Author: "Htet, As" / Search Limiters: Full Text - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

3,095 results on '"Htet, As"'

1. Some Insights of Construction of Feature Graph to Learn Pairwise Feature Interactions with Graph Neural Networks

Author: Yamchote, Phaphontee, Win, Saw Nay Htet, Amornbunchornvej, Chainarong, and Noraset, Thanapon
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Machine Learning, 68T07 68T07 68T07, I.2.6
Abstract: Feature interaction is crucial in predictive machine learning models, as it captures the relationships between features that influence model performance. In this work, we focus on pairwise interactions and investigate their importance in constructing feature graphs for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Rather than proposing new methods, we leverage existing GNN models and tools to explore the relationship between feature graph structures and their effectiveness in modeling interactions. Through experiments on synthesized datasets, we uncover that edges between interacting features are important for enabling GNNs to model feature interactions effectively. We also observe that including non-interaction edges can act as noise, degrading model performance. Furthermore, we provide theoretical support for sparse feature graph selection using the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. We prove that feature graphs retaining only necessary interaction edges yield a more efficient and interpretable representation than complete graphs, aligning with Occam's Razor. Our findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for designing feature graphs that improve the performance and interpretability of GNN models., Comment: This is the draft before submitting to any journal
Published: 2025

2. Analytical methods for cytoplasmic streaming in elongated cells

Author: Htet, Pyae Hein and Lauga, Eric
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract: Cytoplasmic streaming, the coherent flow of cytoplasm, plays a critical role in transport and mixing over large scales in eukaryotic cells. In many large cells, this process is driven by active forces at the cell boundary, such as cortical cytoskeletal contractions in Drosophila and C. elegans embryos, or intracellular cargo transport in plant cells. These cytoplasmic flows are approximately Newtonian and governed by the Stokes equations. In this paper, we use lubrication theory - a powerful technique for simplifying the fluid mechanics equations in elongated geometries - to derive a general solution for boundary-driven cytoplasmic flows. We apply this framework to predict cytoplasmic fluid dynamics and cortical stresses in four systems of biological significance: the Drosophila and C. elegans embryos (including pseudocleavage furrow formation), the pollen tube of seed plants, and plant root hair cells. Our results showcase the elegance and accuracy of asymptotic solutions in capturing the complex flows and stress patterns in diverse biological contexts, reinforcing its utility as a robust tool for cellular biophysics., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, to appear in PNAS Nexus
Published: 2025

3. AR Glulam: Accurate Augmented Reality Using Multiple Fiducial Markers for Glulam Fabrication

Author: Kyaw, Alexander Htet, Xu, Arvin, Zivkovic, Sasa, Jahn, Gwyllim, Newnham, Cameron, and Berg, Nick Van Den
Subjects: Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Recent advancements in Augmented Reality (AR) have demonstrated applications in architecture, design, and fabrication. Compared to conventional 2D construction drawings, AR can be used to superimpose contextual instructions, display 3D spatial information and enable on-site engagement. Despite the potential of AR, the widespread adoption of the technology in the industry is limited by its precision. Precision is important for projects requiring strict construction tolerances, design fidelity, and fabrication feedback. For example, the manufacturing of glulam beams requires tolerances of less than 2mm. The goal of this project is to explore the industrial application of using multiple fiducial markers for high-precision AR fabrication. While the method has been validated in lab settings with a precision of 0.97, this paper focuses on fabricating glulam beams in a factory setting with an industry manufacturer, Unalam Factory., Comment: 10 Figures, Project Paper for Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture
Published: 2025

4. Gesture Recognition for Feedback Based Mixed Reality and Robotic Fabrication: A Case Study of the UnLog Tower

Author: Kyaw, Alexander Htet, Spencer, Lawson, Zivkovic, Sasa, and Lok, Leslie
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Mixed Reality (MR) platforms enable users to interact with three-dimensional holographic instructions during the assembly and fabrication of highly custom and parametric architectural constructions without the necessity of two-dimensional drawings. Previous MR fabrication projects have primarily relied on digital menus and custom buttons as the interface for user interaction with the MR environment. Despite this approach being widely adopted, it is limited in its ability to allow for direct human interaction with physical objects to modify fabrication instructions within the MR environment. This research integrates user interactions with physical objects through real-time gesture recognition as input to modify, update or generate new digital information enabling reciprocal stimuli between the physical and the virtual environment. Consequently, the digital environment is generative of the user's provided interaction with physical objects to allow seamless feedback in the fabrication process. This research investigates gesture recognition for feedback-based MR workflows for robotic fabrication, human assembly, and quality control in the construction of the UnLog Tower., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. Published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF) 2023
Published: 2024
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5. Speech to Reality: On-Demand Production using Natural Language, 3D Generative AI, and Discrete Robotic Assembly

Author: Kyaw, Alexander Htet, Jeon, Se Hwan, Smith, Miana, and Gershenfeld, Neil
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: We present a system that transforms speech into physical objects by combining 3D generative Artificial Intelligence with robotic assembly. The system leverages natural language input to make design and manufacturing more accessible, enabling individuals without expertise in 3D modeling or robotic programming to create physical objects. We propose utilizing discrete robotic assembly of lattice-based voxel components to address the challenges of using generative AI outputs in physical production, such as design variability, fabrication speed, structural integrity, and material waste. The system interprets speech to generate 3D objects, discretizes them into voxel components, computes an optimized assembly sequence, and generates a robotic toolpath. The results are demonstrated through the assembly of various objects, ranging from chairs to shelves, which are prompted via speech and realized within 5 minutes using a 6-axis robotic arm., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. An updated version will replace this version. More details at [https://alexanderhtetkyaw.com/speech-to-reality]
Published: 2024

6. Hydrodynamic hovering of swimming bacteria above surfaces

Author: Htet, Pyae Hein, Das, Debasish, and Lauga, Eric
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract: Flagellated bacteria are hydrodynamically attracted to rigid walls, yet past work shows a 'hovering' state where they swim stably at a finite height above surfaces. We use numerics and theory to reveal the physical origin of hovering. Simulations first show that hovering requires an elongated cell body and results from a tilt away from the wall. Theoretical models then identify two essential asymmetries: the response of width-asymmetric cells to active flows created by length-asymmetric cells. A minimal model reconciles near and far-field hydrodynamics, capturing all key features of hovering., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Physical Review Research (2024)
Published: 2024

7. Seeing the Big- to Fine-Grained Picture : Exploring the Baseline Status of Mammal Occupancy Across Myanmar Using Scale-Optimised Modelling

Author: Kyaw, Pyae Phyoe, Cushman, Samuel A., Kaszta, Żaneta, Burnham, Dawn, Zaw, Than, Naing, Hla, Htun, Saw, Moe, Kyaw, Tun, Aung Ye, Myo, Okka, Aung, Zarni, Myo, Khin Myo, Aung, Htet Arkar, Po, Saw Htoo Tha, Po, Saw Ehkhu, Tun, Saw William L., Nay, Saw Hay, and Macdonald, David W.
Published: 2024

8. Artificial intelligence improves risk prediction in cardiovascular disease

Author: Teshale, Achamyeleh Birhanu, Htun, Htet Lin, Vered, Mor, Owen, Alice J., Ryan, Joanne, Tonkin, Andrew, and Freak-Poli, Rosanne
Published: 2024
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9. The nexus between agroforestry landscapes and dietary diversity: insights from Myanmar’s Central Dry Zone

Author: Htet, Khant Sandar, Plieninger, Tobias, and Kmoch, Laura
Published: 2025
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10. Lis1 slows force-induced detachment of cytoplasmic dynein from microtubules.

