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Physical and technological principles of formation of clathrate structures for supramolecular electronics are given in this paper. It has been established that supramolecular nature of the “host–guest” conjunction, in general, and hierarchical architecture of the corresponding clathrates, in particular, provide realization of such an extraordinary effect as an optically or a magnetically controlled phenomenon of colossal “negative capacity” with a predicted frequency interval of manifestation, magnitude, and multiplicity. For the first time, the experimental confirmation of the behavior of the electretized fractal clathrate GaSe⟨β-CD⟨FeSO4⟩⟩ as a dissipative element, which accumulates inductive energy, is demonstrated. A general approach for obtaining the generalized transport equations with fractional derivatives by using the Liouville equation with fractional derivatives for a system of classical particles and the Zubarev nonequilibrium statistical operator method within Renyi statistics is presented. N...

Context. The task for electric energy accumulation in non-electrochemical way but by means of electrons and spins was developed on the basis of quantum accumulators and spin capacitors. Synthesized clathrates of 4 folds expanded GaSe matrix with guest component sodium nitrite NaNO2, Iron II Sulfate FeSO4 and combination of them NaNO2⊕FeSO4 are the object of research.Objective. Synthesis of heterostructured nanocomposite materials with large developed interface, anisotropic electric conductance and high values of dielectric permittivity in combination with loss tangent less than 1.Method. The intercalation approach to heterostructured nanocomposite materials formation was proposed. It allows creating developed atomic-molecular complexes of host-guest type and hierarchical structures of subhost-host-guest type. The X-ray diffractometry data show the structural changes in macro composite NaNO2⊕FeSO4 at the transition to the guest nanoscale geometry. With the help of frequency dependence of specific complex impedance the main features of current flow and charge accumulation processes in synthesized nanohybrids and effect of cointercalation were determined. Impedance photo- and magneto- responses show a gigantic photodielectric, magnetoresistive and magnetocapacitive effects at room temperature. These effects open up a new possibilities of theirs application as highly sensitive sensors of constant magnetic and light wave field.Results. Clathrates GaSe , GaSe та GaSe were synthesized. Electric charge accumulation at the interface was determined. The effects of negative photoconductivity and giant magnetoresistance, drastic increase in photo-EMF, giant photodielectric and magnetocapacitive effects were registered at room temperature.Conclusions. Cointercalation of NaNO2⊕FeSO4 modifies the energetic specter of GaSe more than individual intercalation. Synthesized clathrates are promising materials for novel approaches in thechnology of highly sensible sensors of capacitive type for magnetic and light wave field at room temperatures as well as for quantum accumulators and quantum capacitors as a new alternative of chemical power sources

Two-dimensional nanofiber mats based on a mixture of polybenzimidazole with telechelic oligoperoxide are obtained by the method of electrospinning. It is shown that the reactive peroxide groups on the surface of nanofibers can be modified by the initiation of radical polymerization and grafting of various polymeric chains. The phenomenon of “negative” capacitance is detected for the impedance dependences of synthesized nanofibers. The influence of grafting of various polymeric chains to the surface of nanofibers on the polarization characteristics of nanocomposites is investigated. It is shown that some of the obtained structures are characterized by a combination of a low (< 1) tangent of dielectric losses in the infralow-frequency region (0.001–0.1 Hz) and high values of the dielectric permittivity (∼106). The possibilities of application of materials of this kind in the production of quantum batteries are discussed.

A new technological approach to the synthesis of multilayer nanostructures which allows their use in high-performance storage of electrical energy at the nanoscale level is discussed in this paper. In particular, the effect of co-intercalation of histidine (his), water and a solution of KOH into layered semiconductors of GaSe and InSe on the charge accumulation are studied. Based on the data of the cyclic current-voltage characteristics (CVC) a power storage mechanism (capacitive/pseudocapacitive) in each of these structures is described. This mechanism is in a good accord with the results of galvanostatic studies. The simulation of the parameters of the impedance equivalent circuit has been carried out, proving the possibility of using the described structures for nanoelectronics and nanoenergy devices. The observed values of tangent of electrical losses tgδ (

The model of impedance subdiffusion based on the Cattaneo equation in fractional derivatives in applications to multilayer nanostructures is considered. Nyquist diagrams with changes of the parameter (time for which the flow is delayed with respect to the concentration gradient) and the subdiffusion coefficient D are calculated. Розглянуто модель субдифузiйного iмпедансу на основi рiвняння Кеттано у дробових похiдних у застосуваннi до мультишарових наноструктур. Розраховано дiаграми Найквiста iз змiною параметрiв (час, на який потiк затримується вiдносно градiєнта концентрацiї) та субдифузiйного коефiцiєнта D.

