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Purpose: To investigate the percentages and risk factors for visual impairment (VI) across age groups in a highly myopic cohort with a wide range of age (18–93 years). Methods: A total of 2099 eyes (1220 participants) were enrolled. All participants underwent detailed ocular examinations. Myopic maculopathy (MM) was assessed as myopic atrophy maculopathy (MAM), myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) or myopic neovascular maculopathy (MNM) based on the ATN system. Results: Most participants younger than 50 years had normal vision, while the cumulative risk of VI and blindness gradually increased after 50–59 years. The percentage of each type of MM increased nonlinearly with ageing (all p < 0.001), with an accelerated period of increase after 45 years for MAM, and after 50 years for MTM and MNM. Axial length (AL) ≥30 mm was the only associated factor for mild VI or worse in participants aged 18–39 years (p < 0.001). Older age, AL ≥30 mm and the presence of MAM were predictors for mild VI or worse in the group aged 40–49 years (all p < 0.05). In participants aged ≥50 years, older age, female sex, longer AL and increased severity of MM were risk factors for VI and blindness (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The percentages of MM and related VI increased nonlinearly with older age, with a turning point at 45 years for MAM, preceding that of MTM, MNM and VI by 5 years, warranting future longitudinal studies to confirm. Different age groups presented different risk factors for VI. Timely screening should be in place for middle‐aged high myopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deep‐water Niger Delta continental slope is a prolific petroleum province. A key challenge in unlocking the potential of such petroleum provinces is in understanding the internal architecture and associated controlling factors of deep‐water depositional systems. Here, we used high‐resolution 3D seismic data to analyse the development of a submarine system on the midslope of the Niger continental margin: the Bakama Submarine Depositional System (BSDS). Over 18 km down dip, the BSDS evolves from lobes through straight channels to lobes again. The fills of intraslope Minibasin I comprised three overlapping lobe complexes varying in size from 1,200 to 4,000 m in width, 15 to 30 m in thickness, and 8 to 11 km in length. During the development of these three lobe complexes, Minibasin I and adjacent growth faults interacted with a variety of deep‐water depositional process, which directly influenced the sediment distribution on this slope and the evolution of whole BSDS. Downstream of Minibasin I, ten straight, sub‐parallel adjacent channels occurred on a significantly increased slope (from <2° to >3°). They deeply incise the underlying strata and are small in scale, 150 to 200 m in width, 30 to 45 m in depth with aspect ratios of 4 to 5. On a more gentle slope section (<2°) within the linked downslope intraslope basin (Minibasin II), these adjacent channels are replaced by two attached lobe complexes that are some 2,100 to 3,100 m in length, 600 to 1,700 m in width, and 10 to 30 m in thickness. Therefore, it could be concluded that localized slope gradients play an important role in the development of straight channels and their attached lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area and axial elongation on the longitudinal changes in macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in young individuals with myopia., Methods and Analysis: In this longitudinal investigation, 431 eyes-342 categorised as non-high myopia (non-HM) and 89 as HM-were examined for 2 years. Participants were examined with swept-source optical coherence tomography. The macular ChT, PPA area and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ChT changes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to ascertain the predictive capacity of the PPA area and axial elongation for the reduction in macular ChT., Results: Initial measurements revealed that the average macular ChT was 240.35±56.15 µm in the non-HM group and 198.43±50.27 µm in the HM group (p<0.001). It was observed that the HM group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average macular ChT (-7.35±11.70 µm) than the non-HM group (-1.85±16.95 µm, p=0.004). Multivariate regression analysis showed that a greater reduction of ChT was associated with baseline PPA area (β=-26.646, p<0.001) and the change in AL (β=-35.230, p<0.001). The combination of the baseline PPA area with the change in AL was found to be effective in predicting the decrease in macular ChT, with an area under the curve of 0.741 (95% CI 0.694 to 0.787)., Conclusion: Over 2 years, eyes with HM exhibit a more significant decrease in ChT than those without HM. Combining the baseline PPA area with the change in AL could be used to predict the decrease of macular ChT., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)