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1. The effects of concurrent experimental infections of sheep with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. vitrinus on nematode distributions, numbers and on pathological changes

Author

Roy E.A., Hoste H., and Beveridge I.

Subjects
Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, concurrent infection, pathology, distribution, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Simultaneous infections of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. vitrinus in the small intestine of the sheep were examined by comparing the numbers of worms which established and their distribution within the intestine in both monospecific infections and mixed infections. The results differed depending upon the species and number of parasites. The establishment of T. colubriformis was reduced and the distribution of the nematode population was displaced posteriorly within the intestine when 30,000 larvae of both species were administered, compared with pure infections of T. colubriformis. The reduced establishment was less marked with infections of 15,000 larvae of both species and there was only a slight posterior displacement of T. colubriformis. Neither effect was evident with infections of 7,500 larvae of both species. The rate of establishment and distribution of T. vitrinus were unaffected by the presence of T. colubriformis at all three rates of infection. Atrophy of villi and hypertrophy of crypts occurred at the main site of infection in the anterior duodenum. The severity of villus atrophy was related to the number of infective larvae administered and/or the worm burden. In the ileum, beyond the main site of infection, hypertrophy of villi was only found in sheep receiving the greatest number of infective larvae.

Published
2004
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3. Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: challenges and solutions

Author

European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Danish Council for Independent Research, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, UK Research and Innovation, Martínez Valladares, María [0000-0002-3723-1895], Charlier, J., Bartley, D.J., Sotiraki, S., Martínez Valladares, María, Claerebout, E., Von Sanson-Himmelstjerna, G., Thamsborg, S.M., Hoste, H., Morgan, E.R., Rinaldi, L., European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Danish Council for Independent Research, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, UK Research and Innovation, Martínez Valladares, María [0000-0002-3723-1895], Charlier, J., Bartley, D.J., Sotiraki, S., Martínez Valladares, María, Claerebout, E., Von Sanson-Himmelstjerna, G., Thamsborg, S.M., Hoste, H., Morgan, E.R., and Rinaldi, L.

Abstract

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a growing concern for effective parasite control in farmed ruminants globally. Combatting AR will require intensified and integrated research efforts in the development of innovative diagnostic tests to detect helminth infections and AR, sustainable anthelmintic treatment strategies and the development of complementary control approaches such as vaccination and plant-based control. It will also require a better understanding of socio-economic drivers of anthelmintic treatment decisions, in order to support a behavioural shift and develop targeted communication strategies that promote the uptake of evidence-based sustainable solutions. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in these different fields of research activity related to AR in helminths of livestock ruminants in Europe and beyond. We conclude that in the advent of new challenges and solutions emerging from continuing spread of AR and intensified research efforts, respectively, there is a strong need for transnational multi-actor initiatives. These should involve all key stakeholders to develop indicators of infection and sustainable control, set targets and promote good practices to achieve them.

Published
2022

4. Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants:challenges and solutions

Author

Rollinson, David, Stothard, Russell, Charlier, J., Bartley, D. J., Sotiraki, S., Martinez-Valladares, M., Claerebout, E., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Thamsborg, S. M., Hoste, H., Morgan, E. R., Rinaldi, L., Rollinson, David, Stothard, Russell, Charlier, J., Bartley, D. J., Sotiraki, S., Martinez-Valladares, M., Claerebout, E., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Thamsborg, S. M., Hoste, H., Morgan, E. R., and Rinaldi, L.

Abstract

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a growing concern for effective parasite control in farmed ruminants globally. Combatting AR will require intensified and integrated research efforts in the development of innovative diagnostic tests to detect helminth infections and AR, sustainable anthelmintic treatment strategies and the development of complementary control approaches such as vaccination and plant-based control. It will also require a better understanding of socio-economic drivers of anthelmintic treatment decisions, in order to support a behavioural shift and develop targeted communication strategies that promote the uptake of evidence-based sustainable solutions. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in these different fields of research activity related to AR in helminths of livestock ruminants in Europe and beyond. We conclude that in the advent of new challenges and solutions emerging from continuing spread of AR and intensified research efforts, respectively, there is a strong need for transnational multi-actor initiatives. These should involve all key stakeholders to develop indicators of infection and sustainable control, set targets and promote good practices to achieve them.

Published
2022

6. Anthelmintic effect of Pterogyne nitens (Fabaceae) on eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus: analyses of structure-activity relationships based on phenolic compounds

Author

LIMA, C. S., PEREIRA, M. H., ALEMÁN GAINZA, Y., HOSTE, H., REGASINI, L. O., CHAGAS, A. C. de S., CAROLINE SPRENGEL LIMA, UNESP, MATHEUS HENRIQUE PEREIRA, UNESP, YOUSMEL ALEMÁN GAINZA, CNPq, HERVÉ HOSTE, INRA, LUÍS OCTAVIO REGASINI, UNESP, and ANA CAROLINA DE SOUZA CHAGAS, CPPSE.

