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Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) involves complex genetic mechanisms, notably involving CLDN1 and EGFR. This study investigates the expression and variations of these genes and their effects on tumor behavior and patient outcomes. Meta-analysis of CLDN1 and EGFR expression in TCGA–PTC patients and GEO datasets was conducted. cBioPortal was used for clinical analysis. GSEA, GO, KEGG, Hallmark pathways, and cibersort analysis were applied. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed in vitro. Co-culturing with CD8+ T cells, MTT assay, ELISA, subcutaneous tumor models, and immunohistochemistry were performed. TGF-β pathway-related proteins were analyzed via Western blot. CLDN1 and EGFR were overexpressed in PTC tumors, correlating with higher-risk patients and reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration. Silencing these genes inhibited tumor cell functions and enhanced CD8+ T cell activity, both in vitro and in vivo. CLDN1 and EGFR are crucial in PTC, linked to tumor invasiveness, EMT, and immune suppression, presenting them as potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a major oilseed crop in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. However, it is susceptible to waterlogging stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics, cellular changes, and gene expression patterns of rapeseed under waterlogging stress, with the goal of providing a foundation for breeding waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed. The results revealed that waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed exhibited higher levels of soluble sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly in the roots. Conversely, waterlogging-sensitive rapeseed displayed greater changes in malondialdehyde, proline, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Cellular observations showed that after experiencing waterlogging stress, the intercellular space of rapeseed leaf cells expanded, leading to disintegration of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Moreover, the area of the root xylem increased, the number of vessels grew, and there were signs of mitochondrial disintegration and vacuole shrinkage, with more pronounced changes observed in waterlogging-sensitive rapeseed. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the transcription levels of genes related to anaerobic respiration and flavonoid biosynthesis, and different varieties demonstrated varied responses to waterlogging stress. In conclusion, there are differences in the response of different varieties to waterlogging stress at the levels of morphology, physiological characteristics, cell structure, and gene transcription. Waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed responds to waterlogging stress by regulating its antioxidant defense system. This study provides valuable insights for the development of waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed varieties.

The energy structure, characterized by abundant coal, limited oil, and gas shortages, contributes to China’s prevalent coal consumption. In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, coal combustion exacerbates environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need to promote clean and efficient coal use. As coal gasification technology rapidly advances as a pivotal method for achieving cleaner and more efficient coal use, the challenge of effectively managing coal gasification solid waste becomes increasingly important. The substantial carbon content and complex distribution of carbon and inorganic minerals in coal gasification residue hinder its comprehensive use in building materials and mixed combustion processes. Consequently, the primary disposal methods for coal gasification slag remain stacking and landfilling, which waste land resources and pollute the environment. To realize sustainable and eco-friendly development within the coal chemical industry, addressing the efficient disposal of coal gasification slag is of paramount importance. An abundance of aluminum, silicon, and carbon residue resources endows coal gasification slag with immense potential for the production of high-value-added materials, garnering considerable attention from researchers. The inorganic mineral composition of coal gasification slag is rich in silicon oxide, alumina, and iron oxide components, which can be harnessed for synthesizing zeolite, mesoporous silica, and various micro/nano materials. The carbon residue within coal gasification slag exists in a flocculent porous form, exhibiting a certain degree of graphitization and possessing a large specific surface area, thereby facilitating the production of porous carbon materials. Moreover, a strategy of simultaneous use of carbon and ash can be leveraged to prepare carbon–silicon mesoporous and zeolite–carbon composite materials from coal gasification slag. Looking ahead, based on large-scale coal gasification slag consumption through bulk resource use, the high-value utilization path of coal gasification slag must be further explored to increase the added value of the industry. Building upon the understanding of the production process of coal gasification slag, this paper introduces the composition and micromorphology of coal gasification slag while systematically detailing the preparation methods for synthesizing mesoporous silica, porous carbon, carbon–silicon mesoporous composite materials, zeolite, and zeolite–carbon composite materials. Additionally, the paper delves into the applications of functional micro/nano materials derived from coal gasification slag across various domains, such as adsorbents, catalysts, filling materials, supercapacitors, and microwave-absorbing materials. Finally, the existing problems and future development trends of coal gasification slag resource usage are addressed, aiming to provide guidance for the comprehensive use of coal gasification slag.

Abstract The neighborhood effect has become an important framework with which to study the mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of tree species. Phylogenetic relatedness among neighboring plants directly affects species coexistence and the maintenance of tree diversity. And some studies have reported that seedling performance is negatively correlated with phylogenetic relatedness, which termed phylogenetic negative density dependence. Soil-borne fungal pathogens affected seedling performance of phylogenetically related host species, i.e., phylogenetic Janzen–Connell effect. Seedlings may be particularly vulnerable to habitat and neighbor characteristics. Although previous studies have demonstrated the influence of neighborhood effects, phylogenetic relatedness, and habitat filtering on seedling survival, growth, and mortality, the effect of variation in these factors on seedling abundance remains unclear. To address this question, we used a 4-ha (200 m × 200 m) and monitored four-year (2020–2023) seedling dataset from a mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved subtropical forest in the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, Southwestern China, and which consisted of 916 seedlings belonging to 56 species. The results of generalized linear mixed models showed no significant effect of conspecific adult neighbors on seedling abundance at any of the intervals evaluated. In contrast, we found evidence of phylogenetic distance density dependence in the forests of the Gaoligong Mountains. Specifically, there was a significant positive effect of the relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific adult neighbors and focal seedlings on focal seedling abundance in 2020; however, the relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific seedling neighbors and focal seedlings had a significant negative effect on seedling abundance over the four-year period (2020–2023). Among the habitat factors, only light (canopy opening) had a negative effect on seedling abundance in all four years. Light resources may be a limiting factor for seedlings, and determine seedling dynamics in subtropical forests. Overall, our results demonstrated that phylogenetic density dependence and habitat filtering affected subtropical seedling abundance. Our findings provide new evidence of the impact of phylogenetic density dependence on seedling abundance in a subtropical mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and highlight the need to incorporate the neighborhood effect, phylogenetic relatedness, and habitat factors in models assessing seedling abundance.

Triplophysa grahami Regan 1906 is a member of the family Nemacheilidae, Cypriniformes, and native loach in Yunnan. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of T. grahami Regan 1906 was firstly reported and analyzed. The mitogenome of T. grahami Regan 1906 is 16,566 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and one control region (D-loop). The arrangement and orientation of protein coding genes and RNAs in T. grahami Regan 1906 are identical to other species of Nemacheilidae. The base composition of T. grahami Regan 1906 mitogenome was 29.25% A, 28.55% T, 25.03% C, and 17.17% G. The phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenome showed that T. grahami Regan 1906 belongs to the clade of genus Triplophysa and the monophyly of Triplophysa is identified. This study contributed valuable genetic data for T. grahami Regan 1906 and explored the phylogenetic relationships in Nemacheilidae.

