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11. A Manifesto for project management research

Author

Locatelli, Giorgio, Ika, Lavagnon, Drouin, Nathalie, Mueller, Ralf, Huemann, Martina, Söderlund, Jonas, Geraldi, Joana, Clegg, Stewart, Locatelli, Giorgio, Ika, Lavagnon, Drouin, Nathalie, Mueller, Ralf, Huemann, Martina, Söderlund, Jonas, Geraldi, Joana, and Clegg, Stewart

Abstract

Project management research has evolved over the past five decades and is now a mature disciplinary field investigating phenomena of interest to academics, practitioners and policymakers. Studies of projects and project management practices are theoretically rich and scientifically rigorous. They are practically relevant and impactful when addressing the pursuit of operational, tactical and strategic advancements in the world of organisations. We want to broaden the conversation between project management scholars and other scholars from cognate disciplines, particularly business and management, in a true scholarship of integration and cross-fertilisation. This Manifesto invites the latter scholars to join efforts providing a foundation for further creative, theoretical and empirical contributions, including but not limited to tackling grand challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and global poverty. To this end, we identify five theses:Projects are often agents of change and hence fundamental to driving the innovation and change required to tackle grand challenges.Much project management research leverages and challenges theories across disciplines, including business, organisation and management studies, contributing to developing new theories, including those specific to projects and temporary organisations.Projects are useful units of analysis, project management research is ideal for scientific cross-fertilisation and project management scholars welcome academics from other communities to engage in fruitful conversations.As in many other fields of knowledge, the project management research community embraces diversity, welcoming researchers of different genders and various scientific and social backgrounds.Historically rooted in problem-solving and normative studies, project management research has become open to interpretative and emancipatory research, providing opportunities for other business, management and organisational scholars to advance their kn, Funding Agencies|Politecnico di Milano within the CRUI-CARE Agreement

Published
2023
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12. Risk and Uncertainty in the Cost Contingency of Transport Projects: Accommodating Bias or Heuristics, or Both?

Author

Love, Peter E. D., Ika, Lavagnon A., Matthews, Jane, and Fang, Weili

Abstract

Transport projects are regularly subjected to cost misperformance. The contingency set aside to cover any increases in cost due to risk and uncertainty issues is often insufficient. We review approaches that have been used to estimate a cost contingency. We show that some approaches such as reference class forecasting, which underpins the planning fallacy theory, take a biased view to formulate a contingency. Indeed, there is a perception that the risks and uncertainties that form the parts of a cost contingency cannot be accurately assessed using heuristics. The absence of an overarching theory to support the use of heuristics has resulted in them often being downplayed in a project's investment decision-making process. This article fills this void and provides the theoretical backdrop to support the use of heuristics to formulate a cost contingency. We make a clarion call to reconcile the duality of the bias and heuristic approaches, propose a balanced framework for developing a cost contingency, and suggest the use of uplifts to derisk cost estimates is redundant. We hope our advocacy for a balanced approach will stimulate debate and question the legitimacy of uplifts to solely debias cost estimates.

Published
2024
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13. Homo Heuristicus: From Risk Management to Managing Uncertainty in Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects

Author

Love, Peter E. D., Ika, Lavagnon A., and Pinto, Jeffrey K.

Abstract

Large-scale infrastructure projects tend to experience variances between estimated and final costs. Governments, in response, have been using statistical methods (including probabilistic approaches) such as reference class forecasting to try and mitigate cost overruns. While helpful in accommodating risk, such statistical methods often fail to account for a project's cost uncertainty. To reduce cost variance under uncertainty, it is necessary to use heuristics when formulating an infrastructure project's cost contingency. This article argues a need to adopt a vision of human nature described as Homo heuristicus (heuristics-using-person). We provide awareness and rationale for developing an “adaptive toolbox” of heuristics for ecologically rational and contextually aligned cost contingency decision-making. However, the selection, recognition, and evaluation heuristics for determining cost uncertainty have yet to be examined. Thus, future research is required to cultivate the heuristics needed to address the uncertainty that surrounds the determination of a cost contingency.

Published
2024
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19. Large-Scale Transport Infrastructure Project Performance: Generating a Narrative of Context and Meaning

Author

Love, Peter E. D., Ika, Lavagnon A., Matthews, Jane, and Fang, Weili

Abstract

In this article, we go beyond the proverbial appreciation that context matters and provide a deep exploration of how and why it can help make sense of cost deviations in large-scale transport projects (>$500 million). Using abductive inference in combination with a multiple case study approach, the criteria of planning, funding, scope, contract, challenges/issues, and benefits are used to understand and interpret the context and meaning of project cost performance. By comparing two light rail transit systems and conducting an in-depth examination of a road project, this article examines the differences between procurement approaches and worldviews and how they can introduce bias into a project's cost performance outlook. The contributions of this research are threefold as it provides an avenue for a new line of inquiry to help better understand causal inferences, thus contributing to the development of a plausible theory of project cost performance; highlights the ambiguity associated with cost performance assessment and calls for the use of standardized definitions and terminologies so that evidence-based decision surrounding risk and uncertainty can be enacted; and suggests that by engaging in a collaborative benchmarking process of project completion data, the context and meaning of a project's performance can be documented.

