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We demonstrate an all-fiber supercontinuum (SC) source delivering up to 40 W of average power ranging from 750 to 2200 nm. The laser source is based on a self-Q-switched pump-sharing oscillator-amplifier. The self-Q-switched master oscillator generates giant pulses, amplified in the high-power stage. Finally, a passive fiber acts as a nonlinear stage, improving the spectrum flatness as well as the spectral broadening. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a pump-sharing oscillator-amplifier is used for SC generation and is based on the use of a submeter Ytterbium-doped fiber length inside the oscillator.

Temporally coherent supercontinuum sources constitute an attractive alternative to bulk crystal-based sources of few-cycle light pulses. We present a monolithic fiber-optic configuration for generating transform-limited temporally coherent supercontinuum pulses with central wavelength at 1.06 µm and duration as short as 13.0 fs (3.7 optical cycles). The supercontinuum is generated by the action of self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking when pumping an all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber with pulses of hundreds of fs duration produced by all-fiber chirped pulsed amplification. Avoidance of free-space propagation between stages confers unequalled robustness, efficiency and cost-effectiveness to this novel configuration. Collectively, the features of all-fiber few-cycle pulsed sources make them powerful tools for applications benefitting from the ultrabroadband spectra and ultrashort pulse durations. Here we exploit these features and the deep penetration of light in biological tissues at the spectral region of 1 µm, to demonstrate their successful performance in ultrabroadband multispectral and multimodal nonlinear microscopy.

We report on the conception, fabrication and characterization of a new concept of optical fiber enabling a precise control of the ratio between the 2 nd and 4 th -order of chromatic dispersion (respectively β 2 and β 4 ) at 1.55 µm which is at the heart of the Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) generation. For conventional highly nonlinear fiber the sensitivity of this ratio to fiber geometry fluctuations is very critical, making the fabrication process challenging. The new design fiber reconciles the accurate control of chromatic dispersion properties and fabrication by standard stack and draw method, allowing a robust and reliable method against detrimental fluctuations parameters during the fabrication process. Experimental frequency conversion with FWM in the new design fiber is demonstrated.

Based on a special large-pitch architecture that has already proved its single-mode single-polarization behavior in a passive configuration, two ytterbium-doped versions of such large-mode-area fibers have been fabricated and tested in both laser and amplification configurations for high-power laser source applications. Due to the high sensitivity of large-pitch fiber design to the active-core-to-passive-cladding index mismatch, the realization of a single-polarization structure is highly challenging. However, we report on the preservation of a polarization-maintaining feature. A linear polarization with an extinction ratio of 17 dB is demonstrated for mode field diameters reaching up to 58 μm as long as the single-modeness of the emitted signal is preserved.

In this paper, different core structures of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) for low-finesse Fabry⁻Pérot (FP) sensors are experimentally compared to get the highest sensitivity. These devices are designed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurements. Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited by sputtering on the MOFs and different optical fast Fourier transform (FFT) phase responses from the FP were measured for saturated atmospheres of ethanol. It has been demonstrated that the sensitivities of the developed sensors depend strongly on the geometry and the dimensions of the MOF-cores. The sensors show recovery times shorter than 100 s and the baselines are fully recovered after every exposure to ethanol vapors.

We present a detailed study on the generation of widely tunable visible light through four wave mixing in specifically designed micro-structured fibers. The fiber's properties are optimized for an efficient conversion to the visible and near infrared with a combined tunability from 620 to 910 nm of a picosecond Yb-doped tunable source for biomedical applications.

In this work, the performance of five different fiber optic sensors at cryogenic temperatures has been analyzed. A photonic crystal fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer, two Sagnac interferometers, a commercial fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and a π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating interrogated in a random distributed feedback fiber laser have been studied. Their sensitivities and resolutions as sensors for cryogenic temperatures have been compared regarding their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the results have been compared with the given by a commercial optical backscatter reflectometer that allowed for distributed temperature measurements of a single mode fiber., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

In this paper, we demonstrate a single-polarization feature out of passive very-large-mode-area fully aperiodic large-pitch fibers. It has been previously shown theoretically that one of the two polarizations of the fundamental mode is selectively coupled to a cladding mode. This coupling does not require fiber bending, which permits us to avoid any decrease in mode effective area. The coupling is achieved owing to boron-doped silica inclusions implemented into the microstructured cladding and acting as stress-applying parts. This mechanism has been assessed experimentally in this work using fibers of two different core diameters: 60 μm and 140 μm, providing mode field areas of 3637  μm 2 and 14,590  μm 2 , respectively, at 1942 nm. The tested fibers have a length of 45 cm and an outer diameter exceeding 1 mm, yielding rod-type fibers. Each sample has been characterized using an unpolarized laser source emitting at 1942 nm. This laser, based on a thulium-doped large-mode-area step-index fiber, has a spectral bandwidth of about 0.5 nm. After passing through a piece of the passive fiber, a polarization extinction ratio higher than 16 dB has been achieved.

In this paper, a strategy consisting of precompensating the thermal-induced transverse refractive index changes is undertaken to push further the appearance threshold of a multimode regime. First, a standard air-silica large pitch fiber (LPF) and a fully aperiodic large pitch fiber are confronted in regard to their heat load resilience and capabilities for single-mode emission. Thereafter, slight refractive index depressions are judiciously introduced into the active core area. This approach enhances the delocalization of the high-order modes even under severe heat load levels. This combination of aperiodic cladding microstructuration and index-precompensation theoretically increases the multimode regime threshold while preserving large mode field areas. This investigation is performed at 1.03 and 2 μm operating wavelengths.

The first demonstration of a 40 μm core homogeneously ytterbium-doped fully aperiodic large-pitch fiber laser, to the best of our knowledge, is reported here. In this concept, the amplification of unwanted high-order modes is prevented by means of an aperiodic inner-cladding structure, while the core and inner-cladding material has a higher refractive index than pure silica. In a laser configuration, up to 252 W of extracted power, together with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 63% with respect to the incident pump power, have been achieved. While an average M 2 of 1.4 was measured, the emitted power becomes temporally unstable when exceeding 95 W, owing to the occurrence of modal instabilities.

A hybrid Fabry-Pérot cavity sensing head based on a four-bridge microstructured fiber is characterized for temperature sensing. The characterization of this cavity is performed numerically and experimentally in the L-band. The sensing head output signal presents a linear variation with temperature changes, showing a sensitivity of 12.5 pm/°C. Moreover, this Fabry-Pérot cavity exhibits good sensitivity to polarization changes and high stability over time.

Very large mode area, active optical fibers with a low high order mode content in the actively doped core region were designed by removing the inner cladding symmetry. The relevance of the numerical approach is demonstrated here by the investigation of a standard air-silica Large Pitch Fiber, used as a reference. A detailed study of all-solid structures is also performed. Finally, we propose new kinds of geometry for 50 μm core, all-solid microstructured fibers enabling a robust singlemode laser emission from 400 nm to 2200 nm.

We report about a new type of nonlinear photonic crystal fibers allowing broadband four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation. The microstructured optical fiber has a structured core consisting of a rod of highly nonlinear glass material inserted in a silica tube. This particular structure enables four wave mixing processes with very large frequency detuning (>135 THz), which permitted the generation of a wide supercontinuum spectrum extending over 1650 nm after 2.15 m of propagation length. The comparison with results obtained from germanium-doped holey fibers confirms the important role of the rod material properties regarding nonlinear process and dispersion.