47 results on '"J. Losos"'
Search Results
2. Rapport d'étape - Historique des débuts de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada et rôle majeur du Laboratoire de lutte contre la maladie (LLCM) de 1972 à 2000
- Author
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B. C. K. Choi, D. T. Wigle, H. Johansen, J. Losos, M. E. Fair, E. Napke, L. J. Anderson, J. W. Davies, K. White, A. B. Miller, F. C. K. Li, S. Stachenko, J. Lindsay, L. A. Gaudette, C. Nair, I. Levy, H. Morrison, J. Silins, F. Bouchard, L. Tonmyr, P. J. Villeneuve, L. McRae, K. C. Johnson, R. S. D. Lane, and A. Probert
- Subjects
"null" ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
"null"
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Rapport d'étape - Historique des débuts de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada et rôle majeur du Laboratoire de lutte contre la maladie (LLCM) de 1972 à 2000
- Author
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J. Losos, Donald T. Wigle, F. C. K. Li, B. C. K. Choi, L. McRae, I. Levy, P. J. Villeneuve, L. J. Anderson, L. A. Gaudette, L. Tonmyr, M. E. Fair, A. B. Miller, K. C. Johnson, E. Napke, J. W. Davies, S. Stachenko, Joan Lindsay, A. Probert, F. Bouchard, H. Johansen, C. Nair, Howard I. Morrison, K. White, R. S. D. Lane, and J. Silins
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,"null" ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
La surveillance de la santé consiste en l’utilisation systématique et continue de données sur la santé recueillies régulièrement en vue d’orienter les mesures de santé publique en temps opportun. Ce document décrit la création et l’essor des systèmes nationaux de surveillance au Canada et les répercussions de ces systèmes sur la prévention des maladies chroniques et des blessures. En 2008, les auteurs ont commencé à retracer l’historique des débuts de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada, en commençant à 1960, et ils ont poursuivi leur examen jusqu’en 2000. Une publication de 1967 a retracé l’historique de la création du Laboratoire d’hygiène de 1921 à 1967. Notre étude fait suite à cette publication et décrit l’historique de l’établissement de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada, à la fois avant et après la création du Laboratoire de lutte contre la maladie (LCDC).
- Published
- 2015
4. Status Report--Retracing the history of the early development of national chronic disease surveillance in Canada and the major role of the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (LCDC) from 1972 to 2000
- Author
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C. Nair, L. Tonmyr, E. Napke, A. Probert, I. Levy, J. Silins, Joan Lindsay, F. Bouchard, L. McRae, Donald T. Wigle, Kenneth C. Johnson, R. S. D. Lane, S. Stachenko, H. Johansen, Howard Morrison, Bernard C K Choi, Anthony B. Miller, K. White, Paul J. Villeneuve, J. Losos, F. C. K. Li, L. J. Anderson, J. W. Davies, L. A. Gaudette, and M. E. Fair
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Canada ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,History, 21st Century ,Health data ,Government Agencies ,Hygiene ,"null" ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,History, 19th Century ,History, 20th Century ,Status report ,Disease control ,Chronic disease ,Family medicine ,Population Surveillance ,Chronic Disease ,Status Report ,Public Health ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Rapport d’étape - Historique des débuts de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada et rôle majeur du Laboratoire de lutte contre la maladie (LLCM) de 1972 à 2000.La surveillance de la santé consiste en l’utilisation systématique et continue de données sur la santé recueillies régulièrement en vue d’orienter les mesures de santé publique en temps opportun. Ce document décrit la création et l’essor des systèmes nationaux de surveillance au Canada et les répercussions de ces systèmes sur la prévention des maladies chroniques et des blessures. En 2008, les auteurs ont commencé à retracer l’historique des débuts de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada, en commençant à 1960, et ils ont poursuivi leur examen jusqu’en 2000. Une publication de 1967 a retracé l’historique de la création du Laboratoire d’hygiène de 1921 à 1967. Notre étude fait suite à cette publication et décrit l’historique de l’établissement de la surveillance nationale des maladies chroniques au Canada, à la fois avant et après la création du Laboratoire de lutte contre la maladie (LCDC).
- Published
- 2015
5. Quantitative Techniques in Neuropathology
- Author
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Ian McMillan, George J. Losos, Brian R. Broxup, and George Yipchuck
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Statistics as Topic ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,02 engineering and technology ,Cell Biology ,Neuropathology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Toxicology ,Tissue Preparation ,Rats ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nerve Fibers ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,Sural Nerve ,Pathology ,Animals ,Biochemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Molecular Biology ,Computer technology - Abstract
In the future, quantitative techniques will probably be used in industry as part of Tier II studies for the evaluation of chemicals and drugs for their neurotoxic potential. Movement towards quantifying some structures or neuropathological changes will be made possible by advances in tissue preparation and computer technology. Emphasis will need to be placed on standardized techniques, good quality samples and sampling techniques in order to produce good quantitative data in a reasonable time. In this paper, different sampling techniques are evaluated using a cross section of rat sural nerve as the tissue for quantitative investigation.
