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1. Background Determination for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alsum, S. K., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Cabrita, R., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chiang, A. P. S., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Creaner, O., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khurana, I., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Porzio, D., Poudel, S., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rushton, T., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Utku, U., Vaitkus, A. C., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., and Yeh, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment recently reported limits on WIMP-nucleus interactions from its initial science run, down to $9.2\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ for the spin-independent interaction of a 36 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP at 90% confidence level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the backgrounds important for this result and for other upcoming physics analyses, including neutrinoless double-beta decay searches and effective field theory interpretations of LUX-ZEPLIN data. We confirm that the in-situ determinations of bulk and fixed radioactive backgrounds are consistent with expectations from the ex-situ assays. The observed background rate after WIMP search criteria were applied was $(6.3\pm0.5)\times10^{-5}$ events/keV$_{ee}$/kg/day in the low-energy region, approximately 60 times lower than the equivalent rate reported by the LUX experiment., Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022
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2. Nuclear Recoil Calibration at Sub-keV Energies in LUX and Its Impact on Dark Matter Search Sensitivity

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Bang, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Rhyne, C., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xiang, X., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) detectors offer heightened sensitivities for dark matter detection across a spectrum of particle masses. To broaden their capability to low-mass dark matter interactions, we investigated the light and charge responses of liquid xenon (LXe) to sub-keV nuclear recoils. Using neutron events from a pulsed Adelphi Deuterium-Deuterium neutron generator, an in situ calibration was conducted on the LUX detector. We demonstrate direct measurements of light and charge yields down to 0.45 keV and 0.27 keV, respectively, both approaching single quanta production, the physical limit of LXe detectors. These results hold significant implications for the future of dual-phase xenon TPCs in detecting low-mass dark matter via nuclear recoils.
Published: 2022

3. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alqahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Azadi, S., Bailey, A. J., Baker, A., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Blockinger, G. M., Boast, K. E., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Buuck, M., Cabrita, R., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Creaner, O., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Green, J., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrison, A., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., James, R. S., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kyre, S., Landerud, B., Leason, E. A., Lee, C., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liao, F. -T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Meng, Y., Migneault, J., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J. A., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B., Pereira, C., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Podczerwinski, J., Porzio, D., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rodriguez, A., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rushton, T., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Scovell, P. R., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Verbus, J. R., Voirin, E., Waldron, W. L., Wang, A., Wang, B., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, A., White, D. T., White, J. T., White, R. G., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zarzhitsky, P., Zuckerman, A., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60~live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c$^2$. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c$^2$, rejecting cross sections above 9.2$\times 10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ at the 90% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. See https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041002 for a data release related to this paper
Published: 2022
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4. Minute-scale oscillatory sequences in medial entorhinal cortex

Author: Gonzalo Cogno, Soledad, Obenhaus, Horst A., Lautrup, Ane, Jacobsen, R. Irene, Clopath, Claudia, Andersson, Sebastian O., Donato, Flavio, Moser, May-Britt, and Moser, Edvard I.
Published: 2024
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5. Fast and Flexible Analysis of Direct Dark Matter Search Data with Machine Learning

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Bang, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carrara, N., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Ernst, J., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Rhyne, C., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xian, X., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the results from combining machine learning with the profile likelihood fit procedure, using data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment. This approach demonstrates reduction in computation time by a factor of 30 when compared with the previous approach, without loss of performance on real data. We establish its flexibility to capture non-linear correlations between variables (such as smearing in light and charge signals due to position variation) by achieving equal performance using pulse areas with and without position-corrections applied. Its efficiency and scalability furthermore enables searching for dark matter using additional variables without significant computational burden. We demonstrate this by including a light signal pulse shape variable alongside more traditional inputs such as light and charge signal strengths. This technique can be exploited by future dark matter experiments to make use of additional information, reduce computational resources needed for signal searches and simulations, and make inclusion of physical nuisance parameters in fits tractable.
Published: 2022
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6. Constraints on Effective Field Theory Couplings Using 311.2 days of LUX Data

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Bang, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Rhyne, C., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xiang, X., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report here the results of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) WIMP search analysis using LUX data. We build upon previous LUX analyses by extending the search window to include nuclear recoil energies up to $\sim$180 keV$_{nr}$, requiring a reassessment of data quality cuts and background models. In order to use a binned Profile Likelihood statistical framework, the development of new analysis techniques to account for higher-energy backgrounds was required. With a 3.14$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day exposure using data collected between 2014 and 2016, we set 90\% C.L. exclusion limits on non-relativistic EFT WIMP couplings to neutrons and protons, providing the most stringent constraints on a significant fraction of the possible EFT WIMP interactions. Additionally, we report world-leading exclusion limits on inelastic EFT WIMP-nucleon recoils., Comment: 19 Pages, 10 Figures, 4 Table
Published: 2021
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7. Improving sensitivity to low-mass dark matter in LUX using a novel electrode background mitigation technique

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Bang, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Rhyne, C., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xiang, X., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper presents a novel technique for mitigating electrode backgrounds that limit the sensitivity of searches for low-mass dark matter (DM) using xenon time projection chambers. In the LUX detector, signatures of low-mass DM interactions would be very low energy ($\sim$keV) scatters in the active target that ionize only a few xenon atoms and seldom produce detectable scintillation signals. In this regime, extra precaution is required to reject a complex set of low-energy electron backgrounds that have long been observed in this class of detector. Noticing backgrounds from the wire grid electrodes near the top and bottom of the active target are particularly pernicious, we develop a machine learning technique based on ionization pulse shape to identify and reject these events. We demonstrate the technique can improve Poisson limits on low-mass DM interactions by a factor of $2$-$7$ with improvement depending heavily on the size of ionization signals. We use the technique on events in an effective $5$ tonne$\cdot$day exposure from LUX's 2013 science operation to place strong limits on low-mass DM particles with masses in the range $m_{\chi}\in0.15$-$10$ GeV. This machine learning technique is expected to be useful for near-future experiments, such as LZ and XENONnT, which hope to perform low-mass DM searches with the stringent background control necessary to make a discovery., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2020
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8. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Aviles, S., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Brew, C. A. J., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Cabrita, R., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunhaw, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Harrison, J., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lopez-Asamar, E., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., Oh, H., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zhang, C., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented., Comment: 45 pages (79 inc. tables), 7 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2020
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9. Investigation of background electron emission in the LUX detector