Subjects
Anthelmintics, In vitro, Larval development assay (LDA), Egg hatch assay (EHA), Ethanolic extracts, Phenolic compounds
Abstract

Due to high prevalence and large pathogenicity, Haemonchus contortus is the main gastrointestinal nematode in tropical and subtropical regions. This species is responsible for severe economic losses to sheep and goat breeders in Brazil. The control of this parasite is currently compromised, mainly, due to anthelmintic resistance. In the search for natural anthelmintic alternatives, Pterogyne nitens, a native Brazilian tree with potential ethnopharmacological activity, has been identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts and phenolic compounds from P. nitens, as well as two commercial flavonoids (chrysin and morin), to derive the chemical structure and anthelmintic activity. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from leaves (EEL) and fruits (EEFR), as well as natural compounds from P. nitens on H. contortus were evaluated through egg hatch assay (EHA) and larval development assay (LDA). The results showed that all extracts, especially the phenolic compounds were active in the EHA and LDA. The egg hatch inhibitory effects of EEL (EC50 = 316 μg/mL) were more potent than EEFR (EC50 = 512 μg/mL). However, larval development inhibitory effects of EEL (EC50 = 47 μg/mL) and EEFR (EC50 = 35 μg/mL) were similar. Among the compounds, the flavones (sorbifolin, pedalitin, and chrysin) did not have inhibitory effects on egg hatching but presented some activity against larval development of H. contortus. In contrast, the flavonols (quercetin, rutin, and morin) showed high activity in the EHA but were inactive in the LDA. The addition of at hydroxyl group and rutinose group to the flavonoid structure increased the ovicidal and larvicidal activity, respectively. The phenolic acids showed potent anthelmintic activity: caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid had the highest anthelmintic effects, presenting EC50 values of 1.48, 0.56, and 4.93 μg/mL in the EHA; and 31, 22, and 33 μg/mL in the LDA, respectively. These results suggest that P. nitens might be a source of effective alternative compounds to control H. contortus. Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-09T19:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnthelminticEffectPterogyne.pdf: 2114399 bytes, checksum: 4b58f97f5c962fbe31a67c6834d75cdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Published
2021

7. Can we combat anthelmintic resistance in ruminants?

Author

Charlier, Johannes, Sotiraki, S., Rinaldi, Laura, Edwin Claerebout, Morgan, E., Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Kenyon, F., Hoste, H., ICOPA, Rinaldi, L, Sotiraki, S, Claerebout, E, Morgan, E, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G, Kenyon, F, Hoste, H, Charlier, J., World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Charlier, J, Samson-Himmelstjerna, G, Bartley, D, and Hoste, H.

Subjects
Veterinary Sciences
Published
2018

9. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research

Author

Morgan, E.R., Aziz, N.A., Blanchard, A., Charlier, J., Charvet, C., Claerebout, E., Geldhof, P., Greer, A.W., Hertzberg, H., Hodgkinson, J., Hoglund, J., Hoste, H., Kaplan, R.M., Martinez Valladares, M., Mitchell, S., Ploeger, H.W., Rinaldi, L., Samson-Himmelstjerna von, G., Sotiraki, S., Schnyder, M., Skuce, P., Bartley, D., Kenyon, F., Thamsborg, S.M., Rose Vineer, H., de Waal, T., Williams, A.R., van Wyk, J.A., Vercruysse, J., LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, dI&I I&I-4, Morgan, Eric R., Aziz, Nor-Azlina A., Blanchard, Alexandra, Charlier, Johanne, Charvet, Claude, Claerebout, Edwin, Geldhof, Peter, Greer, Andrew W., Hertzberg, Hubertu, Hodgkinson, Jane, Höglund, Johan, Hoste, Hervé, Kaplan, Ray M., Martínez-Valladares, María, Mitchell, Siân, Ploeger, Harm W., Rinaldi, Laura, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg, Sotiraki, Smaragda, Schnyder, Manuela, Skuce, Philip, Bartley, David, Kenyon, Fiona, Thamsborg, Stig M., Vineer, Hannah Rose, de Waal, Theo, Williams, Andrew R., van Wyk, Jan A., Vercruysse, Jozef Pieter Gerard, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, dI&I I&I-4, School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Pancosma Le Grand Saconnex, Kreavet, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Lincoln, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Georgia [USA], Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León [León], Instituto de Ganadería de Montana (IGM), Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre (CVC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Moredun Research Institute [Penicuik, UK] (MRI), Pentlands Science Park, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Bristol [Bristol], School of Biological Sciences [Bristol], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), School of Veterinary Medicine, (Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Faculteit Diergeneeskunde [UGhent, Belgium], The authors credit the EU for funding leading to this work through FP7 STREP GLOWORM. This article is based in part upon work from COST Action COMBAR CA16230, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). MMV is funded by the Spanish 'Ramon y Cajal' Programme, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2015-18368), and ERM and HRV by UK BBSRC grant BB/M003949/1.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/M003949/1, European Project: 288975,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2011-5,GLOWORM(2012), University of Zurich, Morgan, Eric R, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
10078 Institute of Parasitology, 0301 basic medicine, Livestock, nematode, 030231 tropical medicine, 2405 Parasitology, 610 Medicine & health, Context (language use), helminth parasite, Helminthology, trematode, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 600 Technology, Research community, Helminths, research prioritie, Anthelmintic, Helminth, Animals, Sociology, Set (psychology), Anthelmintic resistance, Nematode, Research priorities, Anthelmintics, business.industry, Animal, Research, Helminth parasite, anthelmintic resistance, 2725 Infectious Diseases, Public relations, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, research priorities, 570 Life sciences, biology, Parasitology, Helminthiasis, Animal, business, Trematode
Abstract

19 páginas., An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts., We thank the officers and members of the Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA) for encouraging this initiative and giving space to it in their annual meetings, to the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology for permitting elicitation of questions as part of their 26th biennial conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and to the editors of Trends in Parasitology for commissioning this article. The authors credit the EU for funding leading to this work through FP7 STREP GLOWORM. We gratefully acknowledge Hassan Azaizeh, Sarah Beynon, Jacques Cabaret, Gerald Coles, Tina Alstrup Hansen, Alison Howell, Hamadi Karembe, Alvaro Martinez-Moreno, Francisco A. Rojo, Guillaume Sallé, Jože Starič, Eurion Thomas, and numerous anonymous participants for contributing generously to the exercise with questions and votes. This article is based in part upon work from COST Action COMBAR CA16230, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). MMV is funded by the Spanish “Ramón y Cajal” Programme, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2015-18368), and ERM and HRV by UK BBSRC grant BB/M003949/1.

