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Odonyms, or street names, have a significant linguistic complexity in France. They usually have at least two parts, one "generic" (street, place, avenue…) with a general scope and the other, "specific", which associates a name to the first. Decomposed in such a way, odonyms carry the traces of an underlying geography whose structure remains to be studied. In France, there are approximately 28.5 million geolocalized addresses in 2018, listed in the National Addresses Database (BAN). From these addresses, we have extracted the 2.33 million odonyms in the municipalities of France. An innovative methodology using Natural Language Processing paired with a custom-built ontology of the 448 generics allowed us to perform a Part-of-Speech labelling and splitting of the odonyms into its constituants stored into a coherent and homogeneous geolocalized database. A cartographic study of the distribution of generics in the French space at departemental level was then carried out. Against all expectations, their distribution turns out to be non-homogeneous in the French space, even for some very common names such as "rue".

Abstract Background Feline cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infection caused by tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasites of the genus Cytauxzoon. The association of clinical disease with Cytauxzoon infection appears to be limited to C. felis infections in the Americas. Sporadic infections of wild and domestic felids with Cytauxzoon sp. were recently described in European countries but clinical reports of the infection are rare and incomplete. This case report brings new interesting information on cytauxzoonosis expression in Europe. Case presentation A 9-years-old castrated European shorthair cat living in rural area of north-eastern France (Saint Sauveur, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region), without any travel history was presented for consultation due to hyperthermia, anorexia, depression and prolonged fever that didn’t respond to antibiotic therapy. The cat had outdoor access with a history of vagrancy and was adequately vaccinated (core vaccines and FeLV vaccine). During biological investigations, intraerythrocytic inclusions were observed on blood smear and were further investigated by PCR analysis and sequencing. Molecular analyses confirmed Cytauxzoon sp. infection. The cat was treated with a subcutaneous injection of imidocarb dipropionate (3.5 mg/kg). One week after treatment, the cat improved clinically, although parasitic inclusions within erythrocytes persisted, and only a mild lymphocytosis was found. Two weeks after treatment, the cat appeared in excellent health, appetite was normal and parasitemia was negative. However, one month after treatment the cat relapsed with hyperthermia, anorexia, and depression. Blood smears and PCR were once again positive. Subsequently, the cat received an additional dose of imidocarb dipropionate (3.5 mg/kg SC) and recovered rapidly without other clinical signs. Two weeks after the second imidocarb injection, the cat was hit by a car and died. Conclusion This case provides the first clinical description of infection by Cytauxzoon sp. in a domestic cat in France. These findings support the fact that cytauxzoonosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness which does not respond to antibiotic in cats with outdoor access especially in areas where populations of wild felids are present.