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1. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

2. Parental education and genetics of body mass index from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José A, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, Adolescent, parental education, Twins, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Infant, body mass index, Middle Aged, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, genetics, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Child, Aged
Abstract

Objective: To analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of body mass index (BMI) from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143 499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from 1 to 79 years (299 201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low educational category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions: Lower parental education is associated with higher mean and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay between genetic predisposition, childhood social environment and macro-social context is important for socio-economic differences in BMI.

Published
2019

3. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José Antonio, Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José Antonio, Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

4. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José A., Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe Uk, Hur, Yoon Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José A., Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe Uk, Hur, Yoon Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions.METHODS: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling.RESULTS: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia.CONCLUSIONS: Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeconomic differences in BMI.

Published
2019
Full Text
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5. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age:A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2019

6. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Sugawara, Masumi, additional, Tanaka, Mami, additional, Matsumoto, Satoko, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Piirtola, Maarit, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José A., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Knafo‐Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker‐Drob, Elliot M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Jeong, Hoe‐Uk, additional, Hur, Yoon‐Mi, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2019
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7. Does The Sex Of One'S Co-Twin Affect Height And Bmi In Adulthood? A Study Of Dizygotic Adult Twins From 31 Cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, and Skytthe, Axel

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.

Published
2017

8. Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years : an individual-level pooled analysis of 42 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

9. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

10. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, LaChance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, LaChance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.

Published
2017
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11. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years:An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990–1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

12. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood?:A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese.RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance.CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

13. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region:an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.

Published
2017

14. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E, additional, Mack, Thomas M, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Rissanen, Aila, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Piirtola, Maarit, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y, additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O, additional, Silberg, Judy L, additional, Eaves, Lindon J, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R, additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Franz, Carol E, additional, Kremen, William S, additional, Lyons, Michael J, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Duncan, Glen E, additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Swan, Gary E, additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, additional, McAdams, Tom A, additional, Eley, Thalia C, additional, Gregory, Alice M, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A, additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Spector, Timothy D, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Goldberg, Jack H, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Maes, Hermine H, additional, Turkheimer, Eric, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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15. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Silventoinen, Karri, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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16. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y, additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O, additional, Silberg, Judy L, additional, Eaves, Lindon J, additional, Maes, Hermine H, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R, additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E, additional, Mack, Thomas M, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Franz, Carol E, additional, Kremen, William S, additional, Lyons, Michael J, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D'Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Duncan, Glen E, additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Swan, Gary E, additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Dahl-Aslan, Anna K, additional, McAdams, Tom A, additional, Eley, Thalia C, additional, Gregory, Alice M, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A, additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Spector, Timothy D, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v B, additional, Goldberg, Jack H, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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17. Twin's Birth-Order Differences in Height and Body Mass Index From Birth to Old Age:A Pooled Study of 26 Twin Cohorts Participating in the CODATwins Project

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Sung, Joohon, Hopper, John L, Ooki, Syuichi, Heikkilä, Kauko, Aaltonen, Sari, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Tynelius, Per, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Rebato, Esther, Rose, Richard J, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Sung, Joohon, Hopper, John L, Ooki, Syuichi, Heikkilä, Kauko, Aaltonen, Sari, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Tynelius, Per, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Rebato, Esther, Rose, Richard J, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

We analyzed birth order differences in means and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from infancy to old age. The data were derived from the international CODATwins database. The total number of height and BMI measures from 0.5 to 79.5 years of age was 397,466. As expected, first-born twins had greater birth weight than second-born twins. With respect to height, first-born twins were slightly taller than second-born twins in childhood. After adjusting the results for birth weight, the birth order differences decreased and were no longer statistically significant. First-born twins had greater BMI than the second-born twins over childhood and adolescence. After adjusting the results for birth weight, birth order was still associated with BMI until 12 years of age. No interaction effect between birth order and zygosity was found. Only limited evidence was found that birth order influenced variances of height or BMI. The results were similar among boys and girls and also in MZ and DZ twins. Overall, the differences in height and BMI between first- and second-born twins were modest even in early childhood, while adjustment for birth weight reduced the birth order differences but did not remove them for BMI.

Published
2016

18. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886–1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016

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