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Herbicides are critical in preventing crop production losses in no-till systems because of their weed-control capabilities as well as their ability to preserve rising soil. Weed resistance to herbicides must be reduced because it is a critical control feature on behalf of diet security. Cross resistance may happen through herbicides from very similar or diverse herbicide families, as well as beside the similar or dissimilar site of action. Weed struggle in the direction of herbicides must be reduced since it is a critical control feature designed for diet protection. The objective of research to determine the enzyme ACCase interaction with the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl as a protein ligand interaction and Molecular dynamics MD simulation analysis to confirm the physical movement of atoms and molecule. Various computational methods and tools were used to find out interaction i.e., RCSB PDB, PubChem, MGL Auto dock vina, Discovery studio, UCSF Chimera, Desmond Schrodinger, and Maestro Schrodinger. The result was concluded that herbicide protein binds to the active site on the receptor at specific location. The 3jzf protein bind with the ARG_292 and make good interaction, the HIS_209 make Hydrophobic bond, GLN_233 and GLN_237 make good hydrogen bond and HIS_236 make water bridges. These residues make excellent interaction with the surrounding residues in 3jzf protein with the ligand Fenoxaprop-p ethyl, ASP_382 is the most important ones in terms of Hbonds for (3jzi) that is not stable bonding. The complex 3jzf indicates that the complex reaches stability at 5 ns and remained stable till 35 ns after that there was a little increase in RMD of ligand but again it becomes stable with protein. The complexity of the RMSD plot for the given 3jzi shows that it achieves stabilization about 30 ns. However, the RMSD for the ligand is quite high, indicating a poor interaction. After then, an overall RMSD value of 2.0 Å, for (3jzf) and 3.0 Å, for (3jzi) remains for ligand up to 50 ns. After becoming stable, protein RMSD values vary within 1.0 Angstrom. This indicates that the ligand stayed attached to the receptor's binding site for most of the simulated time. However, there is greater variation in (3jzi) than in (3jzf). Molecular docking modeling show and verify that protein and ligand have the similar relations beside nearby residues, resulting in an outstanding match through ACCase' active site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early gastric cancer is typically small and asymptomatic, and the high mortality from gastric cancer is mainly due to late presentation. Surgical resection of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes (RLNs) along with adjuvant treatment is the only curative approach. However, overall prognosis remains poor, with 5-year survival rates of only 20%. Many studies have identified high preoperative levels of CEA as a poor prognostic factor for patients with potentially resect able GC. Other published works have suggested that a combination of CEA, CA 19.9 and the relatively new marker CA 72.4 provides additional prognostic information on these patients, with preoperative positivity for one of them considered as evidence of a high recurrence risk even in the early stages. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study which included all the patients who underwent treatment for Gastric carcinoma, in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, over a period of 2 years from 1st March 2017 to 30th April 2019. Correlation of the tumour marker values were done with staging, tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement in Gastric cancer subjects. Appropriate analysis were carried out by use of Student's t-test, Fishers Exact Test and Chi Square test for categorical data. Results: Out of all the parameters (pre-operative CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4,) elevated CA19-9 was the most sensitive marker associated with advanced stage and none of above tumour markers correlate with grade of tumour. CA72 -4 is least sensitive marker associated with advanced stage of tumour. Conclusion: Preoperative increased Serum levels of CA 19 -9 is associated with advanced TNM stage of Carcinoma Stomach as compared to CEA and CA 72-4 No significant association could be demonstrated between these tumor markers with grade or histology of malignancy. Increased Serum CA 19-9 is perhaps an independent predictor of advanced stage and poor prognostic factor in patients with Gastric carcinoma. Hence, the patients with increased Serum CA 19-9 is associated with advanced stage and may require neoadjuvant therapy unless there is no contraindication for neoadjuvant therapy. However, long term follow-up studies and survival analysis and further randomized control studies are needed to substantiate this observational study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the best optimality condition has been checked. Thus, optimizing the transportation problem of variables has remarkably been significant to various disciplines. Here we implemented different types of transportation problems like the northwest corner method, least cost method, Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), and MODI method. Then we model the Transportation Problem to LPP, then solution by different suitable methods like Simplex and Goal Programming model and we analyze those answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the study of Multi skill training to the employees, which includes equalizing the work pressure among the employees and managing the shortage of employees in the manufacturing process. A mathematical model was formed with an objective of minimizing the total expected cost of the employees in the manufacturing process. AHybrid Genetic algorithm