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Zusammenfassung Ziel und Methode Kurzübersicht, basierend auf gesetzlichen Vorgaben, individuellen Erfahrungen aus der täglichen Praxis und ausgewählten Referenzen der aktuellen Literatur. Ergebnisse (selektive Eckpunkte): Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz sind gesetzlich vorgeschriebene und unverzichtbare Elemente allgemeinen, beruflichen und sozialen Handelns, die auch ins Qualitätsmanagement (QM) eingehen, dem auch der (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurg in seinem Wirken untersteht. Informationssicherheit Sie bezeichnet den Schutz von Informationen jeglicher Art und Herkunft - sie dient der Sicherstellung der Grundziele Vertraulichkeit, Integrität, Verfügbarkeit und Authentizität von Informationen, die die beiden Ziele des Klinikers, Patientensicherheit und Behandlungseffektivität, unterstützt. Datenschutz Es handelt sich dabei um ein Grundrecht zum Schutz vor missbräuchlicher Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten - dabei ist nicht der Schutz der Daten, sondern das Recht des Einzelnen auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung das Schutzziel. IT-Notfallmanagement Es umfasst, dass man im IT-Notfall (ausgelöst z. B. durch Systemausfall oder Cyberangriff) geordnet und unterbrechungsfrei in einen vorher definierten klinischen Notfallbetrieb wechselt - aus digitalen werden in ausschließlicher Instituts- bzw. Klinikverantwortung befindliche analoge Prozesse. Schlussfolgerung Von einem regelmäßigen bilateralen Austausch zwischen dem (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurgen und den Beauftragten für Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz profitieren beide Seiten gleichermaßen. Sie sind dadurch in der Lage, die gemeinsamen Ziele der Patientensicherheit und der Behandlungseffektivität durch eine verhältnismäßige Integration von Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz in den klinischen Alltag sicher zu stellen.

A framework for designing and analyzing computer experiments is presented, which is constructed for dealing with functional and real number inputs and real number outputs. For designing experiments with both functional and real number inputs a two stage approach is suggested. The first stage consists of constructing a candidate set for each functional input and during the second stage an optimal combination of the found candidate sets and a Latin hypercube for the real number inputs is searched for. The resulting designs can be considered to be generalizations of Latin hypercubes. GP models are explored as metamodel. The functional inputs are incorporated into the kriging model by applying norms in order to define distances between two functional inputs. In order to make the calculation of these norms computationally feasible, the use of B-splines is promoted.

The status of the pediatric workforce in child healthcare has been discussed for several years, debating oversupply and inefficient services. These debates are influenced by the widely accepted assumption that the future child population will require more pediatric and more general healthcare. The ratio of 4000 children per pediatrician that was regarded to be appropriate in the 1980s has decreased to 1400:1 in recent years.This ongoing trend is supported by our findings from 2013 to 2018 in 16 European countries, irrespective of the underlying child healthcare system.

International audience; Two new sensitivity indices are presented which give an original solution to the question in sensitivity analysis of how to determine regions within the input space for which the model variation is high. The indices, as functions over the input domain, give insight into the local influence of input variables over the whole domain when the other variables lie in the global domain. They can serve as an informative extension to a standard analysis and in addition are especially helpful in the specification of the input domain, a critical, but often vaguely handled issue in sensitivity analysis. In the usual framework of independent continuous input variables, we present theoretical results that show an asymptotic connection between the presented indices and Sobol’ indices, valid for general probability distribution functions. Finally, we show how the indices can be successfully applied on analytical examples and on a real application.

Global sensitivity analysis is used to quantify the influence of input variables on a numerical model output. Sobol' indices are now classical sensitivity measures. However their estimation requires a large number of model evaluations, especially when interaction effects are of interest. Derivative-based global sensitivity measures (DGSM) have recently shown their efficiency for the identification of non-influential inputs. In this paper, we define crossed DGSM, based on second-order derivatives of model output. By using a L^2-Poincare inequality, we provide a crossed-DGSM based maximal bound for the superset importance (i.e. total Sobol' indices of an interaction between two inputs). In order to apply this result, we discuss how to estimate the Poincare constant for various probability distributions. Several analytical and numerical tests show the performance of the bound and allow to develop a generic strategy for interaction screening.

Sensitivity analysis aims at highlighting the input variables that have significant impact on a given model response of interest. By analogy with the total sensitivity index, used to detect the most influential variables, a screening of interactions can be done efficiently with the so-called total interaction index (TII), defined as the superset importance of a pair of variables. Our aim is to investigate the TII, with a focus on statistical inference. At the theoretical level, we derive its connection to total and closed sensitivity indices. We present several estimation methods and prove the asymptotical efficiency of the Liu and Owen estimator. We also address the question of estimating the full set of TIIs, with a given budget of function evaluations. We observe that with the pick-and-freeze method the full set of TIIs can be estimated at a linear cost with respect to the problem dimension. The different estimators are then compared empirically. Finally, an application is given aiming at discovering a block-additive structure of a function, where no prior knowledge is available, neither about the interaction structure nor about the blocks.

In this paper an e-learning game prototype for primary school children (aged between 7 and 9 years) is introduced. The game teaches children about IT security threats , which they encounter using the Internet. The game is separated into three mini games: virus infection of the computer, inviting somebody in social networks, chatting with strangers. The game design used metaphors and based on standard guidelines of infantile learning environments (e.g. paradigm of simplicity, multidimensional stimuli, characters). Furthermore, the results of a user study of 36 primary school children are presented. In the future, the prototype would be extended by additional metaphors.

In this paper we introduce a first design approach for security warnings on smart phones for children, based on recommendations of a paediatrician expert. To ease the understanding of malware threats and facilitate a adequate handling, children friendly design principles and simple descriptions are used. Amongst visual information, acoustical and haptic information are used to raise children's attention to the warning. Currently, a first implemented prototype of security warnings is tested with primary school students.

Ubiquitous computing is getting more important since requirements for complex systems grow fast. In these systems, embedded devices have to fulfill different tasks. They have to monitor the environment, store data, communicate with other devices, and react to user input. In addition to this complexity, quality issues such as security and reliability have to be considered, as well, due to their increasing use in life critical application scenarios. Finally, different devices with different application goals are used, which results in interoperability problems. In this paper, we highlight challenges for interoperability, data management, and security, which arise with complex systems. Furthermore, we present approaches to overcome different problems and how an integrated solution can be realized using software product line techniques.