Published
2019

10. 100 Questions in livestock helminthology research.

Author

LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, dI&I I&I-4, Morgan, E.R., Aziz, N.A., Blanchard, A., Charlier, J., Charvet, C., Claerebout, E., Geldhof, P., Greer, A.W., Hertzberg, H., Hodgkinson, J., Hoglund, J., Hoste, H., Kaplan, R.M., Martinez Valladares, M., Mitchell, S., Ploeger, H.W., Rinaldi, L., Samson-Himmelstjerna von, G., Sotiraki, S., Schnyder, M., Skuce, P., Bartley, D., Kenyon, F., Thamsborg, S.M., Rose Vineer, H., de Waal, T., Williams, A.R., van Wyk, J.A., Vercruysse, J., LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, dI&I I&I-4, Morgan, E.R., Aziz, N.A., Blanchard, A., Charlier, J., Charvet, C., Claerebout, E., Geldhof, P., Greer, A.W., Hertzberg, H., Hodgkinson, J., Hoglund, J., Hoste, H., Kaplan, R.M., Martinez Valladares, M., Mitchell, S., Ploeger, H.W., Rinaldi, L., Samson-Himmelstjerna von, G., Sotiraki, S., Schnyder, M., Skuce, P., Bartley, D., Kenyon, F., Thamsborg, S.M., Rose Vineer, H., de Waal, T., Williams, A.R., van Wyk, J.A., and Vercruysse, J.

Published
2019

12. Mind the gaps in research on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed ruminants and pigs

Author

Charlier, J, Thamsborg, S M, Bartley, D J, Skuce, P J, Kenyon, F, Geurden, T, Hoste, H, Williams, A R, Sotiraki, S, Höglund, J, Chartier, C, Geldhof, P, van Dijk, J, Rinaldi, L, Morgan, E R, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G, Vercruysse, J, Claerebout, E, Charlier, J, Thamsborg, S M, Bartley, D J, Skuce, P J, Kenyon, F, Geurden, T, Hoste, H, Williams, A R, Sotiraki, S, Höglund, J, Chartier, C, Geldhof, P, van Dijk, J, Rinaldi, L, Morgan, E R, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G, Vercruysse, J, and Claerebout, E

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode control has an important role to play in increasing livestock production from a limited natural resource base and to improve animal health and welfare. In this synthetic review, we identify key research priorities for GI nematode control in farmed ruminants and pigs, to support the development of roadmaps and strategic research agendas by governments, industry and policymakers. These priorities were derived from the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for nematodes and follow-up discussions within the recently formed Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA). In the face of ongoing spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), we are increasingly faced with a failure of existing control methods against GI nematodes. Effective vaccines against GI nematodes are generally not available, and anthelmintic treatment will therefore remain a cornerstone for their effective control. At the same time, consumers and producers are increasingly concerned with environmental issues associated with chemical parasite control. To address current challenges in GI nematode control, it is crucial to deepen our insights into diverse aspects of epidemiology, AR, host immune mechanisms and the socio-psychological aspects of nematode control. This will enhance the development, and subsequent uptake, of the new diagnostics, vaccines, pharma-/nutraceuticals, control methods and decision support tools required to respond to the spread of AR and the shifting epidemiology of GI nematodes in response to climatic, land-use and farm husbandry changes. More emphasis needs to be placed on the upfront evaluation of the economic value of these innovations as well as the socio-psychological aspects to prioritize research and facilitate uptake of innovations in practice. Finally, targeted regulatory guidance is needed to create an innovation-supportive environment for industries and to accelerate the access to market of new control tools.

Published
2018

14. The in vitro anthelmintic properties of browse plant species against Haemonchus contortus is determined by the polyphenol content and composition

Author

Mengistu, G., Hoste, H., Karonen, M., Salminen, J. P., Hendriks, W. H., Pellikaan, W. F., Mengistu, G., Hoste, H., Karonen, M., Salminen, J. P., Hendriks, W. H., and Pellikaan, W. F.

Abstract

The aims of the present study were to (a) evaluate the anthelmintic activity of 10 East African browse plant extracts, (b) examine their role in inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval exsheathment, (c) establish relationship between inhibition of larval exsheathment and browse plant extract polyphenol composition. Acetone/water (70/30%) extracts of air dried leaves of Acacia etbaica, Cadaba farinosa, Capparis tomentosa, Dichrostachys cinerea, Dodonaea angustifolia, Euclea racemosa, Maerua angolensis, Maytenus senegalensis, Rhus natalensis and Senna singueana were used. The larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) was applied using H. contortus third stage larvae (L3) and browse plant extract concentrations of 0, 150, 300, 600, 1200????g/ml in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was used to evaluate whether polyphenols were involved in L3 exsheathment inhibition. All browse plant extracts significantly (P???????0.001) inhibited larval exsheathment in a dose dependent manner. The dose required to inhibit 50% of the larvae (EC50) was highest in C. farinosa and lowest in E. racemosa and M. senegalensis. Significant differences (P??