As climate change worsens, it is becoming increasingly important to effectively harness and store energy from non-fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The increasing adoption of various rechargeable batteries is being driven by advancements in non-fossil energy, the development of energy storage technology, and electrification in technological fields such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic thermal energy storage, and aerospace technology. However, the compact size of batteries leads to a significant increase in their internal energy density and temperature. Elevated heat flux and temperature not only limit battery performance but also reduce lifespan and pose safety risks to battery systems. The occurrence of thermal runaway under extreme conditions is a concern as it can result in battery combustion or even explosion. Thus, the implementation of efficient battery thermal management systems is essential. Besides traditional methods such as air cooling, phase change materials, and liquid cooling, in recent years, various novel thermal management technologies, including heat pipes, nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials, and nanofluids, have been extensively explored. Among these emerging technologies, nanofluid battery thermal management systems have garnered attention due to their significant impact, minimal additional energy consumption, and cost-effectiveness compared with alternative approaches. These systems utilize nanofluids, which are liquids with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can contain oxides such as alumina and titanium dioxide, metals such as silver and copper, and carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotube and nanodiamond. The application of nanoparticles results in an improvement in the thermal conductivity of fluids. Moreover, nanoparticles can also supply extra nuclei, improve surface wettability, and delay bubble coalescence while boiling. Thus, nanofluids can enhance heat transfer in both single-phase and two-phase flows. Given the enhancement of heat transfer, nanofluids exhibit significant potential in battery thermal management. Herein, a systematic review of the research progress on nanofluid battery thermal management systems is presented. First, the structure, working principle, and demands of battery thermal management are given. Afterward, the concept and classification of nanofluids are introduced. Subsequently, the fundamental properties of nanofluids, such as stability, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, are elucidated. The article further discusses the current research progress on nanofluid-based battery thermal management systems applied in lithium batteries, fuel cells, and photovoltaic batteries. Finally, some notable challenges associated with nanofluid battery thermal management systems and some future development directions on numerical and experimental research and industrial applications are outlined.

The imaging of aerial targets using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is affected by micro-Doppler effects resulting from localized micromotions, such as rotation and vibration. These effects introduce additional Doppler frequency modulation into the echo, leading to spectral broadening. Under ultrahigh-resolution conditions, these micromotions interfere with the focusing process of subject scatterers, resulting in images with poor focus showing significantly reduced quality. Furthermore, micro-Doppler signals exhibit temporal variability and nonstationary characteristics, posing difficulties in their estimation and differentiation from the echo. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a nonparametric method based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and mode optimization to separate the echo of the subject from micro-Doppler components. This separation is achieved by utilizing differences in their respective time-frequency distributions. This methodology mitigates the effect of micro-Doppler signals on the echo and obtains imaging results of a drone with ultrahigh-resolution. The VMD algorithm is introduced and subsequently extended to the complex domain. The method entails the decomposition of the ISAR echo along the azimuth direction into several mode functions distributed uniformly across the Doppler sampling bandwidth. Subsequently, image entropy indices are employed to optimize the decomposition parameters and select the imaging modes. This ensures the effective suppression of micro-Doppler signals and preservation of the subject echo. Compared to existing methods based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Local Mean Decomposition (LMD), the proposed method exhibits superior performance in suppressing image blurring caused by micro-Doppler effects while ensuring complete retention of fuselage details. Furthermore, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are validated through simulations and processing of ultrawideband microwave photonic data obtained from drone measurements.

We consider the scheduling of battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs) integrated with renewable power generation. The increasing adoption of EVs and the development of renewable energies contribute importance to this research. The optimization of charging scheduling is challenging because of the large action space, the multi-stage decision making, and the high uncertainty. To solve this problem is time-consuming when the scale of the system is large. It is urgent to develop a practical and efficient method to properly schedule the charging of EVs. The contribution of this work is threefold. First, we provide a sufficient condition on which the charging of EVs can be completely self-sustained by distributed generation. An algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal charging policy when the sufficient condition holds. Second, the scenario when the supply of the renewable power generation is deficient is investigated. We prove that when the renewable generation is deterministic there exists an optimal policy which follows the modified least laxity and longer remaining processing time first (mLLLP) rule. Third, we provide an adaptive rule-based algorithm which obtains a near-optimal charging policy efficiently in general situations. We test the proposed algorithm by numerical experiments. The results show that it performs better than the other existing rule-based methods.

Abstract miRNA has emerged as a crucial regulator in various of pathological and physiological processes, yet its precise mechanism of action the detailed mechanism of their action in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains incompletely understood. This study sheds light on the role of mi-151-5p, revealing its significantly elevated expression in tumor cells, which notably enhances the invasion and migration of HNSCC cells. This effect is achieved through directly targeting LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 3 (LYPD3) by miR-151-5p, involving complementary binding to the 3’-untranslated regions (3’-UTR) in the mRNA of LYPD3. Consequently, this interaction accelerates the metastasis of HNSCC. Notably, clinical observations indicate a correlation between high expression of miR-151-5p and low levels of LYPD3 in clinical settings are correlated with poor prognosis of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrates that glycosylation of LYPD3 modulates its subcellular localization and reinforces its role in suppressing HNSCC metastasis. Additionally, we uncover a potential regulatory mechanism involving the facilitation of miR-151-5p maturation and accumulation through N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. This process is orchestrated by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and mediated by a newly identified reader, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U). These findings collectively underscore the significance of the METTL3/miR-151-5p/LYPD3 axis serves as a prominent driver in the malignant progression of HNSCC.

Abstract Recapitulating the natural extracellular physical microenvironment has emerged as a promising method for tissue regeneration, as multiple physical interventions, including ultrasound, thermal and electrical therapy, have shown great potential. However, simultaneous coupling of multiple physical cues to highly bio-mimick natural characteristics for improved tissue regeneration still remains formidable. Coupling of intrinsic electrical and mechanical cues has been regarded as an effective way to modulate tissue repair. Nevertheless, precise and convenient manipulation on coupling of mechano-electrical signals within extracellular environment to facilitate tissue regeneration remains challengeable. Herein, a photothermal-sensitive piezoelectric membrane was designed for simultaneous integration of electrical and mechanical signals in response to NIR irradiation. The high-performance mechano-electrical coupling under NIR exposure synergistically triggered the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and enhances bone defect regeneration by increasing cellular mechanical sensing, attachment, spreading and cytoskeleton remodeling. This study highlights the coupling of mechanical signals and electrical cues for modulation of osteogenesis, and sheds light on alternative bone tissue engineering therapies with multiple integrated physical cues for tissue repair. Graphical Abstract

