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The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the need for and benefits of studying the steady state and dynamic response of power systems using three phase integrated transmission and distribution (T&D) system models (hereafter referred to as hybrid models). Modeling and simulation requirements for building and analyzing hybrid models are also discussed. Finally, results from steady state and dynamic simulations of a large hybrid model are presented to demonstrate insights that can be obtained from hybrid models which cannot be obtained from the study of transmission and distribution systems separately., Comment: 6 pages; This is the accepted version (not the IEEE-published version) of the paper that was accepted for presentation at the 2016 IEEE PES General Meeting, July 17-21, 2016. The IEEE published version of the paper can be obtained from ieeexplore using this url: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7741235&isnumber=7741056/

The Encrypted File System (EFS) pushes encryption services into the file system itself. EFS supports secure storage at the system level through a standard UNIX file system interface to encrypted files. User can associate a cryptographic key with the directories they wish to protect. Files in these directories (as well as their pathname components) are transparently encrypted and decrypted with the specified key without further user intervention; clear text is never stored on a disk or sent to a remote file server. EFS can use any available file system for its underlying storage without modifications, including remote file servers such as NFS. System management functions, such as file backup, work in a normal manner and without knowledge of the key. Performance is an important factor to users since encryption can be time consuming. This paper describes the design and implementation of EFS in user space using faster cryptographic algorithms on UNIX Operating system. Implementing EFS in user space makes it portable and flexible; Kernel size will also not increase resulting in more reliable & efficient Operating System. Encryption techniques for file system level encryption are described, and general issues of cryptographic system interfaces to support routine secure computing are discussed., Comment: 8 Pages IEEE Format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.423