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Steep channel profiles of scaled transistors are a promising approach for advancing transistor generation in bulk complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS). In this paper, a carbon-doped Si (Si:C) layer under an undoped Si layer is proposed to form steep p-type channel profiles in n-channel MOS field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs) due to extremely low diffusivity of boron and indium in Si:C layers. This structure with low channel impurity improves mobility and suppresses threshold voltage (VTH) variation. Both items are essential for aggressively scaled MOSFETs with a gate length less than 25 nm. We demonstrated well-controlled, high-performance, and low VTH variability nMOSFETs with a Si:C-Si epitaxial channel structure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The presence of the hyperdense basilar artery (HDBA) sign, which indicates basilar artery occlusion (BAO), plays an important role in the early diagnosis and intervention in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, qualitative and quantitative assessment of the HDBA sign is challenging. This case report describes a 60-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cerebral infarction. She developed progressive loss of consciousness and ataxic respiration. A noncontrast-enhanced head computed tomography (CT) scan performed three hours after symptom onset revealed the HDBA sign compared with previously obtained CT images. Quantitative measurements revealed a significant increase in Hounsfield units (HUs) in the basilar artery. Subsequent three-dimensional CT angiography confirmed the occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery. This case highlights the importance of comparing current and previous imaging findings in detecting the HDBA sign. Quantitative HU measurements may further aid diagnosis. Early detection of the HDBA sign on noncontrast-enhanced head CT is critical for expediting the diagnosis and treatment of BAO., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Tanaka et al.)

A 49-year-old woman with a family history of Moyamoya disease presented with sudden onset of right hemiparesis without headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed a cerebral infarct in the left corona radiata, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed severe stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid, middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries. Antithrombotic therapy improved her symptoms. After 2 weeks, MRA revealed changes in cerebral arterial vasodilation, indicating reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Five months later, she presented with transient dysarthria without headache ; MRA revealed multiple cerebral artery stenosis, and 2 days later, it revealed changes in cerebral arterial vasodilation. RCVS presents with reversible multifocal narrowing of the cerebral arteries with thunderclap headache, commonly observed in middle-aged women. RCVS without headache is rare. RCVS should be a differential diagnosis in patients with multiple cerebral artery stenoses without headache, and serial MRI is important for its diagnosis. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 323-326, August, 2024.

Background: The number of medical students aspiring to become neurosurgeons has decreased worldwide, mainly due to poor work-life balance among neurosurgeons; therefore, recruiting students for neurosurgery is essential to ensure the availability and appropriate quality of neurosurgical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hands-on neuroendovascular practice for nonselective undergraduate medical students to determine whether this increases their interest in neurosurgery and contributes to their aspirations of becoming neurosurgeons., Methods: Hands-on neuroendovascular practice for mechanical thrombectomy was performed by undergraduate 5 th -year medical students during their 2-week clinical rotation in the Department of neurosurgery at our university hospital between April 2021 and March 2023. After the neurosurgery practice, a questionnaire about their understanding of neurosurgery and aspirations for this specialization before and after the practice was anonymously completed by all students., Results: Overall, 153 students completed the questionnaire. Of these, 140 (91.5 %) showed increased interest in neurosurgery after participating in the hands-on practice. Through this practice, the number of students who considered neurosurgery as their first choice or one of their specialty choices increased from 8 (5.2%) to 12 (7.8%) ( P = 0.3534) and from 19 (12.4%) to 52 (34.0%) ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Furthermore, the number of students with no aspiration to become neurosurgeons decreased from 95 (62.1%) to 43 (28.1%) ( P < 0.0001)., Conclusion: Hands-on neuroendovascular practice for nonselective undergraduate medical students effectively increased their interest in neurosurgery specialization and their desire to become neurosurgeons. Therefore, this practice can help recruit medical students for neurosurgery specialization., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Surgical Neurology International.)