was used to stimulate the solutions. The results showed that the multi skill training program yields a better result compared to non-trained employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is chronic infection of middle ear which is usually managed with antibiotic therapy. This infection may cause the depression and cognitive changes in patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and co-amoxicillin) with antidepressant or without antidepressants (bromazepam and imipramine) at low doses on rats with induced with CSOM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to induce CSOM by in rat ear (tympanic bulla). The rats were divided into eight groups having six animals in each group. Neuropharmacological activities and gross behavior were observed in open field activity, force swimming cage, maze test, light and dark activity box and traction test. Observations were noted weekly after the administration of ciprofloxacin (15.3mg/kg), co-amoxicillin (15.3mg/kg), imipramine (1.15mg/kg) and bromazepam (0.09mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The altered behavior and depression was observed in control positive but reverted back in groups maintained on antidepressants with antibiotics with significant improved locomotor activity, memory in memory cage, muscular co-ordination and body balance and decreased anxiety. On the other hand, groups treated with only antibiotics showed significant improvement only in force swimming and traction test at day 14. Therefore, the antidepressant effects of the drugs can be employed to attenuate stress and depression in patients with CSOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy, a neuronal disorder has affected 1% of the world's population. Almost 35-40% of these patients get resistant to available anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Recent studies have shown the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and a combination of anti-inflammatory and antiepileptic drugs could prove beneficial against epileptic seizures. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of levetiracetam (LEV) and diclofenac sodium (DFS) combination on pilocarpine (PLC) induced epileptic seizures in mice. Mice were divided into control and treatment groups. LEV alone and in combination with DFS was given for 3 days. On 3rd day after administering the required drugs, pilocarpine challenge was given intraperitoneally. Then, behavioral changes were observed for 90 minutes, including latency to first seizure, continuous seizures, duration of continuous seizures, and survival rate. Results showed significant improvement in the latencies to first (P<0.001) and continuous seizures (P<0.05), duration of the continuous seizure (p=0.001), and survival rate (P<0.01) in the combination treatment group as compared to the control or individual drug treatment groups. DFS enhances the efficacy of LEV, however, further mechanistic studies will be required to conclude if DFS can be given in combination with LEV for epilepsy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) drugs such as glibenclamide and metformin is employed to heterogeneous disorder characterized by alteration in production of glucose due to impairment of both insulin secretion and insulin action. These patients might suffer with allergic rhinitis and in this case, there is a possibility to maintain patient on levocetirizine, an anti-allergic drug commonly used in rhinitis. The object of the present study is to detect possible interaction between glibenclamide or metformin with levocetirizine Current study was performed using UV spectroscopic technique sing simultaneous equation in pH simulated to gastric juice (pH 1), pH 4, pH 7.4 and in pH 9. All drugs followed Beer Lambert's Law. Results showed that glibenclamide and metformin can increase or decrease availability of levocetirizine and in the same way levocetirizine can alter availabilities of glibenclamide and metformin in different pH. Hence, drug interaction between glibenclamide or metformin with levocetirizne occurred. This may be due to his may be due to the charge transfer or binding capabilities of these drugs which resulted in significantly changed availability of NIDDIM as well as levocetirizine. Therefore, co-administration of these drugs should be avoided and furtherinvestigations at clinical and pre-clinical levels should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation with perforation of middle ear. If CSOM is not treated, it may cause secondary inflammation of liver with elevated liver enzymes and histological changes. Present study is aimed to observe the hepatotoxic effects due chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in CSOM induced rats and alsoto observe the effects of ceftazidime and amikacin to attenuate hepatotoxicity due to CSOM. Liver enzyme tests and histological examinations were performed on rats divided into different groups as G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 ceftizidime (15mg/kgintraperitonelly) and G4 amikacin (15mg/kg). One-way ANOVA showed that liver enzymes were significantly increased (p=0.000 and F value 6.899) except gamma glutamic transferase in G2 (rats with CSOM without treatment) from G1 (negative control without CSOM) with histological damage of liver. These hepatotoxic effects were attenuated or recover with proper treatment with potent antibiotics (ceftazidime and amikacin). Therefore, study showed that chronic suppurative otitis media can induce hepatic toxicity including elevated liver enzymes level and inflammation, aggregation or infiltration in liver cells in rat model with reversible hepatic damage. If CSOM is treated with adult dose of ceftazidime or amikacin, it may attenuate the damage and prevent risk of liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with allergic rhinitis may also suffer abdominal pain, gastritis or peptic ulcer. In this condition patient may use levocetirizine with famotidine or ranitidine. These drugs have potential to interact with another drug and form complex. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible drug drug interaction with each other which may cause increase or decrease of therapeutic effects. For this purpose, validity of Beer Lambert law was checked, lone availability of famotidine (20gm), ranitidine (150gm) and levocetirizine (5mg) were studied in pH simulated to gastric juice (pH 1), pH 4, pH 7.4 and in pH 9 and finally percent availabilities of these drugs were calculated with the help of simultaneous equation. Results showed high percentage of levocetirizine in all pH as 300.32%, 514.41%, 173.38% and 220.68% in presence of famotidine but very low availability of famotidine as 5.36%, 35.38%, 51.87% and 10.89% in presence of levocetirizine. In the case of levocetirizine and ranitidine interaction, zero percent levocetirizine was available at pH 1and 9, 56.28% in pH 4 and 191.1% in pH 7.4. On the other hand, ranitidine was available as 95.36%, 127.93%, 41.47% and 144.3%. These results showed that percentage of all drugs were altered in presence of each other due to drug-drug interaction. This may be due to the charge transfer binding capabilities of the drugs which resulted in significantly changed availability of famotidine, ranitidine as well as levocetirizine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of our continuous research to understand the interaction mechanism of drug and metallo-elements, heavy metal complexes of azithromycin (AZI) were synthesized with arsenic oxide, lead carbonate and silver chloride salts in molar ratio of 2: 1 (L: M). Synthesized heavy metal complexes have shown good percent yield and characterized through spectroscopic parameters including UV-Visible, TLC, FT-IR, NMR and elemental analysis (CHN). Spectroscopic characterization reveals the binding of ligand AZI with heavy metals in bi-dentate manner involving the hydroxide and 9a-NCH3 group of the aglycone ring of AZI. These newly synthesized heavy metal complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial response against selected gram positive and gram negative organisms and antifungal species. It was noted that all newly synthesized complexes exhibits increased activity against B.subtilus whereas, AZI itself didn't show any activity, while synthesized complexes have low to moderate response against all the studied organisms. Complex A-M12 possess greater enzymatic response against both urease and alpha chymotrypsin among all the studied complexes. Results obtained were then statistically analyzed through one way ANOVA and Dunnett's test by using SPSS version 20.0 suggesting the significant response of complexes against selected organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for the treatment and prevention of inflammation with the increase in number of side effects. Traditional plants have been used to treat inflammation owing to lesser adverse responses. Croton bonplandianus being an anti-inflammatory plant is extensively utilized all over the world. The methanolic and aqueous leaves extracts of Croton bonplandianus were exposed to anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan induced paw edema against standard diclofenac sodium, followed by the histopathlogical examination. The highest dose of methanolic extract were shown significant anti-inflammatory action having a significant P-value (P<0.05-0.001) compared with the diclofenac sodium (P<0.01-0.001) and aqueous extracts (P<0.5-0.01). The histopathological examination illustrated the vasodialation with reduction in the intensity of edema, neutrophils infiltration and other inflammatory cells. C. bonplandianus being a reactive oxygen species scavenger, responsible to exert an excellent anti-inflammatory activity. The present study confirmed the anti-inflammatory potential of drug extracts and authors recommended its utilization in the treatment of pain, inflammation and relevant diseases in future. However, phytochemical screening is to be required for the complete evaluation of active chemical constituent (s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its traditional applications, the current study focuses on Ajuga parviflora (A. parviflora) leaves extract for phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. The principle constituents were identified through gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), these includes phthalic acid, squalene, α- tocopherol, vitamin E, phytol, 2-methylenecholestan-3-ol, stigmasterol, cholest-22-ene-21-ol and 3,5-dehydro-6- methoxy. Hepatoprotective effect of A. parviflora was evaluated through isoniazid and rifampicin (INH and RFP) induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Animals in group A were treated with INH and RFP 50 mg/kg. Animals in group B, C, and D were pre-treated with A. parviflora extract at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg dose prior drug administration. A. parviflora extract at 200 and 300 mg/kg in group C and D significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin (p<0.001) as compare to group B (100mg/kg). Total protein (TP) was also significantly (p<0.01) reduced in group C and D at dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The extract pre-treated animals with (A. parviflora, 200, and 300 mg/kg) showed that the epithelium of the central portal vein is intact with replete glucagon. The pre-treatment with A. parviflora protected the liver from INH and RFP induced hepatotoxicity. The results of pre-treated animals with A. parviflora 200, and 300 mg/kg dose prettily revert the severely disturb parameters like, cytolysis, lymphocytic infiltration, and lymphoid aggregate in portal vein and hydropic degeneration. The