- Published
- 1990
6. Experimental methods for immunization and challenge in antigenicity studies in guinea pigs
- Author
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Kazuyuki Nagami, Kohji Motegi, George J. Losos, Keiko Aoyagi, Fumihiko Ikemoto, Keiji Samura, Hiroyoshi Matsumoto, Eiji Maki, and Shinji Naruse
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Male ,Antigenicity ,biology ,business.industry ,Guinea Pigs ,Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ,Serum albumin ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,Guinea pig ,Titer ,Immunization ,Oral administration ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Cephaloridine ,medicine ,Animals ,Bovine serum albumin ,business ,Anaphylaxis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Optimal experimental methods for antigenicity studies in guinea pigs were investigated on : (1) the effects of different immunizing methods using complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants (CFA or IFA), and various injection sites, the number of immunizations, the immunizing doses, and the immunizing periods, (2) the relationship between the severity of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) reactions and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) titers, (3) positive control for oral administration, and (4) the effects of incubation mixture of drug and serum protein as the challenge for the ASA assay. The following results provided useful information for designing more appropriate methods for antigenicity studies : (1) The optimal immunization method for benzylpeni-cillin (PcG), cephaloridine, 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and adriamycin, which were selected as positive controls for low molecular medicines in this experiment, involved subcutaneous administration of 1 ml of a test substance in CFA (1st immunization) or IFA (2nd and 3rd immunizations) at two doses, 1 and 10 mg/animal, 3 times at 2-week intervals on the back of a guinea pig. Blood collection for PCA assay was needed 2 weeks after the last immunization, and ASA assay, 1 or 2 days after the blood collection. (2) The insensitivity of ASA reactions in bovine serum albuminimmunized animals with very high PCA titers was overcome by increasing the challenge antigen dose from 1 to 10 mg/animal. (3) Most animals administered lysozyme at 0.1, 1 or l0 mg/animal by gavage for 2 weeks or more showed ASA and PCA reactions. (4) Incubation of a mixture of 20 mg/ml of PcG and 2 mg/ml of guinea pig serum albumin for 4 hr was the most effective as challenge for the induction of ASA reaction in PcG-immunized guinea pigs.
- Published
- 1995
7. Comparison of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Lesions Caused by High-Dose Short-Term and Low-Dose Subchronic Acrylamide Treatment in Rats
- Author
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George J. Losos and Donald J. O'Shaughnessy
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Central Nervous System ,Male ,Nervous system ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Optic tract ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Biology ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,0403 veterinary science ,Lesion ,Purkinje Cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Peripheral Nerves ,Axon ,Molecular Biology ,Medulla ,Acrylamide ,Acrylamides ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Spinal cord ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Sensory Ganglion ,Peripheral nervous system ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
The effects of high-dose subacute acrylamide treatment of up to 50 mg/kg/day for 4 or 10 d were compared to those of subchronic exposure, up to 12 mg/kg/day for 90 d. In the subacute study, Purkinje cells, long ascending tracts of the spinal cord, optic tract terminal or preterminal regions in superior colliculus, sensory ganglion cells, and distal large-caliber peripheral axons were severely affected. Purkinje cells and fasciculus gracilis changes were the earliest lesions. In the subchronic study, the dominant lesion was confined to the distal peripheral axon, with only minor changes occurring in spinal cord and medulla. Paranodal swellings with the characteristic appearance of neurofilament aggregations were not seen. This morphological study suggests a significant difference between high- and low-dose acrylamide-induced lesions. If there is a reduced tendency for long-term low-dose acrylamide exposure to produce CNS lesions, the risk of irreversible nervous system damage would be less than that predicted from subacute studies.
- Published
- 1986
8. Review of Pathology of Diseases in Domestic and Laboratory Animals Caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense
- Author
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G. J. Losos and B. O. Ikede
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,040301 veterinary sciences ,030231 tropical medicine ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunology ,medicine ,Trypanosoma ,Trypanosomiasis - Published
- 1972
9. Pathological Changes in Cattle Infected with Trypanosoma brucei
- Author
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B. O. Ikede and G. J. Losos
- Subjects
Male ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,030231 tropical medicine ,Central nervous system ,Biology ,Trypanosoma brucei ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Parasite hosting ,Pathological ,Skin ,General Veterinary ,Muscles ,Myocardium ,Trypanosomiasis, Bovine ,Brain ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Blood ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cattle ,Female ,Subcutaneous tissue - Abstract
In cattle infected experimentally with Trypanosoma brucei the trypanosomes localized extravascularly in the connective tissues and produced inflammatory reactions in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, heart, central nervous system, and eye. These observations indicate that, as in other domestic and laboratory animals, T. brucei is a parasite of connective tissues in cattle.
- Published
- 1972
10. Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2009
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
financial analysis ,profit/loss ,labour productivity ,subsidies ,lfa ,non lfa ,Agriculture - Abstract
Every year, an analysis of economic results of a sample of agricultural enterprises farming in various production and climatic conditions in the territory of the Czech Republic is carried out by applying economic statistical methods. Based on these results, long-term trends of economic results and their influencing factors are defined. This article is based on the analysis of development of economic indicators of a sample of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic in the period 2003-2009, divided according to the proportion of the LFA. The year 2009 brought, in comparison with the previous years, a strong deterioration in economic results. In 2009, the economic result was the worst during the whole monitored period. The decrease in the average number of workers together with the increase in labour productivity manifests a long-term tendency. Agricultural subsidies tend also to grow in the long-term even though their growth has been slowing down.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Quantitative immunocytochemistry by digital image analysis: application to toxicologic pathology
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George J. Losos, Gary M. Levine, Pauline Brousseau, and Donald J. O'Shaughnessy
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunocytochemistry ,Image processing ,Optical density ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Microscopy ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Quantitative immunocytochemistry ,Pathology, Clinical ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Primary and secondary antibodies ,Immunohistochemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Tissue sections ,Digital image analysis ,biology.protein - Abstract
Recent advances in immunocytochemical techniques allow the localization of specific antigens in tissue sections. The work reported here attempts to evaluate the application of antibody-labeled, disease-related protein, followed by microscopy and computerized image analysis. Using an experimental anti-tumor, polyclonal antibody (anti-oncomodulin) as a model, various tissues were prepared for light microscope immunocytochemistry. Sections were incubated with primary antibody, then biotinylated secondary antibody. This was followed by incubation with avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC method). Marker was visualized by the presence of precipitated diaminobenzidine. Samples were evaluated using a Zeiss/Kontron IBAS I & II semi-automatic digital image analysis system. Statistical analyses were performed on output data. Results demonstrated the localization and determined optical density of immunolabel. Statistical comparisons showed significant differences between control and experimental sections. The practical application of these combined techniques provides the toxicologic pathologist with a powerful tool for accurate and objective determination of the location and relative amount of selected proteins in normal and abnormal tissues.
