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It is shown that the earlier discovered features of the composition and properties of electrochemical coatings obtained by the induced codeposition from alloys of iron group metals (W, Mo, Re) such as nanocrystallinity (X-ray amorphism), macroscopic dimensional effects of microhardness and corrosion resistance, the effect of the volume current density on the properties and composition are a consequence of the fractality of the solutions of complexes (citrate, gluconate, etc.) in combination with the intensive interfacial exchange. In this case, the kinetics of nano-nucleation limits the size of the resulting alloy nucleus, as a result of which water molecules participate in the formation of coatings, leading to the incorporation of oxide-hydroxide inclusions into the solid phase and hydrogenation.

The Earth's magnetic field is affected by the presence of heavy military armored vehicles which creates an additional magnetic moment. This distortion of the magnetic field, can be detected using magnetoresistive structures. This article touches base on the possibility of using semiconductor material such as InSe for high precision measurement of the magnetic field. The properties of InSe structures with regard to electrical, magnetic and optical characteristics are discussed. The effect of sharp anisotropy of InSe layered structure which consists in the strong covalent bond within the layers and a weak van-der-Waals bond in the interlayer space is discussed with regard to the explanation of how electrical, magnetic and optical properties are altered. The peculiarity of the spatial orientation of the material with regard to the direction of the magnetic field is considered. The impact of intercalation of InSe, GaSe by various concentrations of metal impurities such as nickel and other elements of 3d iron group is studied. Bode diagrams for pure InSe system are compared with the ones of NixInSe (for various x values). Also the effect of different temperatures ranging from room temperature to liquid nitrogen on the pattern of Bode diagrams is analyzed. The extent of how the magnetic properties of semiconductor crystals of the A3B6 type are altered by the presence of the metal impurities and their concentration is analyzed. Theoretic background for this paper is based on a well-known statement that layer structures such InSe or other A3B6 structures can be viewed as quasi two-dimensional. So, layers with strong covalent bond are formed by In-Se atoms, whereas interlayer space is filled with a weak Van der Waals bond. Within this model the processes across the layers can be described as a perturbation to the ones along the layers. This causes a strong anisotropy of the properties of these structures. Military implication of InSe structures mentioned throughout this paper is that these structures possess magnetoresistive properties and they were proved to be useful for the components of the magnetic sensors of civil and military use. This paper also touches base on how the InSe semiconductor crystals intercalated by 3d-elements can extend the functionality of magnetic sensors designed for heavy armor detection.

The properties and mass distribution of the ultramagnetized atomic nuclei which arise in heavy-ion collisions and magnetar crusts, during Type II supernova explosions and neutron star mergers are analyzed. For the magnetic field strength range of 0.1&ndash, 10 teratesla, the Zeeman effect leads to a linear nuclear magnetic response that can be described in terms of magnetic susceptibility. Binding energies increase for open shell and decrease for closed shell nuclei. A noticeable enhancement in theyield of corresponding explosive nucleosynthesis products with antimagic numbers is predicted for iron group and r-process nuclei. Magnetic enrichment in a sampleof 44Ti corroborate theobservational results and imply a significant increase in the quantity of the main titanium isotope, 48Ti, in the chemical composition of galaxies. The enhancement of small mass number nuclides in the r-process peak may be due to magnetic effects.

International audience; The study of the transition from high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to conventional alloys (CAs) composed of the same alloying components is apparently important, both for understanding the formation of HEAs and for proper evaluation of their potential with respect to that of the corresponding CAs. However, this transition has thus far been studied in only two types of alloy systems: crystalline alloys of iron group metals (such as the Cantor alloy and its derivatives) and both amorphous (a-) and crystalline alloys, TE-TL, of early (TE = Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf) and late (TL = Co, Ni, Cu) transition metals. Here, we briefly overview the main results for the transition from HEAs to CAs in these alloy systems and then present new results for the electronic structure (ES), studied with photoemission spectroscopy and specific heat, atomic structure, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of a-TE-TL and Cantor-type alloys. A change in the properties of the alloys studied on crossing from the HEA to the CA concentration range mirrors that in the ES. The compositions of the alloys having the best properties depend on the alloy system and the property selected. This emphasizes the importance of knowing the ES for the design of new compositional complex alloys with the desired properties.