Published
2023
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24. Ne jamais sous-estimer les dimensions logistiques associées à un projet : le cas de la stratégie vaccinale contre la Covid-19

Author

Ika, Lavagnon, Paché, Gilles, Centre de Recherche sur le Transport et la Logistique (CRET-LOG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and pache, Gilles

Subjects
Canada, projet, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, logistique, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Covid-19, vaccination, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

There is no doubt that the way in which vaccination has been carried out since the first vaccines against Covid-19 were put on the market at the end of 2020 will constitute a textbook case in the coming years that will be dissected by generations of students in project management and logistics. Indeed, the exceptional scientific feat of developing vaccines with a remarkable immune response in just a few months is indicative of the ups and downs of the vaccine strategy in many countries. The article examines the case of Canada, based on a mode of governance that overlaps decision-making bodies (federal and provincial governments), and which has sorely lacked a coherent action plan. Lessons can be learned to prevent success in a project with failure in health policy., À n’en point douter, la manière dont se déroule la vaccination depuis la mise sur le marché des premiers vaccins contre la Covid-19, fin 2020, constituera dans les prochaines années un cas d’école qui sera disséqué par des générations d’étudiants en gestion de projet et en logistique. En effet, l’exceptionnel exploit scientifique de mettre au point en quelques mois des vaccins à la remarquable réponse immunitaire dénote avec les soubresauts et errements de la stratégie vaccinale dans de nombreux pays. L’article s’intéresse au cas du Canada, fondé sur un mode de gouvernance qui superpose les instances décisionnelles (gouvernement fédéral et gouvernements provinciaux), et qui a manqué cruellement d’un plan d’action cohérent. Des leçons peuvent en être tirées pour éviter que la réussite d’un projet s’accompagne de l’échec en matière de politique sanitaire.

Published
2021

29. Shared leadership, value and risks in large scale transport projects: Re-calibrating procurement policy for post COVID-19

Author

Love, Peter E.D., Ika, Lavagnon, Matthews, Jane, and Fang, Weili

Subjects
Procurement, Economic value, Private participation in infrastructure, Article, Alliance
Abstract

Before the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the Australian Commonwealth and State Governments invested significantly in the upgrade and construction of large-scale transport infrastructure projects (>AU$500 million). However, two trends prevail in Australia. Concessionaires/contractors face a requirement for fixed-price contracts, high levels of risk, and low margins. Concomitantly, an increasing number of projects have experienced significant cost blowouts, with adverse impacts on both the public and private sectors. Calls for the public sector to engage with collaborative procurement approaches to deliver large-scale transport projects, however, have gone unheeded. In this paper, we critically review existing policies and practices used to procure large-scale transport projects and examine the challenges they pose in a post-COVID-19 world. We suggest that the public and private sectors need to work in unison to overcome the significant economic hurdles that COVID-19 presents to the nation's infrastructure demands. We then proffer that governments need to re-calibrate their procurement policies to future-proof their large-scale transport infrastructure projects. To facilitate the process of re-calibration, we develop a theoretical procurement framework for consideration based on the concepts of shared leadership, value creation, and risks. It is envisaged that our procurement framework will provide a platform for engendering economic value and accounting for all-important societal costs and benefits in a world post pandemic.

Published
2020

31. European Professional Football Club Image and Human Capital Management

Author

Paché, Gilles, Ika, Lavagnon, Paché, Gilles, and Ika, Lavagnon

Abstract

Professional football (soccer) in Europe has become avery powerful entertainment industry from an economical pointof view. This article is particularly interested in the privilegedrelationship between football fans and their favorite professionalclub, while the best players do not hesitate to change clubs whenthey can take advantage of better financial conditions. A researchprogram is proposed for future works. It comprises two researchpropositions: (1) fan attachment to a professional football club isbased on an identity process involving collective assimilation ofvalues, myths and symbols; and (2) professional football clubsbenefit from and even encourage the nomadism of their players,and build their image on elements independent from humancapital.

Published
2016

33. Les facteurs clés de succès des projets d'aide au développement

Author

Ika, Lavagnon A. and Ika, Lavagnon A.

Abstract

Cette thèse examine les facteurs clés de succès, les interactions entre eux, et leur relation avec les dimensions du succès des projets d'aide au développement. Elle s'articule autour de trois articles de recherche, l'un conceptuel sur l'expérience des agences d'aide en matière d'identification des facteurs clés de succès (FCS) de leurs projets et les deux autres, empiriques, qui épousent deux perspectives : celle des superviseurs de projet des agences d'aide multilatérale au développement notamment la Banque mondiale et celle des coordonnateurs de projet sur le terrain, en l'occurrence en Afrique. Sur le plan méthodologique, ces travaux adoptent une approche contingente de l'étude des projets et de leur succès; et les données ont été collectées par questionnaire. D'abord, la thèse fait le point sur l'expérience des agences d'aide dans l'identification des critères et des FCS des projets de développement. C'est l'objet du premier article qui s'intitule : « Identification des critères et des facteurs clés de succès des projets dans la documentation des agences d'aide au développement ». (Une toute première version de ce papier a déjà fait l'objet de publication dans la Revue Management & Avenir sous le titre : « Les agences d'aide au développement font-elles assez en matière de formulation des facteurs clés de succès des projets? »). L'objectif spécifique de ce premier article est de mettre en évidence les critères et les FCS que les agences d'aide au développement utilisent, d'analyser l'évolution des critères et des FCS à travers les décennies de développement et de faire un rapprochement entre la gestion de projet et la gestion des projets de développement international. Dans ce premier article, nous présentons les agences d'aide dans leur diversité et dans leur contribution au développement et nous envisageons les projets comme des vecteurs du développement. Ensuite, nous tentons de définir les concepts de résultats de développement, de succès, de critères de suc

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