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Dual-phase xenon detectors, as currently used in direct detection dark matter experiments, have observed elevated rates of background electron events in the low energy region. While this background negatively impacts detector performance in various ways, its origins have only been partially studied. In this paper we report a systematic investigation of the electron pathologies observed in the LUX dark matter experiment. We characterize different electron populations based on their emission intensities and their correlations with preceding energy depositions in the detector. By studying the background under different experimental conditions, we identified the leading emission mechanisms, including photoionization and the photoelectric effect induced by the xenon luminescence, delayed emission of electrons trapped under the liquid surface, capture and release of drifting electrons by impurities, and grid electron emission. We discuss how these backgrounds can be mitigated in LUX and future xenon-based dark matter experiments., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2020
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10. Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a comprehensive analysis of electronic recoil vs. nuclear recoil discrimination in liquid/gas xenon time projection chambers, using calibration data from the 2013 and 2014-16 runs of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. We observe strong charge-to-light discrimination enhancement with increased event energy. For events with S1 = 120 detected photons, i.e. equivalent to a nuclear recoil energy of $\sim$100 keV, we observe an electronic recoil background acceptance of $<10^{-5}$ at a nuclear recoil signal acceptance of 50%. We also observe modest electric field dependence of the discrimination power, which peaks at a field of around 300 V/cm over the range of fields explored in this study (50-500 V/cm). In the WIMP search region of S1 = 1-80 phd, the minimum electronic recoil leakage we observe is ${(7.3\pm0.6)\times10^{-4}}$, which is obtained for a drift field of 240-290 V/cm. Pulse shape discrimination is utilized to improve our results, and we find that, at low energies and low fields, there is an additional reduction in background leakage by a factor of up to 3. We develop an empirical model for recombination fluctuations which, when used alongside the Noble Element Scintillation Technique (NEST) simulation package, correctly reproduces the skewness of the electronic recoil data. We use this updated simulation to study the width of the electronic recoil band, finding that its dominant contribution comes from electron-ion recombination fluctuations, followed in magnitude of contribution by fluctuations in the S1 signal, fluctuations in the S2 signal, and fluctuations in the total number of quanta produced for a given energy deposition., Comment: 29 pages, 33 figures; minor typos corrected, references updated
Published: 2020
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11. An Effective Field Theory Analysis of the First LUX Dark Matter Search

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Larsen, N. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter search was a 250-kg active mass dual-phase time projection chamber that operated by detecting light and ionization signals from particles incident on a xenon target. In December 2015, LUX reported a minimum 90% upper C.L. of 6e-46 cm^2 on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross section based on a 1.4e4 kg*day exposure in its first science run. Tension between experiments and the absence of a definitive positive detection suggest it would be prudent to search for WIMPs outside the standard spin-independent/spin-dependent paradigm. Recent theoretical work has identified a complete basis of 14 independent effective field theory (EFT) operators to describe WIMP-nucleon interactions. In addition to spin-independent and spin-dependent nuclear responses, these operators can produce novel responses such as angular-momentum-dependent and spin-orbit couplings. Here we report on a search for all 14 of these EFT couplings with data from LUX's first science run. Limits are placed on each coupling as a function of WIMP mass., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020
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12. Search for two neutrino double electron capture of $^{124}$Xe and $^{126}$Xe in the full exposure of the LUX detector

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravits, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Two-neutrino double electron capture is a process allowed in the Standard Model of Particle Physics. This rare decay has been observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and more recently in $^{124}$Xe. In this publication we report on the search for this process in $^{124}$Xe and $^{126}$Xe using the full exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, in a total of of 27769.5~kg-days. No evidence of a signal was observed, allowing us to set 90\% C.L. lower limits for the half-lives of these decays of $2.0\times10^{21}$~years for $^{124}$Xe and $1.9\times10^{21}$~years for $^{126}$Xe., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2019
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13. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: The LZ Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., Oh, H., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements.
Published: 2019
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14. Improved Modeling of $\beta$ Electronic Recoils in Liquid Xenon Using LUX Calibration Data

Author: The LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravits, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report here methods and techniques for creating and improving a model that reproduces the scintillation and ionization response of a dual-phase liquid and gaseous xenon time-projection chamber. Starting with the recent release of the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST v2.0), electronic recoil data from the $\beta$ decays of ${}^3$H and ${}^{14}$C in the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector were used to tune the model, in addition to external data sets that allow for extrapolation beyond the LUX data-taking conditions. This paper also presents techniques used for modeling complicated temporal and spatial detector pathologies that can adversely affect data using a simplified model framework. The methods outlined in this report show an example of the robust applications possible with NEST v2.0, while also providing the final electronic recoil model and detector parameters that will used in the new analysis package, the LUX Legacy Analysis Monte Carlo Application (LLAMA), for accurate reproduction of the LUX data. As accurate background reproduction is crucial for the success of rare-event searches, such as dark matter direct detection experiments, the techniques outlined here can be used in other single-phase and dual-phase xenon detectors to assist with accurate ER background reproduction., Comment: 17 Pages, 10 Figures, 2 Tables
Published: 2019
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15. First direct detection constraint on mirror dark matter kinetic mixing using LUX 2013 data