decrease peroxisome proliferator-receptor activator-δ (PPAR-δ) gene expression by INH, and RFP was significantly up regulated by A. parviflora extract in pre-treated animals at 200 and 300 mg/kg dose. These findings provide baseline pharmacological uses of A. parviflora in liver disorders. Further investigations are required for identification and isolation of biologically active components responsible for pharmacological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monotheca buxifolia has traditionally been employed in folk medicines to cure of infectious diseases. Current study was aimed to standardize the M. buxifolia leaves extract and evaluate its antibacterial and anticancer activity. Phytochemical analysis was carried through GC, GC/MS, FTIR, and ICP-OES analytical techniques. Antibacterial assay of the crude extract was performed by using tetrazolium micro plates. The extract treated bacteria were observed under (AFM) atomic force microscope and PCR was used for DNA amplification. The anti-proliferative activity of M. buxifolia leaves extract was examined through MTT cytotoxicity assay. The bacterial strains employed in this study were S. epidermidis ATCC (13518), S. aureus ATCC (25923), P. aeruginosa ATCC (10145), and E. coli ATCC (10536). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) against gram positive bacteria was significantly (p<0.01) achieved at 50 and 75μg/mL. MIC50 against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was also significant at 100μg/mL (p<0.01). M. buxifolia leaves extract damaged the cell walls gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while biofilm around gram positive bacteria was significantly damaged. The DNA decantation was also inhibited of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, however, no any impact was observed on E. coli and P. aeruginosa DNA decantation. The cytotoxicity findings suggested that the crude extract of M. buxifolia leaves at 1000μg/mL gives significant inhibition 73.96±2.0%, 83.76±1.2%, 77.66±1.2% and 72.67±1.6% against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HeLa and H460 cell lines respectively at (p<0.001). It may be concluded that M. buxifolia leaves extract have significant and promising antibacterial and anti-cancer activities which could be helpful to establish new antimicrobial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally Berberis species have been used as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, analgesic and anti-anemic drugs. This study was aimed to determine chemical constituents and to assess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hematological effects of the crude extract of the berries of Berberis baluchistanica to verify these folkloric claims. Phytochemical screening, carried out by using different chemical reagents and techniques like Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) indicated presence of flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols and carbohydrates including reducing sugars. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed on mice by using acetic acid induced writhing method and formalin method. Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were observed during these experiments. The extract also showed anti anemic effect as it increased the levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells significantly. Increase in the platelet count was also noted. The extract of the berries was used at oral doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg during experiments. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were determined by comparing with the standard i.e. aspirin 300 mg/kg. Both doses produced significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at P0.05. These activities were seemingly attributable to flavonoid and saponin contents of the drug. These results justify the folkloric claims that the drug could be used as good anti-inflammatory, antirehumatic, analgesic and anti-anemic drug. However, further chemical investigations on the drug are suggested for isolation and identification of compounds that could be safer and more effective than the currently available medicines in treating these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Premature rupture of membrane or PROM means when membrane ruptures before the onset of labour at a gestational age less than 37 completed weeks. In Bangladesh, every year, around 28,000 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Nonscientific intervention in PROM made at various levels intensify the pregnancy complications several times, thereby leading many more deaths of foetus and newborn. Aetiology of PROM is largely unknown. The possible causes are either reduction of membrane strength or an increase in intrauterine pressure or both. Proper diagnostic facilities, proper monitoring and standard protocol in the management can improve the maternal and fetal outcome. Aim and objective: The aim of the study was to observe the incidence, type and maternal and fetal outcome of PROM. Materials and Method: A prospective case control analytical study was carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from May '2000 to December'2000. Total 120 patients were selected for this study among them 60 patients as case (Group A) and 60 patients were taken as control (Group B). Both primi and multigravida with Pregnancy more than 28 weeks with intact membrane as control and spontaneous rupture of membrane taken as case. High- risk patients such as hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, APH, cardiac disease, previous H/O caesarean section were excluded from the study. After taking proper history, speculum examination, some diagnostic investigations were carried out. Findings were recorded in predesigned questionnaire and statistical analysis were done using computerized software