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Copyright of Investigaciones Regionales is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Ciencia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the peculiarities of conducting a forensic commodity examination of jewelry, which is appointed when it is necessary to investigate their value and other characteristics in such legal processes as civil, economic, administrative, criminal, as well as in case of violation of customs rules. The concept of «jewelry» is revealed in several aspects: as objects of commodity science, gemological examination, research of precious metals and alloys; their types depending on the materials of manufacture. The main categories of forensic examination of jewelry are considered: subject, objects of examination, tasks, methods and stages of research. The tasks of this research are classified into three groups: identification, classification, and diagnostic. The analysis of research tasks and methods is based on the demonstration of expert actions with precious products as a whole and their individual components - inserts, precious metals, precious stones, as well as accompanying documents. Based on the analysis of expert practice, methods of expert research of jewelry were determined, which include: organoleptic, instrumental (measuring), calculation methods, express method, value method of research. Taking into account that in order to conduct research on jewelry, the expert faces the task of determining the type, mass, quality and cost of the components and the product as a whole, the type of precious stone, precious metal, its content in the product, in practice a comprehensive examination is prescribed. A commodity expert, a gemologist and a specialist in metals and alloys are involved in conducting this expert study. It has been found that the stages of forensic examination of jewelry appear as a general structural and logical scheme of expert research. The main stages are defined as: preliminary inspection of the jewelry and analysis of accompanying documentation; research and analysis of the facts obtained by the expert; diagnostics of stones, metals regarding the study of inserts, etc.; documentation of an expert opinion. In order to improve the process of investigation of criminal offenses where jewelry is the object of the criminal offense, the main features of the forensic examination of the relevant jewelry are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The use of jewelry among healthcare professionals poses a risk of cross contamination due to potential bacterial accumulation and spread. Through a mixed-method design, this study first analyzed the implications of healthcare professionals wearing jewelry on patient care biosafety as well as on the residual bacterial load of hands and rings after hand hygiene. Firstly, an observational prevalence study to verify whether nursing professionals wear personal accessories during healthcare assistance was carried out. Second, an experimental design involving intentional contamination and hygiene of the hands, with and without a ring, was conducted. The bacterial load of both hands and rings was measured by counting colony forming units. The observational study showed that nursing workers frequently wear jewelry during healthcare assistance. Nonetheless, the experimental study did not indicate differences in bacterial contamination between hands with and without a ring, despite the hand hygiene procedure applied. In conclusion, many nursing workers wear jewelry in the workplace. Although hands with and without a ring exhibited similar microbial load, rings appeared as a potential source of bacterial contamination, reinforcing the need to remove jewelry during working hours. Hand hygiene using alcohol, or soap and water significantly decreased the bacterial load on the participants’ hands, with handwashing proving to be the most efficient method for removing intentional contamination.

The article deals with the materials of the collections of the early Middle Ages, kept in the museums of Barnaul. The main sources of study were items from the collections of the Altai State Museum of Regional Studies, the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Altai of Altai State University, and the Museum of Regional Studies of the Altai State Pedagogical University. The published materials are also considered. The purpose of the article is to summarize the available information about jewelry. During the work, a circle of archaeological sites was established in the south of Western Siberia, where they were found. The dating is determined by the time of the Odintsovo and Srostki culture. The information is presented in chronological sequence relative to the year of the excavation. The discovered jewelry is associated with burials. Quantitative indicators of their availability are taken into account. Among the most common products are earrings, beads, pendants, clasps, plaques. The main materials for making jewelry were non-ferrous metal. Bone or horn is less common. Glass, stones and paste were used for beads. The analysis of materials from the collections will allow us to continue work on the formation of a database, as well as on the creation of a classification and typology of jewelry.

The article publishes the materials of the burial mound No. 22 of the Kansar necropolis, located in the Kazakh Altai and dated to the VIII–IX centuries. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the burial of a high-ranking warrior from the Kimak tribal union, accompanied by an extensive set of weapons. This highlights his prestigious position in society. The article describes in detail the characteristics of the burial and the accompanying inventory, including an exquisitely decorated saber, iron arrowheads, an adze axe and an iron knife. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of the decorative and functional features of the saber, which is a key object of burial and testifies to the cultural contacts of the Kimaks with neighboring peoples. The article also reveals important aspects of the Kimak culture and military traditions, emphasizing the art of making weapons and the military power of this people. The study highlights the importance of the Kimaks in the history of Central and Central Asia, their role in shaping the cultural and political landscape of the region. The finds of barrow No. 22 open up new perspectives for understanding the cultural characteristics of the Kimak epoch and emphasize the importance of continuing research in this area.