Owing to the rapid progress of science and technology, microelectronic devices characterized by high integration and exceptional performance have assumed crucial roles in various industrial fields such as aeronautics, astronautics, energy, medicine, and automobiles. As these devices constantly evolve, the issue of effective thermal management becomes increasingly of utmost importance, specifically in the case of high heat flux. Traditional cooling methods, such as air and liquid cooling, show notable disadvantages. They not only consume significant power but also present lower heat dissipation efficiency. These limitations considerably threaten the stability and reliability of microelectronic devices. Recently, numerous approaches to enhancing heat transfer have been proposed, encompassing both passive strategies, such as nanofluids, surface roughness, and heating element structures, and active techniques involving acoustic, electric, and magnetic fields. Among these approaches, the use of nanofluids stands out due to their inherent advantages, including cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and versatile applications. Aiming to address the low thermal conductivity of basic working fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and mineral oil, researchers have developed a series of particulate forms including but not limited to silica dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon nanotubes, copper (Cu), silver (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), nanodiamond, zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and cupric oxide (CuO). These materials have led to nanofluids, which can be classified into mono nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids based on the particle composition. Hybrid nanofluids include at least two nanoparticle types. The unique advantages stemming from their mechanical and chemical stability, diverse structural configurations, and varied preparation techniques have significantly fascinated researchers. Currently, hybrid nanofluids present outstanding intensification performance across both single-phase and two-phase heat transfer processes. Some of them have superior performance to their mononanofluids due to the collaborative interplay of diverse nanoparticles. These characteristics enable hybrid nanofluids as promising candidates for diverse technological areas such as national defense, air-conditioner systems, semiconductors, mechanical manufacturing and materials. Combining hybrid nanofluids with heat transfer methodologies has also garnered considerable attention and is gradually evolving into a crucial direction for heat transfer improvement. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of the research progress on enhancing the heat transfer process with hybrid nanofluids. First, the preparation techniques for hybrid nanofluids encompass both one-step and two-step methodologies, with a focus on emerging innovative approaches. Furthermore, the physical and chemical characteristics (including but not limited to stability, viscosity, and thermal performance) are reviewed. A detailed discussion of the principle of thermal enhancement is presented. Moreover, this review summarizes the applications of hybrid nanofluids in effectively managing heat within microelectronic devices, solar energy, and heat exchangers. Finally, we outline some challenges in this field and further directions for the advancements of hybrid nanofluids.

Although the data-driven static voltage stability problems have been widely studied, most of the classical algorithms focus more on improving the accuracy of the system prediction, ignoring the error classification errors generated during the prediction process. Furthermore, current research ignores the utilization of data-driven voltage stability assessment of energy storage systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a static voltage stability assessment method for photovoltaic energy storage systems based on considering the error classification constraint algorithm using Neyman-Pearson umbrella algorithms. Firstly, the Spearman Correlation Coefficient is employed in the feature selection phase. Secondly, an updated voltage stability assessment (VSA) model is proposed. Compared with the existing data-driven prediction of system static voltage stability in the literature, it can realize voltage stability assessment more quickly. Furthermore, on the basis of rapid voltage stability assessment, the umbrella NP classifier can also effectively limit the first-class error and attenuate the effect of error classification by mirroring the control of the number of cycle splits and the type I classification error threshold. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the effectiveness and robustness of the scheme proposed in this paper in grid-connected photovoltaic energy farms.

Microwave Photonic (MWP) radars have remarkably improved traditional microwave radar hardware architectures using photonics devices. With the exceptional physical properties of photonic devices, MWP radars can emit ultra-wideband, high-linearity, high-quality linear frequency modulation signals, allowing ultra-high-resolution target imaging and detection. Different target regions exhibit distinct responses to different frequency signals during target imaging and detection due to their diverse structures and characteristics. Therefore, MWP radars have the potential to generate pseudo-color images based on scattering differences, further enhancing the information retrieval capability of MWP Synthetic Aperture Radar (MWP-SAR). Pseudo-color images generated using traditional remote sensing techniques cannot achieve centimeter-level resolution. Therefore, we propose a method for generating pseudo-color images while maintaining the resolution of MWP-SAR. The algorithm first determines an optimal sub-band echo search model and subsequently employs the optimal sub-band search algorithm to process the ultra-wideband echoes to obtain sub-band echo channels with the largest scattering characteristic differences. The multi-sub-band images are then color-composited to generate pseudo-color images that best describe the target scattering characteristics. However, to ensure the high resolution of MWP-SAR, a fusion model is established to combine the full-resolution SAR image with the multi-sub-band image. Finally, full-resolution pseudo-color images are successfully synthesized using the measured airborne MWP-SAR data, validating the effectiveness of the algorithm. This algorithm enables MWP-SAR to obtain more target information during imaging, offering assistance in implementing imaging radar and microwave vision.

The field of person re-identification (re-ID) encounters challenges such as inter-person similarity and occlusion. In this paper, we introduce an occluded pedestrian re-ID method based on Multiple Fusion and Semantic feature Mining (MFSM) to mitigate the adverse effects of occlusion on feature representation. Specifically, we devise a Multi-branch Strategic Enhancement Module (SEM) to bolster the robustness of data augmentation in addressing the issues posed by data memorization more consistently. This module emulates various real-world disturbances by implementing distinct and independent augmentation strategies. Furthermore, we propose the Triplet Cross Unit (TCU) to comprehensively exploit and consolidate both regional and relational visual cues, as well as multi-level features. The TCU facilitates transformers in acquiring an early understanding of translation invariance in images by transferring local patterns such as edges, textures, and colors from the lower CNN layers to the shallower transformer layers. Simultaneously, deeper transformer features offer more abstracted semantic visual representations that complement CNN's high-level semantic features. Lastly, we introduce the Global Squeeze-Excitation Fusion (GSEF) module to address the challenge of global feature segregation across different models in final outputs. The GSEF selectively merges features based on attention mechanisms, prioritizing the comprehensive utilization of valid global features. Extensive experiments demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our model in handling pedestrian occlusion, thus validating the efficacy of our method.

The atmospheric low-level vortex is an important weather system that causes rainstorm and flood in southern China. The vortex induced rainstorm is sudden and local, and its occurence time, intensity and falling area have always been difficult for meteorological forecasting. In order to improve the accuracy of rainstorm prediction in Zhejiang Province and improve the localization application of the prediction model, based on daily precipitation data of Zhejiang Province from 1979 to 2020 and reanalysis dataset from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System, climatic characteristics of the heavy rain in Zhejiang Province induced by low-level vortex is studied, the vortex induced rainstorm in Zhejiang mostly occurs in the rainy season and has obvious interannual variation characteristics. Then, the 850 hPa vertical velocity, water vapor flux divergence, velocity divergence, low-level jet, shear line and 700 hPa vertical velocity are used as ingredient factors, and the potential falling area forecast for heavy rain induced by vortex is constructed by using logistic regression algorithm. Finally, the forecast products of the European Medium-Range Weather Prediction Center are used to forecast the rainstorm falling area based on this model, and the actual data of the same period are used for systematic test and weather process test. Results show that the overall performance of the model is good, and the rainstorm prediction ability of 24 h and 12 h ahead is improved, which can increase from 12% accuracy and 20% to around 14% and 40% respectively, and the omission rate drops from more than 75% to around 60%, but there is a certain degree of empty report. The forecast model of Zhejiang Province based on logistic regression method has a good indicator for the prediction of such rainstorm areas, and is of great significance for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.

