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In this article, we study a generalized Yosida variational inclusion problem involving multi-valued operator with XOR operation. It is shown that the generalized Yosida variational inclusion problem involving multi-valued operator with XOR operation is equivalent to a fixed point equation. We have proved that the generalized Yosida approximation operator is Lipschitz continuous. Finally, we prove an existence and convergence result for our problem.

The study evaluated the self-instructional materials of M.Ed level of Allama Iqbal Open University, considering eight parameters i.e. introduction, objectives, contents of units and its organizations, format, presentation style, visual materials, individualized learning, examples from daily life, summary at the end of unit and glossary. All over Pakistan 585 students, 70 tutors, 20 Unit writers and 8 Course coordinators constituted the population of the study which was taken as a sample i.e.100% sampling. Data were collected through four questionnaires. The major results of the study portrayed that introduction of units has been written clearly, provides the introductory summary of the course units and each unit objectives are relevant to M.Ed programme. The organization of contents is in a logical sequence and distance education philosophy is incorporated in the format, presentation style of materials. The enough visual materials are included in the content. The materials of distance education of AIOU facilitate individualized learning while the quoted examples in the material are not match with the daily life and local situation of the distance learners. However, there was no summary and glossary of unit.

This study aims to enhance business sustainability in the context of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) by utilizing AI and forecasting techniques. It explores the development and comparison of prediction models, including the use of dashboard development, to support decision-making processes within HEIs. The study covers various aspects, including the background of forecasting and prediction models, the use of specific models such as the Prophet Model, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model, and Polynomial Regression Model, as well as the importance of dashboards for HEIs. The methodology section outlines the data collection and preparation process, model selection, approach, diagrams, functional and non-functional requirements, justification of tools, and libraries and models used. The implementation section delves into the system design and development of the dashboard, including the login page, homepage, forecast page, and insert data page. As for the findings, the LSTM Model has proven to be the most accurate and suitable model to be implemented for forecasting student enrolment data in this study. The dashboard's future enhancements involve adding more faculties, predictive features for resource allocation, refining the visual identity, improving user registration on the login page, and exploring better models for student enrolment predictions. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the application of AI and forecasting techniques in HEIs, aiming to enhance business sustainability and decision-making processes. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the use of technology-enabled AI in higher education institutions, with a focus on forecasting student enrolment data and developing prediction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years many choreographers have focused upon implementation of computer technology to enhance their artistic skills. Computer vision technology presents new methods for learning, instructing, developing, and assessing physical movements as well as provides scope to expand dance resources and rediscover the learning process. This work reviews the study done over AR based learning technologies for the development of inter personal skills. This paper further elaborates the literature done till date within the scope of AR based training for educational aspects. The review focuses on the techniques categorized according to the type of dance learning method which can further be enhanced and addressed by means of novel AR based technology. The authors aim to provide an overview for learning standards based on AR Kinect sensors. In addition the future work is toward exploring the latest version of Kinect V2 for dance training that could become the next futuristic virtual educator.

Performance characteristics and egg quality in layers decline steadily in the last stage of laying owing to maturity which harmfully influences the meta- bolism of the birds. The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000 IU/kg diet) on production parameters of layers were exa- mined. Eight hundred eighty Lohmann egg layers (age of 81 weeks) were allotted randomly into 5 dietary treatments with 4 replication of 44 birds each. The standard ration in the present trial contained 3.25% of calcium contents along with natural vitamin D3 in feed ingredients. The addition of dietary vitamin D3 at all levels substantially (p ≤ .05) improved the rate of laying, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and broken eggs rate compared to the control diet. Besides this, the addition of vitamin D3 at 3000, 3500, and 4000 IU/kg to basal diets enhanced (p ≤ .05) the indexes of shape, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, Haugh unit score, shell thickness, and shell strength than those of control and 2500 IU vitamin D3/kg diets. Increasing vitamin D3 levels from 2500 to 4000 IU/kg diets elevated serum calcium, phosphorus, and VIT-D3 compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of various levels of vitamin D3 (2500--4000 IU/kg diet) in the layer's basal ration at the last production stage might be helpful means to develop the performance of layers, egg worth traits, as well as physiological status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasonic dissection has been suggested as an alternative to monopolar electrocautery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy because it generates less tissue damage and may have a lower incidence of gallbladder perforation. We compared the 2 methods to determine the incidence of gallbladder perforation and its intraoperative consequences. Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial between July 2008 and December 2009 involving adult patients with symptomatic gall stone disease who were eligible for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly assigned before administration of anesthesia to electrocautery or ultrasonic dissection. Both groups were compared for incidence of gallbladder perforation during dissection, bile leak, stones spillage, lens cleaning, duration of surgery and estimation of risk of gallbladder in the presence of complicating factors. Results: We included 60 adult patients in our study. The groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics, symptomatology, comorbidities, previous abdominal surgeries, preoperative ultrasonography findings and intraoperative complications. The overall incidence of gallbladder perforation was 28.3% (40.0% in the electrocautery v. 16.7% in the ultrasonic dissection group, p = 0.045). Bile leak occurred in 40.0% of patients in the electrocautery group and 16.7% of patients in ultrasonic group (p = 0.045). Lens cleaning time (p = 0.015) and duration of surgery (p= 0.001) were longer in the electrocautery than the ultrasonic dissection group. There was no statistical difference in stone spillage between the groups (p= 0.62). Conclusion: Ultrasonic dissection is safe and effective, and it improves the operative course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by reducing the incidence of gallbladder perforation. Contexte : La dissection par ultrasons a ete proposee comme solution de rechange a l'electrocautere monopolaire dans la cholecystectomie laparoscopique parce qu'elle engendre moins de lesions tissulaires et s'accompagnerait d'une incidence moindre de perforations de la vesicule. Nous avons compare les 2 methodes afin de determiner l'incidence des perforations de la vesicule et ses consequences peroperatoires. Methodes : Nous avons realise un essai prospectif randomise et controle entre juillet 2008 et decembre 2009 sur des patients adultes presentant des calculs biliaires symptomatiques et qui etaient admissibles a une cholecystectomie laparoscopique. Avant l'anesthesie, nous avons assigne aleatoirement les patients a une dissection soit par electrocautere, soit par ultrasons. Les 2 groupes ont ete compares sur le plan de l'incidence des perforations peroperatoires de la vesicule, des fuites biliaires, de la perte fortuite des calculs dans la cavite abdominale, du nettoyage des lentilles, de la duree de la chirurgie et de l'estimation du risque associe a l'intervention en presence de facteurs de complication peroperatoires. Resultats : Notre etude a regroupe 60 patients adultes. Les groupes etaient comparables en ce qui a trait aux caracteristiques demographiques, a la symptomatologie, aux comorbidites, aux antecedents de chirurgie abdominale, aux resultats d'examens echographiques preoperatoires et aux complications peroperatoires. L'incidence globale des perforations de la vesicule a ete de 28,3 % (40,0 % dans le groupe traite a l'electrocautere c. 16,7 % dans le groupe traite a la dissection par ultrasons,p = 0,045). Des fuites biliaires sont survenues chez 40,0 % des patients du groupe traite a l'electrocautere et chez 16,7 % des patients traites a la dissection par ultrasons (p = 0,045). Le temps de nettoyage des lentilles (p = 0,015) et la duree de la chirurgie (p = 0,001) ont ete plus longs dans le groupe traite a l'electrocautere que dans le groupe traite a la dissection par ultrasons. On n'a note aucune difference statistique quant a la perte de calculs entre les groupes (p= 0,62). Conclusion : La dissection par ultrasons est securitaire et efficace et elle ameliore le deroulement operatoire de la cholecystectomie laparoscopique en reduisant l'incidence des perforations de la vesicule., Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the 'gold standard' for treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. Gallbladder perforation during dissection from the liver bed with spillage of bile and loss of stones in the [...]

The objective of the study was to predict the future performance of banks based on the contextual information provided in annual reports. The European Central Bank has observed that performance prediction models in earlier studies mainly rely on quantitative financial data, which are insufficient for the comprehensive assessment of banks' performance. There is a need to incorporate the qualitative information along with numerical data for better prediction. In this context, this study employed the attribution theory for understanding the contextual information of behavioral biases of management towards the expected outcomes. The sample consisted of 58 banks of 16 emerging economies, and the period covered from 2007-2015. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed to identify the latent groups of banks within the data. For performance prediction, system GMM was employed, because it helped to deal with the endogeneity and heterogeneity problems. The results of the study were consistent with the attribution theory that management took credit for favorable expected outcomes and distanced from bad outcomes. An important policy implication of the study is that the prevalence of self-attribution bias of management in annual reports provides an additional source of information for the regulators to identify the banks at risks and take preventive measures to avoid the expected cost of failure. It can also help investors, and gives analysts a better tool for a comprehensive analysis of the profitability of prospective investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of 2% Diltiazem ointment with 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment. Place & period: The study was conducted in surgical units, Bahawal Vicotria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 01-01-2016 to 31-12-2016. Material & Method: In this prospective comparative study, 160 patients with anal fissure were equally &randomly divided in two group A (received 2%diltiazem ointment) & group B (received 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment). The ointment had to be applied to anal verge twice daily for 6-8 weeks. Assessment was done at 2nd, 4th & 6th weekends for fissure healing, pain relief & side effects. Results: Complete fissure healing was observed in 80%of patients in group A & 70% in group B (P<0.15). Pain response was good & was fairly similar in both the groups. Headache occurred in 5% in group A & 20% in group B (P<0.002). Mean time taken for healing of fissure in group A was 5.5±0.28 weeks & in group B was 5.8±0.32 weeks (P< 0.237). Recurrence rate was 7.5% in group A & 17.5% in group B. Conclusion: Topical Diltiazem is preferred to topical Glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of acute & chronic fissure, because it is associated with a few side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 2000 Hubbard Classic females and 180 males (male to female ratio 1:11) close to standard body weights were selected and managed separately in the same shed. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of egg size (small, medium and large) at mid (45 weeks) production cycle and flock age (30, 45 and 60 weeks old) on hatching egg weight loss, fertility, hatchability traits, chick weight and chick yield in a commercial Hubbard Classic broiler breeder flock. The results showed that minimum egg weight loss (P≤ 0.05) was recorded in large egg size group at different incubation periods and egg weight losses decreased with advancing the age of breeder hens. Maximum fertility and hatchability (P≤ 0.05) was noticed in small egg size group, followed by medium and large egg size groups. However, maximum embryonic mortality (P≤ 0.05) during incubation and higher percentage of infertile eggs was recorded in large size egg group, followed by medium and small egg size groups. Low fertility, hatchability was recorded (P≤ 0.05) in older hen at the age of 60 weeks. The chick weight and chick length were amplified (P≤ 0.05) with increasing the egg size. However, egg size was not influenced (P≥ 0.05) on chick yield. The chick weight, chick yield and chick length were improved (P≤ 0.05) with advancing age of broiler breeder. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of organic acids as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters because of the fear of antibiotic resistance and the implications for human health. Organic acids and their salts have been used in poultry diets and drinking water for decades and seem to elicit a positive response in growth performance. An important objective of dietary acidification is the inhibition of intestinal bacteria competing with the host for available nutrients, and a reduction of possible toxic bacterial metabolites resulting in the improvement of nutrient digestibility, thereby ameliorating the performance of birds and enhancing the specific and non-specific immunity in poultry. Literature shows that short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids and other organic acids have more or less pronounced antimicrobial activity, depending on both the concentration of the acid and the bacterial species that is exposed to the acid. The possible mechanisms contributing to these effects and the factors thought to explain the variability in these responses are discussed. This paper provides a review of the use of organic acids in the prevention of enteric disease in poultry, the effect on the gastrointestinal tract, nutrient digestibility, immunity and performance of broiler and laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mycorrhizal fungi have been a paramount source of biological agent by which damages inflicted by soil-borne pathogens/microbes can be checked. A pot study was conducted to screen and to select potential arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) var. Pusa Ruby in sandy clay loam soil of Aligarh. Six different AMF were evaluated for their efficacy in term of growth characteristics, nutrient status and mycorrhization. Interaction with AMF species resulted in higher plant growth parameters such as root and shoot biomass and nutrient contents (N, P and K). Measurements of plants, harvested at 20, 40 and 60 days of sampling stages after inoculation showed per cent increase in external and internal colonization, per cent arbuscules in roots and number of chlamydospores per kg rhizosphere soil. Tomato responded to its best to inoculation with Glomus mosseae, followed by G. constrictum, G. fasciculatum, G. aggregatum, Acaulospora scrobiculata and Gigaspora gigantea in terms of plant fresh and dry weight, mycorrhizal colonization, sporulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. Out of the six AM fungi screened, G. mosseae was found to be the most efficacious AM fungi for tomato var. Pusa Ruby which can be used as biofertilizer and potential biocontrol agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CA 19-9 is a carbohydrate antigen related to Lewis A blood group antigen. It is well-known marker for pancreatic carcinoma and is being investigated for other malignancies including carcinoma bladder. We evaluated the role of serum CA 19-9 as a tumor marker and correlated its level with tumor stage and grade. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients with histologically proven urothelial carcinoma were included in this study as case and 25 healthy volunteers as control. Preoperative 5 ml blood sample was collected. Serum level of CA 19-9 was measured using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The value of CA19-9 was expressed in U/ml and 37 U/ml was taken as cut-off upper value of normal. Results: The range of CA19-9 in patients of urothelial carcinoma was 2 to 122 U/ml with a mean of 26.33±29.28, while in control, it was 8.48±5.01 U/ml (P<0.001). The sensitivity of CA19-9 was 29%. Serum CA19-9 was significantly elevated in invasive disease in comparison with superficial disease (47.17±34.43 vs 16.53±20.13) (P<0.001). Significantly high proportion of patients with invasive disease had value =37 U/ml (14/24 [58.3%] vs 8/51 [15.7%]) with P value <0.001. High proportion of high-grade tumor had raised value, 14/34 (41.25%); all patients with metastatic disease had value more than 37 U/ml. Conclusions: Serum CA19-9 is a marker of aggressiveness of urothelial carcinoma and is almost invariably raised in patients with metastatic disease. Thus, it may be used as a prognostic marker but not as a screening tool due to its low sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]