Published
2017

19. Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock

Author

Hoste, H., Torres-Acosta, J. F. J., Sandoval-Castro, C. A., Mueller-Harvey, I., Sotiraki, S., Louvandini, H., Thamsborg, Stig Milan, Terrill, T. H., Hoste, H., Torres-Acosta, J. F. J., Sandoval-Castro, C. A., Mueller-Harvey, I., Sotiraki, S., Louvandini, H., Thamsborg, Stig Milan, and Terrill, T. H.

Abstract

Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) still represent a worldwide major pathological threat associated with the outdoor production of various livestock species. Because of the widespread resistance to synthetic chemical anthelmintics, there is a strong impetus to explore novel approaches for a more integrated management of these infections. The use of nutraceuticals in the control of GINs is one of the alternatives which has been widely studied for 20 years. The objectives of this review are: (i) to define and illustrate the concept of 'nutraceutical' in the context of veterinary parasitology based on data obtained on the most studied models to control GINs in small ruminants, the tannin-containing legumes (Fabaceae); (ii) to illustrate how the 'nutraceutical concept' could be expanded to other plants, other livestock production systems and other GI parasitic diseases, and (iii) to explain how this concept is opening up new research fields for better understanding the interactions between the host, the digestive parasites and the environment.

Published
2015

20. Etude in vitro de l’effet des tanins de Newbouldia laevis et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes sur la migration des larves infestantes de Haemonchus contortus

Author

Olounlade, PA, Hounzangbe-Adote, MS, Azando, EVB, Tam Ha, TB, Brunet, S, Moulis, C, Fabre, N, Fouraste, I, Hoste, H, and Valentin, A

Abstract

Dans le but d’aborder le mécanisme d’action des extraits acétoniques et éthanoliques de Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes (Rutaceae), leur effet inhibiteur a été évalué in vitro sur la migration larvaire de Haemonchus contortus. Le test d’inhibition de la migration larvaire (LMI) a été appliqué sur les larves infestantes (L3), âgées de 2 à 3 mois incubées avec des extraits végétaux à différentes concentrations : 150, 300, 600 et 1200 μg/mL mis ou non en contact avec la polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Un témoin négatif (tampon PBS) a été inclus dans chaque test. L’observation sous microscope et le dénombrement des L3 ayant migré par rapport au nombre total de larves déposées dans l’insert ont permis de calculer le taux de la migration larvaire. Les extraits de Newbouldia laevis et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes inhibent in vitro la migration larvaire de Haemonchus contortus. Cet effet est dose-dépendant (p

Published
2012

21. Effets anthelminthiques in vivo de la poudre de feuilles de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes et de Newbouldia laevis sur les nématodes parasites gastrointestinaux des chevreaux Djallonké

Author

Azando, EVB, Olounlade, AP, Hounzangbe-Adote, MS, and Hoste, H

Abstract

Les effets anthelminthiques de la poudre de feuilles de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes et de Newbouldia laevis ont été évalués in vivo sur Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis et Oesophagostomum columbianum chez les chevreaux Djallonké âgés de 4 à 5 mois. Les doses de 3,2 et 4,8 g/kg poids vif ont été administrées par voie orale pendant trois jours consécutifs. Le taux de réduction de l’excrétion fécale est respectivement passé, entre une et trois semaines après traitement de 55% à 84% pour Z. zanthoxyloïdes et de 82% à 97% pour N. laevis. Les poudres de Z. zanthoxyloïdes et de N. laevis ont significativement (p < 0,05) réduit l’excrétion des oeufs des strongles sans effet-dose mais avec une efficacité plus marquée pour N. laevis. Au bilan parasitaire, les deux plantes se sont montrées efficaces sur la viabilité des vers adultes de H. contortus sans effet-dose pour Z. zanthoxyloïdes mais dose dépendante pour N. laevis. Elles sont sans effets sur le nombre des vers adultes de T. colubriformis et de O. columbianum. Chez H. contortus, la poudre de Z. zanthoxyloïdes a réduit de façon significative (p < 0,05) et sans effet-dose le nombre d’oeufs par ver femelle (prolificité) contrairement à N. laevis.

Published
2011

22. Adaptation of Haemonchus contortus to condensed tannins: can it be possible?

Author

Ja, Calderón-Quintal, Jfj, Torres-Acosta, Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro, Ma, Alonso, Hoste, H., and Aguilar-Caballero, A.

Subjects
Haemonchus contortus, forraje tropical rico en taninos, Veterinaria, inhibición de la migración larvaria
Abstract

"El efecto antihelmíntico (AH) in vitro de los extractos ricos en taninos de Acacia pennatula, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula y Leucaena leucocephala sobre larvas L3 de tres cepas mexicanas de Haemonchus contortus fue evaluado. Extractos acetona/agua fueron obtenidos del follaje de A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum, P. piscipula y L. leucocephala proveniente de la vegetación de Yucatán, México. Concentraciones crecientes de extractos liofilizados (300, 600, 1.200, 1.800 and 2.400 mg/ml PBS) fueron empleados para evaluar el efecto AH utilizando la prueba de inhibición de la migración larvaria (LMI). Se utilizaron tres cepas mexicanas no relacionadas de H. contortus (CENID-INIFAP, UADY y UNAM). El papel de los taninos sobre el efecto AH fue confirmado mediante el uso de polivinil polipirrolidona (PVPP), un inhibidor de taninos. Las cepas de H. contortus mostraron diferente respuesta a los extractos. Unicamente un extracto de planta (L. latisiliquum) mostró efecto sobre la migración larvaria en la cepa de Yucatán (UADY). Dos extractos de plantas (A. pennatula y L. latisiliquum) inhibieron la migración larvaria en la cepa CENID-INIFAP. Mientras que tres extractos tuvieron efecto sobre la cepa UNAM (A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum y P. piscipula). Adicionalmente, la cepa UNAM fue afectada con dosis menores de los extractos en comparación con las cepas CENID-INIFAP y UADY. Los resultados indican que las larvas obtenidas de Yucatán, México, son menos sensibles a los extractos de PRT obtenidos de la misma región sugiriendo una posible adaptación a los taninos."

