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Background: In lumbar radiculopathy there is compression or inflammation of a spinal nerve and it may be accompanied by numbness and tingling, muscle weakness or loss of spinal reflexes in one or both lower limbs. Conventional physiotherapy which includes back extension exercises has varying degree of success in pain and functional outcome in lumbar radiculopathy. Mulligan's spinal mobilization with limb movement (SMWLM) and Shacklock's neural tissue mobilization are few of the techniques employed in the management of lumbar radiculopathy. The purpose of the study was to find out whether spinal mobilization with leg movement as an adjunct to neural mobilization and conventional therapy could bring better outcome in patients when compared to conventional therapy or neural mobilization and conventional therapy. Methods: 90 patients were selected randomly with lumbar radiculopathy. Duration of the study was for six weeks. The study included 3 groups, control group received back extension exercises and hot pack, experimental group 1 received neural mobilisation and conventional physiotherapy and experimental group 2 received SMWLM along with neural mobilisation and conventional physiotherapy. The outcomes included NPRS, SLR using goniometry and MOLBPQ which were assessed at day 1 and 2, 4, 6 week. ANOVA was done for inter group analysis and paired t-test was done for intra group analysis. Results: All the groups showed significant difference (P -0.000 < 0.05) at 2, 4, 6 weeks of NPRS, MOLBPQ and SLR. The mean difference and paired t-test values of experimental group 2 was more when compared to experimental group 1 and control group at the end of 6 weeks. Conclusion: All the three groups showed improvement in pain, functional disability and straight leg raise (SLR). SMWLM as an adjunct to neural mobilization and conventional therapy showed significantly better outcomes in pain, functional disability and SLR when compared to conventional therapy or neural mobilization and conventional therapy.

Desalination is a technology that still needs to take off in scientific research. The current techniques are not appropriate and still demand great investments of money, manpower and space. This study proposes the use of spent tea leaves on the removal of sodium ions from seawater. Although our results do not show a remarkable purification of saltwater (maximum observed adsorption percentage of 8%), but it demonstrates a strong effect of pH, adsorbent mass, salt concentration, presence of other ions and dyes. This indicates that the desalination by using these materials could be tuned and optimized (base-treated GT reached 16% adsorption). Furthermore, column experiments demonstrate that this desalination technique could be taken to automatized systems for the purification of larger water volumes. Instrumental analyses demonstrated that these materials have high heat resistance and appropriate morphological and textural properties, indicating that have appropriate mechanical properties for their use as adsorbents. Lastly, the uptake of sodium ions was improved by the treatment of the tea leaves with diluted acid and bases, indicating their potential as desalinating biomaterials. These results create a new mindset on the desalination as a fertile area that will benefit the society.

Background Law enforcement officers (LEOs) experience high rates of cardiovascular events compared with the general US population. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Data regarding MetS among LEOs are limited. Methods We sought to determine the prevalence of MetS and its associated risk factors as well as gender differences among LEOs who participated in the World Trade Center (WTC) Law Enforcement Cardiovascular Screening (LECS) Program from 2008-2010. We evaluated a total of 2,497 participants, 40 years and older, who responded to the 9/11 WTC attacks. Results The prevalence of MetS was 27%, with abdominal obesity and hypertension being the most frequently occurring risk factors. MetS and its risk factors were significantly higher among male compared to female LEOs, except for reduced HDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusions MetS is a rising epidemic in the United States, and importantly, approximately one in four LEOs who worked at the WTC site after 9/11 are affected.

This article outlines recent methods and applications directed at understanding the profit and consumer welfare implications of increasingly prevalent price discrimination strategies in the service sector. These industries are typically characterized by heterogeneity in consumers’ valuation and usage of the service, resale constraints, and a focus on price as the service’s key attribute. The article focuses on how firms use nonlinear pricing or bundling strategies to benefit from the heterogeneity in consumer demand. We describe the basic economic model commonly used in the literature to analyze such strategic choices and present recent methodological improvements to this benchmark. A discussion of existing applications and future research opportunities concludes the article.

A spate of earthquakes in the recent past, causing extensive damage,has heightened the sensitivity of engineers and planners to the looming seismic risk in densely populated Indian cities. Delhi city is in a seismically active region and hence it is important to understand the existing earthquake hazard to the city on a scientific basis. This article, after discussing the seismo-tectonic status of the city and its environs, presents probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of an area of 30 km x 40 km with its centre at India Gate, Delhi city. The quantified hazard in terms of the rock level peak ground acceleration value is mapped on a grid size of 1 km x 1 km, for a return period of 2500 years. In engineering parlance, this corresponds to a probability of exceedance of 2% in a design life of 50 years. This map can be used as the basis for further site-specific studies at soft, soil deposits.

Iyengar, R. N.,Sharma, Devendra,Siddiqui, J. M."Earthquake history of India in medieval times,"Indian Journal of History of Science 34, no. 3 (1999): 181-237.

The effects of expression of mutant (Q227L)-activated Galphas and elevation of cAMP on mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the transformed phenotype were studied in the MCF-7 human mammary epithelial cell line. Elevation of cAMP partially inhibited the epidermal growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis and the intrinsic MAPK (ERK-1 and ERK-2) of serum-starved MCF-7 cells. Addition of 8Br-cAMP or expression of mutant (Q227L)-activated Galphas in MCF-7 cells blocked the ability of these cells to grow in an anchorage-independent manner, as assessed by colony formation in soft agar. 8Br-cAMP in the culture medium also blocked estrogen stimulation of MCF-7 cell proliferation in vitro. MCF-7 cells expressing Q227L-Galphas grew very slowly in vitro, and when these cells were injected s.c. into athymic mice implanted with estrogen pellets, the frequency of tumor formation was reduced greatly and the sizes of the tumors formed were much smaller than those in mice injected with MCF-7 cells that had been transfected with the empty vector. These results indicate that the intracellular levels of cAMP in transformed mammary epithelial cells can be a crucial factor in determining the expression of the transformed phenotype. Interactions between the Gs/adenylyl cyclase and MAPK-1,2 signaling pathways could be one mechanism by which expression of the transformed phenotype in mammary epithelial cells are regulated.