- Published
- 1987
12. Peripheral and central nervous system lesions caused by triethyl- and trimethyltin salts in rats
- Author
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Donald J. O'Shaughnessy and George J. Losos
- Subjects
Central Nervous System ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Necrosis ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Central nervous system ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Myelin ,0302 clinical medicine ,Edema ,Medicine ,Animals ,Peripheral Nerves ,Tibial nerve ,Molecular Biology ,Myelin Sheath ,Trimethyltin Compounds ,business.industry ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Spinal cord ,Axons ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Peripheral nervous system ,Chromatolysis ,medicine.symptom ,Trialkyltin Compounds ,Triethyltin Compounds ,business ,Wallerian Degeneration - Abstract
Both trimethyltin and triethyltin salts are known to produce toxic lesions in the central nervous system. Triethyltin intoxication has been associated with central intramyelin edema, while trimethyltin has been shown to produce neuronal necrosis in selected limbic and sensory regions of the brain. Only scant attention has been paid to peripheral nerves of animals treated with alkyltins. In this study, we have treated rats with 6 or 8 mg/kg trimethyltin, and 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 mg/kg triethyltin (single or multiple exposure), and evaluated in detail at the light microscope level both central and peripheral nervous system lesions. In addition to the central neuron necrosis or myelin edema described previously, both compounds produced peripheral axon degeneration and chromatolysis of large spinal cord and brain stem neurons. Chromatolysis was seen in reticular neurons of the brain stem and ventral horn or spinal cord in rats receiving high doses (6 or 8 mg/kg) of triethyltin, and in these same areas plus mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in animals treated with trimethyltin. Wallerian-like degeneration of peripheral axons was seen in sciatic and tibial nerve and ventral roots of animals receiving 3 injections of 4 mg/kg or single or multiple injections of 6 or 8 mg/kg triethyltin. Axon degeneration was also seen in sciatic and tibial nerves 21 days after a single exposure to 8 mg/kg trimethyltin. Since myelin edema is believed to be reversible, the axonal changes described here may be of greater clinical significance in relation to human exposure.
- Published
- 1986
13. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Canada: the first 5 years of surveillance
- Author
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J, Losos, G, Wells, K, Elmslie, G, Verveniotis, and A J, Clayton
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Canada ,Adolescent ,Infant, Newborn ,Middle Aged ,Disease Outbreaks ,Risk Factors ,Population Surveillance ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Research Article - Abstract
In the first 5 years of surveillance of reports of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Canada, from February 1982, the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, was notified of 1133 cases reported through provincial ministries of health that met the case definition developed by the US Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Most cases (82.2%) were reported from the homosexual/bisexual risk group. Other risk groups were less frequently represented, in contrast to the experience in the United States, where a higher proportion of cases in drug abusers has been observed, and in Africa, where heterosexual spread is far more common. The presenting clinical picture and length of survival after diagnosis were similar to those reported for other countries. Differences between projected estimates of the number of AIDS cases obtained with polynomial and logistic growth models emphasize the need for solid epidemiologic data on the number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus, the rates of transmission and the rates of progression to disease.
- Published
- 1988
14. Surgical pathology accessioning and management on a multiuser hard disk microcomputer system
- Author
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T S, Talamo and F J, Losos
- Subjects
Microcomputers ,Computers ,Pathology, Surgical ,Humans ,Medical Records ,Software ,Information Systems - Abstract
We have developed an inexpensive, microcomputer-based, multiuser hard disk system for surgical pathology that uses a commercially available word processor and data base manager, linked together by several BASIC programs written by us. System functions include keyboard input of patient demographic data and specimen information, word processing with the generation of preliminary and final surgical reports, on-line access to the surgical pathology data base, generation of daily secretarial and histology log sheets, and computer-assisted SNOMED coding. Successful implementation of this system has produced greater efficiency and productivity in the surgical pathology department at a reasonable cost.