Author: Kusakci, Emre, Htet, Zaw, Zhao, Yuanchang, Gillies, John, Reck-Peterson, Samara, and Yildiz, Ahmet
Subjects: Cytoplasmic Dyneins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Microtubules, Dyneins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract: Lis1 is a key cofactor for the assembly of active cytoplasmic dynein complexes that transport cargo along microtubules. Lis1 binds to the AAA+ ring and stalk of dynein and slows dynein motility, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Using single-molecule imaging and optical trapping assays, we investigated how Lis1 binding affects the motility and force generation of yeast dynein in vitro. We showed that Lis1 slows motility by binding to the AAA+ ring of dynein, not by serving as a roadblock or tethering dynein to microtubules. Lis1 binding also does not affect force generation, but it induces prolonged stalls and reduces the asymmetry in the force-induced detachment of dynein from microtubules. The mutagenesis of the Lis1-binding sites on the dynein stalk partially recovers this asymmetry but does not restore dynein velocity. These results suggest that Lis1-stalk interaction slows the detachment of dynein from microtubules by interfering with the stalk sliding mechanism.
Published: 2024

11. Genomic sequencing profiles of 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis' in Mandalay region, Myanmar

Author: Phyu, Aye Nyein, Aung, Si Thu, Palittapongarnpim, Prasit, Ko Ko Htet, Kyaw, Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth, Ruangchai, Wuthiwat, Jaemsai, Bharkbhoom, Aung, Htin Lin, Maung, Htet MyatWin, Chaiprasert, Angkana, Pungrassami, Petchawan, and Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi
Published: 2023

12. Polycythemia vera with acute coronary syndrome and bleeding as initial presentation: A case report and literature review

Author: Rabia Iqbal, MBBS, Aemen Shafqat Bazaz, MBBS, Ahmad Taimoor Bajwa, MBBS, Hnin Nadi Linn, MD, Nyan Linn Htet, MD, Sabrin Marowa, MD, and Asmat Ullah, MD
Subjects: Polycythemia vera, Acute coronary syndrome, Myeloproliferative disorders, Thromboembolic events, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood cell mass, leading to a heightened risk for thrombosis and hemorrhage. While thrombotic complications such as stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism are commonly associated with PV, coronary artery syndromes, as the initial presentation, are rare. Here, we present the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with severe chest pain and was diagnosed with non-ST–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). During his hospitalization, the patient experienced spontaneous psoas muscle hemorrhage, which prompted further investigation. Laboratory workup revealed elevated hemoglobin levels and a positive JAK2 V617F mutation, confirming a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. This case highlights the importance of considering myeloproliferative disorders in patients with atypical thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. It emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to optimize patient outcomes.
Published: 2025
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13. Efficacy and safety of echinocandins versus triazoles or amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in paediatric patients: a systematic review

Author: Lu Lu Htet, Lay Nee Wang, and Yi Xin Liew
Subjects: Medicine
Published: 2025
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14. Efficacy and safety of molecular targeted therapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a network meta-analysis

Author: Htet Htet, Jwala Rebacca James Anaghan, Heethal Jaiprakash, Ismail Abdul Sattar Burud, Thiruselvi Subramaniam, Igor Iezhitsa, and Renu Agarwal
Subjects: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Systematic review, Network meta-analysis, Molecular targeted therapy, EGRF, VEGF, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. The majority of the new cases were from Asia and are the leading cause of cancer in China. The main treatment is surgery and radiotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced cases. With the advancement of targeted therapies, the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of targeted therapies in NPC. Methods Databases were searched from inception to Aug 2023, comparing molecular targeted therapies (MTT) with conventional chemotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery. Study screening, data extraction, and data analysis were conducted independently by two investigators. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 1.0 was used for the quality of the studies. Results There was a total of ten eligible studies with 471 participants in the treatment arm and 469 participants in the control arm. Most studies had an unclear risk of bias assessment. Upon network meta-analysis, cetuximab was found to be the most effective regimen for complete response (CR), bevacizumab was found to be the most effective regimen for partial response (PR), nimotuzumab was found to be the most effective regimen for overall survival rate (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Pairwise meta-analysis showed that MTT had a significantly better response than conventional therapies in complete response. GRADE analysis reported low certainty of evidence for CR and very low certainty of evidence for other efficacy outcomes. There was a higher chance of bleeding with MTT and was statistically significant. Conclusion It was observed that targeted therapies were found to be a promising strategy for NPC especially recurrent and/or metastatic NPC, but the most appropriate therapy still needs to be evaluated. Trial registration This study was registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) with a registration number of INPLASY202380024.
Published: 2025
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15. Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among residents in selected townships, Yangon Region, Myanmar: a community-based cross-sectional study

Author: Htun, Ye Minn, Maung, Nyan Lin, Ko, Dwe Kyaw, Htut, Han Myo, Phyo, Min Khant, Aung, Wai Lynn, Zaw, Hein Khant, Min, Aung Kyaw, Kyaw, Aung Phyo, Swe, Thet, Zaw, Kaung Khant, Win, Kyaw Swar Naing, Ko, Khant Ko, Thaw, Khant Min, Aung, Saw Pyae, Aung, Saw Yan, Htun, Soe San, Paing, Soe Htet, Htun, Soe Lin, Naing, Zaw Myo, Htun, Zin Ko, Naung, Htoo, Oo, Htun Htun, Hla, Naing Ye, San, Aung Kyaw, Myat, Hpone Myint, Htet, Phone Shan, Mon, Min Khant, Paing, Ye Myat, Phyo, Wai Lin, Paing, Win Khant, Rein, Thu, Oo, Thit Lwin, Zaw, Thet Paing, Oo, Thet Lynn, Thu, Thint Myat, Aung, Than Toe, Soe, Hein Htet, Soe, Aung Kyaw, Oo, Aung Myint, Aung, Aung, Aung, Pyae Phyo, Kyaw, Htun Aung, Kyaw, Hpone Pji, Soe, Yan Naing Myint, Ko, Myint Myat, Aung, Zin Ko, Aung, Kyaw Thiha, Lwin, Yan Paing Chit, Yan, Wai, Soe, Phyo Tayza, Htet, Zin Linn, Sint, Nay Hein, Aung, Zayar, Winn, Zin Thu, Thu, Kaung Si, Shan, Nyan Htet, Htun, Nyan Sint, Win, Tun Tun, and Tun, Kyaw Myo
Published: 2024
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16. Cortex-driven cytoplasmic flows in elongated cells: fluid mechanics and application to nuclear transport in Drosophila embryos

Author: Htet, Pyae Hein and Lauga, Eric
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract: The Drosophila melanogaster embryo, an elongated multi-nucleated cell, is a classical model system for eukaryotic development and morphogenesis. Recent work has shown that bulk cytoplasmic flows, driven by cortical contractions along the walls of the embryo, enable the uniform spreading of nuclei along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis necessary for proper embryonic development. Here we propose two mathematical models to characterise cytoplasmic flows driven by tangential cortical contractions in elongated cells. Assuming Newtonian fluid flow at low Reynolds number in a spheroidal cell, we first compute the flow field exactly, thereby bypassing the need for numerical computations. We then apply our results to recent experiments on nuclear transport in cell cycles 4-6 of Drosophila embryo development. By fitting the cortical contractions in our model to measurements, we reveal that experimental cortical flows enable near-optimal axial spreading of nuclei. A second mathematical approach, applicable to general elongated cell geometries, exploits a long-wavelength approximation to produce an even simpler solution, with errors below 5% compared to the full model. An application of this long-wavelength result to transport leads to fully analytical solutions for the nuclear concentration that capture the essential physics of the system, including optimal axial spreading of nuclei., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2023

17. Association between serum urate levels and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes among gout patients in Singapore

