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Bioestimulants contribute to increase yield reflected in fruits. In this sense, a study was carried out at the Institute of Tecomatlan, Puebla, Mexico, to evaluate the influence of the Quitomax® use and the inoculation with two strains of mycorrhizae in the behavior of some variables of fruit. Seedlings were produced in trays with a commercial substrate, under the same treatments that would later be applied in field conditions, which consisted of a control where seeds were soaked in water three hours, the same time and application form, when mycorrhizae were used, and Quitomax solution. The two mycorrhizal inoculants were applied by coating the seeds. Six treatments were established since both bioestimulants were also used in combination. A randomized block design was used in the field whit four replications. At transplantation time, each inoculum was applied at root system and Quitomax® was sprayed on the foliage at seven and 28 days. The quantity of fruits per plant was evaluated and in the sixth harvest, 30 fruits were taken at random per replication of each treatments, from which the equatorial and polar diameter were measured. Treatments caused variations in the distribution of fruits by size and in the equatorial diameter, but not in the fruit shape. The number of fruits increased with respect to the control, but not their mass to the same extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production chain of the potato, the production of "seed" tubers is insufficient, so the objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of Quitomax® in the production of seed potato tubers. The plantations was carried out in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, by means of a random block design with three replicates and three treatments: a control without application and foliar application of two chitosan of different molar mass, it was applied at a rate of 300 mL ha-1, at 30 and 50 days after planting (DAP). The harvest was evaluated at 75 DAP, but in year 2017, at 65 DAP too. All the plants corresponding to two furrows of each treatment were taken in each plot and the tubers were separated by size, weighed and counted. The number of stems and the number of tubers per plant ware evaluated, in addition to estimating yield in t ha-1. A double-ranking ANOVA were used to processing data and the Duncan's test to compare the means. No effects with respect to the control in the number of stems and the number of tubers were detected. The size and distribution of tuber ensured a greater amount of the same in the calibers used as seed in both chitosan, but this result was reached earlier than in the control, the yield was higher in plants sprayed with the bioproduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was developed in the farm "Las Papas", belonging to the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA); located at the 23° 00' north latitude and 82° 12' west longitude, to a height of 138 m above sea level in San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque. With the objective of evaluating the responses elicited in performance, product variations of temperatures during the crop cycle, the Roman variety plantations were made during the years 2014 and 2015, respectively. The behavior of the minimum temperatures, average and maximum and the amplitude of these was assessed. The total and commercial yield in t ha-1 and the composition of the tuber size was estimated. Statistical processing was performed with the use of Statgraphycs v5.1 program and graphics were performed using the Sigma Plot v3.1 program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the influence of oligosaccharides in the growth and development of potato plants, two experiments for two years were conducted, one of then consisted in foliar application of Pectimorf® at 20, 25 and 30 days after planting. In these case plants were growing in containers of six liter to meet the potential of Pectimorf® in the possible stolon emission induction, whereas under field conditions, were applieding foliar way two concentrations of Quitomax® in two stages of the crop cycle: 30 and 50 days after planting. In all cases, the imported seeds of Roman variety to planting were used. In the first experiment, the evaluation was ten days after the last application, in the second the evaluation was conducted at harvest, for which the mass of the tubers to the yield and the number of them was determined by size, and the total. The results showed little influence in terms Pectimorf® induction runners, although a greater number of tubers when compared with plants had not been treated. Quitomax® concentrations allowed the plants reached a greater development, which led to a higher yield compared to the untreated control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effect of a chitosan polymers mixture in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the present work was carried out in which different doses and moments biostimulant application were used. To do this, Amalia variety seeds sown in seed beds and later transplanted in the field at a distance of 0.25 m between plants and 1.20 m between rows were used. Polymers mixture of chitosan applications were made at two moments of the crop cycle, seven-eight days after transplantation and at the beginning off lowering, using the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg ha-1 in each of the moments mentioned above, there were also three treatments in which the previous doses were applied in equal parts in the two moments studied, and a control without bioestimulant made room for ten treatments. The length and diameter stem, dry mass of the aerial part, leaf surface, average number of fruits and fruit mass, and the yield per plant were evaluated. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the polymers mixture of chitosan application in the start period of the flowering, increased the accumulation of dry matter, the leaf surface, the formation of a bigger fruits number and yield of tomato plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biostimulant use in the world is increasing more and more, in this sense, this work was carried out at the Tecomatlan Institute, Puebla, Mexico, to evaluate the influence of the Quitomax® use and the inoculation with two strains of mycorrhizae on the growth and development of tomato plants. Seedlings were produced in a shade house, in trays of 200 cells, filled with a commercial substrate, under same treatments that would later be applied in field conditions, which consisted of a control where seeds were imbibed in water for three hours. The same time was used when mycorrhiza was used, while the two strains of mycorrhizae (Incam4 and Incam11) were applied by coating the seeds, so that six treatments were formed, since both biostimulants were also used in combination. A randomized block design with four replications was used for the distribution of treatments under field conditions. At transplanting, each inoculum was applied to the root system and Quitomax® was applied sprayed to the foliage at seven and 28 days, in the treatments that required it. In the postures, height growth was evaluated every seven days and stem diameter at the transplanting time. Under field conditions, growth and yield variables were evaluated. In the posturing phase, the treatments did not modify stem diameter with respect to the control, and had a greater effect on plant height. Under field conditions, the effect was more marked on yield than on the growth variables evaluated, highlighting the combined action of Quitomax® with the Incam4 strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was carried out with theobjective to evaluate the effect of QuitoMax® on differentphysiological variables in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L)conducted under two irrigation regimes. The black bean,variety ̏ Tomeguín Ì‹ was planted in concrete gutters of 2,60 mlong by 0,60 m wide, in which two separate rows wereplaced at 0,40 m and a plant spacing of 0,11 cm for a totalof 44 plants per channel, each treatment counted on threereplicates. The treatments were: 100 (T100) percent ofthe ETc. (Standard crop evapotranspiration) and 50 (T50)percent of ETc, counting in each irrigation treatment with avariant in which 200 mg ha-1 of QuitoMax® were applied at20-25 days after sowing and a dose similar to the beginningof flowering and another dose in which the biostimulantwas not applied. The evaluations were leaf water potential,current osmotic and saturated osmotic potentials, relativewater content, stomatal conductance, total chlorophylls aand b and in SPAD units, the stomata were observed, andalso turgor potential is estimated from the leaf water andosmotic potentials. The results indicated first, that beanplants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are affected when subjectedto a regime of insufficient irrigation and secondly, that thetwo applications of QuitoMax® were able to attenuate theeffects of water deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Azofert® on the induction of tolerance of bean varieties to water deficit was evaluated. The experiment was developed during the period 2013-2014 at the Cooperative for Credits and Services Strengthened "Roberto Aguilar", Bayamo municipality, Granma, Cuba. Varieties CC-25-9R and Tomeguín-93 were used, which were applied four treatments, consisting of normal irrigation conditions throughout the crop cycle and conditions of water deficit at the beginning of flowering, formation and filling of the pods. In each case Azofert® was applied, with a dose of 200 mL per 50 kg of seed at the time of planting and as controls treatments were used without the application of this product. A randomized block design was used according to divided plots and four replicates. Ten plants were selected at random for each treatment to evaluate pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant (g), weight of 100 seeds (g), as well as yield (t ha-1). The results showed the significant effect of Azofert® in increasing tolerance to the water deficit of the studied varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of QuitoMax® on the growth and yield of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under two irrigation regimes. For this seed of the variety of Tomeguín black beans planted in concrete channels of 2,60 m long and 0,60 m wide (1,56 m²) in two separate rows were placed 0,40 m was used a plant spacing of 0,11 cm for a total of 44 plants per channel, each treatment had three replicates. The treatments consisted of applying 100 (R100) percent ETc. (Standard evapotranspiration) and 50 (R50) percent of ETc, counting in each irrigation treatment a variant in which 200 mg ha-1 QuitoMax® were applied to the 20-25 days after sowing and a similar dose start flowering and another in which the bioestimulante was not applied. Evaluations were made stem length, stem diameter, number of leaflets, leaf area per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and fresh mass of 100 grains, and the yield was estimated by unit area. The analysis of the results indicated first that the bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are affected when subjected to a regime of insufficient irrigation and secondly that the two applications of QuitoMax® were able to improve the behavior of the different variables evaluated under insufficient water supply conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperatures is one of the main abiotic factors that influence the physiology and yield of crops, hence the present work has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of two biostimulants and a biofertilizer applied to tomato seeds in conditions of high temperatures. The work was carried out in the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences and in the "Jorge Dimitrov" Research Institute under semi-controlled conditions. The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: imbibition for two hours in a solution of 5 mg L-1 of a mixture of oligogalacturonides, or a solution of 1 mg L-1 of chitosan. Another treatment with seeds pelleted with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the control without seed treatment was also used. The variables evaluated were: relative water content, plant height, stem diameter, leaf surface, plant biomass, average number of fruits and average fruit mass. Both the height of the plants and the diameter of the stems did not reflect significant differences between the treatments used, while the other evaluated variables did differ from the control, with favorable responses in a general sense in those plants that were treated with the biostimulants. It can be concluded that both the biostimulants used and the biofertilizer based on mycorrhizal fungi are good alternatives to take into account for tomato planting under conditions of temperatures that exceed the optimum for the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]