The purpose of this work is to expand the class of electrical energy storage devices with non-conjugate functional hybridity. Cyclodextrins of β- and γ-modifications has used as a starting material for research. These materials containing intramolecular voids, which are able to accommodate guest components by molecular recognition on the "lock-key" principle. Methods of precision porometry and impedance spectroscopy has used to study the obtained carbon structures, electrochemical and magnetic measurements has performed to study the obtained carbon structures. Data of the precision porometry has indicated a bimodal porous structure of the synthesized chars. The total specific surface area of active surface of the β-cyclodextrin carbonizate was about 72 m2/g. After KOH-modification, the specific capacity for β-cyclodextrin char was 158 F/g, and in the negative potential range – 203 F/g. The last value for γ-cyclodextrin carbon was 162 F/g. The ability of β-cyclodextrin to molecular recognition of ferrocene (FC) has used and this cavitat has subjected to activation carbonation according to the same modes as β-cyclodextrin. The specific capacity of the obtained char of the β-CD complex after the KOH-modification was 110 F/g, the specific capacity of the cavitate carbon synthesized on γ-CD has dropped twice. The study of complexes host-guest inclusions β-cyclodextrin with molecular iodine has indicated a slight increase of capacity. However, their interface with 30 % aqueous electrolyte solution has shown high photosensitivity. The specific capacitance of the cavitate carbon without KOH-modification has increased four times when it was illuminated with integral and monochromatic light from LEDs of the same intensity. Magnetic studies of the synthesized carbonates have shown that they all demonstrate ferromagnetic properties. Measurement under normal conditions and in a constant magnetic field of cells of symmetric configuration on carbon-based electrodes synthesized with γ-CD and γ-CD has showed that their capacitance practically does not change, but their reactance parameters change significantly. Supercapacitors based on these carbonates can serve as sensors of a weak magnetic field at room temperature. Magnetovarionistors is a new class of devices, which are forming on such kind of supercapacitors.

Molybdenum disulfide is obtained by the template method. Its structure and electrochemical properties are investigated. It was found that the working voltage of the LPS for molybdenum disulfide obtained by template method reaches 3 V, the specific capacitance is 180.9 F/g. It was identified that the electric energy storage device the positive electrode of which is molybdenum disulfide obtained by the template method has the discharge specific capacity of 238.9 F/g at a scan rate of 0.001 V/c.

We performed impedance spectroscopy studies on intercalated multilayer structures of type-layered inorganic semiconductor (gallium selenide and indium selenide)/organic semiconductors (N,N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide), which revealed the appearance of low-frequency inductive response as a result of intercalation of organic semiconductors (OS) into inorganic semiconducting layers. A current–voltage characteristic has the shape of Coulomb steps with a step 0.32 V that are blurred due to superimposition of electric field and illumination. An applied electric field and illumination during the introduction of OS leads to the formation of electrets and photoelectret states that modify polarisation and photoprocesses in accordance with the conductivity type of nonorganic matrix.

We have studied the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the intercalation of lithium, potassium, magnesium, and iodine ions in chemically modified natural bentonite. X-ray diffraction data and thermodynamic analysis indicate that the Li+ intercalation leads to the formation of a continuous series of nonstoichiometric phases, except for a phase transition in the range 0.15 < x < 0.45 (where x is the mole fraction of the guest) and the formation of a new, structurally ordered phase in an almost amorphous matrix at x = 0.6. The K+ intercalation leads to the formation of a continuous series of phases, and the Mg2+ intercalation carries the system to a two-phase state over the entire composition range studied. Iodine can only be intercalated in a narrow range (

Within the framework of the Kronig-Penny model, changes in the electron spectrum of a layered crystal caused by intercalation are analyzed. Special attention is paid to both the geometric changes of the crystal and its energy characteristics during intercalation. The extraordinary behavior of the spectrum caused by the geometric intercalation factor is observed.

Double-matrix hierarchical structure of the 〈molecular-lattice matrix MCM-41〈hydroquinone〉〉 is synthesized. Its use in the cathode process in the Li +-intercalation current generation showed a significant improvement in the structure of the discharge curve and the practical constancy of diffusion coefficient throughout the discharge process. Theoretical model describing the peculiarities of observed characteristics in the structure is presented.

Peculiarities of kinetic characteristics in a supramolecular system, in particular, in a double-matrix structure observed at change of the guest content in a matrix-host are investigated. Results obtained within the framework of a time-independent one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with three barrier potential qualitatively explain experimental data. They indicate the importance of size quantization of a system, correlation between energy and geometric characteristics of both guest and host in this case.