Iron group transition metal phosphides (TMPs, M= Fe, Co, Ni) have been considered as promising noble-metal-free cocatalysts for the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation. However, the impact on the H2 generation activity in correlation with the types of metal in TMPs still remains unresolved. In this paper, to investigate the effect of metal phosphides with different metal on photocatalytic H2 generation, three types of iron group transition metal phosphides (M2P, M=Fe, Co, and Ni) nanoparticles were used as the cocatalysts of sulfur doped g-C3N4 (S CN) for the photocatalytic H2 generation. By comparing three types of M2P/S CN, the optimum cocatalyst of Ni2P has ca. 22.7 times that of the pristine S CN under the same condition. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, photoelectrochemical characterization and DFT calculations confirmed the enhanced photo-induced charge transfer and band separation when S CN was integrated with the Ni2P.

Electrodeposition of earth-abundant iron group metals such as nickel is difficult to characterize by simple electrochemical analyses since the reduction of their metal salts often competes with inhibiting reactions. This makes the mechanistic interpretation sometimes contradictory, preventing unambiguous predictions about the nature and structure of the electrodeposited material. Herein, the complexity of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) electrodeposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) is unraveled operando and at a single entity NP level by optical microscopy correlated to ex situ SEM imaging. Our correlative approach allows differentiating the dynamics of formation of two different NP populations, metallic Ni and Ni(OH)2 with a

The cause of the microscopic size effect in the microhardness of electroplated binary alloys between iron group metals and tungsten is identified by studying electrodeposition of Co-W alloys. The effect is caused by the presence of oxygen-containing impurities in electroplated alloys, the impurity content growing with increasing the volume current density, which leads to a reduction in the coating microhardness. We find that the nature of anodes used affects the properties of deposited coatings, in particular, microhardness, because a deposition-inducing metal complex, which is a complex of an iron group metal, is consumed during electrolysis not only at the cathode, but it may also undergo oxidation at the anode, which identifies the way the anode affects the coating properties.

With the increasing energy demand, energy conversion and storage technology has garnered intense attention. As one of the competitive electrochemical energy technologies, the zinc–air battery (ZAB) has been considered to be a promising candidate due to its advantages, including low cost and environmental friendliness. To overcome its technical challenges of low activity and stability of ZAB air electrode electrocatalysts, substantial efforts have been made to develop highly active and stable materials for improving the performance. In this paper, a comprehensive review of one type of the ZAB electrocatalyst, that is, iron group (Fe, Co, Ni)-based oxides, is provided. The discussion will be concentrated on the recent progress and challenges associated with this type of electrocatalyst as well as corresponding perspectives.

Metallic glasses (MGs) have recently attracted great attention in degrading azo dyes and other organic pollutants as a kind of environmental-friendly materials for wastewater remediation. In this paper, decolorization properties of MGs based on different iron-group elements (IGEs) were reported, and adsorption or reductive degradation of aqueous azo dye solutions was observed on the surface of glassy ribbons due to their different main constituents. The primary factor determining the occurrence of adsorption or degradation was considered to be the electronic nature of the MGs instead of their crystalline structures or surface states. Besides, some electrochemical information of the glassy ribbons in the azo dye solutions was also provided for understanding the mechanism of the decolorization process. Our findings suggest that such MGs based on IGEs may be good candidates for preparing tailored materials to treat azo dye solutions or other similar organic solutions.

High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the eclipsing binary system RR Lyn were made using the 1.8 m telescope at the Bohuynsan Optical Astronomical Observatory in Korea. The spectral resolving power was R = 82,000, with a signal to noise ratio of S/N > 150. We found the effective temperatures and surface gravities of the primary and secondary components to be equal to Teff = 7,920 & 7,210 K and log(g) = 3.80 & 4.16, respectively. The abundances of 34 and 17 different chemical elements were found in the atmospheric components. Correlations between the derived abundances with condensation temperatures and the second ionization potentials of these elements are discussed. The primary component is a typical metallic line star with the abundances of light and iron group elements close to solar values, while elements with atomic numbers Z > 30 are overabundant by 0.5–1.5 dex with respect to solar values. The secondary component is a λ Boo type star. In this type of stars, CNO abundances are close to solar values, while the abundance pattern shows a negative correlation with condensation temperatures.