- Published
- 1985
15. Estimated economic burden of nosocomial infection
- Author
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J, Losos and M, Trotman
- Subjects
Adult ,Canada ,Cross Infection ,Adolescent ,Child, Preschool ,Infant, Newborn ,Humans ,Infant ,Child ,Hospitals - Published
- 1984
16. Historical, environmental and socio-economic driving forces on land ownership fragmentation, the land consolidation effect and project costs
- Author
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P. Sklenicka, J. Hladík, F. Střeleček, B. Kottová, J. Lososová, L. Číhal, and M. Šálek
- Subjects
land consolidation ,rural development ,fragmentation ,land reform ,land use planning ,land market ,Agriculture - Abstract
Land consolidation (LC) is an effective program for land ownership defragmentation. The main objectives of this study are: (i) to analyse the characteristics of 487 study areas before and after implementation of the LC; (ii) to evaluate these study areas according to the influence of historical, environmental and socio-economic driving forces on the pre-LC ownership pattern, on the consolidation effect and on the financial costs of the LC projects. In average, the plot size has been increased twofold and the plot shape has also achieved an evidently positive change, but the average owner still has a holding of 2.72 ha divided into more than three plots after the LC. Historical factors were found to be the key driving forces for the pre-LC fragmentation, while socio-economic drivers play the major role for the LC effect and in the formation of the LC project costs. In contrast, the effect of natural factors is considered to be the least significant of all.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Comparison of agricultural subsidies in the Czech Republic and in the selected states of the European Union
- Author
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F. Střeleček, R. Zdeněk, and J. Lososová
- Subjects
subsidies ,costs ,shift-share analysis ,type of farming ,Agriculture - Abstract
The Common Agricultural Policy has been implemented in order to guarantee the appropriate life quality for farmers and to preserve the European heritage. Costs of its realization amounted to 40% of the EU budget. The EU has not established the same conditions for all member states. The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of agricultural subsidies and the structure of production on the incomes of agricultural holdings and their comparison with the largest producers in the EU with similar production structure. The shift-share analysis is used. Different amount of subsidies according to the type of farming together with increasing subsidy rate may influence the type of farming. Therefore, it may cause a paradox that the structure of subsidies according to the type of farming will stimulate products that are currently suppressed. The difference in subsidies in comparison with the largest producers with a similar structure of agricultural production is significant for the Czech Republic and it is possible to compare it to the increase of the SAPS by 75%.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Comparison of subsidies in the Visegrad Group after the EU accession
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
subsidies ,profit/loss ,labour productivity ,Agriculture - Abstract
States of the Visegrad Four have always been the area historically connected together by common roots, tradition, culture relations and similar economic development. Economies of the Visegrad Group have reached a comparable level of development. The aim of the paper is to compare the V4 states with regard to the conditions for agricultural production and to assess the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy to the economy of agricultural holdings in the V4 states according to the FADN results.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Economic results of agricultural holdings in less favoured areas
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
lfa (less favoured areas) ,the profit/loss ,subsidies ,Agriculture - Abstract
The profit/loss of agricultural holdings in the LFA is decreased due to worse conditions of climate and production. This disadvantage should be compensated by the "compensatory payments" in the LFA that should support the continuous using of agricultural land and preserving the rural region. The prepared delimitation of the LFA should be created according to the analyses of the possible impacts and the proper evaluation of the current state as its impacts will significantly influence the competitiveness of agricultural holdings. This paper summarises the results of the economic indicators analysis of agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic in the LFA and out of the LFA and the influence of subsidies on the profit/loss.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Pathology of the disease in sheep produced experimentally by Trypanosoma brucei
- Author
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G. J. Losos and B. O. Ikede
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,Sheep Diseases ,Trypanosoma brucei ,Lymphoid hyperplasia ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trypanosomiasis ,030225 pediatrics ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Urinary bladder ,Hyperplasia ,Sheep ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Muscles ,Myocardium ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Serous fluid ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood ,Immunology ,Injections, Intravenous ,Female ,Lymph ,Lymph Nodes ,medicine.symptom ,Emaciation - Abstract
Sheep inoculated intravenously with Trypuiiosom bviicei had fever, irregular parasitaeniia, moderate anaemia, subcutaneous oedenia, dullness, anorexia, and nervous signs followed by death in 29-69 days. Emaciation, serous effusions into body cavities and generalised enlargement and oedenia of lymph nodes were seen at necropsy. Micro- scopically there was extensive localisation of trypanosonies in the extravascular body fluids, and in interstitial connective tissues, resulting in mononuclear inflammatory reactions in the heart, skeletal muscle, skin, brain, pituitary, eye, serosal surfaces, urinary bladder, epididyniis and testis, and in generalised lymphoid hyperplasia. These observa- tions in sheep are comparable to those made in other animals infected with trypanosornes of the brucei group. Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, and T. vivax cause the most econom- ically important forms of animal trypanosomiases in Africa. There is rela- tively little information on the pathogenesis and pathology of the diseases produced by these species in domestic animals (l 11. Infections and diseases causcd in sheep by T. brzxei occur naturally (2, 131, but there is little informa- tion on either the prevalence or the pathology. Sheep, however, have been used extensively in the past in investigations of the virulence of various human and animal isolates of trypaiiosonies in the brucei subgroup. Many of these isolates were associated with severe diseases characterized by ema- ciation, subcutaneous oedema, enlargement of lymph nodes, and corneal opacity (I, 3, 71. The present report is based on studies in sheep experimentally infected with T. brzrcei. This was part of a major investigation of the pathology of the diseases caused in ruminants by T. brucei, T. vivax, and T. congolense.
- Published
- 1972
21. Pathology of experimental trypanosomiasis in the albino rat, rabbit, goat and sheep--A preliminary report
- Author
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G J, Losos and B O, Ikede
- Subjects
Sheep ,Trypanosomiasis ,Goats ,Myocardium ,Pituitary Gland ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Blood Vessels ,Rabbits ,Articles ,Nose ,Animal Diseases ,Rats - Abstract
In rats, rabbits, sheep, and goats experimentally infected with several strains of Trypanosoma brucei, the trypanosomes were observed to localise extravascularly in connective tissues. Focal inflammatory reactions were associated with the localisation of the parasites. Trypanosoma congolense in the same species of animals and T. vivax in sheep and goats, were not observed to localise outside blood vessels. On the basis of these observations it appears that the pathogenesis of the disease caused by T. brucei differs from that caused by T. congolense and T. vivax.