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the results of a direct detection search for mirror dark matter interactions, using data collected from the Large Underground Xenon experiment during 2013, with an exposure of 95 live-days $\times$ 118 kg. Here, the calculations of the mirror electron scattering rate in liquid xenon take into account the shielding effects from mirror dark matter captured within the Earth. Annual and diurnal modulation of the dark matter flux and atomic shell effects in xenon are also accounted for. Having found no evidence for an electron recoil signal induced by mirror dark matter interactions we place an upper limit on the kinetic mixing parameter over a range of local mirror electron temperatures between 0.1 and 0.6 keV. This limit shows significant improvement over the previous experimental constraint from orthopositronium decays and significantly reduces the allowed parameter space for the model. We exclude mirror electron temperatures above 0.3 keV at a 90% confidence level, for this model, and constrain the kinetic mixing below this temperature.
Published: 2019
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16. Extending light WIMP searches to single scintillation photons in LUX

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Grace, E., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazka, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Larsen, N. A., Leason, E., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., López-Paredes, B., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Reichhart, L., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a novel analysis technique for liquid xenon time projection chambers that allows for a lower threshold by relying on events with a prompt scintillation signal consisting of single detected photons. The energy threshold of the LUX dark matter experiment is primarily determined by the smallest scintillation response detectable, which previously required a 2-fold coincidence signal in its photomultiplier arrays, enforced in data analysis. The technique presented here exploits the double photoelectron emission effect observed in some photomultiplier models at vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths. We demonstrate this analysis using an electron recoil calibration dataset and place new constraints on the spin-independent scattering cross section of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) down to 2.5 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass using the 2013 LUX dataset. This new technique is promising to enhance light WIMP and astrophysical neutrino searches in next-generation liquid xenon experiments.
Published: 2019
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17. Improved Measurements of the \b{eta}-Decay Response of Liquid Xenon with the LUX Detector

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Baxter, A., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nilima, A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Vacheret, A., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results from an extensive set of measurements of the \b{eta}-decay response in liquid xenon.These measurements are derived from high-statistics calibration data from injected sources of both $^{3}$H and $^{14}$C in the LUX detector. The mean light-to-charge ratio is reported for 13 electric field values ranging from 43 to 491 V/cm, and for energies ranging from 1.5 to 145 keV.
Published: 2019
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18. Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex

Author: Obenhaus, Horst A., Zong, Weijian, Jacobsen, R. Irene, Rose, Tobias, Donato, Flavio, Chen, Liangyi, Cheng, Heping, Bonhoeffer, Tobias, Moser, May-Britt, and Moser, Edvard I.
Published: 2022

19. Results of a Search for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using 2013 LUX Data

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Druszkiewicz, E., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with sub-GeV masses off nuclei is difficult to detect using liquid xenon-based DM search instruments because the energy transfer during nuclear recoils is smaller than the typical detector threshold. However, the tree-level DM-nucleus scattering diagram can be accompanied by simultaneous emission of a Bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called "Migdal" electron. These provide an electron recoil component to the experimental signature at higher energies than the corresponding nuclear recoil. The presence of this signature allows liquid xenon detectors to use both the scintillation and the ionization signals in the analysis where the nuclear recoil signal would not be otherwise visible. We report constraints on spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering for DM particles with masses of 0.4-5 GeV/c$^2$ using 1.4$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day of search exposure from the 2013 data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment for four different classes of mediators. This analysis extends the reach of liquid xenon-based DM search instruments to lower DM masses than has been achieved previously.
Published: 2018
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20. Search for annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Druszkiewicz, E., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Various dark matter models predict annual and diurnal modulations of dark matter interaction rates in Earth-based experiments as a result of the Earth's motion in the halo. Observation of such features can provide generic evidence for detection of dark matter interactions. This paper reports a search for both annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX dark matter experiment using over 20 calendar months of data acquired between 2013 and 2016. This search focuses on electron recoil events at low energies, where leptophilic dark matter interactions are expected to occur and where the DAMA experiment has observed a strong rate modulation for over two decades. By using the innermost volume of the LUX detector and developing robust cuts and corrections, we obtained a stable event rate of 2.3$\pm$0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne, which is among the lowest in all dark matter experiments. No statistically significant annual modulation was observed in energy windows up to 26~keV$_{\text{ee}}$. Between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$, this analysis demonstrates the most sensitive annual modulation search up to date, with 9.2$\sigma$ tension with the DAMA/LIBRA result. We also report no observation of diurnal modulations above 0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne amplitude between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2018
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21. LUX Trigger Efficiency

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Druszkiewicz, E., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Grace, E., Gwilliam, C., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Korolkova, E. V., Kravitz, S., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rhyne, C., Rossiter, P., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX) searches for dark matter using a dual-phase xenon detector. LUX uses a custom-developed trigger system for event selection. In this paper, the trigger efficiency, which is defined as the probability that an event of interest is selected for offline analysis, is studied using raw data obtained from both electron recoil (ER) and nuclear recoil (NR) calibrations. The measured efficiency exceeds 98\% at a pulse area of 90 detected photons, which is well below the WIMP analysis threshold on the S2 pulse area. The efficiency also exceeds 98\% at recoil energies of \mbox{0.2 keV} and above for ER, and \mbox{1.3 keV} and above for NR. The measured trigger efficiency varies between 99\% and 100\% over the fiducial volume of the detector., Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2018
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22. Liquid xenon scintillation measurements and pulse shape discrimination in the LUX dark matter detector

Author: The LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, J., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a leading candidate for dark matter and are expected to produce nuclear recoil (NR) events within liquid xenon time-projection chambers. We present a measurement of the scintillation timing characteristics of liquid xenon in the LUX dark matter detector and develop a pulse shape discriminant to be used for particle identification. To accurately measure the timing characteristics, we develop a template-fitting method to reconstruct the detection times of photons. Analyzing calibration data collected during the 2013-16 LUX WIMP search, we provide a new measurement of the singlet-to-triplet scintillation ratio for electron recoils (ER) below 46~keV, and we make a first-ever measurement of the NR singlet-to-triplet ratio at recoil energies below 74~keV. We exploit the difference of the photon time spectra for NR and ER events by using a prompt fraction discrimination parameter, which is optimized using calibration data to have the least number of ER events that occur in a 50\% NR acceptance region. We then demonstrate how this discriminant can be used in conjunction with the charge-to-light discrimination to possibly improve the signal-to-noise ratio for nuclear recoils., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2018
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23. All-viral tracing of monosynaptic inputs to single birthdate-defined neurons in the intact brain