Experimental levels of the configurations (3d + 4s) (n) 4p for neutral atoms of calcium, scandium, and titanium were compared with corresponding calculated values. The rms errors in the calculated values for Ca i, Sc i and Ti i were 23, 126, and 261 cm(−1), respectively.

Objective: To detect the mechanism of excess iron intake on growth and intestinal mucosa in rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Low Iron Group, Normal Iron Group, Medium Iron Group and High Iron Group upon daily iron intake of 7mg/kg, 16.8mg/kg, 35mg/kg, 70mg/kg respectively via fodder for eight weeks. The general condition, body weight and food intake were documented simultaneously. Serum level of Ferritin, IL-6 and IL-10 were detected using ELISA. The observation of morphology of intestine was also included concurrently. Results: The weight obtained was significantly lower in the High Iron Group compared with the other three groups while the average weight of the rats in the High Iron Group was lower than the Normal Iron Group. Meanwhile, the average amount food uptake of the High Iron Group had slightly decreased in the eighth week. In addition, the level of IL-6 in small intestine of the High Iron Group is higher than that of the Normal Iron Group (PRead Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017031212 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1212

We have developed a method for determining elemental Fe-group abundances in planetary nebulae using an infrared emission line of Zn, the least refractory Fe-group species. Many planetary nebulae, particularly those of the Milky Way’s thick disk and bulge, display subsolar [Fe/H] (as inferred from Zn) although their abundances of α elements such as O, S, and Ar are nearly solar. We discuss the implications for determining enhancements of species synthesized by the progenitor star during the AGB (e.g.,s-process products), and for galactic chemical evolution in view of the metallicity dependence of AGB nucleosynthetic yields.

Partitioning experiments were done by hydrothermal synthesis of crystals containing trace elements (TEs) by internal sampling of fluid at the temperature of 450 &deg, C and pressure of 1 kbar. The crystal phases obtained were magnetite, hematite, and Ni-spinel, which were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The solutions from the sampler&rsquo, s fluid probes were analysed by AAS for TEs included elements of the iron group plus aluminium. The highest co-crystallisation coefficients of TE and Fe between mineral and fluid (DTE/Fe) in magnetite were measured for V, Al, Ni and Cr (in decreasing order of n units in value), a lower value was observed for Co (2 &times, 10&minus, 1), and still lower values for Ti, Zn, and Mn (n &times, 2&ndash, 3). In hematite, DTE/Fe values were highest for Al and V (order of n units in value), while lower values characterised Ti, Cr, and Co (n &times, 1&ndash, 3), and the lowest values were exhibited by Cu, Mn, and Zn (n &times, 5). Copper was confirmed to be the most incompatible with all minerals studied, however, Cu had a high content on crystal surfaces. This surficial segregation contributes to the average TE concentration even when a thin layer of nonautonomous phase (NAP) is enriched in the element of interest. The accumulation of TEs on the surface of crystals increased bulk content 1&ndash, 2 orders of magnitude above the content of structurally-bound elements even in coarse crystals. The inverse problem&mdash, evaluation of TE/Fe ratios in fluids involved in the formation of magnetite-containing deposits&mdash, revealed that the most abundant metals in fluids were Fe followed by Mn, Zn, and Cu, which comprised 10 to 30% of the total iron content.

Fe-Ni-based oxides and oxyhydroxides have been recognized as interesting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, and thus could be alternatives to replace rare and expensive metal oxides (e.g., IrO2 and RuO2) for water electrolysis in the generation of hydrogen to store energy from intermittent sources, such as solar and wind. However, these materials may suffer from deactivation during the OER due to changes in the active phases. In this study, a methodology to regenerate the OER activity of aged, electrodeposited Fe-Ni-Co electrocatalysts in an alkaline electrolyte is presented. The Fe-Ni-Co thin films were electrodeposited over a range of current density from a boric acid electrolyte onto rotating cylinder electrodes (RCE). The resulting deposits had different Fe and Ni compositions, containing a small amount of Co, and were used to characterize the OER in 1 M KOH. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to generate a surface oxide and measure the OER kinetics. The electroactive surface areas were accessed using an electrochemical ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox reaction. The OER kinetics were found to be a function of deposit composition, with the lowest Tafel slope and overpotential (at 10 mA/cm2) observed at a metal weight percentage ratio, Fe/(Ni+Co), of 1.2. The electrocatalyst became less active upon chronopotentiometric aging at 10 mA/cm2 for 30 hours. Notably, when the aged catalyst was reduced by applying a cathodic current density, the electrocatalytic activity recovered. The spectra of Fe, Ni, Co L-edge and O K-edge from X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) suggested that the aging and recovery are due to the redistribution of the electron density between O, and Fe and Ni. Co was found to be predominately in the metallic state.

