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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance is influenced by the trusted recommenders. This survey examined the public references, concerns, and trust in seven groups of recommenders regarding COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,579 participants between April 16 and July 16, 2021. Participants’ references, concerns, and responses to vaccination recommendations made by government officials, employers, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, senior family members, and religious leaders were captured using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Rates of trust ranged from 18.5% to 89.1%. The highest rates were attributable to government (89.1%) and physicians (85.9%). Less than half of participants would accept the vaccines if pharmacists (45.5%), nurses (44.7%), employers (42.4%), senior family members (28.1%), and religious leaders (18.4%) recommended it. Only 37.6% of participants thought that vaccines were safe for them, while 57% were unsure. Most participants would wait and see how people respond to the vaccines before getting vaccinated (91.5%), preferred to receive the vaccines at public hospitals (88.6%), and were concerned about vaccine effectiveness (86.9%) and side effects (76.4%), while 61.8% were concerned about vaccine cost. Conclusion Focusing on the personal benefit and relying on the government, physicians, and social role models would make the vaccine advertising campaigns more effective. If annual vaccinations were needed, providing the community with affordable vaccines would be an appropriate, long-term solution to ensure vaccination coverage in low-resource countries like Vietnam. Further studies are needed to examine reasons for the public reference of vaccination centers which may help in improving their confidence in getting the vaccine, regardless of the settings.

Objective:Effective handwashing practices help prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study examined the knowledge, frequency, and characteristics of handwashing practices among Vietnamese university students.Methods:An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on all students enrolling at Phenikaa University in Vietnam. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect information on the participants’ knowledge regarding the effectiveness of handwashing as a COVID-19 preventive measure, the moments for hand hygiene, the most appropriate practices in different situations, and frequency.Results:Among 728 study participants, 460 (63.2%) were from health-related faculties. Almost (97.9%; 713/728) all participants knew that handwashing could protect against the spread of infection, but less than half performed handwashing often in a normal day (47.4%; 345/728), after sneezing or coughing (48.9%; 356/728), and 7.4% (54/728) only washed hands when hands are visibly dirty. Health students used alcohol-based handrub in all situations, including those requiring handwashing with water and soap (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The levels of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of handwashing among study participants are high, but actual practices of handwashing are suboptimal. It is crucial to improve community education to help reinforce correct hand hygiene behaviors, including when to wash hands and which method should be used.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is widespread and may lead to refusal or delay of vaccination, eventually reducing the overall vaccination coverage rate and vaccine effectiveness. Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) is diverse across different jurisdictions.To assess the COVID-19 vaccine willingness among HCWs in 3 Southeast Asian jurisdictions in the context of pandemic severity and vaccination policy.A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among frontline HCWs in Hong Kong, Nepal, and Vietnam from May to November 2021. Eligible participants were nurses and doctors aged 18 and older, working in public or private health care settings on a full-time or part-time basis.The COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination policy.COVID-19 vaccination willingness was defined as HCW willingness toward receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in full course or the first dose of the vaccine, and willingness to take the second dose. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, the history of seasonal influenza vaccination, attitudes toward vaccination, and opinions on strategies associated with vaccination uptake from the study participants.Among the 3396 eligible doctors and nurses who participated in the survey, 2834 (83.4%) were from Hong Kong, 328 (9.7%) were from Nepal, and 234 (6.9%) were from Vietnam. Most respondents were female (76.2% [2589 ]), aged 30 to 39 years (31.2% [1058]), and nurse HCWs (77.6% [2636]); the response rates were 11% (2834 of 25 000) in Hong Kong, 36% (328 of 900) in Nepal, and 13% (234 of 1800) in Vietnam. Overall, the prevalence rate of willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine was highest in Nepal (95.4% [313 of 328]), followed by Vietnam (90.6% [212 of 234]), and lowest in Hong Kong (54.4% [1542 of 2834]), relating to their different attitudes and opinions toward the COVID-19 vaccination, and the pandemic severity and vaccination policy in the 3 jurisdictions. Doctors were more willing to take COVID-19 vaccination than nurses (odds ratio, 5.28; 95% CI, 3.96-7.04). Older age (odds ratios, 1.39-3.70), male gender (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.75), higher educational level (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17-1.87), and having seasonal influenza vaccination uptake history (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.82-2.54) were found to be associated with increased willingness. Choice of vaccination brand with adequate information, immunity passport, time off from work for vaccination and subsidy for travel to inconvenient vaccination centers were considered as strategies to enhance vaccine willingness.In this survey study, vaccination unwillingness existed among HCWs in Southeast Asian regions, especially in Hong Kong. The findings of this study may have utility in the formulation of vaccination promotion strategies such as vaccination incentives. Attitudes toward vaccination in HCWs might be examples for the general population; however, changes over time should be further investigated.