Author: Jacobsen, R. Irene, Nair, Rajeevkumar R., Obenhaus, Horst A., Donato, Flavio, Slettmoen, Torstein, Moser, May-Britt, and Moser, Edvard I.
Published: 2022
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24. Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis and limits calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The LUX experiment has performed searches for dark matter particles scattering elastically on xenon nuclei, leading to stringent upper limits on the nuclear scattering cross sections for dark matter. Here, for results derived from ${1.4}\times 10^{4}\;\mathrm{kg\,days}$ of target exposure in 2013, details of the calibration, event-reconstruction, modeling, and statistical tests that underlie the results are presented. Detector performance is characterized, including measured efficiencies, stability of response, position resolution, and discrimination between electron- and nuclear-recoil populations. Models are developed for the drift field, optical properties, background populations, the electron- and nuclear-recoil responses, and the absolute rate of low-energy background events. Innovations in the analysis include in situ measurement of the photomultipliers' response to xenon scintillation photons, verification of fiducial mass with a low-energy internal calibration source, and new empirical models for low-energy signal yield based on large-sample, in situ calibrations.
Published: 2017
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25. Position Reconstruction in LUX

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: The $(x, y)$ position reconstruction method used in the analysis of the complete exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is presented. The algorithm is based on a statistical test that makes use of an iterative method to recover the photomultiplier tube (PMT) light response directly from the calibration data. The light response functions make use of a two dimensional functional form to account for the photons reflected on the inner walls of the detector. To increase the resolution for small pulses, a photon counting technique was employed to describe the response of the PMTs. The reconstruction was assessed with calibration data including ${}^{\mathrm{83m}}$Kr (releasing a total energy of 41.5 keV) and ${}^{3}$H ($\beta^-$ with Q = 18.6 keV) decays, and a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron beam (2.45 MeV). In the horizontal plane, the reconstruction has achieved an $(x, y)$ position uncertainty of $\sigma$= 0.82 cm for events of only 200 electroluminescence photons and $\sigma$ = 0.17 cm for 4,000 electroluminescence photons. Such signals are associated with electron recoils of energies $\sim$0.25 keV and $\sim$10 keV, respectively. The reconstructed position of the smallest events with a single electron emitted from the liquid surface has a horizontal $(x, y)$ uncertainty of 2.13 cm., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2017
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26. Ultra-Low Energy Calibration of LUX Detector using $^{127}$Xe Electron Capture

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report an absolute calibration of the ionization yields($\textit{Q$_y$})$ and fluctuations for electronic recoil events in liquid xenon at discrete energies between 186 eV and 33.2 keV. The average electric field applied across the liquid xenon target is 180 V/cm. The data are obtained using low energy $^{127}$Xe electron capture decay events from the 95.0-day first run from LUX (WS2013) in search of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The sequence of gamma-ray and X-ray cascades associated with $^{127}$I de-excitations produces clearly identified 2-vertex events in the LUX detector. We observe the K- (binding energy, 33.2 keV), L- (5.2 keV), M- (1.1 keV), and N- (186 eV) shell cascade events and verify that the relative ratio of observed events for each shell agrees with calculations. The N-shell cascade analysis includes single extracted electron (SE) events and represents the lowest-energy electronic recoil $\textit{in situ}$ measurements that have been explored in liquid xenon., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2017
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27. 3D Modeling of Electric Fields in the LUX Detector

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: This work details the development of a three-dimensional (3D) electric field model for the LUX detector. The detector took data during two periods of searching for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) searches. After the first period completed, a time-varying non-uniform negative charge developed in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) panels that define the radial boundary of the detector's active volume. This caused electric field variations in the detector in time, depth and azimuth, generating an electrostatic radially-inward force on electrons on their way upward to the liquid surface. To map this behavior, 3D electric field maps of the detector's active volume were built on a monthly basis. This was done by fitting a model built in COMSOL Multiphysics to the uniformly distributed calibration data that were collected on a regular basis. The modeled average PTFE charge density increased over the course of the exposure from -3.6 to $-5.5~\mu$C/m$^2$. From our studies, we deduce that the electric field magnitude varied while the mean value of the field of $\sim200$~V/cm remained constant throughout the exposure. As a result of this work the varying electric fields and their impact on event reconstruction and discrimination were successfully modeled.
Published: 2017
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28. $^{83\textrm{m}}$Kr calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Fallon, S. R., Fan, A., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: LUX was the first dark matter experiment to use a $^{83\textrm{m}}$Kr calibration source. In this paper we describe the source preparation and injection. We also present several $^{83\textrm{m}}$Kr calibration applications in the context of the 2013 LUX exposure, including the measurement of temporal and spatial variation in scintillation and charge signal amplitudes, and several methods to understand the electric field within the time projection chamber.
Published: 2017
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29. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section obtained from the complete LUX exposure

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fallon, S. R., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from the total 129.5 kg-year exposure acquired by the Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX), operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota (USA). A profile likelihood ratio analysis allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n$ = 1.6$\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^{2}$ ($\sigma_p$ = 5$\times 10^{-40}$ cm$^{2}$) at 35 GeV$c^{-2}$, almost a sixfold improvement over the previous LUX spin-dependent results. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by PRL
Published: 2017
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30. First Searches for Axions and Axion-Like Particles with the LUX Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Aquino, C., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fallon, S. R., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Velan, V., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The first searches for axions and axion-like particles with the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axio-electric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons, gAe is tested, using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totalling 95 live-days $\times$ 118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes gAe larger than 3.5 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the DFSZ theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c$^{2}$, while for the KSVZ description masses above 36.6 eV/c$^{2}$ are excluded. For galactic axion-like particles, values of gAe larger than 4.2 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c$^{2}$. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.
Published: 2017
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31. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Technical Design Report