Electrocatalytic water splitting for the generation of H2 and O2 is one of the most efficient strategy for the development of clean energy fuels. Though tremendous development has made on the fabrication of several electrocatalysts, yet these are limited for practical applications owing to their high cost, poor stability, activity, and scarcity. The cost–effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting with good stability and activity in a wide pH range are rarely reported. We report on a newly designed Iron−Group Metal Boride /Heteroatom-doped vertically oriented graphene (IMB/HVG) electrocatalysts, fabricated via single−step electrodeposition method. IMB/HVG hybrid catalysts have potential to enhance interfacial electron transfer, improve the catalytic performance, and withstand in a wide pH range (pH 0–13.8). The hybrid catalysts showed an excellent electro–catalytic activity for overall water splitting reactions in a wide pH range (pH 0–13.8). The as–synthesized electrocatalysts exhibited excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities with low overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in all pH values. The electrocatalysts also showed prominent electrochemical stability. We strongly believe, this study may provide a facile design for the fabrication of cost–effective and non–noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts material for overall water splitting withstand in different pH conditions.

The explosive death of a star as a supernova is one of the most dramatic events in the Universe. Supernovae have an outsized impact on many areas of astrophysics: they are major contributors to the chemical enrichment of the cosmos and significantly influence the formation of subsequent generations of stars and the evolution of galaxies. Here we review the observational properties of thermonuclear supernovae, exploding white dwarf stars resulting from the stellar evolution of low-mass stars in close binary systems. The best known objects in this class are type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), astrophysically important in their application as standardisable candles to measure cosmological distances and the primary source of iron group elements in the Universe. Surprisingly, given their prominent role, SN Ia progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms are not fully understood; the observations we describe here provide constraints on models, not always in consistent ways. Recent advances in supernova discovery and follow-up have shown that the class of thermonuclear supernovae includes more than just SN Ia, and we characterise that diversity in this review., Comment: Authors' version of invited Review Article published as part of a Supernova Focus issue in Nature Astronomy; 14 pages, 8 figures

We present results from general relativistic calculations of nuclear ignition in white dwarf stars triggered by near encounters with rotating intermediate mass black holes with different spin and alignment parameters. These encounters create thermonuclear environments characteristic of Type Ia supernovae capable of producing both calcium and iron group elements in arbitrary ratios, depending primarily on the proximity of the interaction which acts as a strong moderator of nucleosynthesis. We explore the effects of black hole spin and spin-orbital alignment on burn product synthesis to determine whether they might also be capable of moderating reactive flows. When normalized to equivalent impact penetration, accounting for frame dragging corrections, the influence of spin is weak, no more than 25% as measured by nuclear energy release and mass of burn products, even for near maximally rotating black holes. Stars on prograde trajectories approach closer to the black hole and produce significantly more unbound debris and iron group elements than is possible by encounters with nonrotating black holes or by retrograde orbits, at more than 50% mass conversion efficiency. The debris contains several radioisotopes, most notably Ni56, made in amounts that produce sub-luminous (but still observable) light curves compared to branch-normal SNe Ia., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ

Nowadays the development of science and industrial production requires the creation of new materials, able to serve in hard conditions of external action, including high gradient temperatures, intensive impact load, as well as, in the conditions of aggressive atmosphere, hard friction regime and wear. Perspective direction, while developing such materials, is a partial and full refusal from traditional connecting hard alloys – transition material of iron group, which does not possess the required heat resistance, high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. The usage as an alternative of a connecting phase of intermetallic compound TiNi allows increasing such characteristics. The paper is devoted to the research of the peculiarities of heat-resistant hard tungstunfree alloys of the system of TiC – TiNi in dependence on the volume content of the components in the conditions of oxidizing heating from room temperature to 900 and 1100 °С in a furnace with the heating rate of 5 °С/min. It has been established that the usage of cementing connecting phase TiNi allows increasing heat resistance and corrosion resistance of hard alloys based on TiC with intermetallics of TiNi in comparison with alloys of VK3M, VK8, T30K4 and TN – 20.

