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It has been pointed out that conventional experimental procedures might distort results about lie recognition. Levine (2014) argues in his Truth–Default Theory (TDT) that people usually trust others but that they can quickly abandon their trust when witnessing a trigger event in which they examine why the person told a lie. He also stated that asking participants to judge which stimulus persons are lying in experiments can work as a “lie prime” (i.e., a trigger event). Furthermore, when participants are asked to think about lies, this may increase the estimated frequency of lies. We conducted two studies to investigate the effects of the following instruction: “Please determine who told a lie.” Instead of asking participants to determine who is lying, we asked participants to give their impressions of stimulus persons, based on the presumption that an individual positively evaluates others who tell the truth. Study 1 employed a between-participant design but we found that the instructions had no significant effects. Study 2 employed a within-participant design and we found that the lie instructions had significant effects on lie recognition in evaluating stimulus persons. In the without-lie-instruction condition, stimulus persons were more likely to be positively evaluated than those in the with-lie-instruction condition. Our study suggests that researchers should be more careful about what instructions they give to participants in lie recognition experiments.

Unconscious thought, defined as a situation where conscious attention is directed elsewhere rather than on the decision being made, has been reported as an effective way to uncover a target's lie (Reinhard et al., 2013). We reexamined the study of Reinhard et al. in a Japanese setting and also investigated how perceivers' personality traits related to accurate lie detections and true/false response tendency. Moreover, we examined how lie detection affected perceivers' interpersonal relationships. An experiment was conducted with 56 university students. Results indicate that students were more likely to make correct judgements when targets told the truth than when they lied. However, unconscious thought did not increase lie detection rates or true/false response tendency compared with conscious thought and control conditions. Among the personality traits that we used, state anxiety, social skills, and tendency to lie affected the lie detection rate. State anxiety also affected the true/false response tendency. Finally, perceiving a target telling the truth led participants to want to continue relationships, and this process was mediated by the impression of the targets. The cultural differences in unconscious thought, possible reasons our results did not replicate the findings of Reinhard et al., and the importance of state anxiety in lie detection are discussed., 本論文は，第一著者が広島大学教育学部に提出した平成26年度卒業論文を基に作成したものである。

脳磁図(MEG)や心磁図(MCG)等の生体磁気信号計測は, 生体機能の解明や疾患等の診断に用いられる非侵襲的計測・イメージングモダリティの中でも重要な役割を担っている.我々は生体磁気信号計測を目標として超高感度光ポンピング原子磁気センサシステムを開発している.本研究では, ヒトのMCGを計測する上で十分な感度を有したカリウム原子磁気センサを構築しMCG計測を行った.計測信号に対しては, 原子磁気センサの周波数応答を考慮した波形の復元を行った.得られたMCGの空間分布の結果は, 従来のSQUID磁束計により計測された結果とも一致しており, 光ポンピング原子磁気センサによる生体磁気信号計測の信頼性と実現可能性が示された., Measurement of biomagnetic fields such as magnetoencephalograms (MEGs) and magnetocardiograms (MCGs) is one of the important non-invasive imaging modalities to investigate biological functions and to diagnose disease. We have developed an ultrasensitive optically-pumped atomic magnetometer for biomagnetic measurements. In this study, human MCGs were measured with a potassium atomic magnetometer. The sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer was definitively sufficient for recording of the human MCGs. The measured signals were recovered by considering the frequency characteristics of the atomic magnetometer. The activity of the human heart estimated with the MCG maps showed good agreements with those measured with SQUID magnetometers. These results demonstrated reliability and feasibility of biomagnetic measurements with optically-pumped atomic magnetometers., 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである

Manganese(III)-based oxidative free-radical macrocyclization was examined. α,α,ω,ω-Tetraaryl-α,ω-alkadienes 1x (x = 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 28) and oligomethylene bis(3-oxobutanoate)s 2y (y = 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 26) were allowed to react with manganese(III) acetate in acetic acid at 100 ℃ under an argon atmosphere to give the 20- to 62-membered huge macrocyclic compounds 3xy in good to moderate yields. A similar reaction of alkadienes 45, 72 with bis(3-oxobutanoate)s 57, 81, 82 containing p-phenylene in the alkyl chain also afforded the cyclophane-type macrocyclic compounds 6, 91, 92, 101, 102 in acceptable yields. The mechanism for the formation of the macrodiolides was explained by the production of intramolecular electron donor-acceptor-type complex E between the donor terminal olefin part and the acceptor manganese(III)-enolate moiety.