Abstract Density dependence and habitat filtering have been proposed to aid in understanding community assembly and species coexistence. Phylogenetic relatedness between neighbors was used as a proxy for assessing the degree of ecological similarity among species. There are different conclusions regarding the neighborhood effect in previous studies with different phylogenetic indices or at different spatiotemporal scales. However, the effects of density dependence, neighbor phylogenetic relatedness, and habitat filtering on seedling survival with different phylogenetic indices or at different temporal and spatial scales are poorly understood. We monitored 916 seedlings representing 56 woody plant species within a 4‐ha forest dynamics plot for 4 years (from 2020 to 2023) in a subtropical mid‐mountain moist evergreen broad‐leaved forest in the Gaoligong Mountains, Southwestern China. Using generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether and how four phylogenetic indices: total phylogenetic distance (TOTPd), average phylogenetic distance (AVEPd), relative average phylogenetic distance (APd′), and relative nearest taxon phylogenetic distance (NTPd′), three temporals (1, 2, and 3 years), and spatial scales (1, 2, and 4 ha) affect the effect of density dependence, phylogenetic density dependence, and habitat filtering on seedling survival. We found evidence of the effect of phylogenetic density dependence in the 4‐ha forest dynamics plot. The effects of density dependence, phylogenetic density dependence, and habitat filtering on seedling survival were influenced by phylogenetic indices and temporal and spatial scales. The effects of phylogenetic density dependence and habitat filtering on seedling survival were more conspicuous only at 1‐year intervals, compared with those at 2‐ and 3‐year intervals. We did not detect any effects of neighborhood or habitat factors on seedling survival at small scales (1 and 2 ha), although these effects were more evident at the largest spatial scale (4 ha). These findings highlight that the effects of local neighborhoods and habitats on seedling survival are affected by phylogenetic indices as well as temporal and spatial scales. Our study suggested that phylogenetic index APd′, shortest time scale (1 year), and largest spatial scales (4 ha) were suitable for neighborhood studies in a mid‐mountain moist evergreen broad‐leaved forest in Gaoligong Mountains. Phylogenetic indices and spatiotemporal scales have important impacts on the results of the neighborhood studies.

This study assesses the impact of simulated sea level rise (SLR) on mercury distribution and migration in an urban mangrove wetland on the northern coast of Maluan Bay, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China. Two adjacent Kandelia obovata mangrove plots with elevations representing current sea level and a 40-cm SLR were examined. Total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and mercury isotopes in sediments from different elevations were analyzed to reveal the geochemical behavior of mercury under a simulated 100-year SLR scenario. THg and MeHg distribution in sediments mirrored patterns of biogenic elements (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), suggesting adsorption onto organic matter as the primary entry mechanism. Low-elevation plots showed significantly higher concentrations of THg, MeHg, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) compared to high-elevation plots. Mercury isotope characteristics indicated that the primary mercury source was anthropogenic emissions from surrounding lands, entering the wetland from both landward and seaward directions. The study highlights the crucial role of mangrove wetlands in mercury pollution control and nutrient cycling under SLR conditions. Results suggest that SLR enhances the retention capacity of mangrove wetlands for THg, MeHg, and nutrients. This research provides a scientific basis for mangrove conservation and restoration, offering new insights into the geochemical behavior of mercury in vegetated intertidal ecosystems in the context of climate change.

Vitamins are dietary components necessary for cellular metabolic balance, especially redox homeostasis; deficient or excessive supply may give rise to symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Exploring the nutritional and metabolic pathways of vitamins could contribute to uncovering the underlying pathogenesis of ferroptosis-associated diseases. This mini-review aims to provide insights into vitamins closely linked to the regulation of ferroptosis from the perspective of cellular reactive oxygen species biology. The mainstream reprogramming mechanisms of ferroptosis are overviewed, focusing on unique biological processes of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis via fully utilizing vitamin-based pharmacological tools were overviewed, covering vitamins (B, C, E, and K). Finally, mechanism insight related to vitamin-associated nutrient signaling was provided, highlighting the pharmacological benefits of metabolically reprogramming ferroptosis-associated diseases.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Hyperphosphorylated tau plays an indispensable role in neuronal dysfunction and synaptic damage in AD. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a novel type of chimeric molecule that can degrade target proteins by inducing their polyubiquitination. This approach has shown promise for reducing tau protein levels, which is a potential therapeutic target for AD. Compared with traditional drug therapies, the use of PROTACs to reduce tau levels may offer a more specific and efficient strategy for treating AD, with fewer side effects. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of small-molecule PROTACs to knock down tau protein. Of these, compound C8 was able to lower both total and phosphorylated tau levels in HEK293 cells with stable expression of wild-type full-length human tau (termed HEK293-htau) and htau-overexpressed mice. Western blot findings indicated that C8 degraded tau protein through the ubiquitin–proteasome system in a time-dependent manner. In htau-overexpressed mice, the results of both the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests revealed that C8 markedly improved cognitive function. Together, our findings suggest that the use of the small-molecule PROTAC C8 to degrade phosphorylated tau may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.

Integrating microchannel flow boiling heat transfer with nanofluids is an effective method for cooling electronic devices. However, traditional methods have significant limitations in achieving facile synthesis of nanofluids with desirable properties. In this study, we propose a straightforward synthesis strategy using microfluidic reactors, which enables continuous and high-throughout synthesis of Al2O3 nanofluids with high purity and long-term stability. These nanofluids were found to enhance boiling heat transfer performance by delaying bubbles coalescence, increasing surface nucleation sites, improving the nucleation rate, and enhancing wettability by observation of the bubble behavior. Specifically, the critical heat flux (CHF) and corresponding heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are increased by a maximum of 32 % and 26 %, respectively, with negligible change in pressure drop. Moreover, the heat transfer performance deteriorates with increasing concentration of alumina nanofluids. These findings not only provide guidance of microchannel flow boiling with nanofluids, but also present valuable insights for the application of nanofluids in two-phase cooling systems for electronic devices.

