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The detection of partial discharge and analysis of the composition and content of sulfur hexafluoride SF6 gas components are important to evaluate the operating state and insulation level of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment. This paper reported a novel sensing material made of pure ZnO and NiO-decorated ZnO nanoflowers which were synthesized by a facile and environment friendly hydrothermal process for the detection of SF6 decomposition byproducts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the prepared gas-sensitive materials. Planar-type chemical gas sensors were fabricated and their gas sensing performances toward the SF6 decomposition byproducts SO2, SO2F2, and SOF2 were systemically investigated. Interestingly, the sensing behaviors of the fabricated ZnO nanoflowers-based sensor to SO2, SO2F2, and SOF2 gases can be obviously enhanced in terms of lower optimal operating temperature, higher gas response and shorter response-recovery time by introducing NiO. Finally, a possible gas sensing mechanism for the formation of the p-n junctions between NiO and ZnO is proposed to explain the enhanced gas response. All results demonstrate a promising approach to fabricate high-performance gas sensors to detect SF6 decomposition byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunocyte infiltration and cytotoxicity play critical roles in both inflammation and immunotherapy. However, current cancer immunotherapy screening methods overlook the capacity of the T cells to penetrate the tumor stroma, thereby significantly limiting the development of effective treatments for solid tumors. Here, we present an automated high-throughput microfluidic platform for simultaneous tracking of the dynamics of T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity within the 3D tumor cultures with a tunable stromal makeup. By recourse to a clinical tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) score analyzer, which is based on a clinical data-driven deep learning method, our platform can evaluate the efficacy of each treatment based on the scoring of T cell infiltration patterns. By screening a drug library using this technology, we identified an epigenetic drug (lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 inhibitor, LSD1i) that effectively promoted T cell tumor infiltration and enhanced treatment efficacy in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD1) in vivo. We demonstrated an automated system and strategy for screening immunocyte-solid tumor interactions, enabling the discovery of immuno- and combination therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition of NaBr on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 1.0 M phosphoric acid was studied by using weight loss method and polarization method. It was found that the adsorption of bromide ion can prevent steel from corrosion and the adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that NaBr is a mixed-type inhibitor for steel corrosion in 1.0 M phosphoric acid. Thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were obtained from the experimental data of temperature studies for the inhibition process at four temperatures ranging from 30 to 45°C. The kinetic data such as apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors at different concentrations of the inhibitor were calculated, and the effects of the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor on the corrosion rate of cold rolled steel were discussed. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by using thermodynamic and kinetic models. The results obtained from polarization experiment were in good agreement with those obtained from weight loss measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is a complex polygenic disease. Although recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple susceptibility loci for lung cancer, most of these variants have not been validated in a Chinese population. In this study, we investigated whether a genetic risk score combining multiple. Methods: Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in previous GWA or large cohort studies were genotyped in 5068 Chinese case-control subjects. The genetic risk score (GRS) based on these SNPs was estimated by two approaches: a simple risk alleles count (cGRS) and a weighted (wGRS) method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) in combination with the bootstrap resampling method was used to assess the predictive performance of the genetic risk score for lung cancer. Results: Four independent SNPs (rs2736100, rs402710, rs4488809 and rs4083914), were found to be associated with a risk of lung cancer. The wGRS based on these four SNPs was a better predictor than cGRS. Using a liability threshold model, we estimated that these four SNPs accounted for only 4.02% of genetic variance in lung cancer. Smoking history contributed significantly to lung cancer (P < 0.001) risk [AUC = 0.619 (0.603-0.634)], and incorporated with wGRS gave an AUC value of 0.639 (0.621-0.652) after adjustment for over-fitting. This model shows promise for assessing lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although genetic variants related to lung cancer only added moderate discriminatory accuracy, it still improved the predictive ability of the assessment model in Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic effect of the mixture of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) and various concentrations of NaBr on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid has been investigated using weight loss method and polarization method. The results reveal that the corrosion of cold rolled steel has been efficiently inhibited by HTAB in the presence of NaBr in sulfuric acid, and inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of NaBr at the same temperature. A synergistic effect has been observed for HTAB with NaBr at every experimental temperature. The polarization curves show that the complex of HTAB and NaBr is a mixed-type inhibitor. The experimental results suggest that the presence of bromide ion in the solution stabilizes the adsorption of HTAB molecules on the metal surface and improves the inhibition efficiency of HTAB. Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation was obeyed at all the temperatures studied. The synergism parameters have been calculated and discussed. The results obtained from weight loss method and polarization method are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]