Published
2010

23. Adaptation of Haemonchus contortus to condensed tannins: can it be possible?

Author

Calderón-Quintal, JA, Torres-Acosta, JFJ, Sandoval-Castro, CA, Alonso, MA, Hoste, H, and Aguilar-Caballero, A

Subjects
larval migration inhibition test, Haemonchus contortus, forraje tropical rico en taninos, tropical tannin rich fodder, inhibición de la migración larvaria
Abstract

The in vitro anthelmintic (AH) effect of Acacia pennatula, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula and Leucaena leucocephala tannin rich extracts on three Mexican strains of Haemonchus contortus L 3 larvae was evaluated. Water/acetone extracts were obtained from the fodder of A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum, P. piscipula and L. leucocephala collected in the vegetation of Yucatan, Mexico. Increasing concentrations of lyophilized extracts (300, 600, 1,200, 1,800 and 2,400 µg/ml PBS) were screened for their in vitro A H effect using the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. Three unrelated H. contortus Mexican strains were used (CENID-INIFAP, UADY and UNAM). The role of tannins on the AH effect was confirmed by means of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), an inhibitor of tannins. The different H. contortus strains showed different responses to the extracts. Only one plant extract (L. latisiliquum) affected the larval migration of the H. contortus strain obtained from Yucatan (UADY). Two plants extracts (A. pennatula and L. latisiliquum) inhibited the larval migration of the CENID-INIFAP strain. Meanwhile, three plant extracts affected larval migration of UNAM strain (A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum, P. piscipula). Furthermore, UNAM strain was affected by extracts at lower doses than CENID-INIFAP and UADY strains. These results indicated that the larvae obtained from Yucatan, Mexico, were less sensitive to extracts of TRP from the same region suggesting a possible adaptation to tannins. El efecto antihelmíntico (AH) in vitro de los extractos ricos en taninos de Acacia pennatula, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula y Leucaena leucocephala sobre larvas L3 de tres cepas mexicanas de Haemonchus contortus fue evaluado. Extractos acetona/agua fueron obtenidos del follaje de A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum, P. piscipula y L. leucocephala proveniente de la vegetación de Yucatán, México. Concentraciones crecientes de extractos liofilizados (300, 600, 1.200, 1.800 and 2.400 mg/ml PBS) fueron empleados para evaluar el efecto AH utilizando la prueba de inhibición de la migración larvaria (LMI). Se utilizaron tres cepas mexicanas no relacionadas de H. contortus (CENID-INIFAP, UADY y UNAM). El papel de los taninos sobre el efecto AH fue confirmado mediante el uso de polivinil polipirrolidona (PVPP), un inhibidor de taninos. Las cepas de H. contortus mostraron diferente respuesta a los extractos. Unicamente un extracto de planta (L. latisiliquum) mostró efecto sobre la migración larvaria en la cepa de Yucatán (UADY). Dos extractos de plantas (A. pennatula y L. latisiliquum) inhibieron la migración larvaria en la cepa CENID-INIFAP. Mientras que tres extractos tuvieron efecto sobre la cepa UNAM (A. pennatula, L. latisiliquum y P. piscipula). Adicionalmente, la cepa UNAM fue afectada con dosis menores de los extractos en comparación con las cepas CENID-INIFAP y UADY. Los resultados indican que las larvas obtenidas de Yucatán, México, son menos sensibles a los extractos de PRT obtenidos de la misma región sugiriendo una posible adaptación a los taninos.

Published
2010

24. Inmunidad contra los nematodos gastrointestinales: la historia caprina

Author

Armando Jacinto Aguilar-Caballero, Torres-Acosta, J. F. J., Cámara Sarmiento, R., Hoste, H., and Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro

Subjects
nematodos gastrointestinales, inmunidad, Cabras, Agrociencias, inmunidad celular
Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el estado del arte de la inmunidad de los caprinos contra los nematodos gastrointestinales. Las bases teóricas de la inmunidad se apoyan en la literatura disponible en rumiantes particularmente en las ovejas. Se presentan los hallazgos sobre la inmunidad innata y adquirida en los caprinos, los mecanismos efectores y los factores que influyen sobre el establecimiento de la respuesta inmune (humoral y celular) publicados en la literatura.

Published
2008

25. Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and faba bean(Vicia faba) on the periparturient rise in ewes infected withgastrointestinal nematodes

Author

Werne, S., Perler, E., Maurer, V., Probst, J.K., Hoste, H., Drewek, A., Heckendorn, F., Werne, S., Perler, E., Maurer, V., Probst, J.K., Hoste, H., Drewek, A., and Heckendorn, F.