As the highest altitude and the longest plateau railway line, the Qinghai–Tibet railway passes through a large area of continuous permafrost. As the key position of the combination of roadbed and bridge, the stability and strength of the bridge approach directly affect the smoothness of the whole line. Through an indoor model test, the distribution pattern of space temperature field and the change law of temperature measuring points in the bridge approach of gravel sandwich are studied. With the increase in the depth from the subgrade surface, the influence of the temperature change in the upper atmosphere decreases gradually at the 2.5-m platform back of the subgrade center section, resulting in an obvious lag in the subgrade. By comparing the temperature measurement data of different bridge approaches of the gravel interlayer road bridge and the bridge approach of the U-shaped block gravel road bridge, it is shown that the U-shaped structure not only has a better overall cooling effect, but also the cooling effect gradually increases with the increase in the distance from the abutment back. The influence range of the road–bridge transition section on the spatial temperature field is approximately 14 m in the back of the abutment, and the influence range at 7.5 m is the most severe. The research results have important practical significance and engineering application value for the operation and maintenance of the Qinghai–Tibet railway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious intestinal infection primarily affecting pigs. It is caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). PEDV targets the villus tissue cells in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes, resulting in shortened intestinal villi and, in extreme cases, causing necrosis of the intestinal lining. Moreover, PEDV infection can disrupt the balance of the intestinal microflora, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli. Exosomes, tiny membrane vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in size, contain a complex mixture of RNA and proteins. MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates various cell signaling, development, and disease progression processes. This study extracted exosomes from both groups and performed high-throughput miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics techniques to investigate differences in miRNA expression within exosomes isolated from PEDV-infected porcine small intestine tissue compared to healthy controls. Notably, two miRNA types displayed upregulation in infected exosomes, while 12 exhibited downregulation. These findings unveil abnormal miRNA regulation patterns in PEDV-infected intestinal exosomes, shedding light on the intricate interplay between PEDV and its host. This will enable further exploration of the relationship between these miRNA changes and signaling pathways, enlightening PEDV pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Increasing the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging frame rate is vital for obtaining continuous SAR images and dynamic scene monitoring, which multistatic SAR can achieve. Multiple source synchronization errors in multistatic SAR enable the image to produce positional offset and target defocus, which deteriorate the image quality. In order to obtain highly precise multistatic SAR images, synchronization errors must be compensated for. However, geometry errors are unavoidable during platform movement, which introduce Doppler frequency errors and range cell migration just like synchronization errors. Therefore, these two errors will jointly affect the imaging quality when coupled together, which will increase the difficulty of compensation. Aiming to resolve the issue of obtaining imaging results when the two errors exist simultaneously, this article proposes a decoupled estimation and compensation method for geometry and synchronization error. At first, the coupling relationship between geometry error and synchronization error on echo delay and Doppler frequency is analyzed. Next, the decoupled estimation problem with geometry and synchronization error is transformed into a constrained optimization problem. Then, the differential evolutionary algorithm is employed to address the optimization problem. Finally, the estimated values are utilized to compensate for the echoes to obtain high-resolution imaging results, which are verified by the simulation results. The experimental results convincingly demonstrate the improvement of the proposed method in imaging frame rate and error decoupling ability.

Raw data simulation is very important for system parameter design, performance evaluation, and route planning of bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR). However, most conventional simulation methods focus on improving the efficiency of echo simulation, without considering the impact of terrain fluctuations, resulting in insufficient fidelity of simulated echoes. In this article, a raw data simulation framework under undulating terrain for bistatic SAR with arbitrary configuration is proposed. In the framework, based on the prior information of digital elevation model of undulating terrain and the small facet theory, the time-variant scattering coefficient is computed first with the empirical formula related with the angle variation of transmitter and receiver for bistatic SAR. Then the shadow is judged from the perspectives of transmitter and receiver, respectively, and the formation of double shadow is discussed. At last, the above process was embedded into the time domain pulse by the pulse echo simulation algorithm, forming a framework for simulating bistatic SAR raw data under undulating terrain with arbitrary configuration, and the simulated and measured data experiments are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Forward-looking imaging and target detection are highly desirable in many military and civilian fields, such as search and rescue, sea surface surveillance, airport surveillance, and guidance. However, during the processing procedure, imaging and target detection are usually regarded as two independent parts, which means that the imaging result will directly affect the detection performance. In this article, the LRSD-ADMM-net is proposed to achieve simultaneous super-resolution imaging and target detection for forward-looking scanning radar. First, low-rank and sparse constraints as regularization norms are incorporated to establish objective function, and the alternating direction multiplier method is used to solve simultaneous super-resolution and target detection problems. Then, the solving process is expanded into a neural network, where the weight parameters of each level are obtained through adaptive learning. At last, experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Lipotoxicity is a pivotal factor that initiates and exacerbates liver injury and is involved in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, there are few reported lipotoxicity inhibitors. Here, we identified a natural anti-lipotoxicity candidate, HN-001, from the marine fungus Aspergillus sp. C1. HN-001 dose- and time- dependently reversed palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte death. This protection was associated with IRE-1α-mediated XBP-1 splicing inhibition, which resulted in suppression of XBP-1s nuclear translocation and transcriptional regulation. Knockdown of XBP-1s attenuated lipotoxicity, but no additional ameliorative effect of HN-001 on lipotoxicity was observed in XBP-1s knockdown hepatocytes. Notably, the ER stress and lipotoxicity amelioration was associated with PLA2. Both HN-001 and the PLA2 inhibitor MAFP inhibited PLA2 activity, reduced lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) level, subsequently ameliorated lipotoxicity. In contrast, overexpression of PLA2 caused exacerbation of lipotoxicity and weakened the anti-lipotoxic effects of HN-001. Additionally, HN-001 treatment suppressed the downstream pro-apoptotic JNK pathway. In vivo, chronic administration of HN-001 (i.p.) in mice alleviated all manifestations of MAFLD, including hepatic steatosis, liver injury, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. These effects were correlated with PLA2/IRE-1α/XBP-1s axis and JNK signaling suppression. These data indicate that HN-001 has therapeutic potential for MAFLD because it suppresses lipotoxicity, and provide a natural structural basis for developing anti-MAFLD candidates.

This paper describes the main results from an experimental investigation into the thermal stability of a cold-rolled Al–Y alloy. Tensile tests performed on specimens of the alloy and pure Al in annealed states reveal superior anti-softening properties of the former specimens relative to the latter counterparts. Origins of such thermal stability and underlying recovery and recrystallization kinetics are studied using electron microscopy and high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) techniques. Microscopic observations reveal that recovery and recrystallization begin in the specimens of pure Al at a much lower temperature than in the specimens of Al–Y alloy. Onset of the recovery process in the Al–Y alloy is observed to begin with dislocation rearrangements in the β-Al3Y phases. The onset is followed by more substantial reduction in dislocation density, shrinkage of the β-Al3Y phases, and coarsening of the α-Al grains. The alloy contains stacking faults, which interestingly remain stable during the annealing treatments contributing to the thermal stability. The observed mechanisms are further confirmed by tracking the evolution of peaks under the in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction with heating. Onset of recovery was observed at 280 °C in both α-Al and β-Al3Y phases, while substantial shrinkage and spheroidization of β-Al3Y phases and decrease in dislocation density were detected at 400 °C causing loss of the alloy strength. Thermodynamic calculation showed that solubility of Y rapidly increases in α-Al at temperatures above 400 °C explaining the spheroidization and shrinkage of the β-Al3Y phases by diffusion of Y into the Al matrix.

To understand and improve the performance and quality of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite-derived precipitation products during the typhoon process, with gauge observations from ground meteorological stations, this study used the successive and optimal interpolation correction methods to correct the GPM precipitation products. The performance of GPM products (Version 6) before and after the correction at different time scales are evaluated with the products during the two landfalls of Typhon"In-Fa". Results show that the original GPM precipitation products fail to describe the strong rainfall center over the high terrain area, which significantly underestimates the precipitation by approximately 45%. This is mainly due to the underestimation of the large values in the northeast region of Zhejiang province. The analysis of precipitation classification inspection suggests that the uncorrected GPM satellite-derived products have good capability for light rain, but poor for other rainfall levels. After the successive and optimal interpolation correction, significant improvement can be found in the cumulative, daily, and hourly rainfall products. The products with successive correction are better, while the product with optimal interpolation slightly overestimates the actual precipitation. The corrected GPM products can not only describe the heavy precipitation center related to the terrain but also reflect heavy rainstorms and heavy precipitation with hourly rainfall intensity greater than 23 mm·h-1.