Author: Moses Yidong Lim, Weixiang Lian, Hwee Pin Phua, Htet Lin Htun, Kok Ooi Kong, Ling Li Foo, Teo Min-Li Claire, and Wei-Yen Lim
Subjects: Epidemiology, Serum urate, Gout, Acute myocardial infarction, Stroke, End-stage renal failure, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Objectives We investigated the longitudinal association between Serum Urate (SU) level and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Stroke, End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) and all-cause mortality. Design We conducted a retrospective hospital-based cohort study of individuals with gout managed in specialist outpatient clinics. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HR and 95% CI, with adjustments for potential confounders. Where the proportional hazard assumption was violated, stratified Cox regression was applied instead. Setting An acute care tertiary hospital in Singapore. Participants Individuals with a first gout diagnosis between 2007–2017, identified through (i) primary discharge diagnosis, (ii) diagnosis from the Rheumatology SOC (iii) patient history of a clinical encounter at the Rheumatology SOC plus use of urate-lowering therapy/colchicine. Main outcome measures All-cause mortality, AMI, Stroke and ESRF ascertained through data linkage with the National Registry of Diseases Office. Results The final cohort comprised 2,866 individuals. Post follow-up, there were 800 deaths and 362, 218 and 191 occurrences of AMI, ESRF and stroke respectively. Compared to the reference (second-lowest) SU quartile, being in the highest SU quartile was associated with a significantly increased hazard for mortality (HR:1.66, 95% CI:1.36–2.03), incident ESRF (HR:3.02, 95% CI:2.00-4.56), and increased hazard for incident AMI (HR:1.42, 95% CI:1.06–1.91). The p-trend for all 3 outcomes was significant. No significant association was found between SU quartile and hazard for incident stroke. Conclusions This study found that individuals with gout managed at SOC who had higher baseline SU levels had an increased hazard for all-cause mortality, ESRF, and AMI. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
Published: 2024
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18. Multigene phylogeny, taxonomy, and potential biological properties of Pseudoroussoella and Neoroussoella species (Roussoellaceae, Dothideomycetes) from Asteraceae weeds in northern Thailand

Author: Zin Hnin Htet, Kevin D. Hyde, Fatimah O. Alotibi, Thilini K. W. Chethana, and Ausana Mapook
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: In our study, dead stems of two Asteraceae species (weeds) were collected from northern Thailand. Both morphology and multigene phylogeny were used to determine the identity of the taxa. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 data revealed two new species Pseudoroussoella bidenticola, and Neoroussoella chromolaenae with one new host record of N. entadae. Preliminary investigation into antibacterial properties revealed that our three isolates inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, we present updated phylogenetic trees for Roussoellaceae, accompanied by detailed descriptions and illustrations of the three identified species.
Published: 2024
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19. Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of tuberculosis patients in accessing care at public-private mix clinics in Myanmar, 2022

Author: Myat Noe Thiri Khaing, Nandi U, Luu Maw, Htet Arkar, Saw Pa Pa Naing, and May Me Thet
Subjects: Tuberculosis, Patient cost, Catastrophic cost, Private health sector, Care seeking, Myanmar, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background The financial burden of tuberculosis (TB) can hinder patients and their families, creating obstacles throughout the care cascade, despite TB prevention and control being provided free of charge. In Myanmar, patients can visit private providers operating under public-private mix (PPM) schemes, where TB services (diagnosis and treatment) are typically offered at no cost. The study focused on quantifying the financial burden faced by TB patients seeking care from Myanmar's PPM providers. Methods This cross-sectional telephone survey included 695 adults seeking TB treatment [drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) and retreatment TB] from various private providers in four states and regions with high TB burden in Myanmar. Telephone interviews were conducted in May and June 2022. Both direct and indirect costs incurred from the patient and their household perspective were valued in 2022 and estimated throughout pre- and post-TB treatment episodes. The TB-affected households were defined as experiencing catastrophic health expenditure if their expenditure due to TB exceeded 20% of their capacity to pay, as recommended by the World Health Organization. All cost data were collected in Myanmar Kyats (MMK) and converted to USD (1 USD = 1850 MMK as of July 20, 2022). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure. Results The findings showed patients made a median of 7 times for clinic visits throughout their treatment, with the median total cost for the entire TB treatment being 53.4 US dollars (USD), including direct medical and testing costs (11.9 USD) and direct non-medical patient expenditure (11.6 USD). Pre-treatment costs were higher compared to post-treatment costs (the intensive phase and continuation phase). During the intensive phase, TB care cost was nearly free, but during the continuation phase, it was a median of 2.6 USD. About 34.5% of patients experienced catastrophic health expenditure due to TB treatment, with expenses exceeding 20% of their capacity to pay. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with a history of hospitalization (aOR = 14.84; P
Published: 2024
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20. SUMOylation of Warts kinase promotes neural stem cell reactivation

Author: Yang Gao, Ye Sing Tan, Jiaen Lin, Liang Yuh Chew, Htet Yamin Aung, Brinda Palliyana, Mahekta R. Gujar, Kun-Yang Lin, Shu Kondo, and Hongyan Wang
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract A delicate balance between neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and proliferation is important for adult neurogenesis and homeostasis. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-dependent post-translational modifications cause rapid and reversible changes in protein functions. However, the role of the SUMO pathway during NSC reactivation and brain development is not established. Here, we show that the key components of the SUMO pathway play an important role in NSC reactivation and brain development in Drosophila. Depletion of SUMO/Smt3 or SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 results in notable defects in NSC reactivation and brain development, while their overexpression leads to premature NSC reactivation. Smt3 protein levels increase with NSC reactivation, which is promoted by the Ser/Thr kinase Akt. Warts/Lats, the core protein kinase of the Hippo pathway, can undergo SUMO- and Ubc9-dependent SUMOylation at Lys766. This modification attenuates Wts phosphorylation by Hippo, leading to the inhibition of the Hippo pathway, and consequently, initiation of NSC reactivation. Moreover, inhibiting Hippo pathway effectively restores the NSC reactivation defects induced by SUMO pathway inhibition. Overall, our study uncovered an important role for the SUMO-Hippo pathway during Drosophila NSC reactivation and brain development.
Published: 2024
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21. Long-term costs of dental care for Thailand preschool children by using a system dynamics model

Author: Songchai Thitasomakul, Sukanya Tianviwat, Tin Htet Oo, and Phongpat Sontamino
Subjects: System dynamics model, Costs, Prevention, Toothbrushing, Fluoride varnish, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Abstract Background A System Dynamics Model (SDM) is a computer simulation to alleviate the problem by comparing strategies and policies. Addressing the costs by using SDM helps in allocating the resources efficiently in managing the strategies. Objective To describe the costs of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of dental caries for 0–5-year-old children by SDM. Methods The SDM was developed to explore the cost of primary and secondary prevention (supervised toothbrushing, STB and fluoride varnish, FV), the treatment cost for caries (tertiary prevention), and the total cost under three scenarios; STB, FV and base case (no intervention). Results When the children aged 5 years, the treatment cost under the base case was the highest at 57.6 million baht while 53.5 million baht in FV and 51.9 million baht in STB. As a total cost, 64.1 million baht under FV, 60.9 million baht under STB, and 57.6 million baht under base case. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the effective rate of STB must be at least 30%, and FV should be a minimum of 50% to ascertain the total cost reduction relative to the base case scenario. Conclusion Caries treatment costs were lower when STB and FV were implemented than in the base case scenario. The overall cost under FV was the highest, followed by STB, with no total cost savings observed as compared to the base case situation. Despite that, carrying out the STB rather than the FV would save a total of 3.2 million baht. Treatment costs under interventions would be lower than expected, and overall cost reductions might be obtained by comparing the base case if the intervention's effective rates are higher, according to sensitivity analysis.
Published: 2024
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22. Telemedicine services through “Telekyanmar online clinics” following the military coup in Myanmar: Clients’ and providers’ satisfaction [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Author: MM Mon, Laxus Tun, HM Soe, PP Kyaw, Kyaw Soe Thant, Yibo Kyaw, and Htet Myat Myint
Subjects: Research Article, Articles, Telemedicine, Clients’ satisfaction, Clinicians' satisfaction, Myanmar, Military coup
Abstract: Background Telekyanmar (Telehealth), one of the telemedicine services in Myanmar, was initiated a few months after the military coup and amidst the onset of the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The program aims to address the urgent requirement for accessible medical services for Myanmar’s vulnerable population. Given the critical importance of both clients’ and providers’ satisfaction in the success of telemedicine services, this study aims to evaluate clients’ and providers’ satisfaction regarding the telehealth services offered by the Telekyanmar project in Myanmar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to September 2023 by utilizing a quantitative research method. Data were collected online through a structured questionnaire. The clients who have received health care services and clinicians who are working at Telekyanmar clinics during the study period were included in the study. Data management and analysis were done by using R software ( https://www.r-project.org/). Results A total of 306 clients and 79 clinicians were included in the assessment. The mean age of the clients and clinicians were 33.2±13.6 years and 35.6±6.8 years, respectively. Over 85% of the clients and 58.2% of clinicians were residing inside the country. Clients’ satisfaction on various aspects of Telekyanmar services were assessed, with the question regarding “health staff respect for privacy” receiving the highest proportion of “good” and “excellent” responses at 96.1%. Regarding overall treatment experience, 96.7% of clients reported being “very satisfied” and “satisfied” with the Telekyanmar services. Overall satisfaction was reported by 88.6% of clinicians. Specifically, over 87% of clinicians reported their satisfaction on “communication with patients”, 79.7% satisfied with “quality of clinical consultation”, and 78.5% satisfied with “treatment prescription”. Conclusions The findings indicated that majority of the clients and clinicians expressed their satisfaction with the Telekyanmar services, which was established to address the healthcare needs of people in Myanmar after the military coup.
Published: 2025
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23. Reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide composite as an electrochemical sensor for acetylcholine detection