- Published
- 1970
22. An Outbreak of Meningitis in Swine Caused by Haemophilus Species of Bacterium
- Author
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O M, Radostits, H L, Ruhnke, and G J, Losos
- Subjects
Articles - Published
- 1963
23. Diseases of zoo animals in Nigeria
- Author
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G. J. Losos, T. T. Isoun, and B. O. Ikede
- Subjects
Primates ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carnivora ,Physiology ,Nigeria ,Biology ,Animal Diseases ,Rodent Diseases ,Echinococcosis ,Trypanosomiasis ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Animals ,Pericarditis ,Diagnostic laboratory ,Encephalomyelitis ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Artiodactyla ,Plant Poisoning ,Ecology ,Bird Diseases ,Public health ,Monkey Diseases ,Herpesviridae Infections ,Muscular Dystrophy, Animal ,medicine.disease ,Encephalitis ,Rabies ,Animals, Zoo ,Papio - Abstract
In a 4 year period, 77 zoo animals were brought to our diagnostic laboratory. Twenty-six of the 77 animals had diagnostic lesions. Of the diseases of primates, Herpes simplex encephalitis, pyrrolidine alkaloid poisoning and osteodystrophia fibrosa were prominent. Hydatidcsis, trypanosomiasis and myopathies were significant diseases in wild ruminants. Rabies was diagnosed in a lynx. The significance of these diseases to public health and epidemiology, is discussed.
- Published
- 1972
24. Influence of farm milk prices in the EU 25 on profitability and production volume indicator
- Author
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F. Střeleček, R. Zdeněk, and J. Lososová
- Subjects
milk production ,milk price ,fadn ,costs ,labour productivity ,Agriculture - Abstract
The paper analyses the development of milk prices and effectiveness and economy of holdings included in the particular production category of "411 Milk" and their relations. The influence of prices on profitability, elasticity of production, labour productivity dynamics, effectiveness of long-term assets and resulting cost changes are discussed in particular. Milk profitability was not significantly influenced by different prices in the individual states. The variation of prices in time was more important. The production is supposed to grow with delay. Milk yield (per cow and year) and number of cows per worker are the main determinants of labour productivity growth in the in-kind expression. The influence of prices on labour productivity in monetary expression among individual states is not as important as was supposed.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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25. Economic results of Agricultural Enterprises in 2005
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
production areas ,marginal areas ,earnings ,profit rate ,labour productivity ,Agriculture - Abstract
Using a file of economic indicators of a sample of selected agricultural enterprises, their economic results have been evaluated according to their production and climatic conditions, production orientation and the system of management since 1996. The long-term tendencies of economic results and the influencing factors shall be defined according to this analysis. The authors aim to assess the influence of external conditions on management of agricultural enterprises and how the economic result can be influenced. Next, the authors aim to analyse the influence of the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. In 2005 the agricultural enterprises suffered a decrease in their profit compared with 2004, followed by a decrease of the profit rate. The decrease in the number of labour force and at the same time the increase of labour productivity shows a long-term tendency. Subsidies in agriculture have also been increasing in the long-term perspective. There was the first significant increase in 2004. Subsidies are one of the most important factors influencing the economics of agricultural enterprises and the dependence of their earnings on subsidies is increasing.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Comparison of the simplified system of direct payments with the system applied by the EU-15
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
standard direct payments ,simplified payments ,saps ,top-up ,Agriculture - Abstract
The simplified system of direct payments in 2005 is being compared in this contribution with the standard direct payments (a system applied in the EU-15) and with the system applied in 2004. Production and economic indicators exploited in this analysis were provided by the agricultural enterprises for the period 2003-2005. For the selected file of enterprises there were calculated the claims for subsidies according to various systems of direct payments administration and the volume of direct payments was recounted per ha of agricultural land. The enterprises were divided according to the LFA proportion in the total area of farmed land. The analysis was realized due to the means and in the frame of the project NAZV QG 60042.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Results of agricultural enterprises economy in 2004
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
production areas ,marginal areas ,economic result ,revenue rate ,labor productivity ,financial health of enterprise ,Agriculture - Abstract
The study has been elaborated on the basis of a continuous analysis of economic results of a selected sample of agricultural enterprises operating in different climatic and productional conditions. Long-term tendencies and their influencing factors are defined on the basis of this analysis. The goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of external conditions on the economy of agricultural enterprises and on their economic results and to analyze the influence of the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU on the change of economic conditions of agricultural enterprises. On the basis of this study, the authors measures which would intensify the influence of agricultural enterprising on the rural development and which would improve the quality of life of rural inhabitants.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Regional classification of the Czech Republic, based on the production orientation of agricultural enterprises
- Author
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F. Střeleček and J. Lososová
- Subjects
land use ,production orientation ,regional classification ,revenues of crop production ,agricultural animal's density ,Agriculture - Abstract
ThearticledescribesthelayoutofplantproductionandlivestockdensityintheCzechRepublicin2003 according to a sample survey of the Czech Statistical Office.Theproductionorientationof agriculturalenterprisesis definedas a small amount of market products that represent the predominant part of revenues. Grain crops, pork meat, milk and non-food crops represent the production orientation of Czech agriculture. Thesecommoditiesrepresentmorethan70%oftotal agricultural production in the Czech Republic. In this article, the authors have attempted to definearegionalclassification according to production orientation of agricultural enterprises and intensity of agricultural production.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2003
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and R. Zdeněk
- Subjects
production areas ,marginal areas ,pre-tax economic result ,efficiency of funds ,labour productivity ,agricultural production intensity ,Agriculture - Abstract