We present near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of the nearby supernova 2014J obtained $\sim$450 d after explosion. We detect the [Ni II] 1.939 $\mu$m line in the spectra indicating the presence of stable $^{58}$Ni in the ejecta. The stable nickel is not centrally concentrated but rather distributed as the iron. The spectra are dominated by forbidden [Fe II] and [Co II] lines. We use lines, in the NIR spectra, arising from the same upper energy levels to place constraints on the extinction from host galaxy dust. We find that that our data are in agreement with the high $A_V$ and low $R_V$ found in earlier studies from data near maximum light. Using a $^{56}$Ni mass prior from near maximum light $\gamma$-ray observations, we find $\sim$0.05 M$_\odot$ of stable nickel to be present in the ejecta. We find that the iron group features are redshifted from the host galaxy rest frame by $\sim$600 km s$^{-1}$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A

It well−known that optical fibers have a «window of transparency » (1.5−3 µm) which is much wider than the spectra of the transmitted signals. For this reason there is some potential in transmitting signals using different, previously unused frequencies, in order to increase the economic efficiency of existing and new optical fiber lines. This may be the origin of the great interest to research into the creation of А 2 В 6 and А 3 В 5 semiconductor lasers doped with Cr 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ and rare earth element ions. Theoretical and experimental studies in this field are usually focused on one type of semiconductor doped with one type of ion. With the appearance of the general theory of ligand structure environment of iron group ions (Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and Fe 2+ ) there is now a way to calculate the full matrix of luminescence parameters of iron group ions for the entire group of А 2 В 6 semiconductors, in addition to conventional research methods. The results of research for Fe 2+ ions in А 2 В 6 semiconductors are presented in this paper.

Objectives: Iron and multivitamin drops are being frequently prescribed in children less than 2 years of age. Due to their low pH levels, these drops may lead to the softening of enamel and accelerate the destructive process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the enamel microhardness of primary teeth after exposing them to iron and multivitamin drops. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 10 samples each. Samples were exposed to two iron drops of Kharazmi (Iran) and Ironorm (UK) and two multivitamin drops of Shahdarou (Iran) and Eurovit (Germany) for 5 min. The surface microhardness was measured before and after exposure and data processing was done using statistical paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The surface structure of the teeth was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: In all groups, microhardness was decreased, but it was not significant in Eurovit multivitamin group (P = 0.088). The reduction rate in Kharazmi iron group was significant compared to that in other groups (P < 0.005). Hardness reduction percent for Kharazmi iron drop was 28/12 ± 47/43. In SEM analysis, irregular granular appearance was observed in the enamel exposed to Kharazmi iron drop. Conclusion: The results showed that all the studied drugs have the potential to cause erosion; this potential is the most in Kharazmi iron drop and the least in Eurovit multivitamin drops. Therefore, after using these kinds of drops, preventive measures should be used in children.

Tungsten alloy coatings with iron group metals (Ni, Fe, Co) are considered as advanced materials for various surface engineering applications. Such coatings should be resistant to mechanical and corrosive damage, and to have improved functionality and durability. Accordingly, the objectives of this review consist in a comparative study of available literature on corrosive and wear behavior of electrodeposited tungsten alloys with iron group metals, including our recent results on evaluation of electrodeposited Co-W coatings. The wear and corrosion resistance of Ni-W, Fe-W and Co-W strongly depends on the chosen deposition conditions and subsequently on tungsten content and structure of obtained protective coatings. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.36

Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge hull activated carbon (XSA) was prepared and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The ability of XSA as an adsorbent was investigated for the removal of the iron group ions Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentrations of the iron group ions, pH, adsorption temperature, and adsorption time in adsorption studies. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were 241.13 mg/g for Fe(III), 126.05 mg/g for Co(II), and 187.96 mg/g for Ni(II), respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that the adsorption process best fitted the nonlinear pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, and the affinity of the ions for XSA decreased as follows: Fe(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II). Regeneration studies indicated that XSA could be used after several consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles using HNO3. Fourier transform infrared and EDX spectra revealed the chemical adsorption value of XSA as an adsorbent for removing iron group ions from aqueous solutions.

Synopsis Accurate atomic data of the iron group elements are of major importance in astrophysics. In the present work energy spectrum calculations are performed for 332 lowest states for Ni II ion. Energy levels are compared with NIST database recommended values. All computations were done using the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018.