Author: Pitiphattharabun, Siraprapa, Auewattanapun, Krittin, Htet, Thura Lin, Thu, Myo Myo, Panomsuwan, Gasidit, Techapiesancharoenkij, Ratchatee, Ohta, Jun, and Jongprateep, Oratai
Published: 2024
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24. Human Muse cells isolated from preterm- and term-umbilical cord delivered therapeutic effects in rat bleomycin-induced lung injury model without immunosuppressant

Author: Win, Kaung Htet Nay, Kushida, Yoshihiro, Yamana, Keiji, Iwatani, Sota, Yoshida, Makiko, Nino, Nanako, Mon, Cho Yee, Ohsaki, Hiroyuki, Kamoshida, Shingo, Fujioka, Kazumichi, Dezawa, Mari, and Nishimura, Noriyuki
Published: 2024
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25. Forecasting relative returns for S&P 500 stocks using machine learning

Author: Htun, Htet Htet, Biehl, Michael, and Petkov, Nicolai
Published: 2024
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26. Human–machine collaboration using gesture recognition in mixed reality and robotic fabrication

Author: Kyaw, Alexander Htet, Spencer, Lawson, and Lok, Leslie
Published: 2024
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27. Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines from breast cancer patients carrying BRCA2 variants

Author: Zhang, Mao, Liu, Wenqiang, Li, Audrey, Htet, Min H, Yu, Rebecca, Telli, Melinda L, and Wu, Joseph C
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Women's Health, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Female, Breast Neoplasms, Genes, BRCA2, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Germ-Line Mutation, Mutation, BRCA2 Protein, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Medical biotechnology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: Germline pathogenic variants in the BRCA2 gene are strongly correlated with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer. Two specific BRCA2 variants, c.8167G>C (p.Asp2723His) and c.1583del (p.Asn528fs), have been identified from individuals with a family history of breast cancer. Here we generated two iPSC lines from breast cancer patients who are heterozygous carriers of these two variants. These iPSCs exhibit pluripotency and demonstrate the capability to differentiate into three germ layers. These iPSC lines represent a valuable resource for personalized pre-clinical research, offering new opportunities to explore the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer and develop targeted therapeutic approaches.
Published: 2023

28. Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trialResearch in context

Author: O. Abani, A. Abbas, F. Abbas, J. Abbas, K. Abbas, M. Abbas, S. Abbasi, H. Abbass, A. Abbott, N. Abdallah, A. Abdelaziz, M. Abdelfattah, B. Abdelqader, A. Abdul, B. Abdul, S. Abdul, A. Abdul Rasheed, A. Abdulakeem, R. Abdul-Kadir, A. Abdullah, A. Abdulmumeen, R. Abdul-Raheem, N. Abdulshukkoor, K. Abdusamad, Y. Abed El Khaleq, M. Abedalla, A. Abeer Ul Amna, L. Abel, K. Abernethy, M. Abeywickrema, C. Abhinaya, A. Abidin, A. Aboaba, A. Aboagye-Odei, C. Aboah, H. Aboelela, H. Abo-Leyah, K. Abouelela, A. Abou-Haggar, M. Abouibrahim, A. Abousamra, M. Abouzaid, M. Abraham, T. Abraham, A. Abraheem, J. Abrams, R. Abrams, H.J. Abu, A. Abu-Arafeh, S.M. Abubacker, A. Abung, Y. Abusamra, Y. Aceampong, A. Achara, D. Acharya, F. Acheampong, P. Acheampong, S. Acheampong, J. Acheson, S. Achieng, A. Acosta, R. Acquah, C. Acton, J. Adabie-Ankrah, P. Adair, A.S. Adam, F. Adam, M. Adam, H. Adamali, M. Adamczyk, C. Adams, D. Adams, K. Adams, L. Adams, N. Adams, R. Adams, T. Adams, L. Adamu-Ikeme, K. Adatia, K. Adcock, L. Addai-Boampong, A. Addo, O. Adeagbo, A. Adebiyi, O. Adedeji, Y. Adegeye, K. Adegoke, V. Adell, S. Adenwalla, F.W. Adeoye, O.A. Adesemoye, E.O. Adewunmi, A. Adeyanju, J. Adeyemi, T. Adeyemo, B. Adhikari, S.A. Adhikari, R. Adhikary, A. Aditya, P. Adjepong, G. Adkins, A. Adnan, M. Adriaanse, J. Aeron-Thomas, D. Affleck, C. Afnan, M. Afridi, P. Afrim, F.A. Afriyie, Z.A. Aftab, A. Afum-Adjei Awuah, M. Agarwal, P.N. Agasiya, R. Agbeko, C. Agbo, S. Aggarwal, A. Aghababaie, L. Aguilar Jimenez, J.A. Agyekum, K. Agyen, E.K. Ahadome, S. Ahamed Sadiq, M.H. Ahammed Nazeer, M. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, B.A.R. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, K. Ahmed, L. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M.C. Ahmed, M.S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, O. Ahmed, R.A. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, S. Ahmed, S.G. Ahmed, S.H. Ahmed, R. Ahmed Ali, B. Ahmed Mohamud, S. Ahmer, A. Ahonia, C. Aidoo, C. Aiken, D. Ail, M. Ainsworth, M. Aissa, L. Aitken, B. Ajay, A. Ajibode, A. Ajmi, N. Akhtar, S. Akili, B. Akinbiyi, O. Akindolie, Y. 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Young, G. Young, L. Young, A. Yousafzar, S. Youssouf, A. Yousuf, H. Yovita, C. Yu, J.S.J. Yuan, N. Yufaniaputri, B. Yung, D. Yusef, S. Yusef, I. Yusuf, A.-S. Zafar, S. Zagalo, S. Zaher, A. Zahoor, M. Zainab, T. Zak, K. Zaki, N. Zakir, K. Zalewska, A. Zamalloa, M. Zaman, S. Zaman, J. Zamikula, L. Zammit, M. Zammit-Mangion, M. Zawadzka, M. Zayed, E. Zebracki, D. Zehnder, L. Zeidan, D. Zeinali, J. Zhang, X. Zhao, D. Zheng, D. Zhu, M. Zia, O. Zibdeh, R. Zill-E-Huma, E.T. Zin, E. Zincone, G. Zindoga, E. Zinkin, V. Zinyemba, C. Zipitis, L. Zitter, A. Zmierczak, G. Zubikarai, A. Zubir, N. Zuhra, R. Zulaikha, S. Zulfikar, C. Zullo, and A. Zuriaga-Alvaro
Subjects: COVID-19, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Mortality, Clinical trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low dose corticosteroids (e.g., 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with clinical hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (the combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, including high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) assessed multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality; secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalisation and (among participants not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline) the composite of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Recruitment closed on 31 March 2024 when funding for the trial ended. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 9 January 2024, 477 COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids vs. usual care alone (of whom 99% received corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 221 (46%) were in Asia, 245 (51%) in the UK and 11 (2%) in Africa. 143 (30%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 86 (35%) of 246 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids vs. 86 (37%) of 231 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 0.87; 95% CI 0.64–1.18; p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (128 [52%] in the higher dose corticosteroids group vs. 120 [52%] in the usual care group; RR 1.04, 0.81–1.33]; p = 0.78). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no clear reduction in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (76 [37%] of 206 vs. 93 [45%] of 205; RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]; p = 0.05). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving ventilatory support, we found no evidence that higher dose corticosteroids reduced the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056), and Wellcome Trust (Grant Ref: 222406/Z/20/Z).
Published: 2025
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29. Developmental dysfunction in a preclinical model of Kcnq2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Author: Miaomiao Mao, Nikola Jancovski, Yafit Kushner, Lucas Teasdale, Phan Truong, Kun Zhou, Samuel Reid, Linghan Jia, Ye Htet Aung, Melody Li, Christopher A. Reid, Sean Byars, Ingrid Scheffer, Steven Petrou, and Snezana Maljevic
Subjects: M-channels, Genetic epilepsy, Mouse model, Neuronal excitability, Developmental dysfunction, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Background: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are rare but severe neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by early-onset seizures often combined with developmental delay, behavioural and cognitive deficits. Treatment for DEEs is currently limited to seizure control and provides no benefits to the patients' developmental and cognitive outcomes. Genetic variants are the most common cause of DEE with KCNQ2 being one of the most frequently identified disease-causing genes. KCNQ2 encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel KV7.2 widely expressed in the central nervous system and critically involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability. In this study, we aimed to characterise a KCNQ2 variant (K556E) found in a female patient with DEE using a heterologous expression system and a knock-in mouse model. Methods: Wild-type KCNQ2 or K556E variant were expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (with or without KCNQ3) and their biophysical properties assessed using patch clamp recordings. We further engineered a new Kcnq2 DEE mouse model (K557E) based on the K556E variant and characterised it using behavioural, electrophysiological, and transcriptome analysis. Results: A mild loss of function was observed only when the mutant channel was co-expressed with KCNQ3 in the heterologous system. The heterozygous knock-in mice showed a reduced survival rate and increased susceptibility to induced seizures. Electrophysiology recordings in brain slices revealed a hyperexcitable phenotype for cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons with retigabine (KV7 channel opener) able to rescue both the increased sensitivity to chemically-induced seizures in vivo and neuronal excitability ex vivo. Whole-brain RNA sequencing revealed numerous differentially expressed genes and biological pathways pointing at dysregulation of early developmental processes. Conclusions: Our study reports on a novel Kcnq2 DEE mouse model recapitulating aspects of the disease phenotype with the electrophysiological and transcriptome analysis providing insights into KCNQ2 DEE mechanisms that can be leveraged for future therapy development.
Published: 2025
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30. Synchronized observation of pressure wave influence on plasma–target interaction using optical wave microphone and high-speed camera