The study was elaborated on the basis of the results of economic development monitored in selected agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic. The enterprises included in this sample were classified - according to their external economic conditions - either as production or marginal, and divided into particular groups according to their elevation. In this sample, the authors observed various economic indicators, mainly the pre-tax economic result. This indicator is interrelated with other factors such as the required profit rate, economic result structure and the influence of subsidies on the economic result. The other observed indicators are revenue structure, productivity of labour, efficiency of funds and agricultural production intensity. All these indicators are compared both temporally (with regard to the development in recent years) and spatially (comparison of production and marginal areas). The conclusion includes overall evaluation of recent development.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Economic impact of several variants of additional direct payments for the years 2005 and 2006 on Czech agriculture
- Author
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F. Střeleček and J. Lososová
- Subjects
standard direct payments ,single area payment ,sector differentiation ,reform of common agricultural policy ,Agriculture - Abstract
This paper follows previous papers published by the authors. All the papers are concerned with standard direct payments, the system of administration of direct payments approved for 2004 and their impact on the economy of agricultural enterprises farming in different production areas. The impact of different ways of using additional payments for the years 2005 and 2006 are compared in this report. Attention is mostly paid to ways of the maximum adaptation to the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Social and economic points of the rural development
- Author
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F. Střeleček, R. Zdeněk, J. Lososová, and M. Jílek
- Subjects
the country ,rural region ,local community ,unemployment ,population development ,education ,Agriculture - Abstract
The article deals with characteristics of local communities and rural regions. Local communities are defined both according to the standards of population density and the number of inhabitants. In the article, there are treated especially the indicators of population development (balance of migration), economic activities of the inhabitants, unemployment rates, structures of the population according to the sector of national economy and the indicators of education. These indicators have been calculated on the basis of data of the Census 2001, municipal and regional statistics and the Department of Employment data concerning the unemployment rate.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Development of livestock in numbers and structure from the regional and administrative aspect
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and J. Kvapilík
- Subjects
livestock ,milk production ,meat production ,stocking rate ,regions ,Agriculture - Abstract
The contribution deals with the development of livestock since 1990. Since that year, beef and dairy cattle numbers have dropped by more than 50 percent in the Czech Republic. This decrease has been partly compensated by an increase in efficiency, yet milk production has dropped to 55% in this period and beef production to 60% compared with 1989. The declining amount of cultivated land in the Czech Republic has resulted in a decrease in the stocking rate and the corresponding production. It adversely influences the economy namely in highland areas. In this sense the high rate of permanent pastures with low stocking rate enables to efficiently exploit the EU direct payments and thus the direct payment system discriminates above all the farms in highland areas (potato and oat-growing areas and upland production areas).
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Impact of Common Agricultural Policy on Czech agriculture
- Author
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F. Střeleček and J. Lososová
- Subjects
standard direct payments ,single area payments ,production regions ,reform of cap ,hrdp ,Agriculture - Abstract
This contribution describes eight variants of the distribution of the direct payments and their impact on the farm economies in the years 2004-2006. For this purpose, selective set of 152 farms was divided in accordance with production regions: maize-growing, beet-growing, potato-growing, potato and oats-growing and uplands1. Possible demands for standard direct payments depending on the farm situation in 2002 and demands for payments set by different variants of the simplified system of direct payment distribution were figured to each of observed farms. To be comparable, individual bonuses were converted per 1 hectare of the farmland and to be considered more objectively, the eventual subsidies in terms of HRDP were calculated to the farms. In conclusion, all mentioned variants were compared from the point of view of their impact on the farm economies in different production and climatic regions.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Influence of subsidies on the economic result of agricultural firms in production and marginal areas
- Author
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F. Střeleček, J. Lososová, and P. Kollar
- Subjects
grant volume ,grant title ,marginal areas ,production areas ,economic result ,grant ,grant policy ,Agriculture - Abstract
This article is divided into four parts: the first is concerned with the state subsidy and support policy in the year 2001. The second part of the contribution mentions the subsidy development in production and marginal areas in the period 1996-2001 and its influence on the economic result of an average farm. Another part monitors the grant volume and the economic result at a selective sample of the identical firms in the time period from of the year 1997 to the year 2001 in reference to the farm position. The last part will deal with an evaluation of the grant volume where the subsidies are divided according to the subsidy titles in the year 2001 in an average agricultural firm farming in a certain altitude.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An evaluation of the types of technical development in agriculture in the years 1995-2000
- Author
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F. Střeleček and J. Lososová
- Subjects
marginal areas ,production areas ,fund efficiency ,productivity of labour ,average registration number of labourers ,operation ,average state of tangible assets ,technical specifications of work ,Agriculture - Abstract
This article is divided into four parts; the first is concerned with the methodology of evaluation of the type of technical development and its objectives. Another part will evaluate the type of technical development in the national economy as a whole in the period 1995-1999. The main indicators are fund efficiency, productivity of labour and the technical specifications of work. The third part of the contribution will deal with an evaluation of these indicators in the selected sector of the economy, namely in the farms which are obliged to make public their income statements in the business bulletin. The last part, considered from the perspective of the type of technical development will be a farm sample, divided according to size into two groups - production and marginal area. This sample will be considered for the years 1997-2000. Finally a total evaluation of the present development of single monitored groups and an inter group comparison will be carried out.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Economic results of agricultural companies in production and marginal areas in the year 2000