Digital holography has transformative potential for the measurement of stacked-chip microstructures due to its non-invasive, single-shot, full-field characteristics. However, significant light scattering and diffraction at steep edges in step microstructures cause the batwing effect, leading to measurement errors. Herein, we propose a standard-deviation-based adaptive median filter to eliminate batwing effects in step microstructure measurement using digital holography. The standard deviation determines the positions of the steps and the range of the batwing effect. During filtering, the filter window size varies: it adjusts according to the center’s position within the batwing effect range and reduces outside this range to prevent distortion in other regions. Filtering weights are set to maintain information integrity while using larger filter windows. Experiments on the Standard Resolution Target USAF 1951 and the standard step height target show that our method successfully eliminates batwings while preserving the integrity of the remaining profile.

The Meijiayan landslide in Pengshui County within Chongqing City is a medium-scale soil landslide triggered by the excavation of roadbeds. To delve into the influencing factors and assess the stability of this landslide, it is crucial to meticulously map the subterranean geological framework of the area. Such an analysis lays the groundwork for evaluating and mitigating the risks of future landslide instabilities. In this context, the semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method (SATEM), which is complemented by a receiving system mounted on an aerial platform, stands out as an innovative geophysical exploration technique. This method is adept at conducting swift measurements across complex terrains, making it particularly valuable for areas prone to such geological events. This paper presents the utilization of a cutting-edge loop source SATEM system, which was operationalized via a rotor-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system was employed to conduct shallow geological structure detection experiments on the Meijiayan landslide. The SATEM detection outcomes have unveiled fluctuations in the electrical distribution across the upper strata, which are indicative of the subsurface geological boundaries, faults, and areas potentially rich in water within the landslide region. These discoveries affirm the viability of utilizing loop source SATEM for the identification of shallow geological structures in regions susceptible to landslides. The findings indicate that while the landslide is currently in a stable condition, it poses a significant risk of movement, especially during the rainy season, with the potential for landslides to be exacerbated by extreme or sustained rainfall events.

ObjectivesA retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of personalized interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an interdisciplinary team.MethodsUnder the guidance of an interdisciplinary team, 40 patients with T2DM underwent a systematic examination at the beginning of the intervention, 3 months after the intervention, and 3 months of follow-up at the end of the intervention (i.e., at 6 months). Key indicators such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin level (FINS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI) were measured.ResultsAfter the 3-month intervention, participants’ BMI, FPG, 2hPG, FINS, and HbA1c improved significantly, with statistically significant differences (P

In recent years, millimeter-wave radar has been widely used in safety detection, nondestructive detection of parts, and medical diagnosis because of its strong penetration ability, small size, and high detection accuracy. However, due to the limitation of hardware transmission bandwidth, achieving ultra-high two-dimensional resolution using millimeter-wave radar is challenging. Two-dimensional high-resolution imaging of altitude and azimuth can be realized using radar platform scanning to form a two-dimensional aperture. However, during the scanning process, the millimeter-wave radar produces sparse tracks in the height dimension, resulting in a sparse sampling of the altitude echo, thus reducing the imaging quality. In this paper, a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging algorithm for millimeter-wave radar based on Hankel transformation matrix filling is proposed to solve this problem. The matrix filling algorithm restores the sparse sampling echo, which guarantees the imaging accuracy of the millimeter-wave radar in the scanning plane. First, the low-rank prior characteristics of the millimeter-wave radar's elevation-range section were analyzed. To solve the problem of missing whole rows and columns of data during sparse trajectory sampling, the echo data matrix was reconstructed using the Hankel transform, and the sparse low-rank prior characteristics of the constructed matrix were analyzed. Furthermore, a matrix filling algorithm based on truncated Schatten-p norm combining low-rank and sparse priors was proposed to fill and reconstruct the echoes to ensure the three-dimensional resolution of the sparse trajectory millimeter-wave radar. Finally, using simulation and several sets of measured data, the proposed method was proved to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional imaging even when only 20%–30% of the height echo was used.

Abstract Introduction This study aims to investigate the biomechanical effects of anchorage reinforcement using clear aligners (CAs) with microimplants during molar distalization. And also explores potential clinical strategies for enhancing anchorage in the sequential distalization process. Methods Finite element models were established to simulate the CAs, microimplants, upper dentition, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. In group set I, the 2nd molars underwent a distal movement of 0.25 mm in group set II, the 1st molars were distalized by 0.25 mm after the 2nd molars had been placed to a target position. Each group set consisted of three models: Model A served as the control model, Model B simulated the use of microimplants attached to the aligner through precision cuts, and Model C simulated the use of microimplants attached by buttons. Models B and C were subjected to a series of traction forces. We analyzed the effective contribution ratios of molar distalization, PDL hydrostatic stress, and von Mises stress of alveolar bone. Results The distalization of the 2nd molars accounted for a mere 52.86% of the 0.25-mm step distance without any reinforcement of anchorage. The remaining percentage was attributed to the mesial movement of anchorage teeth and other undesired movements. Models B and C exhibited an increased effective contribution ratio of molar distalization and a decreased loss of anchorage. However, there was a slight increase in the undesired movement of molar tipping and rotation. In group set II, the 2nd molar displayed a phenomenon of mesial relapse due to the reciprocal force produced by the 1st molar distalization. Moreover, the efficacy of molar distalization in terms of contribution ratio was found to be positively correlated with the magnitude of force applied. In cases where stronger anchorage reinforcement is required, precision cuts is the superior method. Conclusions The utilization of microimplants in conjunction with CAs can facilitate the effective contribution ratio of molar distalization. However, it is important to note that complete elimination of anchorage loss is not achievable. To mitigate undesired movement, careful planning of anchorage preparation and overcorrection is recommended.

Anabarilius duoyiheensis is a native and rare fish in Yunnan. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. duoyiheensis was sequenced and published for a total of 16,614 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and one control region. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial genome showed that A. duoyiheensis belongs to the clade of the genus Anabarilius and was sister to the clade of Hemiculter. This study also contributes to the genus phylogeny of Anabarilius and other members of the family Xenocyprididae.

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine because of their self-renewal, pluripotency, and immunomodulatory properties. The microenvironment in which MSCs are located significantly affects their physiological functions. The microenvironment directly or indirectly affects cell behavior through biophysical, biochemical, or other means. Among them, the mechanical signals provided to MSCs by the microenvironment have a particularly pronounced effect on their physiological functions and can affect osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenic differentiation, and senescence in MSCs. Mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1 and Piezo2 are important in transducing mechanical signals, and these channels are widely distributed in sites such as skin, bladder, kidney, lung, sensory neurons, and dorsal root ganglia. Although there have been numerous studies on Piezo channels in MSCs in recent years, the function of Piezo channels in MSCs is still not well understood, and there has been no summary of their relationship to illustrate which physiological functions of MSCs are affected by Piezo channels and the possible underlying mechanisms. Therefore, based on the members, structures, and functions of Piezo ion channels and the fundamental information of MSCs, this paper focused on summarizing the advances in Piezo channels in MSCs from various tissue sources to provide new ideas for future research and practical applications of Piezo channels and MSCs.