Abstract

tPrevious research has demonstrated the potential of tanniniferous feed sources to reducethe faecal egg count (FEC) of sheep and lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes(GIN). The present study investigates the use of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia, cv. Perly)and faba bean seeds (Vicia faba, cv. Scirocco), either as single condensed tannin sources orin combination, to reduce the periparturient rise in the faecal egg count of GIN-infectedewes. Seventy-eight periparturient Red Engadine ewes (PP ewes) and fifteen ewes of thesame breed in early gestation (EG ewes) were used for the study. All animals experiencedan artificial infection with 1500 infectious larvae of Haemonchus contortus 33 days prior tolambing. For a feeding period of 25 days, PP ewes were allocated to four groups that werebalanced with regard to FEC, number of foetuses and age. PP ewes were fed with either (i)a ryegrass-clover forage, C (n = 21); (ii) a sainfoin forage, S (n = 19); (iii) a combined con-densed tannin feed consisting of sainfoin forage and faba bean pellets, SB (n = 19); or (iv)faba bean pellets and ryegrass-clover forage, B (n = 19). The diets of PP ewes were supple-mented with commercial concentrates to balance the protein and energy intake betweengroups. EG ewes were used to determine the dimension of the periparturient rise in groupsi–iv. During the 25 day feeding period, faecal sampling took place every third or fourth day.Individual FECs were expressed per gramme faecal dry matter (FECDM). Compared to thecontrol group (C), the differences in FECDM over the entire feeding period were −54.7% (S),−40.0% (SB), +7.8% (B) and −41% (EG). A mixed model analysis revealed significant differ-ences between the C and S groups (p < 0.001) and between the C and SB groups (p < 0.001)but revealed no difference between the C and B groups (p = 0.766). The mean daily ingestionof condensed tannins in groups S, SB, and B per kg metabolic live weight was 3.50 ± 0.91 g,3.61 ± 0.89 g and 0.43 ± 0.06

Published
2013

26. Non chemical control of helminths in ruminants: Adapting solutions for changing worms in a changing world

Author

Hoste, H., Torres-Acosta, J.F.J., Hoste, H., and Torres-Acosta, J.F.J.

Abstract

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a major threat for ruminant production, health and welfare associated with outdoor breeding. The control of these helminth parasites has relied on the strategic or tactical use of chemical anthelmintic (AH) drugs. However, the expanding development and diffusion of anthelmintic resistance in nematode populations imposes the need to explore and validate novel solutions (or to re-discover old knowledge) for a more sustainable control of GIN. The different solutions refer to three main principles of action. The first one is to limit the contact between the hosts and the infective larvae in the field through grazing management methods. The latter were described since the 1970s and, at present, they benefit from innovations based on computer models. Several biological control agents have also been studied in the last three decades as potential tools to reduce the infective larvae in the field. The second principle aims at improving the host response against GIN infections relying on the genetic selection between or within breeds of sheep or goats, crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible breeds and/or the manipulation of nutrition. These approaches may benefit from a better understanding of the potential underlying mechanisms, in particular in regard of the host immune response against the worms. The third principle is the control of GIN based on non-conventional AH materials (plant or mineral compounds). Worldwide studies show that non conventional AH materials can eliminate worms and/or negatively affect the parasite’s biology. The recent developments and pros and cons concerning these various options are discussed. Last, some results are presented which illustrate how the integration of these different solutions can be efficient and applicable in different systems of production and/or epidemiological conditions. The integration of different control tools seems to be a pre-requisite for the sustainable managemen

Published
2011

27. The influence of nutrition on the periparturient rise in fecal egg counts in dairy goats : Results from a two-year study

Author

Eric ETTER, Chartier, C., Hoste, H., Pors, I., Bouquet, W., Lefrileux, Y., and Borgida, Lp

Subjects
L51 - Physiologie animale : nutrition, L53 - Physiologie animale : reproduction
Abstract

The periparturient relaxation in immunity (PPRI) to nematode infection in ewes is well known and it is associated with a rise in faecal egg counts during the periparturient period. In order to assess an eventual relationship between the PPRI and the nutritional status of periparturient females, a twoyear study was carried out in a dairy goat flock. On year 1, pregnant does were fed at 26 % below their energy (UFl) requirements and 5 % above their protein (PDI) ones during the last 3 weeks before parturition (week 0) and an increase in nematode egg counts occurred from week -2 to week +4 with a predominance of Oesophagostomum larvae in coprocultures. In year 2, two groups of pregnant goats were fed at about 100 % their energy requirements and 28 and 44 % above the protein requirements respectively during the same period. In this latter situation, no nematode egg count increase occurred in any of the two groups of animals, Teladorsagia and Trichostrongylus being the prevalent larval genera in coprocultures. As the study covered two consecutive years, the implication of several factors related to host physiology, parasite epidemiology and host nutrition are discussed.

Published
1999

29. Characterization of acetylcholinesterase secreted by the trichostrongyle nematode parasites of ruminants

Author

MALLET, S, Huby, F, HOSTE, H, and Revues Inra, Import

Subjects
[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, mouton, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, ruminant, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, TRICHOSTRONGYLIDE, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nématode, centrifugation, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, acétylcholinestérase, enzyme, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, parasite, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, centrifugation sur gradient, excrétion sécrétion
Abstract

International audience

Published
1997

32. Recherche en pathologie caprine : applications et perspectives

Author

HOSTE, H., primary, EHRHARDT, N., additional, PARAUD, C., additional, RIEUX, A., additional, MERCIER, P., additional, VALAS, S., additional, ANDREOLETTI, O., additional, CORBIERE, F., additional, SCHELCHER, F., additional, LACROUX, C., additional, De CREMOUX, R., additional, ALVINERIE, M., additional, and CHARTIER, C., additional