Author: Thuzar Phyo Wai, Nway Htet Htet Myo, Kota Hagiwara, and Fumiaki Mitsugi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Plasma–target interaction of atmospheric pressure plasma jet is one of the considerable things in a very wide range of biomedical applications with the transportation of reactive oxygen species. One of the most important observations on what plasma jets emit is pressure waves, which have been focused on the energic distribution of electric discharges in atmospheric pressure. A unique optical technique called an optical wave microphone works based on the Fraunhofer diffraction of laser for phase objects, and it has successfully detected shockwaves emitted by helium and argon plasma jet at the downstream of the plasma jet in the applied voltage frequency order of kilohertz. In this study, a fibered optical wave microphone and high-speed camera (Photron, FASTCAM SA1.1) were used for a synchronized investigation of pressure wave influence on the movement of fine particles caused by the needle electrode plasma jet. The plasma–target interaction was investigated through the synchronized observation with an optical wave microphone and a high-speed camera in which fine particles were used as the target for the observation of the influence of pressure waves. Experimental results show that the arrival and formation of pressure waves were strongly related to the fine particle movements at the plasma–target interaction.
Published: 2025
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31. Distribution of 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis' lineages and drug resistance in upper Myanmar

Author: Phyu, Aye Nyein, Aung, Si Thu, Palittapongarnpim, Prasit, Htet, Kyaw Ko Ko, Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth, Aung, Htin Lin, Chaiprasert, Angkana, and Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi
Published: 2022

32. Service Interruption in HIV Care Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Myanmar: Results From Analysis of Routine Program Data 2018-2022

Author: Myat Khaing MD, Sein Lwin MD, Naw Paw BA Maths, Zun Htet MD, Lynn Htet MD, Hein Ko MD, and May Thet MD
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Background COVID-19 pandemic disrupted organized HIV screening efforts, HIV testing and management worldwide, and the impact of these disruptions from private HIV care clinics have not been examined in Myanmar. PSI/Myanmar had adapted through partner clinics, Sun Quality Health Clinics (SQH) and Lan Pya Kyel clinics (LPK), with measures like online booking, staff scheduling and awareness campaigns. The purpose of this paper was to describe whether HIV-related services changed before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar. This study aimed to identify factors influencing ART retention and VL testing. Methodology Data from 43 healthcare facilities across 8 regions (2018-2022) was analyzed for HIV indicators, including HIV tests, positive cases, ART retention, viral load (VL) testing, and suppression rates in two channels during different phases. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, both Channel 1 (SQH) and Channel 2 (LPK) showed fluctuations in HIV testing and new positive cases. Channel 1 had 28.2% decrease in testing (37 735 fewer tests) while Channel 2 had 8.1% increase (81 596 tests). However, testing numbers continued to decline. ART retention declined over 12 months compared to 6 months for both channels. Channel 1 had a slight drop in 6-month retention during the crisis (89.3-88.1%) but an increase in 12-month retention after. Channel 2 maintained high 6-month retention rates (>90%) but varied in 12-month rates (from 80.1% to 92.9%). Unsuccessful outcomes were more common at 12 months in both channels (4.7-21.8% in Channel 1; 7.1-19.9% in Channel 2). VL testing at 12 months significantly decreased during the crisis, notably in Channel 2 (81.9-1.3%). However, high rates of VL suppression (>91%) were consistently seen in those tested in both channels before, during, and after COVID-19. Univariable and multivariable cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors influencing ART retention. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done for VL testing. Factors such as residence location, the period of COVID-19, use of second-line ART, and patient demographics (such as age and key population type) influenced both. Specifically, individuals seeking care from Mandalay [aHR = 1.37, P value
Published: 2024
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33. Development of semi-dried goat meat jerky using tenderizers considering the preferences of the elderly

