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Interest in natural polymers has increased because of their unique properties, and these polymers have recently found broad applications. However, further exploration of biosensor applications is necessary. Vitamin deficiencies lead to numerous diseases worldwide; consequently, detection of the vitamin pyridoxine (Pyr) is crucial. To that end, we investigated a polyaniline (PANi)-sulfonated cassava starch (SCS)-based nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of Pyr. Unlike other metal/metal oxide and polymer based composites, this biopolymer was prepared through a simple green synthesis route. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic ends in SCS provide greater surface area to accommodate PANi for composite formation. In addition, the SO3 groups replace the primary OH groups through sulfonation, thus increasing binding to the OH groups of Pyr. The enhanced redox behavior of the PANi/SCS nanocomposite enabled selective sensing of Pyr over a broad range of 400 nM to 900 µM, with a low detection limit of 39 nM. Finally, Pyr detection was evaluated on banana extract, thereby demonstrating the practical utility of this method. Thus, our composite is a promising platform for food diagnostic applications.

Cancer is one of the most harmful and deadliest diseases nowadays owing to its high infectious and mortality rate around the world. The risk of cancer exposure increases day today as a result of unhealthy and lavished lifestyle habits, occupational exposures, alcohol intake, and smoking practices. A novel approach by rapid detection at the beginning stage screening is important in this era for public health, despite the fact that numerous technologies are revolutionized for the cancer diagnosis.Also at a smaller size, cancerous lesions detection is very much important because the current techniques fail in this regard. The biosensors in the market provide the necessary features for effective and rapid determination of cancer infections in the human body. The excellent results of a biosensor such as reliability, fast with accuracy, can be effectively customized for the diagnosis of cancer biomarkers in the human body. Here in this review, we focussed on understanding biosensors, current advancements including various materials, and advantages over the conventional techniques followed by future perspectives. Finally, we wrap upby some suggestions and improvizations that might help with the quick identification of cancer disorders in the future.

Cancer is a complicated disease. Globally, it is one of the major causes for morbidity and mortality. A critical challenge associated with it is the difficulty to accurately diagnose it at an early stage. The malignancy due to multistage and heterogeneity that result from genetic and epigenetic modifications poses critical challenge to diagnose and monitor the progress at an early stage. Current diagnostic techniques normally suggest invasive biopsy procedure that can cause further infections and bleeding. Therefore, noninvasive diagnostic methods with high accuracy, safety and earliest detection are the needs of the hour. Herein, we provide a detailed review on the advanced methodologies and protocols developed for the detection of cancer biomarkers based on proteins, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, existing challenges and the improvements essential for the rapid, sensitive and noninvasive detection have also been discussed.