Published
2012
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33. Nutritional aspects of bioactive forages for worm control in organic sheep and goats

Author

Edited by: M. Hovi, A. Sundrum, S. Padel, Hoste, H., Athanasiadou, S., Paolini, V., Jackson, F., Coop, R. L., Kyriazakis, I., Barrau, E., Fouraste, I., Valderrábano, J., Uriarte, J., Larsen, M., Mejer, H., Thamsborg, S. M., Edited by: M. Hovi, A. Sundrum, S. Padel, Hoste, H., Athanasiadou, S., Paolini, V., Jackson, F., Coop, R. L., Kyriazakis, I., Barrau, E., Fouraste, I., Valderrábano, J., Uriarte, J., Larsen, M., Mejer, H., and Thamsborg, S. M.

Published
2004

34. Nutritional aspects of bioactive forages for worm control in organic sheep and goats

Author

Hoste, H., Athanasiadou, S., Paolini, V., Jackson, F., Coop, R. L., Kyriazakis, I., Barrau, E., Fouraste, I., Valderrabano, J., Uriarte, J., Larsen, M., Mejer, H., Thamsborg, S. M., Hoste, H., Athanasiadou, S., Paolini, V., Jackson, F., Coop, R. L., Kyriazakis, I., Barrau, E., Fouraste, I., Valderrabano, J., Uriarte, J., Larsen, M., Mejer, H., and Thamsborg, S. M.

Published
2004

35. Analyse de la région ITS-2 de l'ADN ribosomique au sein du genre Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

Author

Gasser, Rb, Chilton, Nb, Hoste, H, Mallet, S, Beveridge, I, Station de Pathologie aviaire et parasitologie [Nouzilly] (PAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Revues Inra, Import

Subjects
[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, génétique moléculaire, diagnostic, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, ruminant, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, variation interspécifique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nématode, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, adn ribosomique, variation intraspécifique, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, parasite, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, trichostrongylus
Abstract

International audience

Published
1994

42. The effects of concurrent experimental infections of sheep with Trichostrongylus colubriformisand T. vitrinuson nematode distributions, numbers and on pathological changes

Author

Roy, E.A., Hoste, H., Beveridge, I., Roy, E.A., Hoste, H., and Beveridge, I.

Abstract

Simultaneous infections of Trichostrongylus colubriformisand T. vitrinusin the small intestine of the sheep were examined by comparing the numbers of worms which established and their distribution within the intestine in both monospecific infections and mixed infections. The results differed depending upon the species and number of parasites. The establishment of T. colubriformiswas reduced and the distribution of the nematode population was displaced posteriorly within the intestine when 30,000 larvae of both species were administered, compared with pure infections of T. colubriformis. The reduced establishment was less marked with infections of 15,000 larvae of both species and there was only a slight posterior displacement of T. colubriformis. Neither effect was evident with infections of 7,500 larvae of both species. The rate of establishment and distribution of T. vitrinuswere unaffected by the presence of T. colubriformisat all three rates of infection. Atrophy of villi and hypertrophy of crypts occurred at the main site of infection in the anterior duodenum. The severity of villus atrophy was related to the number of infective larvae administered and/or the worm burden. In the ileum, beyond the main site of infection, hypertrophy of villi was only found in sheep receiving the greatest number of infective larvae.

Published
2004
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44. Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Author

Hoste Hervé, Meza-OCampos Griselda, Marchand Sarah, Sotiraki Smaragda, Sarasti Katerina, Blomstrand Berit M., Williams Andrew R., Thamsborg Stig M., Athanasiadou Spiridoula, Enemark Heidi L., Torres Acosta Juan Felipe, Mancilla-Montelongo Gabriella, Castro Carlos Sandoval, Costa-Junior Livio M., Louvandini Helder, Sousa Dauana Mesquita, Salminen Juha-Pekka, Karonen Maarit, Engstrom Marika, Charlier Johannes, Niderkorn Vincent, and Morgan Eric R.

Subjects
plant secondary metabolites, plant specialised metabolites, tannins, anthelmintic resistance, gastrointestinal nematodes, circular economy, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the “proof of concept” for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use.

Published
2022
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45. In vitro RUMEN FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS, METHANE PRODUCTION AND RUMEN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF TWO MAJOR Acacia SPECIES USED IN SAHELIAN REGION OF BURKINA FASO

Author

Zabré Geneviève, Kabore Adama, Bayala Balé, Corrêa Spoto Patricia, Lemos Nascimento Leando, Niderkorn Vincent, Tamboura Hamadou Hamidou, Hoste Hervé, Louvandini Helder, and Abdalla Luiz Adibe

Subjects
in vitro gas production, acacia raddiana, acacia nilotica, ruminant., Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Acacia nilotica var adansonii (Guill. et Perr.) O. Ktze and Acacia raddiana (Savi) species are local ressources important to feed animals in Sahelian area of Burkina Faso. Thus, this experiment was to investigate the in vitro effect of both Acacias on ruminal fermentation, CH4 production and rumen microbial community using a semi-automatic system. In all experiments, 25 mL of the inoculum solution was incubated with 50 mL of buffered rumen fluid at 39 °C and gas production was measured at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The results show that A. nilotica was rich in condensed tannins and fiber content compared to A. raddiana which was rich in total tannins. A. raddiana treatment presented greater degradability of organic matter and lower CH4 production compared to A. nilotica and control group (P0.05). We conclude that A. nilotica leaves showed negative effect on ruminal fermentation due to high fiber and CT content, and A. raddiana could be an interesting plant to increase fiber digestion and reduce CH4 production in vitro.