- Author
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F. Střeleček, P. Kollar, and J. Lososová
- Subjects
production areas ,marginal areas ,economic result before tax ,economic result for the accounting period ,capital efficiency ,productivity of labour ,labour technical equipment ,tax multiplier ,tax rate ,liquidity ,assets structure ,liabilities structure ,Agriculture - Abstract
The article was written on the base of research results concerning economic development of several selected Czech agricultural companies. In dependence on the altitude, the sample was divided into two sub-samples: companies of production areas and companies of marginal areas. Various economic indicators were monitored in these two sub-samples, the most important one being the economic result before tax. Other monitored indicators are closely related to this one - e.g. the required profit ratio, structure of the economic result, tax impact on the economic result. Other monitored indicators were: the structure of the revenue, productivity of labour, labour technical equipment, capital efficiency and other. Time comparison (development during several recent years; comparison between production and marginal areas) and space comparison of these two sub-samples were carried out. In its conclusion, this article evaluates the history of the hitherto development.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Degrees of costs effectiveness
- Author
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F. Střeleček, P. Kollar, J. Lososová, and D. Kopta
- Subjects
outputs ,costs ,profit ,price ,production volume in natural units ,cost per unit ,differencial cost per unit ,differential cost ,expense rate ,profitability ,output index ,cost index ,change of output ,profit change due to outputs ,change of costs due to expense rate ,Agriculture - Abstract
The article deals with the change of costs and its effect upon the change of profit in the monitored firm. The first part is devoted to the theoretical framework of the area. The formula needed for calculating indicators used are stated and described here and economic effects of the degrees of effectivness are explained by the means of graphs and formulas. The second part gives the definition of the degrees of effectiveness. Each of them is characterised by five items where monitored indicators are evaluated and described on the basis of observed data.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Monitoring therapy with insulin in ketoacidotic patients by quantifying 3-hydroxybutyrate with a commercial kit
- Author
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D W Mercer, G F Kessler, F J Losos, and L Mason
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Diabetic ketoacidosis ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Commercial kit ,medicine.disease ,Hydroxybutyrates ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 1986
39. Phenotypic Convergence Is Not Mirrored at the Protein Level in a Lizard Adaptive Radiation.
- Author
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Corbett-Detig RB, Russell SL, Nielsen R, and Losos J
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Female, Lizards anatomy & histology, Male, West Indies, Adaptation, Biological, Amino Acid Substitution, Evolution, Molecular, Lizards genetics, Phenotype
- Abstract
There are many compelling examples of molecular convergence at individual genes. However, the prevalence and the relative importance of adaptive genome-wide convergence remain largely unknown. Many recent works have reported striking examples of excess genome-wide convergence, but some of these studies have been called into question because of the use of inappropriate null models. Here, we sequenced and compared the genomes of 12 species of anole lizards that have independently converged on suites of adaptive behavioral and morphological traits. Despite extensive searches for a genome-wide signature of molecular convergence, we found no evidence supporting molecular convergence at specific amino acids either at individual genes or at genome-wide comparisons; we also uncovered no evidence supporting an excess of adaptive convergence in the rates of amino acid substitutions within genes. Our findings indicate that comprehensive phenotypic convergence is not mirrored at genome-wide protein-coding levels in anoles, and therefore, that adaptive phenotypic convergence is likely not constrained by the evolution of many specific protein sequences or structures., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. From low to high gear: there has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of evolution.
- Author
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Reznick DN, Losos J, and Travis J
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Biological Evolution, Ecology
- Abstract
Experimental studies of evolution performed in nature and the associated demonstration of rapid evolution, observable on a time scale of months to years, were an acclaimed novelty in the 1980-1990s. Contemporary evolution is now considered ordinary and is an integrated feature of many areas of research. This shift from extraordinary to ordinary reflects a change in the perception of evolution. It was formerly thought of as a historical process, perceived through the footprints left in the fossil record or living organisms. It is now seen as a contemporary process that acts in real time. Here we review how this shift occurred and its consequences for fields as diverse as wildlife management, conservation biology, and ecosystems ecology. Incorporating contemporary evolution in these fields has caused old questions to be recast, changed the answers, caused new and previously inconceivable questions to be addressed, and inspired the development of new subdisciplines. We argue further that the potential of contemporary evolution has yet to be fulfilled. Incorporating evolutionary dynamics in any research program can provide a better assessment of how and why organisms and communities came to be as they are than is attainable without an explicit treatment of these dynamics., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Status Report--Retracing the history of the early development of national chronic disease surveillance in Canada and the major role of the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (LCDC) from 1972 to 2000.
- Author
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Choi BC, Wigle DT, Johansen H, Losos J, Fair ME, Napke E, Anderson LJ, Davies JW, White K, Miller AB, Li FC, Stachenko S, Lindsay J, Gaudette LA, Nair C, Levy I, Morrison H, Silins J, Bouchard F, Tonmyr L, Villeneuve PJ, McRae L, Johnson KC, Lane RS, and Probert A
- Subjects
- Canada, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Population Surveillance, Chronic Disease epidemiology, Chronic Disease prevention & control, Government Agencies history, Government Agencies organization & administration, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Reduction of inequalities in health: assessing evidence-based tools.