SPSS for Windows. A P value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In our study maternal complications were significantly higher in Group A patients (Chi-square test: X2 = 6.263, df= 1, P< 0.05). Number of premature babies in PROM patients (25%) was significantly higher than control group. Perinatal morbidity was found higher in PROM (36.66%) compared to control group (31.66%). Most common morbidity was neonatal jaundice in PROM patients (13.33%) compared to babies of control group (8.33%). Conclusion: This study focused on certain risk factors in relation to PROM which can be preventable and reduce incidence and improvement of maternal and fetal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan which causes most common non viral sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. Direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluid remains the most widely used diagnostic test. Although, wet mount examination is the most cost-effective diagnostic test, but it has low sensitivity resulting in under diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, to overcome this problem, various staining techniques like giemsa and acridine orange can be used along with wet mount examination for diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection. Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the efficacy of Giemsa and Acridine Orange staining in comparison with wet mount examination for the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis. Materials and Methods: A total of 615 female patients of reproductive age group having vaginal discharge were included in the study and swabs containing vaginal fluids were taken to perform wet mount examination, giemsa staining and acridine orange staining. Result: Trichomonas vaginalis infection was detected in 37 patients with maximum cases (6.0%) detected by acridine orange staining, followed by giemsa staining (4.9%), whereas, wet mount examination was able to detect only 4.1% cases. Wet mount examination gave a sensitivity of 67.6%, whereas, the sensitivity of giemsa staining and acridine orange staining was found to be 80% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Since the performance of both the staining techniques was found to be much better in comparison to wet mount examination, and they also detected several wet mount negative cases, they should be used as an adjunct to wet mount examination. This will also be beneficial to the overall health of the patient by early diagnosis and treatment of cases, thereby, reducing the development of associated morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In current study herbal formulation was prepared for Diabetes mellitus (type 2). It consists of the extracts of Salacia reticulate, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Camellia sinensis and Gymnema sylvester. Toxicity studies were carried out on heart, liver, kidney and blood of both male and female rabbits. Drug was administered in a dose of 15mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days. On 91th day, blood was drawn from animals and investigated for changes in biochemical and hematological levels. After that animals were sacrificed and their organs (liver, heart and kidney) were analyzed for histo-pathological changes. In biochemical tests for lipid profile, significant decreased (male-70.64±0.321; female-69.80±0.365) in triglycerides level were observed, no significant change was recorded in Cholesterol HDL ratio, LDL, VLDL level. A significant increase (male-16.00±1.418; female-10.00±0.709) was observed in HDL level. In liver function test significant decrease was observed in Gamma GT (male-10.08±0.862; female-7.00±0.709). Alkaline phosphatase (male-79±0.838; female-51.1±1.810), SGPT (male-54±0.709; female- 43.04±2.060), direct bilirubin (male-0.024±0.005; female-0.014±0.002) and total bilirubin (male-0.109±0.003; 0.106±0.049) were observed. Non-significant changes were observed in serum total protein, globulins, albumin and A/G ratio. No significant changes were noticed in urea level and serum electrolytes. In cardiac enzymes significant decrease was observed in LDH (male-443±5.61; female-360±1.848) and SGOT (male-27±0.709; female-28±1.418) level and highly significant rise in CPK (male- 3128±8.478; female-1598±7.483) and CK-MB (male-446±2.308; female- 438±2.819). In hematological profile, significant decrease was observed in Hb (male-12.3±0.392; female-12.4±0.1), RBC count (male-6.60±0.167; female-5.74±0.25) and Hematocrit (HCT/PCV) % in both male and female rabbits (male- 45.70±0.255; female-43.50±0.448) and significant (p<0.5) increased in WBC count (male-8.40±0.401; female- 9.10±0.054). Significant (p<0.5) decrease in blood glucose level and HbA1c (male-3.36±0.113; female-3.16±0.076) was observed. In histopathological studies mild edema was observed in heart and there was no change in histo-architecture of liver and kidneys. It is concluded that formulation does not showed any chronic toxicity in adult dose [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our research work was to investigate the effects of low dose of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. on rabbits. Crude extract was administered for 90 days in rabbits and hematology, biochemistry parameters and histopathology changes were analyzed. In result of it gender-based variations were observed in hematological, kidney function, liver function, cardiac enzymes and lipid profile. Urine analysis revealed same results as that of standard and control drug. No significant pathology was observed in heart, stomach, liver and kidney tissues of rabbits, treated with A.uva-ursi in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day. Our results justify the use of A. uva-ursi in medicine for treatment of variable pathologies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]