The use of jewelry among healthcare professionals poses a risk of cross contamination due to potential bacterial accumulation and spread. Through a mixed-method design, this study first analyzed the implications of healthcare professionals wearing jewelry on patient care biosafety as well as on the residual bacterial load of hands and rings after hand hygiene. Firstly, an observational prevalence study to verify whether nursing professionals wear personal accessories during healthcare assistance was carried out. Second, an experimental design involving intentional contamination and hygiene of the hands, with and without a ring, was conducted. The bacterial load of both hands and rings was measured by counting colony forming units. The observational study showed that nursing workers frequently wear jewelry during healthcare assistance. Nonetheless, the experimental study did not indicate differences in bacterial contamination between hands with and without a ring, despite the hand hygiene procedure applied. In conclusion, many nursing workers wear jewelry in the workplace. Although hands with and without a ring exhibited similar microbial load, rings appeared as a potential source of bacterial contamination, reinforcing the need to remove jewelry during working hours. Hand hygiene using alcohol, or soap and water significantly decreased the bacterial load on the participants’ hands, with handwashing proving to be the most efficient method for removing intentional contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the emotional expression effect of jewellery, this article combines artificial intelligence technology to analyse the emotional expression in jewellery design. Aiming at the characteristics of high‐gloss materials such as strong reflectivity and translucency, starting from the classic ray tracing algorithm, this article strengthens the reflected light and projected light on the surface of the material, and proposes a realistic rendering algorithm for high‐gloss materials. Moreover, this article introduces the CUDA parallel computing architecture to give full play to the computing power of multi‐core computers, accelerate the calculation speed of the ray tracing algorithm, save the consumption of storage space, and improve the speed of real‐time rendering under the premise of ensuring realism. The experimental research results show that the emotional expression system for smart jewellery design proposed in this article has a certain effect, which can effectively improve the effect of jewellery design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conjunction with the swift enhancement of China's economic prowess, the demand for jewelry among the populace is gradually evolving towards personalized, customized, and intricate designs. Traditional manufacturing approaches are increasingly inadequate to meet these evolving demands. However, the advent of 3D printing technology presents a viable solution for the direct fabrication of such sophisticated jewelry. To this end, the conceptualization of personalized jewelry inspiration is initiated, followed by the implementation of parametric design using SolidWorks 2018 software. Subsequently, 3D printing technology is employed to materialize the jewelry directly. Results indicate that the "Guardian" jewelry model, crafted through the parametric modeling method, exhibits a commendable design, and adheres to processing requirements following a comprehensive risk analysis. The strategic adjustment of the jewelry's position effectively reduces the required support, circumventing the necessity of adding support to critical surfaces. The surface of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM)-manufactured "Guardian" jewelry boasts a lustrous finish, showcasing optimal overlap between pillars and excellent connectivity among pores. Minimal powder adherence on the surface is observed, enabling direct utilization post-sandblasting, polishing, and plating. This establishes a solid foundation for the direct application of SLM-manufactured personalized jewelry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the phenomenon of a specific type of personal adornment worn by members of the Scythian elite in the North Black Sea region in the second half of the 5th century and throughout the 4th century BCE. The discussion juxtaposes the records from 19th-century and early 20th-century excavations with contextual analyses of very recent discoveries from Ukraine, which shed significant new light on the appearance, production, and meaning of Scythian jewelry. The reconstruction of the shape of the jewelry type in question is greatly complicated by two factors: the lack of relevant depictions in the contemporary corpus of Scythian and Greco-Scythian figure scenes and misleading scholarly references to supposed analogies in a Roman-era mosaic, which became the chief reason for the misinterpretations of the ornament's appearance. Composed of numerous gold or gilded silver tubes; beads; pendants; and, sometimes, "buttons," this jewelry type is reconstructed in two gender-specific variants in this article: one mesh-like and the other with a cross-chest form. For over a hundred years, scholars have considered only the mesh variant to be the correct reconstruction. As a result, many costume reconstructions of this jewelry form in specialist research and museum displays alike are still proposed without a sufficient evidentiary base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger ring entrapment could compromise the neurovascular status of the finger if not treated promptly. We aimed to report two cases of neglected finger ring entrapment following minor blunt trauma to the hand and illustrate some lessons for clinical practice. Both patients were right-hand dominant, presented 3–4 weeks after the onset of symptoms, and had circumferential ulceration of the affected fingers. The removal of both rings was performed using a wire cutter and bender. Neglected finger ring entrapment could result in multiple sequelae of the affected finger. Timely invention in finger ring entrapment is