The spectral features of the energy structure of Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+ ions in semiconductor materials ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe and the relation of these structures to the band gap are studied. The feasibility of lasing in these materials in the range of 1.5–3 µm is estimated.

Metal carbide ceramics offer potential as protective coatings for iron-group metals M (Fe, Co, and Ni) because of its favorable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. We present a computational study to evaluate the adhesion of hafnium carbide coatings on iron-group metals substrates based on density functional theory. We consider the Fe(110)/HfC(100), Co(111)/HfC(100), and Ni(111)/HfC(100) interfaces and focus on the magnetism, adhesion, and bonding of C-site and Hf site interfaces. The C-site interfaces have the largest adhesion, forming polar covalent/ionic mixed bonds. The calculations reveal that the work of adhesion increases on passing from iron to nickel (Fe

β Cephei and SPB stars are pulsating stars for which the excitation of modes by the κ mechanism, due to the iron-group opacity peak, seems puzzling. We have first investigated the origins of the differences noticed between OP and OPAL iron and nickel opacity calculations (up to a factor 2), a fact which complicates the interpretation. To accomplish this task, new well-qualified calculations (SCO-RCG, HULLAC and ATOMIC) have been performed and compared to values of these tables, and most of the differences are now well understood. Next, we have exploited a dedicated experiment on chromium, iron and nickel, conducted at the LULI 2000 facilities. We found that, in the case of iron, detailed calculations (OP, ATOMIC and HULLAC) show good agreement, contrary to all of the non-detailed calculations. However, in the case of nickel, OP calculations show large discrepancies with the experiments but also with other codes. Thus, the opacity tables need to be revised in the thermodynamical conditions corresponding to the peak of the iron group. Consequently we study the evolution of this iron peak with changes in stellar mass, age, and metallicity to determine the relevant region where these tables should be revised.

3rd International Conference on Theoretical and Experimental Studies in Nuclear Applications and Technology (TESNAT) -- MAY 10-12, 2017 -- Adana, TURKEY WOS: 000426429000028 Iron group elements (Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) are especially very important because structural material selection in design of fusion-fission reactors is very crucial. Obtained results from the nuclear reactions using structural materials can be used developing for these structural materials some isotopes. For this reason, in this study the cross sections of Sc-45(alpha, n) V-48, Mn-55(alpha, n) Co-58, Fe-54(alpha, n) Ni-57, Co-59(alpha, n) Cu-62, Ni-62(alpha, n) Zn-65 reactions have been calculated at 5-20 MeV energy ranges by using TALYS 1.8 and NON-SMOKER codes. Obtained results were compared experimental data from EXFOR database.

The paper considers the chains of successive electron capture reactions by nuclei of the iron group which take place in the crystal structures of neutron star envelopes. It is shown that as a result of such reactions the daughter nuclei in excited states accumulate within certain layers of neutron star crusts. The phonon model of interactions is proposed between the excited nuclei in the crystalline structure, as well as formation of highly excited nuclear states which emit neutrons and higher energy photons., 11 pages, 1 figure

Radiative transfer studies of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) hold the promise of constraining both the time-dependent density profile of the SN ejecta and its stratification by element abundance which, in turn, may discriminate between different explosion mechanisms and progenitor classes. Here we present a detailed analysis of Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet (UV) and ground-based optical spectra and light curves of the SN Ia SN 2010jn (PTF10ygu). SN 2010jn was discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) 15 days before maximum light, allowing us to secure a time-series of four UV spectra at epochs from -11 to +5 days relative to B-band maximum. The photospheric UV spectra are excellent diagnostics of the iron-group abundances in the outer layers of the ejecta, particularly those at very early times. Using the method of 'Abundance Tomography' we have derived iron-group abundances in SN 2010jn with a precision better than in any previously studied SN Ia. Optimum fits to the data can be obtained if burned material is present even at high velocities, including significant mass fractions of iron-group elements. This is consistent with the slow decline rate (or high 'stretch') of the light curve of SN 2010jn, and consistent with the results of delayed-detonation models. Early-phase UV spectra and detailed time-dependent series of further SNe Ia offer a promising probe of the nature of the SN Ia mechanism., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures (v3: several small updates to content including models; v2: metadata fixed), MNRAS, in press