Published
2018

46. Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats

Author

Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano Cintli, Torres-Acosta Juan Felipe de Jesús, Fourquaux Isabelle, Sandoval-Castro Carlos Alfredo, and Hoste Hervé

Subjects
ultrastructural changes, haemonchus contortus, polyphenol-rich plants, goats, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.

Published
2019
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47. CHANGES IN ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RABBITS DURING EARLY INFECTION WITH TRICHOSTRONGYLUS COLUBRIFORMIS

Author

HOSTE, H, MALLET, S, and Revues Inra, Import

Subjects
[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1988

48. In vitro anthelmintic effect of Acacia gaumeri, Havardia albicans and Quebracho tannin extracts on a mexican strain of Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae

Author

Hernández Orduño, G., Torres Acosta, J. F. J., Aguilar Caballero, A. J., Reyes Ramirez, R. R., Hoste, H., Calderón Quintana, J. A., and Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro

Subjects
Acacia gaumeri, Haemonchus contortus, parasitic diseases, Schinopsis sp, Agrociencias, Havardia albicans, In vitro anthelmintic effect, larval migration inhibition
Abstract

The in vitro anthelmintic (AH) effect of Acacia gaumeri (AG), Havardia albicans (HA) and Quebracho tannin extracts on a Mexican strain of Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae was evaluated. Water/acetone extracts of two tropical plants (AG and HA) and a commercial tannin preparation (Schinopsis sp, Quebracho) were screened to evaluate the in vitro AH effect using the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. The Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae originated from a donor sheep (FES-Cuautitlán, UNAM). The concentration of condensed tannins in plants extract was 53.9 %, 73.1 % and 55.4% for AG, HA and Quebracho respectively. Clear AH effects were obtained with HA and Quebracho extracts with different concentrations (600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 µg/ml). Quebracho extract caused a reduction in larval migration which ranged from 15.5 to 25.9% as compared to PBS. The HA extract showed a stronger inhibition effect (30.0 to 53.1%). The AG extract did not inhibit larval migration at the concentrations used in this trial. These in vitro results suggest that HA have potential AH properties similar to those of Quebracho against a Mexican strain of H. contortus.

49. Identification and validation of bioactive plants for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants

Author

Hoste, H., Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, Alonso-Diaz, M. A., Brunet, S., Sandoval-Castro, C., and Adote, S. H.

Subjects
Anthelmintics, Nematoda, Parasitic Diseases, Animal, Animals, Ruminants, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Plants, Nematode Infections, Diet
Abstract

The search for bioactive plants which can be used as non-conventional anthelmintics (AHs) has received considerable attention in recent times because of the increasing, worldwide development of resistance to chemical anthelmintics in worm populations. However, scientific evidence to validate the use of plants remains limited. The criteria required for the scientific validation of phytomedicine and nutraceuticals are similar to those expected for chemical anthelmintics: definition and quality, efficacy, identification of side-effects. However, the methods of investigation need to take into account i) the variability in bioactive compounds in the natural resources, ii) the mode of distribution to animals and iii) the potential anti nutritional and side-effects of some bioactive compounds and the possible occurrence of regulative mechanisms in the hosts. These points are critically discussed, in particular by reference to the example of tannin rich plants with anthelmintic properties from both temperate and tropical regions.

50. INTAKE OF TROPICAL TANNINIFEROUS PLANTS BY GOATS AND SHEEP WHEN OFFERED AS A SOLE FED

Author

Alonso-Díaz, M. A., Torres-Acosta, J. F. J., Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro, Canul-Ku, H. L., and Hoste, H.

Subjects
chemical composition, Agrociencias, small ruminants, intake, Tropical forages
Abstract

The intake of tropical tanniniferous plants (TTP) (Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula and Acacia pennatula) when offered as a single feed to small ruminants could help to design a supplementation strategy looking for an anthelmintic effect. The objectives of the current study were: i) to determine the chemical composition of TTP offered to goats and sheep, ii) to determine and compare the total intake of TTP when offered as a single feed to goats and sheep. Adult sheep and goats, with experience in the intake of TTP, were allocated to individual pens. Three consecutive experimental period (15 d) separated by seven days were used. Each period consisted of 10 d adaptation and 5 days of experiment. During adaptation animals received 40 g of leaves of each TTP plant, fresh grass and concentrate feed on a daily basis. During the experimental period animals were fed ad libitum only with the fodder of a sole TTP. Between each period, animals were fed with fresh grass (ad libitum) and concentrate (200 g-1 day). Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (L) were determined from each TTP. Total polyphenols (TP), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT) were also determined. During each experimental period, refused fodder and intake were measured every 24 h. A multivariate analysis was used in order to determine the effect of factors (animal species, plant species and individual animal within specie) on the dry matter intake. Factors with statistical effect (P0.05) were analyzed by ANOVA (one way). The experiment with A. pennatula was suspended because animals refused to eat the plant. Piscidia piscipula and L. latisiliquum had similar quantities of CP. Lysiloma latisiliquum had the highest levels of polyphenolic compounds (TP, TT and CT) and lowest quantities of fibre components (NDF, ADF and L). The intake of P. piscipula was higher in goats than in sheep (P0.01). However, the intake of L. latisiliquum was similar between both species. It was concluded that, when small ruminants eat a TTP as a single feed, the intake is mainly regulated by the fiber compounds.

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