crucial to forestall neurovascular sequelae. We recommend immediate removal of all jewellery on fingers following any form of hand trauma as a primary preventive measure. We also recommend that clinicians who intend to use a ring-cutting method assess the material used to forge the ring to aid proper selection of a cutting device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jewelry designer is interested in studying the appearance of the surface and researching the development of ancient techniques to obtain multiple enabling techniques for processing and enriching the appearance of the surface of jewelry. The technique is complex and the results are unexpected, The surface appears in color overlaps and ripples, This technology is used in the fields of metalworking by design. This technology is based on experience and is not compatible with repeated quantitative production. Therefore, other alternative techniques must be reached that give specific results by replacing the technical steps with the introduction of traditional or advanced techniques or combining more than one technique to obtain comprehensive techniques based on merging or mixing Metal mechanic between the elements. The research problem is summarized in the following question: Is it possible to obtain alternative enabling techniques for the mokume technique to prepare multi-colored metal slices and use them in the design of metal jewelry ?The research aims to find new design approaches for the treat metal surfaces by obtaining alternative enabling techniques for the Mokume technique to obtain surfaces of multiple colors and to take advantage of the color diversity in the surface appearance. The research used the descriptive, analytical and deductive approach, and the results of the research were represented in presenting alternative enabling techniques to the mokume technique, such as: The method of cutting slides or wires and distributing them on the surface of a metal slide by welding and then rolling, the method of using metallic pastes by placing them on the surface of a metal slide, then thermally treated and then rolling.

The need to digitalise economic sectors in today’s world is perceived as an objective reality. In the circulation of precious metals, precious stones and their products, the digitalisation process is at a fairly high level, with continuous improvement. The article analyses the progress made in achieving the goals of the implementation of the State Integrated Information System in the Sphere of Control over the Circulation of Precious Metals and Precious Stones at all stages (GIIS DMDK), which is the main project of digitalisation of the industry.

Background: It was found that goldsmiths were highly affected by improper body posture and workload. Twisting, bending over, and over-reaching are the results of poorly designed workstations; this will cause postural abnormality, and later on, this can lead to musculoskeletal-related disorders, in which forward head posture (FHP) is the most common postural abnormality. Therefore, to aware the workers about their musculoskeletal disorder as well as the analysis of the worker suffering from forward head posture (FHP). Materials and Methods: The study took place at the workplace of goldsmith workers in Nagpur, Maharashtra, for 1.5 years. With the confidence interval of 95%, an absolute precision of 15and based on a pilot study and literature reviews, the sample size was estimated to be 35.AGoniometer, camera(for photographic Images), laptop and twosided tape were used to determine the cranio-vertebral angle. Thirty-five goldsmiths participated in the study. The photographic method was used to evaluate cranio-vertebral angle, which helps to determine forward head posture. Result: In this study 35 goldsmith workers were evaluated with a mean age of 37±10 years, a mean working hour of 11±10 hours and a work experience of 18±9.8 years. Out of 35 goldsmiths 25 showed the prevalence of forward head posture, or 71.42% of them had forward head posture. Conclusion: Based on the results the present study which was conducted on goldsmith workers concluded that prevalence of forward head posture was 71.42% among the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synergy between additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and computational design strategies in jewellery and how that synergy can be successfully exploited to extend innovation in that field further. A case study called Ecdysis, a bioinspired jewellery collection, is presented. A dedicated computational algorithm has been developed and is described in detail. This algorithm allows for the exploitation of the shape and functional complexity dimensions allowed by AM and the control of the printability of the generated concept. Shape and functional complexity are exploited to mimic the beauty and dynamism of snakes' slithering mechanism. At the same time, starting from the developed algorithm, multiple digital models and physical prototypes have been fabricated, leveraging material extrusion, vat photopolymerisation, and powder bed fusion processes. This further development step of the collection thus confirms the versatility of both the proposed approach and AM technologies for jewellery. Therefore, the paper demonstrates how unique wearing experiences can be created and how uniqueness can be simultaneously preserved and democratised in jewellery by deepening the synergy between AM technologies and computational strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to give businesses useful information, the main goal of this study is to forecast future consumer purchases in the sustainable jewelry sector. Companies launching new goods, services, or modifications to their current offers must anticipate client behaviours. Businesses can learn a lot about how current customers behave by studying their behaviour in order to develop marketing and sales techniques that work. The study uses a variety of statistical and machine learning methods to forecast the most important elements influencing the purchasing of sustainable jewelry in order to achieve this. These variables span a wide range of characteristics, including gender, age, educational attainment, occupation, gross monthly income, marital status, previous jewelry purchase history, purchase intention, preferred shopping locations, online purchase influencers, consumer buying patterns, preferences for branded and non-branded jewelry, and participation in sustainable jewelry practices. In this study, supervised classification algorithms such Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Linear Discriminant Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree are compared over a wide range of machine learning approaches. To increase the predictive model's effectiveness and resilience, ensemble learning techniques including Random Forest, AdaBoost, and Bagging Classifiers are also introduced. A confusion matrix and classification report are the performance indicators used to assess these models. When used on a test dataset, these measures evaluate the model's precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 scores. These measurable metrics are essential for evaluating the models' reliability and efficacy. Notably, the study shows that the approaches of Random Forest, Decision Tree, Bagging Classifier, and Linear Discriminant Analysis continuously produce the highest accuracy rates, all of which stand at a remarkable 100% accuracy. Other used machine learning classifiers, such as Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and AdaBoost algorithms, which provide significantly lower accuracy scores, fall short of this degree of accuracy. The Random Forest Classifier, which boasts a remarkable accuracy score of 100% for the training dataset and a reasonable 53% for the testing dataset, is particularly noteworthy. This classifier surpasses its competitors, demonstrating its potency in forecasting purchases of sustainable jewelry. In order to forecast sustainable jewelry purchases, this study uses a rigorous methodology that draws on a variety of statistical and machine learning models. The Random Forest Classifier is the most accurate and significant model for this predictive task, with Precision, Recall, and F1 scores of 100, according to the results, which were assessed using multiple performance measures like Precision, Recall, and F1 score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the deep learning algorithm of Convolutional Neural Network long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) is used to classify various jewelry rocks such as agate, turquoise, calcites, and azure from various historical periods and styles related to Shahr-e Sokhteh. Here, the CNN–LSTM architecture includes utilizing CNN layers for the extraction of features from input data mixed with LSTMs for supporting sequence forecasting. It should be mentioned that interpretable deep learning-assisted laser induced breakdown spectroscopy helped achieve excellent performance. For the first time, this paper interprets the Convolutional LSTM effectiveness layer by layer in self-adaptively obtaining LIBS features and the quantitative data of major chemical elements in jewelry rocks. Moreover, Lasso method is applied on data as a factor for investigation of interoperability. The results demonstrated that LIBS can be essentially combined with a deep learning algorithm for the classification of different jewelry songs. The proposed methodology yielded high accuracy, confirming the effectiveness and suitability of the approach in the discrimination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of leveling the risks of introducing digital labeling of jewelry is of significant interest at the current stage of functioning of the state integrated information system in the field of turnover of precious metals, gemstones and articles made of them (GIIS DMDK). In accordance with the current legislation, digital transformation is actually already registered at all enterprises in this field, starting from mining and refining and ending with the sale of jewelry. The accumulated experience and the scheme of implementing digital accounting should be considered when improving the system of turnover of precious stones and metals within the EAEU countries that have signed a cooperation agreement, therefore it is logical to analyze the problems in this area. From the authors’ point of view, the planned tasks of the next stages of implementation of the GIIS DMDK system require clarification, in particular, labeling and building new business models on its basis. The article offers an analysis and justification of various options for solving these problems of expediency of practical application, reducing the risks of rejection of labeling by participants in the precious metals and gemstones turnover and achieving the expected effect.

The analysis of the elements of the burial rite of the Chuvash people was carried out through statistical processing of burial grounds materials. Tombstone structures, pit construction, burial equipment and remnants of traditional costume are considered. Position of the skeleton is detailed in various ways of laying the arms (along the body, on the pelvis, stomach, chest), rare deviations from the elongated corpse position on the back (crouched, half-turned). The all-Chuvash traditional burial rite can be characterized by the presence of the following elements: shallow grave pits with steep walls and a flat bottom, an elongated position of the skeleton, a coffin or a wooden structure, household equipment, a suit and jewelry worn during life, rarely things that were of particular importance to the deceased. Massively, regardless of gender and age, the presence of a coffin or an iron knife is recorded, while the fragments of a sickle are characteristic of children's burials. The burial inventory is an integral part of the ritual of all ethnographic groups of the Chuvash people. Among the cults, the cult of fire and the horse are widespread. Statistical data allow us to establish the frequency of occurrence of individual elements in different burial grounds, binding to the sex and age groups of burials.