Background: Understanding undergraduates’ dietary literacy, including dietary knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), is important for future health promotion policies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of dietary literacy in Chinese college undergraduates and explore whether a nutritional lecture could improve their dietary literacy. Methods: This study included two parts: a cross-sectional study (n = 1026) conducted by a dietary literacy questionnaire, and a randomized controlled trail (RCT) that enrolled 99 college undergraduates who were randomized to a control group or a nutritional lecture group. Data from the questionnaire and 72 h food records were obtained on day 0, day 3 and day 100 before and after intervention. Results: This cross-sectional study showed that the mean scores of dietary KAP were respectively 100.0 (33.3), 59.1 (13.6) and 71.7 (11.7), with an excellent rate of 36.6%, 1.9% and 3.4%. Female upper-grade undergraduates and those with medicine-related majors illustrated higher dietary knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Dietary attitude rather than dietary knowledge had a significant impact on dietary practice (p < 0.001). This finding was in line with the results in the RCT study. Compared with the control group, dietary knowledge was significantly improved in the nutritional lecture group on both day 3 (p = 0.002) and day 100 (p = 0.023) after intervention. However, dietary behavior was improved only on day 3 post nutritional lecture (p = 0.029) but decreased to the original level 100 days later (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study discovered the unsatisfying status and discrepancy between dietary literacy among college undergraduates of different sex, majors and college years. Dietary attitude instead of dietary knowledge was discovered as a determining role in dietary practice. One nutritional lecture could improve undergraduates’ dietary literacy but the effect was not long-lasting. Further studies with more reinforced and durable interventions are warranted.

Exploring the evolution of the production patterns of major crops and their driving factors can provide new ideas to ensure the security of supply of important agricultural products. This study selected four major crop types in Jilin Province—grain, oil crop, vegetable, and fruit—as research subjects. Using the center of gravity migration model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and comparative advantage index, the spatial and temporal evolution of these crops’ production patterns from 2000 to 2020 was examined. A geographically weighted regression model was employed to analyze driving factors. The results showed that the planting area of grain was the most extensive; the percentage of production of grain, oil crop, and fruit increased to different degrees; the unit area yield of the four crops increased. The centers of gravity of all four crops’ productions were located in the central-northwestern region of Jilin Province. The global Moran’s I was positive for all four crops’ productions. The comparative advantage characteristics of the four crops were closely related to the natural geographical environment. Grain, vegetable, and fruit production were significantly and positively correlated with fertilizer application, and the most significant factor affecting oil crop production was land input intensity.

Abstract The increase of lactate is an independent risk factor for patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI). However, whether elevated lactate directly promotes SAKI and its mechanism remain unclear. Here we revealed that downregulation of the deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) mediated the hyperacetylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1), resulting in lactate overproduction in renal tubular epithelial cells. We then found that the incidence of SAKI and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in septic patients with blood lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L was increased significantly, compared with those in septic patients with blood lactate < 2 mmol/L. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that additional lactate administration could directly promote SAKI. Mechanistically, lactate mediated the lactylation of mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) lysine 20 (Fis1 K20la). The increase in Fis1 K20la promoted excessive mitochondrial fission and subsequently induced ATP depletion, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction, and mitochondrial apoptosis. In contrast, PDHA1 activation with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) or SIRT3 overexpression decreased lactate levels and Fis1 K20la, thereby alleviating SAKI. In conclusion, our results show that PDHA1 hyperacetylation and inactivation enhance lactate overproduction, which mediates Fis1 lactylation and exacerbates SAKI. Reducing lactate levels and Fis1 lactylation attenuate SAKI.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate emergency surgery of calcaneal fractures using the sinus tarsi approach (STA) with modified reduction technique in terms of complication rates, iconography results and functional outcome. Methods We evaluated the outcomes of 26 patients treated in an emergency using STA with modified reduction technique. For that, we assessed Böhler´s angle, Gissane angle, reduction of the calcaneal body, and posterior facet, the visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, complications, preoperative time, operative time, and in-hospital time. Results Recovery of calcaneal anatomy and articular surface were found at final follow-up. The mean Böhler´s angle at final follow-up were 30.68° ± 3.69°, of which was 15.02° ± 3.88° preoperatively (p

Abstract It is a great physical challenge to achieve controlled nuclear fusion in magnetic confinement tokamak and solve energy shortage problem for decades. In tokamak plasma, large-scale plasma instability called disruption will halt power production of reactor and damage key components. Prediction and prevention of plasma disruption is extremely urgent and important. However, there is no analytical theory can elucidate plasma disruption physical mechanism yet. Here we show an analytical theory of tokamak plasma disruption based on nonextensive geodesic acoustic mode theory, which can give the physical mechanism of disruption. The proposed theory has not only been confirmed by experimental data of disruption on T-10 device, but also can explain many related phenomena around plasma disruption, filling the gap in physical mechanism of tokamak plasma disruption.

Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications.

The scientific field concerned with the study of regeneration has developed rapidly in recent years. Stem cell therapy is a highly promising therapeutic modality for repairing tissue defects; however, several limitations exist, such as cytotoxicity, potential immune rejection, and ethical issues. Exosomes secreted by stem cells are cell-specific secreted vesicles that play a regulatory role in many biological functions in the human body; they not only have a series of functional roles of stem cells and exert the expected therapeutic effects, but they can also overcome the mass limitations of stem cells and are thus considered in the research as an alternative treatment strategy for stem cells. Since dental stem cell-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are easy to acquire and present modulating effects in several fields, including neurovascular regeneration and craniofacial soft and hard tissue regeneration processes, they are served as an emerging cell-free therapeutic strategy in various systematic diseases. There is a growing body of research on various types of DSC-Exos; however, they lack systematic elaboration and tabular summarization. Therefore, this review presents the isolation, characterization, and phenotypes of DSC-Exos and focuses on their current status of functions and mechanisms, as well as the multiple challenges prior to clinical applications.

Background and aims: Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide with less ideal approved agents in clinic. Activating the HSF1/PGC-1α axis in adipose tissues has been reported to induce thermogenesis in mice, which presents a promising therapeutic avenue for obesity treatment. The present study aimed to identified novel natural HSF1 activator and evaluated the therapeutic effects of the newly discovered compound on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and the molecular mechanisms of these effects.Methods: Our previous reported HSF1/PGC-1α activator screening system was used to identify novel natural HSF1 activator. The PGC-1α luciferase activity, immunoblot, protein nuclear-translocation, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the activity of compound HN-001 in activating HSF1. The experiments of mitochondrial number measurement, TG assay and imaging, cellular metabolic assay, gene assays, and CRISPR/Cas 9 were applied for investigating the metabolic effect of HN-001 in C3H10-T1/2 adipocytes. The in vivo anti-obesity efficacies and beneficial metabolic effects of HN-001 were evaluated by performing body and fat mass quantification, plasma chemical analysis, GTT, ITT, cold tolerance test, thermogenesis analysis.Results: HN-001 dose- and time-dependently activated HSF1 and induced HSF1 nuclear translocation, resulting in an enhancement in binding with the gene Pgc-1α. This improvement induced activation of adipose thermogenesis and enhancement of mitochondrial oxidation capacity, thus inhibiting adipocyte maturation. Deletion of HSF1 in adipocytes impaired mitochondrial oxidation and abolished the above beneficial metabolic effects of HN-001, including adipocyte browning induction, improvements in mitogenesis and oxidation capacity, and lipid-lowering ability. In mice, HN-001 treatment efficiently alleviated diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. These changes were associated with increased body temperature in mice and activation of the HSF1/PGC-1α axis in adipose tissues. UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis were increased in both white and brown adipose tissues of HN-001-treated mice.Conclusion: These data indicate that HN-001 may have therapeutic potential for obesity-related metabolic diseases by increasing the capacity of energy expenditure in adipose tissues through a mechanism involving the HSF1/PGC-1α axis, which shed new light on the development of novel anti-obesity agents derived from marine sources.