Author: Shine Htet Aung, Md. Altaf Hossain, Ji-Young Park, Young-Sun Choi, and Ki-Chang Nam
Subjects: Swiss chard powder, Tenderizers, Goat meat jerky, Goaty flavor, Elderly people, Dietary supplement, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Elderly people avoid eating red meat and dried meat product due to its texture and stiffness; they deprive them of rich sources of nutrients. In addition, food-related diseases are exponentially increasing due to using synthetic additives in food products. Therefore, this research aimed to develop semi-dried goat meat jerky considering geriatric preferences by using natural tenderizers and nitrate. Four treatments were formulated negative control (NC [synthetic nitrite without tenderizers]), positive control (PC [Swiss chard without tenderizers]), T1 (Swiss chard with pineapple powder), and T2 (Swiss chard with pineapple and tomato powder). T1 and T2 had higher processing yield, and rehydration capacity compared with NC and PC. The fat content of T1 and T2 was lower than the control groups. Moisture was significantly higher in T1, NC, and T2 than in PC (p < 0.05). T2 showed the lowest water activity (0.87), lowest shear force (4.82 kgf), and lowest total plate count (TPC). The lowest pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in T1 and T2. T1 showed the lowest lightness and the maximum redness (p < 0.05) while PC showed the lowest yellowness. During the storage period, moisture and pH decreased, and TPC and TBARS significantly increased whereas water activity is stable regardless of the treatment. The results of the myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed that T1 and T2 more effectively converted protein to polypeptides. In addition, tenderizers positively affected thrombogenicity, atherogenicity, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic indices. T2 observed the highest overall sensory acceptance by reducing goaty flavor. Overall, jerky treated with tenderizers is easily chewable and digestible for the elderly due to its tenderness and essential fatty acids that would be senior-friendly food.
Published: 2024
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34. Physical, optical properties and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: Nanoclusters to nanoparticles formation on glass substrate by in-situ annealing

Author: Kyaw, Htet Htet, Myint, Myo Tay Zar, Al-Harthi, Salim, Sathe, Priyanka, Dobretsov, Sergey, and Al-Abri, Mohammed
Published: 2025
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35. Photo-deposition of AgO thin films on TiO2 substrate for (P-N) hetero-junction applications: Considering the degree of contamination

Author: Nezzal, Hala, Rahmane, Saâd, Temam, Elhachmi Guettaf, Al-Abri, Mohammed, Kyaw, Htet Htet, Gasmi, Brahim, Althamthami, Mohammed, Ben Temam, Hachemi, and Hu, Jinguang
Published: 2025
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36. Fluid mechanics of luminal transport in actively contracting endoplasmic reticulum

Author: Pyae Hein Htet, Edward Avezov, and Eric Lauga
Subjects: endoplasmic reticulum, intracellular transport, networks, fluid dynamics, biological fluid mechanics, organelles, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the largest cellular compartment, harbours the machinery for the biogenesis of secretory proteins and lipids, calcium storage/mobilisation, and detoxification. It is shaped as layered membranous sheets interconnected with a network of tubules extending throughout the cell. Understanding the influence of the ER morphology dynamics on molecular transport may offer clues to rationalising neuro-pathologies caused by ER morphogen mutations. It remains unclear, however, how the ER facilitates its intra-luminal mobility and homogenises its content. It has been recently proposed that intra-luminal transport may be enabled by active contractions of ER tubules. To surmount the barriers to empirical studies of the minuscule spatial and temporal scales relevant to ER nanofluidics, here we exploit the principles of viscous fluid dynamics to generate a theoretical physical model emulating in silico the content motion in actively contracting nanoscopic tubular networks. The computational model reveals the luminal particle speeds, and their impact in facilitating active transport, of the active contractile behaviour of the different ER components along various time–space parameters. The results of the model indicate that reproducing transport with velocities similar to those reported experimentally in single-particle tracking would require unrealistically high values of tubule contraction site length and rate. Considering further nanofluidic scenarios, we show that width contractions of the ER’s flat domains (perinuclear sheets) generate local flows with only a short-range effect on luminal transport. Only contractions of peripheral sheets can reproduce experimental measurements, provided they are able to contract fast enough.
Published: 2024
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37. Enhancing competitiveness of Muslim clothing SMEs through entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation

Author: Dinda Fatmah, Mirhamida Rahmah, Nurul Aslikhah, Htet Paing Soe, and Yusriyah Rahmah
Subjects: product innovation, SME employees, competitive advantage, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, Islamic law, KBP1-4860, Islam, BP1-253
Abstract: Purpose – This study aims to explore the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation, product innovation, and competitive advantage within Muslim clothing SMEs. This study provides insights into how these factors interact and contribute to the overall success of these enterprises. Methodology – This quantitative study explores the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, product innovation, and competitive advantage in the Muslim clothing industry. Using a proportional sample of 103 employees from Muslim clothing SMEs in East Java, data were collected through a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed via multiple regression to assess direct and mediating effects. Findings – The key findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation positively impacts product innovation, indicating that entrepreneurial companies are more innovative. Additionally, EO significantly influences market orientation, making firms more responsive to their market needs. EO enhances competitive advantage, whereas market orientation negatively impacts it, suggesting that excessive focus on the market may hinder differentiation. Conversely, product innovation positively affects a firm’s competitive advantage. The study finds that market orientation does not mediate the relationship between EO and competitive advantage, whereas product innovation does. Implications – These findings provide practical insights for SMEs in the Muslim clothing industry. Companies should cultivate entrepreneurial orientation to boost innovation and competitive advantage, balancing market orientation to avoid stifling differentiation. Originality – This study contributes to the literature by investigating the intricate relationships between EO, market orientation, product innovation, and competitive advantage in Muslim Clothing SMEs, emphasizing the mediating role of product innovation.
Published: 2024
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38. Community engagement to develop a dialogue-drama on adolescent pregnancy in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border: an ethnographic approach to participatory action research

Author: Saw San Soe, Saw Thwe Paw, Mu Lwel Tha Dah, Day Mu Dah, Thae Thae Naing, K Mwee Hser, Solomon Naw, Htet Khaing Lu, Kanjana Winyoorat, Primprapaporn Thongdee, Saw Win Tun, Poe Poe, Rose McGready, Poe Christ, Htee K Poung, Win Win Cho, Hser Nay Wah, Htoo Hser, Saw Phee Do, Paw Bway Shee, Bulakorn Tinoi, Prapatsorn Misa, May Myo Thwin, and Ladda Kajeechiwa
Subjects: participatory action research, karen, burmese, pregnancy, adolescence, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background Communities in which adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care are taboo may benefit from culturally appropriate information, education, and communication. Objective This ethnographic and participatory action research (PAR) elicited community members’ perceptions to adolescent pregnancy: which then informed dialogue-drama development in Burmese and Karen language for undocumented migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Methods PAR was conducted in Karen and Burmese language. Interviews and discussions elicited perceptions of community members about adolescent pregnancy. These were analysed for themes and using the fishbone technique, to determine the objectives for the drama. After developing the structure and content of the drama it was piloted, revised, and performed in communities. Responses and impact of the drama were recorded. The team reflected on the drama as a method for health messaging. Results In 2022, themes of responsibility, communication, and experiences of adolescent pregnancy emerged from 10 interviews and 6 discussions with community members. The fishbone technique established three dramatic objectives, woven into a teenage love story with an unplanned pregnancy, to raise community awareness of i) adolescent pregnancy, ii) contraception, and iii) choice in unexpected pregnancy. Post-drama feedback from 11 migrant communities (1,238 participants) was positive although some community members voiced concerns. Given the logistical challenges of conducting the drama in person, a film will be created for wider dissemination. Conclusions Participatory action research resulted in a culturally-nuanced performance, with communities requesting further performances and awareness on adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care. Video is likely to be a more sustainable option.
Published: 2024
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39. Depressurization-induced production of shale gas in organic-inorganic shale nanopores: A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation

Author: Htet Myet Tun, Sorayot Chinkanjanarot, Sira Srinives, Woranart Jonglertjunya, Nikom Klomkliang, and Poomiwat Phadungbut
Subjects: Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, Methane, Adsorption, Storage, Production, Heat, QC251-338.5
Abstract: Methane gas production from unconventional reservoirs, such as shale formations, is in high demand due to the global energy needs. However, maximizing production remains challenging due to the ultra-tight porosity, heterogeneity, and complex nature of shale rocks under high pressure. To address this issue, we employ a novel kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation to investigate the molecular-level behavior of shale gas in both homogeneous and heterogeneous organic-inorganic shale nanopores. This approach not only provides accurate computations of shale gas under high pressure but also aims to uncover the mechanisms of shale gas storage at reservoir pressure and production during pressure drawdown. Our findings indicate that organic shale ultramicropores (pore width < 0.7 nm) contribute significantly to the highest storage capacity of shale gas but pose challenges for production capacity solely through depressurization. In contrast, the free gas zone is the primary source of shale gas production from mesoporous shales, which has a high recovery efficiency but a low production capacity due to less pronounced interaction effects from the shale surface. The heterogeneous nature of shale surfaces leads to asymmetric distributions of density and potential energy across pore widths, with methane molecules favoring locations near organic pore walls due to stronger attractive interactions, while inorganic pore walls facilitate shale gas migration. Interestingly, the optimal ultramicropore size yields the highest recovery efficiency of shale gas via depressurization, characterized by a transition from near-commensurate to incommensurate molecular packing between reservoir and post-drawdown pressures. Based on these detailed molecular simulations, further research is necessary to develop innovative techniques for enhancing shale gas recovery, especially in micropores.
Published: 2024
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40. Characteristics and treatment outcomes of malnutrition among infants aged less than 6 months in North–East Nigeria (2019–2022)

Author: Nieves Amat Camacho, Faisal Husain, Dang Bahya‐Batinda, Eithandee Aung, Abdullahi Chara, Musa Tanko, Oluwakemi F. Ogundipe, Mario Barbagallo, Kyi Htet Aung, Johan von Schreeb, Francesco Della Corte, Ourania Kolokotroni, and Temmy Sunyoto
Subjects: ambulatory care, hospitalization, humanitarian assistance, infant malnutrition, Nigeria, severe acute malnutrition, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Abstract Recommendations for the management of malnutrition among infants aged less than 6 months (
Published: 2024
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41. Generation of Marfan syndrome-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harboring FBN1 mutations

Author: Francesca Vacante, Ravichandra Venkateshappa, Min Htet, Christopher Yan, and Joseph C. Wu
Subjects: Marfan syndrome (MFS), FBN1, Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary condition caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene. Genetic mutations in the FBN1 locus impact the function of the encoded protein, Fibrillin 1, a structural molecule forming microfibrils found in the connective tissue. MFS patients develop severe cardiovascular complications including thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, which predispose them to an enhanced risk of premature death. Here, we generated two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines harboring mutations in the FBN1 gene (p.C1942C>A and c.1954 T>C), directly derived from MFS patients. We have shown that both iPSC lines displayed expression of pluripotency markers, normal karyotype and ability of trilineage differentiation, representing a valuable tool for the identification of new therapeutic strategies for intervening in this disease.
Published: 2024
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42. IC-IE-AKS-O: an automatic recognition method for coastal slope landslide areas

Author: Peng Li, Weipeng Li, Dahai Liu, Chun Chen, Tianhui Fan, Renguo Gu, Ario Damar, Min Han Htet, and Zhen Lin
Subjects: landslide, image information enhancement, k-means, hsv, average relative error, Science
Abstract: Automatically and accurately identifying the deformation zone of coastal slope landslides is crucial for exploring the mechanism of landslides and predicting landslide disasters. To this end, this study proposes an integrated automatic recognition method combining Image Clipping (IC), Image Information Enhancement (IE), Adaptive K-means Clustering Segmentation (AKS), and Optimization (O): IC-IE-AKS-O, which achieves precise extraction of the deformation area in coastal slope landslide images. Firstly, due to the more complex natural environment of field slopes, to extend the monitoring duration, we introduce a hierarchical operation algorithm based on the HSV color model, which effectively mitigates the impact of sunlight, rain, and foggy weather on image recognition accuracy. Secondly, this study proposes a 2D landslide image segmentation technique that combines K-means clustering with global threshold segmentation for landslide images, enabling the segmentation of small image regions with precision. Finally, we combine image information enhancement technology with image segmentation technology. To verify its effectiveness, we identify a landslide image of a coastal slope in Pingtan. The method displays an average relative error of 5.20% and 5.14% in the X and Y directions, respectively. Its advantages are threefold: (1) The combination of image information enhancement and segmentation techniques can more accurately identify landslide areas that appear blurred in the image; (2) expanding the temporal dimension of coastal slope monitoring; (3) providing excellent boundary conditions and segmentation results. The practical application of this method ensures the stable and accurate operation of the coastal slope monitoring system, providing a safeguard for the sustainable development of marine safety.
Published: 2024
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43. Milk metabolite composition of a semi-captive population of Asian elephants

Author: Laura Galante, Diogo João Franco dos Santos, Elisabeth Mikkonen, Jeannie Horak, Zorica Stijepic, Hans Demmelmair, Andrea Vielhauer, Berthold Koletzko, Htet Thi Zaw, Win Htut, Virpi Lummaa, and Mirkka Lahdenperä
Subjects: Elephas maximus, milk composition, milk metabolome, lactation physiology, animal nutrition, Science
Abstract: Lack of maternal milk commonly leads to Asian elephant calves’ death in captivity. Currently, available supplements seem inefficient. Hence, we aimed at characterizing the composition of Asian elephant milk to provide information on calves’ nutritional needs. Seventy milk samples from 22 Asian elephants living in semi-captivity in their natural environment in Myanmar were collected. Samples were analysed through various techniques including liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and bicinchoninic acid assay to determine total protein content and various metabolites. Associations with lactation stage (months postpartum) were investigated through repeated measure mixed models. We identified 160 compounds: 22 amino acids, 12 organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, 27 fatty acids, 15 acyl-carnitines and 84 phospholipids. The milk contained substantial amounts of free glutamate (median: 1727.9, interquartile range (IQR): 1278.4 µmol l−1) and free glycine (2541.7, IQR: 1704.1 µmol l−1). The fatty acid profile was mostly constituted by saturated fatty acids, particularly capric acid (40.1, IQR: 67.3 g l−1). Milk samples also contained high amounts of carnitines, phospholipids and organic acids. The wide array of metabolites identified and quantified, some of which present high concentrations in the milk from this species as opposed to other species, suggests underpinning physiological functions that might be crucial for the survival of Asian elephant calves.
Published: 2024
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44. Multifunctional metal oxides synthesized via a solvo-hydrothermal process for photocatalytic degradation of organic dye and bacteria in wastewater

Author: Mouele, Emile Salomon Massima, Kyaw, Htet Htet, Myint, Myo Tay Zar, Al-Abri, Mohammed, Belushi, Mohammed A.Al, Dobretsov, Sergey, Mukaba, Jean-Luc, Ameh, Alechine Emmanuel, Petrik, Leslie F., Muya, Francis Ntumba, Bladergroen, Bernard, Ebomah, Kingsley Ehi, Ojemaye, Mike, Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyi, and Okoh, Omobola O.
Published: 2025
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45. Impact performance of fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with steel-FRP composite bars

Author: Huang, Zhijie, So, Cek Sem, Chen, Wensu, Htet, Paing Min, Li, Danqi, and Hao, Hong
Published: 2025
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46. Association of systemic vitamin D on the course of dengue virus infection in adults: a single-centre dengue cohort study at a large institution in Singapore

Author: Sapna P Sadarangani, Htet Lin Htun, Weiping Ling, Robert Hawkins, Tsin Wen Yeo, Laura Rivino, Paul A MacAry, and Yee-Sin Leo
Subjects: 25-hydroxyvitamin d, dengue, severe dengue, vitamin d, Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: Host immune responses may impact dengue severity in adults. Vitamin D has multiple immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Methods: We evaluated the association between systemic 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] and dengue disease severity in adults. We measured plasma for total 25-(OH) D levels with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using stored samples from participants with laboratory-confirmed dengue, who were prospectively enrolled in 2012–2016 at our institution. Results: A total of 80 participants (median age 43 years) were enrolled in the study. Six participants had severe dengue based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 1997 criteria (i.e. dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome) and another six had severe dengue based on the WHO 2009 criteria. Median 25-(OH) D at the acute phase of dengue was 6.175 (interquartile range 3.82–8.21, range 3.00–15.29) mcg/L in all participants. The 25-(OH) D showed an inverse linear trend with severe dengue manifestations based on the WHO 2009 criteria (adjusted risk ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.91, P < 0.01) after adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity. Conclusion: Limited studies have evaluated the role of systemic 25-(OH) D on dengue severity. Our study found low systemic 25-(OH) D was associated with increased dengue disease severity, particularly for severe bleeding that was not explained by thrombocytopenia. Further studies investigating the underlying immune mechanisms and effects on the vascular endothelium are needed.
Published: 2024
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47. Understanding the transition of community land use from shifting cultivation to cash cropping in southern Tanintharyi, Myanmar