Author: Mount, B. J., Hans, S., Rosero, R., Yeh, M., Chan, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Huang, D. Q., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Pangilinan, M., Rhyne, C. A., Taylor, W. C., Verbus, J. R., Kim, Y. D., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Li, J., Belle, J., Cottle, A., Lippincott, W. H., Markley, D. J., Martin, T. J., Sarychev, M., Tope, T. E., Utes, M., Wang, R., Young, I., Araújo, H. M., Bailey, A. J., Bauer, D., Colling, D., Currie, A., Fayer, S., Froborg, F., Greenwood, S., Jones, W. G., Kasey, V., Khaleeq, M., Olcina, I., Paredes, B. López, Richards, A., Sumner, T. J., Tomás, A., Vacheret, A., Brás, P., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Neves, F., Rodrigues, J. P., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Barry, M. J., Cole, A., Dobi, A., Edwards, W. R., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gantos, N. J., Gehman, V. M., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hanzel, K., Hoff, M. D., Kamdin, K., Lesko, K. T., McConnell, C. T., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Patton, S. J., Saba, J. S., Sorensen, P., Thomas, K. J., Tull, C. E., Waldron, W. L., Witherell, M. S., Bernstein, A., Kazkaz, K., Xu, J., Akimov, D. Yu., Bolozdynya, A. I., Khromov, A. V., Konovalov, A. M., Kumpan, A. V., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Dahl, C. E., Temples, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., de Viveiros, L., Akerib, D. S., Auyeung, H., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Breidenbach, M., Bramante, R., Conley, R., Craddock, W. W., Fan, A., Hau, A., Ignarra, C. M., Ji, W., Krebs, H. J., Linehan, R., Lee, C., Luitz, S., Mizrachi, E., Monzani, M. E., O'Neill, F. G., Pierson, S., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Skarpaas, K., Stifter, K., To, W. H., Va'vra, J., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Bai, X., Bunker, R., Coughlen, R., Hjemfelt, C., Leonard, R., Miller, E. H., Morrison, E., Reichenbacher, J., Schnee, R. W., Stark, M. R., Sundarnath, K., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Bauer, P., Carlson, B., Horn, M., Johnson, M., Keefner, J., Maupin, C., Taylor, D. J., Balashov, S., Ford, P., Francis, V., Holtom, E., Khazov, A., Kaboth, A., Majewski, P., Nikkel, J. A., O'Dell, J., Preece, R. M., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Worm, S. D., Mannino, R. L., Stiegler, T. M., Terman, P. A., Webb, R. C., Levy, C., Mock, J., Szydagis, M., Busenitz, J. K., Elnimr, M., Hor, J. Y-K., Meng, Y., Piepke, A., Stancu, I., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Penning, B., Bernard, E. P., Jacobsen, R. G., McKinsey, D. N., Watson, R., Cutter, J. E., El-Jurf, S., Gerhard, R. M., Hemer, D., Hillbrand, S., Holbrook, B., Lenardo, B. G., Manalaysay, A. G., Morad, J. A., Stephenson, S., Thomson, J. A., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Haselschwardt, S. J., Kyre, S., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Solmaz, M., White, D. T., Cascella, M., Dobson, J. E. Y., Ghag, C., Liu, X., Manenti, L., Reichhart, L., Shaw, S., Utku, U., Beltrame, P., Davison, T. J. R., Marzioni, M. F., Murphy, A. St. J., Nilima, A., Boxer, B., Burdin, S., Greenall, A., Powell, S., Rose, H. J., Sutcliffe, P., Balajthy, J., Edberg, T. K., Hall, C. R., Silk, J. S., Hertel, S., Akerlof, C. W., Arthurs, M., Lorenzon, W., Pushkin, K., Schubnell, M., Boast, K. E., Carels, C., Fruth, T., Kraus, H., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Scovell, P. R., Druszkiewicz, E., Khaitan, D., Koyuncu, M., Skulski, W., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yin, J., Korolkova, E. V., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Rossiter, P., Woodward, D., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Mei, D. -M., Wang, L., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., Zhang, C., Alsum, S. K., Benson, T., Carlsmith, D. L., Cherwinka, J. J., Dasu, S., Gregerson, G., Gomber, B., Pagac, A., Palladino, K. J., Vuosalo, C. O., Xiao, Q., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Olevitch, M. A., Boulton, E. M., Emmet, W. T., Hurteau, T. W., Larsen, N. A., Pease, E. K., Tennyson, B. P., and Tvrznikova, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this Technical Design Report (TDR) we describe the LZ detector to be built at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The LZ dark matter experiment is designed to achieve sensitivity to a WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of three times ten to the negative forty-eighth square centimeters., Comment: 392 pages. Submitted to the Department of Energy as part of the documentation for the Critical Decision Numbers Two and Three (CD-2 and CD-3) management processes. Report also available by chapter at this URL
Published: 2017

32. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author: Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alsum, S. K., Araújo, H. M., Arnquist, I. J., Arthurs, M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Barry, M. J., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Brás, P., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Currie, A., Dahl, C. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Emmet, W. T., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Gehman, V. M., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gomber, B., Hall, C. R., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hillbrand, S., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hoppe, E. W., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kaboth, A., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Konovalov, A. M., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kraus, H., Krebs, H. J., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lee, C., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R. E., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Lopes, M. I., Paredes, B. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Luitz, S., Majewski, P., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Markley, D. J., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., O'Dell, J., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Piepke, A., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Saba, J. S., Sarychev, M., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Verbus, J. R., Vuosalo, C. O., Waldron, W. L., Wang, R., Watson, R., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodward, D., Worm, S., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$<$1.6~mBq/kg, $^{238}$U$_{l}$~$<$0.09~mBq/kg, $^{232}$Th$_{e}$~$=0.28\pm 0.03$~mBq/kg, $^{232}$Th$_{l}$~$=0.25\pm 0.02$~mBq/kg, $^{40}$K~$<$0.54~mBq/kg, and $^{60}$Co~$<$0.02~mBq/kg (68\% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of $0.160\pm0.001$(stat)$\pm0.030$(sys) counts., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2017
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33. Signal yields, energy resolution, and recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This work presents an analysis of monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks in the dark-matter-search and calibration data from the first underground science run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector. Liquid xenon charge and light yields for electronic recoil energies between 5.2 and 661.7 keV are measured, as well as the energy resolution for the LUX detector at those same energies. Additionally, there is an interpretation of existing measurements and descriptions of electron-ion recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon as limiting cases of a more general liquid xenon re- combination fluctuation model. Measurements of the standard deviation of these fluctuations at monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks exhibit a linear dependence on the number of ions for energy deposits up to 661.7 keV, consistent with previous LUX measurements between 2-16 keV with $^3$H. We highlight similarities in liquid xenon recombination for electronic and nuclear recoils with a comparison of recombination fluctuations measured with low-energy calibration data., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2016
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34. Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure

Author: Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O`Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report constraints on spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon scattering using a 3.35e4 kg-day exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. A dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with 250 kg of active mass is operated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility under Lead, South Dakota (USA). With roughly fourfold improvement in sensitivity for high WIMP masses relative to our previous results, this search yields no evidence of WIMP nuclear recoils. At a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2, WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross sections above 2.2e-46 cm^2 are excluded at the 90% confidence level. When combined with the previously reported LUX exposure, this exclusion strengthens to 1.1e-46 cm^2 at 50 GeV/c^2., Comment: This version includes a combined analysis with previously published LUX results, and matches the version published in PRL
Published: 2016
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35. Low-energy (0.7-74 keV) nuclear recoil calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment using D-D neutron scattering kinematics

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC) operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. A calibration of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon was performed $\textit{in situ}$ in the LUX detector using a collimated beam of mono-energetic 2.45 MeV neutrons produced by a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion source. The nuclear recoil energy from the first neutron scatter in the TPC was reconstructed using the measured scattering angle defined by double-scatter neutron events within the active xenon volume. We measured the absolute charge ($Q_{y}$) and light ($L_{y}$) yields at an average electric field of 180 V/cm for nuclear recoil energies spanning 0.7 to 74 keV and 1.1 to 74 keV, respectively. This calibration of the nuclear recoil signal yields will permit the further refinement of liquid xenon nuclear recoil signal models and, importantly for dark matter searches, clearly demonstrates measured ionization and scintillation signals in this medium at recoil energies down to $\mathcal{O}$(1 keV)., Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables
Published: 2016

36. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes $^{85}$Kr and $^{39}$Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search exmperiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt., Comment: Accepted in Astropart. Phys
Published: 2016
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37. Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the first experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from LUX data acquired in 2013. LUX is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), which is designed to observe the recoil signature of galactic WIMPs scattering from xenon nuclei. A profile likelihood ratio analysis of $1.4~\times~10^{4}~\text{kg}\cdot~\text{days}$ of fiducial exposure allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n~=~9.4~\times~10^{-41}~\text{cm}^2$ ($\sigma_p~=~2.9~\times~10^{-39}~\text{cm}^2$) at 33 GeV/c$^2$. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2016
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38. Predicting Individual Risk of Emergency Hospital Admissions – A Retrospective Validation Study

Author: Skov Benthien K, Kart Jacobsen R, Hjarnaa L, Mehl Virenfeldt G, Rasmussen K, and Toft U
Subjects: hospital admissions, prediction, chronic disease, frailty, prevention, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Kirstine Skov Benthien,1 Rikke Kart Jacobsen,1 Louise Hjarnaa,1 Gert Mehl Virenfeldt,1 Knud Rasmussen,2 Ulla Toft1 1Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark; 2Data and Development Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, DenmarkCorrespondence: Kirstine Skov BenthienCenter for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Frederiksberg, 2000, DenmarkTel +45 31160453Email Kirstine.skov.benthien@regionh.dkPurpose: A high number of hospital admissions may indicate poor general health and less than optimal health care across sectors. To prevent hospital admissions, previous studies have focused on predicting readmissions relating to a defined index admission and specific condition, whereas generic models suited for community-dwelling persons are lacking. The aim of this study was to validate a generic model that predicted risk of emergency hospital admission within the following three months and to investigate regional variation.Materials and Methods: This study is an observational register-based validation study of a prediction model. The prediction model was based on a population of frail elderly, persons with non-communicable diseases, and persons with three emergency hospital admissions using information about diagnoses and hospital contacts. The prediction model consisted of two stages. In the first stage, covariate associations to admissions are estimated from observed data in one year. In the second stage, admissions are predicted in the coming three months based on observed estimations from the first stage. The validity of the model was calculated by comparing predicted and observed admissions from August 1st to October 31st, 2016.Results: The study included 112,026 persons. In nationwide data, area under the curve (AUC) was 0.7742 (95% CI 0.7698– 0.7786), and the positive predictive value was 52% for the 99th percentile (the top 1%). AUC varied between regions from 0.6914 in Southern Denmark (95% CI 0.6779– 0.7049) to 0.8224 (95% CI 0.8064– 0.8384) in North Denmark. AUC was higher with nationwide data compared to regional.Conclusion: The model performed satisfactorily in predicting individual risk of emergency hospital admission.Keywords: hospital admissions, prediction, chronic disease, frailty, prevention
Published: 2021

39. Improved Limits on Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from Reanalysis of 2013 LUX data

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O`Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present constraints on weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP)-nucleus scattering from the 2013 data of the Large Underground Xenon dark matter experiment, including $1.4\times10^{4}\;\mathrm{kg\; day}$ of search exposure. This new analysis incorporates several advances: single-photon calibration at the scintillation wavelength, improved event-reconstruction algorithms, a revised background model including events originating on the detector walls in an enlarged fiducial volume, and new calibrations from decays of an injected tritium $\beta$ source and from kinematically constrained nuclear recoils down to 1.1 keV. Sensitivity, especially to low-mass WIMPs, is enhanced compared to our previous results which modeled the signal only above a 3 keV minimum energy. Under standard dark matter halo assumptions and in the mass range above 4 $\mathrm{GeV}\,c^{-2}$, these new results give the most stringent direct limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section. The 90% C.L. upper limit has a minimum of 0.6 zb at 33 $\mathrm{GeV}\,c^{-2}$ WIMP mass., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2015
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40. Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O`Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present measurements of the electron-recoil (ER) response of the LUX dark matter detector based upon 170,000 highly pure and spatially-uniform tritium decays. We reconstruct the tritium energy spectrum using the combined energy model and find good agreement with expectations. We report the average charge and light yields of ER events in liquid xenon at 180 V/cm and 105 V/cm and compare the results to the NEST model. We also measure the mean charge recombination fraction and its fluctuations, and we investigate the location and width of the LUX ER band. These results provide input to a re-analysis of the LUX Run3 WIMP search.
Published: 2015
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41. FPGA-based Trigger System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yen, M., Yin, J., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance., Comment: 11 pages, 26 figures, added some key points to the abstract, and conclusions, no change in results, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2015
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42. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author: The LZ Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alsum, S. K., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Barry, M. J., Bauer, P., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Craddock, W. W., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dasu, S., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, W. R., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fu, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Gehman, V. M., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gomber, B., Hall, C. R., Harris, A., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Ji, X., Johnson, M., Ju, Y., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Konovalov, A. M., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Krebs, H. J., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, J., Liu, X., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Luitz, S., Majewski, P., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Markley, D. J., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Mock, J., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., O'Neill, F. G., O'Dell, J., O'Sullivan, K., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Piepke, A., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Saba, J. S., Sarychev, M., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M. S. G., Scovell, P. R., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stiegler, T. M., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tripathi, M., Tull, C. E., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Verbus, J. R., Vuosalo, C. O., Waldron, W. L., Wang, L., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, E., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given., Comment: 278 pages. Submitted to the Department of Energy as part of the documentation for the Critical Decision Number One (CD-1) management process. Report also available by chapter at http://hep.ucsb.edu/LZ/CDR. This version includes corrections of minor typographic errors
Published: 2015

43. The Physics of the B Factories

Author: Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. 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R., Schietinger, T., Schilling, C. J., Schindler, R. H., Schmid, S., Schmitz, R. E., Schmuecker, H., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schönmeier, P., Schofield, K. C., Schott, G., Schröder, H., Schram, M., Schubert, J., Schümann, J., Schultz, J., Schumm, B. A., Schune, M. H., Schwanke, U., Schwarz, H., Schwiening, J., Schwierz, R., Schwitters, R. F., Sciacca, C., Sciolla, G., Scott, I. J., Seeman, J., Seiden, A., Seitz, R., Seki, T., Sekiya, A. I., Semenov, S., Semmler, D., Sen, S., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Serbo, V. V., Serednyakov, S. I., Serfass, B., Serra, M., Serrano, J., Settai, Y., Seuster, R., Sevior, M. E., Shakhova, K. V., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Sharma, V., Shebalin, V., Shelkov, V. G., Shen, B. C., Shen, D. Z., Shen, Y. T., Sherwood, D. J., Shibata, T., Shibata, T. A., Shibuya, H., Shidara, T., Shimada, K., Shimoyama, M., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. G., Shorthouse, H. W., Shpilinskaya, L. I., Sibidanov, A., Sicard, E., Sidorov, A., Sidorov, V., Siegle, V., Sigamani, M., Simani, M. 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F., Susaki, Y., Sutcliffe, P., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Suzuki, J. I., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Swain, J. E., Swain, S. K., T'Jampens, S., Tabata, M., Tackmann, K., Tajima, H., Tajima, O., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takahashi, T., Takasaki, F., Takayama, T., Takita, M., Tamai, K., Tamponi, U., Tamura, N., Tan, N., Tan, P., Tanabe, K., Tanabe, T., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Taras, P., Tasneem, N., Tatishvili, G., Tatomi, T., Tawada, M., Taylor, F., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, G. P., Telnov, V. I., Teodorescu, L., Ter-Antonyan, R., Teramoto, Y., Teytelman, D., Thérin, G., Thiebaux, Ch., Thiessen, D., Thomas, E. W., Thompson, J. M., Thorne, F., Tian, X. C., Tibbetts, M., Tikhomirov, I., Tinslay, J. S., Tiozzo, G., Tisserand, V., Tocut, V., Toki, W. H., Tomassini, E. W., Tomoto, M., Tomura, T., Torassa, E., Torrence, E., Tosi, S., Touramanis, C., Toussaint, J. C., Tovey, S. N., Trapani, P. 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Z., Yèche, Ch., Yamada, Y., Yamaga, M., Yamaguchi, A., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, N., Yamamoto, R. K., Yamamoto, S., Yamanaka, T., Yamaoka, H., Yamaoka, J., Yamaoka, Y., Yamashita, Y., Yamauchi, M., Yan, D. S., Yan, Y., Yanai, H., Yanaka, S., Yang, H., Yang, R., Yang, S., Yarritu, A. K., Yashchenko, S., Yashima, J., Yasin, Z., Yasu, Y., Ye, S. W., Yeh, P., Yi, J. I., Yi, K., Yi, M., Yin, Z. W., Ying, J., Yocky, G., Yokoyama, K., Yokoyama, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, M., Yoshimura, Y., Young, C. C., Yu, C. X., Yu, Z., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yumiceva, F. X., Yusa, Y., Yushkov, A. N., Yuta, H., Zacek, V., Zain, S. B., Zallo, A., Zambito, S., Zander, D., Zang, S. L., Zanin, D., Zaslavsky, B. G., Zeng, Q. L., Zghiche, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, H. W., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z. G., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y. H., Zheng, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhou, P., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation
Published: 2014
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44. Radiogenic and Muon-Induced Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Detector

