Search

Yu-Han Hu,1,* Shuai Ma,1,* Xiang-Nan Zhang,2 Zhe-Ying Zhang,1 Hui-Fang Zhu,1,2 Ying-Hua Ji,3 Jian Li,4 Xin-Lai Qian,1,2 Yong-Xia Wang1,2 1Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong-Xia Wang; Xin-Lai QianDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15090325842; +86-13839073820Email 58866999@qq.com; qxlfssws@163.comBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications play essential roles in the development of CRC. ADHFE1 is a differentially expressed gene that has been reported to be hypermethylated in CRC. However, the role and mechanism of ADHFE1 in the proliferation of CRC remain unclear.Materials and methods: ADHFE1 expression was analyzed in CRC tissues by IHC and qRT-PCR, and the relationship between ADHFE1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Cell proliferation were assessed by the in vitro and in vivo experimental models. GSEA assay was performed to explore the mechanism of ADHFE1 in the proliferation of CRC. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to detect the activation of the cell cycle signaling. Bisulfite genomic sequence (BSP) assay was used to test the methylation degree of ADHFE1 gene promoter in CRC tissues.Results: Here, we verified that ADHFE1 was down-regulated and hypermethylated in CRC tissues. The down-regulation of ADHFE1 was correlated with poor differentiation and advanced TNM stage of CRC patients. And ADHFE1 expression restored when the CRC cell line SW620 was treated with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-CdR. Overexpression of ADHFE1 inhibited the proliferation of CRC, while ADHFE1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ADHFE1 overexpression could induce a significant G1-S cell cycle arrest in CRC cells and vice versa.Conclusion: Hypermethylation of ADHFE1 might promote cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle progression in CRC, potentially providing a new therapeutic target for CRC patients.Keywords: ADHFE1, colorectal cancer, hypermethylation, proliferation, cell cycle

Taking into account the interaction between electrons and phonons, we study the dynamical behavior of a mesoscopic dissipative circuit for two classes of pure initial states (grand canonical ensemble and number state) of phonon bath modes. In the long time limit t→∞: when the environment is initially at thermal equilibrium, the average values of current and charge in the circuit system will only depend on the average values of the circuit in initial quantum state, and they are not related with the environment; when the environment is initially in number state, the time evolution of the average values of current and charge are just the same as that in thermal equilibrium, which indicates that the average values of current and charge are related to certain set of occupied numbers. The quantum fluctuations of current and charge in the circuit not only depend on the initial state of the system but also depend on the quantum state and temperature of the environment. Generally, the entanglement between the circuit system and environment will lead to the reduction of the purity of the quantum state. The mesoscopic circuit will remain in a pure quantum state only when the environment is at very low temperature and at thermal equilibrium.

According to the LR invariant theory, the mesoscopic RLC circuit driven by a alternating current source was discussed. The mutual coupling of electron wave functions between the two plates of capacitor and the resistance of the circuit were taken into account. In our conclusion, the quantum states which dominate the dynamic property of the system and the time evolution operator of the mesoscopic circuit were obtained. The wave function of the mesoscopic RLC system will evolve from an arbitrary initial state to a generalized squeezed state.

Based on the fact that a mesoscopic capacitor can be regarded as a mesoscopic tunnel junction, we quantized the mesoscopic LC circuit by using the rotating -wave approximation.The study shows: Considering the coupled energy of the meso scopic capacitor, the system of the mesoscopic LC circuit will be equivalent to a Kerr system. We also used the thermal field dynamic theory to investigate the thermal Kerr state at a definite temperature and calculated the quantum fluc tuation of both charge and magnetic flux, and discussed the results.

Based on the discreteness of electric charge, the influences of an external magnetic filed on the persistent current of the mesoscopic coupling metallic rings are investigated. The results obtained indicate that there is an additional persistent current in each mesoscopic metallic ring. The additional persistent currents are related to the circuit parameter and coupling coefficient. If the external magnetic flux varies according to sine law, the effect of double-frequency and division-frequency appears in these rings.

A scheme is presented for preparing the superposition of coherent states,i.e.,Schr?dinger cat states. These states can be generated by the action of an external impulse functional signal on initial vaccum state of a mesoscopic LC circuit. The nonclassical squeezing properties appear in the circuit under the Schr?dinger cat states.

In this paper, the influences of an external pulse on the variation of the quantum state of a mesoscopic RLC circuit are investigated emphatically. Our research result indicates that the transition probabilities of the variation of the quantum state are adjusted by controlling the variation of the pulse parameters when the parameters of the mesoscopic circuit are constant. We point out that the quantum state of a system is stable when the width of the pulse is equal to the integral times of the minimum fixed value. The minimum fixed value is not related to the altitude of pulse but the circuit parameters. The larger the resistance, the wider the minimum fixed width of the external pulse.

By keeping the frequency of non-dissipative mesoscopic LC circuit a constant and its parameter varying with the step function, the quantum state of the circuit evolves to a squeezed even coherent state from the initial even coherent state. The nonclassical properties, not only squeezing but also antibunching effects, appear in the circuit by adjusting its inductor parameter under the squeezed even coherent state.

First-principle calculations are carried out to investigate the energies and the electronic structures of Mg2Ni alloy and its high/low temperature hydrides. Results show that strong bonding interaction between Mg and Ni atoms exists in the Mg2Ni alloy. With H inserted, the charge transfer occurs from Mg to Ni-3d, which gives rise to a band gap between Ni-3d and Ni-4p orbitals. The interaction between Mg and Ni in LT/HT-Mg2NiH4 hydrides is weakened due to the covalent bonding between Ni-4s and H-1s. Therefore, it neads more energy to remove H atoms from LT-Mg2NiH4 than from HT-Mg2NiH4, indicating that HT-Mg2NiH4 is more suitable for de-hydrogenation reaction while the LT-Mg2NiH4 is suitable for hydrogenation reaction.