- Author
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Tugwell P, O'Connor A, Andersson N, Mhatre S, Kristjansson E, Jacobsen MJ, Robinson V, Hatcher-Roberts J, Shea B, Francis D, Beardmore J, Wells GA, and Losos J
- Abstract
Background: The reduction of health inequalities is a focus of many national and international health organisations. The need for pragmatic evidence-based approaches has led to the development of a number of evidence-based equity initiatives. This paper describes a new program that focuses upon evidence- based tools, which are useful for policy initiatives that reduce inequities., Methods: This paper is based on a presentation that was given at the "Regional Consultation on Policy Tools: Equity in Population Health Reports," held in Toronto, Canada in June 2002., Results: Five assessment tools were presented. 1. A database of systematic reviews on the effects of educational, legal, social, and health interventions to reduce unfair inequalities is being established through the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations. 2 Decision aids and shared decision making can be facilitated in disadvantaged groups by 'health coaches' to help people become better decision makers, negotiators, and navigators of the health system; a pilot study in Chile has provided proof of this concept. 3. The CIET Cycle: Combining adapted cluster survey techniques with qualitative methods, CIET's population based applications support evidence-based decision making at local and national levels. The CIET map generates maps directly from survey or routine institutional data, to be used as evidence-based decisions aids. Complex data can be displayed attractively, providing an important tool for studying and comparing health indicators among and between different populations. 4. The Ottawa Equity Gauge is applying the Global Equity Gauge Alliance framework to an industrialised country setting. 5 The Needs-Based Health Assessment Toolkit, established to assemble information on which clinical and health policy decisions can be based, is being expanded to ensure a focus on distribution and average health indicators., Conclusion: Evidence-based planning tools have much to offer the goal of equitable health development.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Household cost-benefit equations and sustainable universal childhood immunisation: a randomised cluster controlled trial in south Pakistan [ISRCTN12421731].
- Author
-
Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Ansari N, Omer K, Losos J, Ledogar RJ, Tugwell P, and Shea B
- Subjects
- Child Health Services statistics & numerical data, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Communication, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Decision Making, Developing Countries, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Immunization Programs statistics & numerical data, Infant, Male, Pakistan, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Child Health Services economics, Immunization Programs economics, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods
- Abstract
Background: Household decision-makers decide about service use based largely on the costs and perceived benefits of health interventions. Very often this leads to different decisions than those imagined by health planners, resulting in under-utilisation of public services like immunisation. In the case of Lasbela district in the south of Pakistan, only one in every ten children is immunised despite free immunisation offers by government health services., Methods/design: In 32 communities representative of Lasbela district, 3344 households participated in a baseline survey on early child health. In the 18 randomly selected intervention communities, we will stimulate discussions on the household cost-benefit equation, as measured in the baseline. The reference (control) communities will also participate in the three annual follow-up surveys, feedback of the general survey results and the usual health promotion activities relating to immunisation, but without focussed discussion on the household cost-benefit equations., Discussion: This project proposes knowledge translation as a two-way communication that can be augmented by local and international evidence. We will document cultural and contextual barriers to immunisation in the context of household cost-benefit equations. The project makes this information accessible to health managers, and reciprocally, makes information on immunisation effects and side effects available to communities. We will measure the impact of this two-way knowledge translation on immunisation uptake.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Phylogenetic analysis of ecological and morphological diversification in Hispaniolan trunk-ground anoles (Anolis cybotes group).
- Author
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Glor RE, Kolbe JJ, Powell R, Larson A, and Losos J
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Body Weights and Measures, Dominican Republic, Evolution, Molecular, Geography, Haiti, Haplotypes, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ecology, Environment, Lizards anatomy & histology, Lizards genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Anolis lizards in the Greater Antilles partition the structural microhabitats available at a given site into four to six distinct categories. Most microhabitat specialists, or ecomorphs, have evolved only once on each island, yet closely related species of the same ecomorph occur in different geographic macrohabitats across the island. The extent to which closely related species of the same ecomorph have diverged to adapt to different geographic macrohabitats is largely undocumented. On the island of Hispaniola, members of the Anolis cybotes species group belong to the trunk-ground ecomorph category. Despite evolutionary stability of their trunk-ground microhabitat, populations of the A. cybotes group have undergone an evolutionary radiation associated with geographically distinct macrohabitats. A combined phylogeographic and morphometric study of this group reveals a strong association between macrohabitat type and morphology independent of phylogeny. This association results from long-term morphological evolutionary stasis in populations associated with mesic-forest environments (A. c. cybotes and A. marcanoi) and predictable morphometric changes associated with entry into new macrohabitat types (i.e., xeric forests, high-altitude pine forest, rock outcrops). Phylogeographic analysis of 73 new mitochondrial DNA sequences (1921 aligned sites) sampled from 68 geographic populations representing 12 recognized species and subspecies diagnoses 16 allopatric or parapatric groupings of populations differing from each other by 5-18% sequence divergence. At least some of these groupings appear to have attained species-level divergence from others. Evolutionary specialization to different macrohabitat types may be a major factor in the evolutionary diversification of Greater Antillean anoles.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Report of the Workgroup on Viral Diseases.
- Author
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Losos J
- Subjects
- Health Planning, Humans, International Cooperation, Organizational Objectives, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Global Health, Virus Diseases prevention & control
- Published
- 1998
46. Estimated economic burden of nosocomial infection.
- Author
-
Losos J and Trotman M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross Infection epidemiology, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Cross Infection economics
- Published
- 1984
47. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Canada: the first 5 years of surveillance.
- Author
-
Losos J, Wells G, Elmslie K, Verveniotis G, and Clayton AJ
- Subjects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome mortality, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome transmission, Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks
- Abstract
In the first 5 years of surveillance of reports of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Canada, from February 1982, the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, was notified of 1133 cases reported through provincial ministries of health that met the case definition developed by the US Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Most cases (82.2%) were reported from the homosexual/bisexual risk group. Other risk groups were less frequently represented, in contrast to the experience in the United States, where a higher proportion of cases in drug abusers has been observed, and in Africa, where heterosexual spread is far more common. The presenting clinical picture and length of survival after diagnosis were similar to those reported for other countries. Differences between projected estimates of the number of AIDS cases obtained with polynomial and logistic growth models emphasize the need for solid epidemiologic data on the number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus, the rates of transmission and the rates of progression to disease.
- Published
- 1988
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