Faculty members' research performance holds great significance for the development of a university. The primary objective of this study is to examine the influences of researchers' personalities on their research performance within universities, as well as the mediating role of research engagement in this relationship. The study encompassed 189 faculty members from a university and employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, measurement, and structural equation modeling as the analytical procedures. The results obtained from structural equation modeling reveal significant effects of faculty members' personalities on their objective research performance rather than self-reported performance. Specifically, conscientiousness and openness to experience exhibit a positive correlation with research performance. On the contrary, the neuroticism and social attributes of personality (the integration of extraversion and agreeableness) exhibit a negative correlation with research performance. Furthermore, research engagement mediates the effects of openness to experience and neuroticism on research performance. This study carries significant implications for the training and recruitment selection of faculty members in universities and enhances our understanding of how different personalities lead to a variance in research engagement and performance.

The activation of anti-tumor immunity is critical in treating cancers. Recent studies indicate that several chemotherapy agents can stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and durably eradicate tumors. This suggests that immunogenic chemotherapy holds great potential for improving response rates. However, chemotherapy in practice has only had limited success in inducing long-term survival or cure of cancers when used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We think that this is because the importance of dose, schedule, and tumor model dependence of chemotherapy-activated anti-tumor immunity is under-appreciated. Here, we review immune modulation function of representative chemotherapy agents and propose a model of immunogenic chemotherapy-induced long-lasting responses that rely on synergetic interaction between killing tumor cells and inducing anti-tumor immunity. We comb through several chemotherapy treatment schedules, and identify the needs for chemotherapy dose and schedule optimization and combination therapy with immunotherapy when chemotherapy dosage or immune responsiveness is too low. We further review tumor cell intrinsic factors that affect the optimal chemotherapy dose and schedule. Lastly, we review the biomarkers indicating responsiveness to chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy treatments. A deep understanding of how chemotherapy activates anti-tumor immunity and how to monitor its responsiveness can lead to the development of more effective chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatment.

ABSTRACTSepsis is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with high mortality rates. Growing evidence suggests that noncoding RNAs are vitally involved in kidney illnesses, whereas the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in sepsis-induced AKI (SAKI) remains largely unknown. In this present study, caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice was performed to establish an SAKI model. The expression of circRNAs and mRNAs was analysed using circRNA microarray or next-generation sequencing. The results revealed that the expressions of 197 circRNAs and 2509 mRNAs were dysregulated. Validation of the selected circRNAs was performed by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NF-κB/p65 signalling induced the upregulation of circC3, circZbtb16, and circFkbp5 and their linear counterparts by p65 transcription in mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs). Furthermore, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks demonstrated that some components of NF-κB signalling were potential targets of these dysregulated circRNAs. Among them, Tnf-α was increased by circFkbp5 through the downregulation of miR-760-3p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mTECs. Knocking down circFkbp5 inhibited the p65 phosphorylation and apoptosis in injured mTECs. These findings suggest that the selected circRNAs and the related ceRNA networks provide new knowledge into the fundamental mechanism of SAKI and circFkbp5/miR-760-3p/Tnf-α axis might be therapeutic targets.

Bi/multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) using spaceborne illuminator utilizes spaceborne platforms as transmitters and satellites, near-space vehicles, aircraft, and ground platforms as receivers, which allows high-resolution imaging of ground and marine scenes and targets. The system’s benefits include a broad imaging field of view, high concealment, and potent antijamming abilities. By using beam steering methods, a variety of imaging modes can be achieved, such as staring spotlight and sliding spotlight modes, which obtain abundant information about the imaging scene and offer broad application prospects both in civil and military fields. Thus far, the bi/multistatic SAR using spaceborne illuminator has been intensively investigated, and several research findings have been reported. This paper examines the technology from the aspects of system components, configuration design, echo model, imaging techniques, bistatic synchronization, and experimental verification and systematically reviews the state-of-the-art research progress. Finally, it is anticipated that spaceborne illuminator technology will be used to develop bi/multistatic SAR in the future.

Although the stability regions of wind turbines in the islanding mode have been widely researched, small-signal modeling of grid-forming wind turbines (GFWTs) in the islanding mode has yet to be explored. In addition, the state-space matrix of the wind turbine system has yet to be fully represented. Therefore, this paper proposes a small-signal modeling of GFWT and a method for identifying the stabilization region of a system with variable parameters. First, small-signal modeling of a GFWT based on virtual synchronous generator control is developed. Second, the bialternate sum matrix approach is used to determine the system stabilization region. The system matrix with multiple variable parameters is first decomposed into the sum of several matrices in this paper. Furthermore, the rotor-side generator control is simplified. It can reduce the dimensionality of the system matrix model. Finally, the simulation shows that the proposed method for determining the stabilization region of the variable system is accurate.

In order to explore the effect of fertilization patterns on the growth of rapeseed seedlings under waterlogging stress, three fertilization patterns (conventional fertilization, supplemental organic fertilization, and supplemental microbial fertilization) were set up using the variety Xiangyou 708 as the material, and waterlogging treatment was carried out during the seedling stage of rapeseed. The effects of fertilization patterns on the growth of rapeseed seedlings and rhizosphere microorganisms under waterlogging stress were investigated. The results showed that all three fertilization patterns exhibited that waterlogging stress inhibited the growth of rapeseed seedlings, inhibited root activity, and changed the structure of rhizosphere bacterial community structure. However, supplemental organic and microbial fertilization better promoted the growth of rapeseed seedlings, reduced the impact of waterlogging stress on the growth of rapeseed seedlings, and accelerated the recovery of rapeseed seedlings after waterlogging stress. Under normal water supply, supplemental organic fertilization enriched P_Bacteroidota, P_Actinobacteriota, P_Chloroflexi, and G_Flavisolibacter in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed, while supplemental microbial fertilization enriched P_Bacteroidota and G_Flavisolibacter in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed. After 7 days of waterlogging treatment, supplemental organic fertilization enriched P_Verrucomicrobiota in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed, while supplemental microbial fertilization enriched P_Actinobacteriota, G_SC-I-84, and G_Ellin6067 in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed. The enrichment of these bacteria may be related to the growth promotion and waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed. This study provides evidence that microbial and organic fertilizer can promote the growth of rapeseed and enhance its waterlogging tolerance, as well as evidence that some rhizosphere microorganisms have a potential role in promoting the growth and waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed.