassemia diagnosed from May 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and related literature was reviewed. Results: The results of the routine gene test for thalassemia indicated that the common three type of deletion and three point mutations in hemoglobin alpha 1/2 (HBA1/A2) , and 16 point mutations in hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene were unable to be detected in cases 1-3, and case 4 was--SEA. However, the results of HBA1/A2 and HBB whole-genome sequencing revealed that the four cases had a point mutation of HBB:c.347C>A, HBB:c.1A>G, HBB:c.393T>G, and HBA2: c.301-1G>A (IVS II-142 G>A) , respectively. Meanwhile, the father, aunt, and grandfather of case 2 carried the HBB:c.1 A>G heterozygous point mutation. Conclusion: The novel mutations in HBB and HBA2 genes, resulting in a rare thalassemia, were revealed. Among them, the HBB:c.347C>A, HBB:c.1A>G, and HBA2:c.301-1G>A (IVS II-142 G>A) mutations were first reported in Chinese patients with thalassemia. Contrarily, HBB:c.393T>G mutation has not yet been recorded in the databases of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia. The discovery of these novel nucleotide variants in this study would enrich the DNA mutation gene database of thalassemia.

The translocation of different inorganic phosphorus (Pi) forms in a low-P soil (Langfang experimental station, Hebei province, China) over time was investigated using P fractionation extraction and a (32)P tracer technique. The L-value and P availability of the soil was assessed using 5 different maize genotype (Zea mays L.) cultivars. The results showed that the different Pi fractions in the soil increased in the order of H(2)SO(4)-extractable P (Ca(10)-P) > Na(3)C(6)H(5)O(7)-Na(2)S(2)O(4)-extractable P (O-P) > NH(4)Ac-extractable P (Ca(8)-P) > NaHCO(3)-extractable P (Ca(2)-P), NH(4)F-extractable P (Al-P), NaOH-Na(2)CO(3)-extractable P (Fe-P), and the content of plant-unavailable P (Ca(10)-P + O-P) was high, up to 79.1%, which might be an important reason for P deficiency in this low-P soil. The (32)P tracer results showed that after the addition of (32)P-Pi to the soil with no P fertilizer applied for 25 d, 29.0% of (32)P was quickly transformed into Ca(2)-P (rapidly available P), and 66.1% of (32)P was transformed into Al-P, Fe-P and Ca(8)-P (slowly available P). Only 5.0% of (32)P was transformed into O-P and Ca(10)-P (plant-unavailable P). Moreover, in the soil with P fertilizer applied, (32)P transformation into Ca(2)-P increased, and the transformation into Ca(8)-P + Fe-P + AL-P and O-P, Ca(10)-P significantly decreased compared to the soil with no P fertilizer applied (p < 0.05). This result suggested a higher rate for water-soluble P transformation to slowly available and plant-unavailable P in P deficient soil than in soil with sufficient P. The results of maize L-value determination showed that different genotype maize cultivars had different soil P-use efficiency and low-P tolerance mechanisms. Low-P tolerant cultivar DSY-32 regulated soil P-use efficiency and plant P content according to exogenous P fertilizer application. However, another low-P tolerant cultivar, DSY-2, used soil P more efficiently, regardless of the application of exogenous P., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it was found that the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were changed, the shape of the chloroplasts altered and the numbers of grana that were asymmetrical increased; the numbers of grana and thylakoids decreased under the stress of Cd and Zn. The results indicated that the complex pollution involving Cd and Zn resulted in the membrane system of chloroplasts being damaged. When external phosphorus was applied, the numbers of damaged chloroplasts were significantly reduced and the nucleoli were better formed than those that did not receive phosphorus treatment. Moreover, many phosphate deposits were found in the vacuoles and on the surface of the roots, which were formed by phosphorus complexing with Cd (K(sp)=2.53x10(-33)) and Zn (K(sp)=9.00x10(-33)), respectively. Treatment with phosphorus conduced an increased chlorophyll content in plants compared with those that did not receive external phosphorus.

Cadmium (Cd) is known to be closely related to the development of children's intelligence. To investigate the clinical significance of the hair cadmium content in the diagnosis of mental retardation (MR), 415 normal and 85 MR children's hair cadmium contents were measured by 79-1 anodic stripping voltmeter. The data were processed by an Apple-II microcomputer. Comparing the median value and using the Chi-square test the Cd contents in the hair of both male and female MR children were obviously higher than those of normal children (P less than 0.001). If the Cd content in the hair of male children is higher than 0.239 microgram/g, and higher than 0.180 microgram/g in the female, MR can be diagnosed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test are greater than 90%; false positive and false negative rates are lower than 10%. Hair Cd can be used as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of MR and may be important in the screening for MR.