Author: Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is $(2.6\pm0.2_{\textrm{stat}}\pm0.4_{\textrm{sys}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$ in a 118~kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is $(3.6\pm0.4_{\textrm{stat}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures / 17 images, submitted to Astropart. Phys
Published: 2014
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45. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Szydagis, M., Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with a fiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, is currently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initial null-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section was released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe, roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the first experiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scale employed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, and of the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We found the LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of other results., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of The 10th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA2013); fixed author list and added info on new calibration
Published: 2014

46. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Aviles, S., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Brew, C. A. J., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Cabrita, R., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Harrison, J., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F.-T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lopez-Asamar, E., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D.-M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F. G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W.-Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zhang, C., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Published: 2022
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47. Time to pregnancy and life expectancy:a cohort study of 18796 pregnant couples

Author: Lindahl-Jacobsen, R., Petersson, M. Tavlo, Priskorn, L., Skakkebæk, N. E., Juul, A., Kristensen, D. M., Eisenberg, M. L., Jensen, T. K., Lindahl-Jacobsen, R., Petersson, M. Tavlo, Priskorn, L., Skakkebæk, N. E., Juul, A., Kristensen, D. M., Eisenberg, M. L., and Jensen, T. K.
Abstract: STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as time to pregnancy (TTP), associated with mortality in parents? SUMMARY ANSWER Prolonged TTP is associated with increased mortality in both mothers and fathers in a dose–response manner. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Several studies have linked both male and female fecundity to mortality. In women, infertility has been linked to several diseases, but studies suggest that the underlying conditions, rather than infertility, increase mortality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was carried out on 18 796 pregnant couples, in which the pregnant women attended prophylactic antenatal care between 1973 and 1987 at a primary and tertiary care unit. The couples were followed in Danish mortality registers from their child’s birth date until death or until 2018. The follow-up period was up to 47 years, and there was complete follow-up until death, emigration or end of study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS At the first antenatal visit, the pregnant women were asked to report the time to the current pregnancy. Inclusion was restricted to the first pregnancy, and TTP was categorised into <12 months, ≥12 months, not planned, and not available. In sub-analyses, TTP ≥12 was further categorized into 12–35, 36–60, and >60 months. Information for parents was linked to several Danish nationwide health registries. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% CI for survival and adjusted for age at the first attempt to become pregnant, year of birth, socioeconomic status, mother’s smoking during pregnancy, and mother’s BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mothers and fathers with TTP >60 months survived, respectively, 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6–4.3) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8–3.7) years shorter than parents with a TTP <12 months. The mortality was higher for fathers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34) and mothers (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12, STUDY QUESTION: Is fecundity, measured as time to pregnancy (TTP), associated with mortality in parents? SUMMARY ANSWER: Prolonged TTP is associated with increased mortality in both mothers and fathers in a dose–response manner. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Several studies have linked both male and female fecundity to mortality. In women, infertility has been linked to several diseases, but studies suggest that the underlying conditions, rather than infertility, increase mortality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A prospective cohort study was carried out on 18 796 pregnant couples, in which the pregnant women attended prophylactic antenatal care between 1973 and 1987 at a primary and tertiary care unit. The couples were followed in Danish mortality registers from their child’s birth date until death or until 2018. The follow-up period was up to 47 years, and there was complete follow-up until death, emigration or end of study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: At the first antenatal visit, the pregnant women were asked to report the time to the current pregnancy. Inclusion was restricted to the first pregnancy, and TTP was categorised into <12 months, ≥12 months, not planned, and not available. In sub-analyses, TTP ≥12 was further categorized into 12–35, 36–60, and >60 months. Information for parents was linked to several Danish nationwide health registries. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% CI for survival and adjusted for age at the first attempt to become pregnant, year of birth, socioeconomic status, mother’s smoking during pregnancy, and mother’s BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Mothers and fathers with TTP >60 months survived, respectively, 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6–4.3) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8–3.7) years shorter than parents with a TTP <12 months. The mortality was higher for fathers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34) and mothers (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12–1.49) with TTP ≥12 months compared to parents with TTP
Published: 2024

48. Snowmass CF1 Summary: WIMP Dark Matter Direct Detection

Author: Cushman, P., Galbiati, C., McKinsey, D. N., Robertson, H., Tait, T. M. P., Bauer, D., Borgland, A., Cabrera, B., Calaprice, F., Cooley, J., Empl, T., Essig, R., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Gaitskell, R., Golwala, S., Hall, J., Hill, R., Hime, A., Hoppe, E., Hsu, L., Hungerford, E., Jacobsen, R., Kelsey, M., Lang, R. F., Lippincott, W. H., Loer, B., Luitz, S., Mandic, V., Mardon, J., Maricic, J., Maruyama, R., Mahapatra, R., Nelson, H., Orrell, J., Palladino, K., Pantic, E., Partridge, R., Ryd, A., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Schnee, R., Shepherd, W., Sonnenschein, A., Sorensen, P., Szydagis, M., Volansky, T., Witherell, M., Wright, D., and Zurek, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: As part of the Snowmass process, the Cosmic Frontier WIMP Direct Detection subgroup (CF1) has drawn on input from the Cosmic Frontier and the broader Particle Physics community to produce this document. The charge to CF1 was (a) to summarize the current status and projected sensitivity of WIMP direct detection experiments worldwide, (b) motivate WIMP dark matter searches over a broad parameter space by examining a spectrum of WIMP models, (c) establish a community consensus on the type of experimental program required to explore that parameter space, and (d) identify the common infrastructure required to practically meet those goals., Comment: Snowmass CF1 Final Summary Report: 47 pages and 28 figures with a 5 page appendix on instrumentation R&D
Published: 2013

49. First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O`Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), was cooled and filled in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search dataset, taken during the period April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live-days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of $7.6 \times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^2$. We find that the LUX data are in strong disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett. Appendix A included as supplementary material with PRL article
Published: 2013
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50. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Camp, C., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, E., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Kwong, J., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., Marquez, Z., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Roberts, P., Shei, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sofka, C. J., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Stolp, D., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, D., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $<$1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector., Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2012
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