Author: Khin Htet Htet Pyone, Ramiro Daniel Crego, Saw San Ngwe, Saw Di Win, Katherine LaJeunesse Connette, Melissa Songer, and Grant M. Connette
Subjects: areca nut, betel nut, cash crop, land cover, land use, regime shift, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Many tropical landscapes have experienced the loss of traditional cultivation practices as they have transitioned to other land use systems. The Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar is a landscape experiencing a rapid land use regime shift from traditional subsistence farming to permanent cash crop agriculture. Despite previous research in this region on the expansion of large‐scale agribusiness, such as oil palm and rubber plantations, little is known about how the small‐scale shifting cultivation system practiced by the local Karen ethnic people in Tanintharyi has changed over recent decades or the underlying reasons for this transition. Our study explores this transition process and its drivers from a social and land system change perspective in four villages of Bokpyin Township in Tanintharyi. We investigated the drivers of land cover and land use change by collecting information through focus groups and individual interviews with community members who previously practised shifting cultivation. We also quantified the overall change in land cover and land use through remote sensing analysis of Landsat 8 (2020) and declassified KH‐9 satellite imagery (1976). Prior to a period of civil war in the 1980s, cultivators used a traditional ‘slash‐and‐burn’ agricultural system for subsistence use. The present land use system is dominated by permanent betel nut cultivation, which represents the primary income source for farming households. The reported drivers of the transition to cash crop farming are greater income potential and livelihood security, risk of losing fallow land due to the needs for new cultivation areas for in‐migration and new centralized land use policies and administration after the national ceasefire agreement in 2012. The documented change in land use systems has been paired with a concurrent net loss of forest that, given the conflicted governance within the landscape, seems likely to continue without additional land use planning efforts. Our study contributes to an increased understanding of changes in shifting cultivation systems that are being documented globally. Furthermore, our example of combining qualitative interviews with analysis of historical satellite imagery to detect and explain land use regime shifts can serve as a model for future work in different landscapes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Published: 2024
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48. Effects of gender and slaughter age on physicochemical and quality traits of Korean Hanwoo striploin

Author: Md. Altaf Hossain, Shine Htet Aung, Ji-Young Park, Seon-Ho Kim, Sang-Suk Lee, and Ki-Chang Nam
Subjects: Hanwoo, Gender, Slaughter age, Quality traits, Striploin, Fatty acid, Metabolites, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Hanwoo beef is in high demand because of its unique flavor, freshness, and high-fat content. However, the longer rearing period required to enhance marbling in Hanwoo cattle has adverse environmental consequences, such as greenhouse gas emissions and overall rearing costs. To address consumer preferences for leaner and healthier meat, the Korean meat industry has recently introduced Hanwoo heifer meat as an alternative source, but its quality traits are still unclear. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of research exploring the impact of Hanwoo gender (steer, heifer, and cow) and their corresponding slaughter ages on meat quality traits. This study looked into how gender affected the physicochemical and qualitative features of Hanwoo striploin at their respective slaughter ages. Results revealed that cow striploin has higher levels of moisture (66.81%) and protein (20.76%), whereas it contains lower levels of fat (10.66%) and cholesterol (34.66 mg/100 g). Regarding the physicochemical properties, cow striploin exhibited significantly lower shear force, color indexes, and soluble collagen (p < 0.05). However, chondroitin (1.19%) and muscle fiber area (1,545.23 μm2) were significantly higher in steer striploin than in heifer and cow (p < 0.05). Cow striploin exhibited significantly higher levels of oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) while having lower levels of eicosadienoic acid and atherogenic index compared to the other two groups. Cows and heifers had higher concentrations of amino acid metabolites than striploin from steers. Furthermore, bioactive metabolites such as carnitine and carnosine content were found higher in cow and heifer respectively. Overall, Hanwoo cattle gender influences the qualitative attributes of striploin; nevertheless, compared to steer and heifer striploin, cow striploin is a relatively good source of protein, fatty acid content, and metabolites conducive to a healthy diet.
Published: 2024
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49. Validation of a Multi-Channel Ambient Sensor to Measure Vital Signs in Patients Within the Ward and at Home

Author: Seok Ming Lim, Peixuan Li, Sabine Braat, Ye Htet Aung, Susan Fu, Douglas F. Johnson, and Wen Kwang Lim
Subjects: ambient sensor, remote monitoring, patients, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: Hospitalised, unwell patients have vital signs such as heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and temperature measured multiple times a day to detect clinical deterioration and monitor health trajectories. Advancements in contact-free (ambient) sensors (AS) to measure vital signs can help mitigate risks due to skin injury and infection transmission seen in conventional hospital equipment. This prospective, observational clinical study aims to validate vital sign measurements from a multi-channel AS compared to conventional equipment in three cohorts: patients in a hospital ward, patients at home within a Hospital-at-Home service, and healthy volunteers. Data analysis of 571 paired measurements from 29 participants indicates that heart rate measurements via AS were accurate, though they lacked precision, with the clinical agreement range between 6.38 and 6.49 beats per minute. Temperature and oxygen saturation measurements showed less agreement when compared with the reference standard. In conclusion, ambient sensors show promising utility in measuring vital signs, with this study amongst the first of its kind to utilise this in measuring vital signs in hospitalised patient cohorts in both ward and home environments.
Published: 2025
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50. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Surface Temperature, Urban Heat Island, and Potential Heat Stress Risk Areas Assessment for Tropical Inland City and Coastal City in Thailand

Author: Thar Htet Aung, Sakpod Tongleamnak, and Rasamee Suwanwerakamtorn
Subjects: Spatiotemporal patterns, Land surface temperature, Urban heat island, Heat stress risk, Tropical city, Thailand, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: Global warming and rapid urban growth, compounded by the urban heat island (UHI) effect, are posing substantial challenges for urban populations and ecological well-being due to increased heat stress risks. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of land surface temperature (LST), UHI, and potential heat stress risk areas (PHSRA) in two distinct cities, an inland city, Nakhon Ratchasima, and a coastal city, Si Racha, during the summer. Geoinformatics techniques and Crichton’s Risk Triangle method were employed, using updated demographic data and Sentinel-3 data from 2017 to 2022. The findings indicate that the inland city daytime average LST values were higher than in the coastal city, while the opposite was true at nighttime. Additionally, high daytime UHI patterns in the inland city were observed on the outskirts, and nighttime UHI concentrated in the urban center. The coastal city exhibited a strong daytime and nighttime UHI compared to the inland city, with daytime UHI peaking in the inner area and nighttime UHI near the coastline. The PHSRA was categorized into five risk levels (very high: > 0.8, high: 0.8–0.6, moderate: 0.6–0.4, low: 0.4–0.2 and very low: ≤ 0.2). During the daytime the highest risk areas, the high and very high levels of PHSRA in the inland city (23.84%) were greater than those in the coastal city (16.46%). Conversely, at nighttime, the coastal city (16.46%) exhibited higher levels than the inland city (5.26%). In nighttime conditions, all levels of PHSRA occurred more significantly than during the daytime in these cities. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations in PHSRA is vital for pinpointing places at risk of heat stress accidents in summer. This data is a goldmine for city planners and healthcare authorities, helping them plan interventions and effective measures for the future.
Published: 2024
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