Although Vietnam has been successful in the fight against the first wave of COVID-19, domestic outbreaks have continued to occur. Given university students constitute a significant proportion of the population in Vietnam, to improve the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards face mask use which is an important preventive measure and the association between the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and KAP towards face mask use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all students studying at Phenikaa University, Hanoi, using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 42 questions regarding KAP towards face mask use as well as reuse of cloth mask, and COVID-19 knowledge. Among 728 participants, 40.9% (298/728) were male, 63.2% (460/728) were from health-related faculties, 46% (335/728) lived in urban areas, and 51.9% (378) had good levels of COVID-19 knowledge. Regarding face mask, most (89.7%, 653/728) participants had good knowledge scores, 72.8% (530/728) had positive attitudes, and 76.5% (557/728) had good practice scores. The most common types of masks used were surgical mask (57.6%, 419/728), followed by non-antibacterial cloth mask (23.1%, 168/728). Among 168 participants using non-antibacterial cloth mask, 43.5% reused masks (73/168), of whom 6.8% (5/73) did not wash their masks at least daily. Face mask use knowledge was statistically associated with COVID-19 knowledge (P

Background COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is essential in controlling the virus. Vaccine knowledge influences vaccine acceptance and understanding this is vital in planning immunization strategies. Objectives This study aimed to examine the public COVID-19 vaccine knowledge levels and predictors of low knowledge levels in Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional, community-based survey was conducted between 16 April and 16 July 2021. To examine the community knowledge levels regarding the vaccine essentialness and efficacy, a self-administered questionnaire was developed and was comprised of seven questions with five Likert scale responses corresponding to the levels of agreement/disagreement with the provided statements and scores ranging from 0-4. An individual’s knowledge score above the mean score of all participants was defined as ‘acceptable’ and that below was defined as ‘low’. Results Among 1708 respondents, the mean age was 34.3 ± 13.4 years, 942 (55.2%) were females, and 797 (46.7%) had acceptable knowledge levels. Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.984, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.972-0.995, P=0.005) and being vaccinated against COVID-19 (AOR=0.653, 95%CI: 0.431–0.991, P=0.045) were inversely associated with lower knowledge levels. Those with a Gapminder income of $8

Background: Vietnam is among the few countries that were successful in the fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) However, subsequent domestic outbreaks of COVID-19 continue to occur To sharp the community education program to guarantee the final success in the fight against COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and associated predictors among university students in Vietnam Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all students enrolling at Phenikaa University using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding COVID-19's risk factors, transmission routes, symptoms, and prevention Results: Among 728 participants, 40 9% were male, 63 2% studied health-related majors, and 18 1% lived alone Correct response rates ranged from 25 3% to 98 9% across 20 questions Only 51 9% (378/728) of participants had good knowledge levels Studying health majors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0 547, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0 398 - 0 751, P

High-stability, high-efficiency, and low-cost solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has great potential for hydrogen-energy applications. Here, we report on gold/titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) nanofiber structures grown directly on a conductive indium tin oxide substrate, and used as photoelectrodes in PEC cells for hydrogen generation. The titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2 NFs) are synthesized using electrospinning, and are surface-modified by the deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using a simple photoreduction method. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Au NPs was investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The PEC properties of the as-prepared photoelectrodes were measured. The obtained photoconversion efficiency of 0.52% under simulated-sunlight illumination by a 150 W xenon lamp of the Au/TiO2 NFs structure with 15 min UV irradiation for Au NP deposition was the highest value from comparable structures. Working photoelectrode stability was tested, and the mechanism of the enhanced PEC performance is discussed.

Background and aims Vaccine hesitancy is a major threat to COVID-19 vaccination programs. This study aimed to examine the public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, the variance of these attitudes, and associated determinants within a large COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam. Methods Two focus group discussions were conducted online with 20 people from different socio-economic and profession backgrounds. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Key themes were extracted using reflexive thematic analysis method. Results Four distinct, non-static attitudes including acceptance, conditional acceptance, hesitancy, and anti-vaccination were found. Themes identified as determinants of these attitudes were external factors, internal factors, and risk-benefit self-assessment regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions We found mixed, non-static COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. People's vaccination risk-benefit self-assessment greatly determines the variance of their attitudes over time. Given high public trust in the authorities, the government should take the lead to counter COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. To increase acceptance, vaccine advertising campaigns should focus on providing information about the dangers of COVID-19, the ability to manage side-effects at the vaccination centers, and updated, precise information on both the outbreak and vaccines. Future research is needed to identify the public most common COVID-19 information channels to enable effective community education.

Green building (GB) is one of the most effective solutions to increase the efficiency of buildings through resource utilisation and recycling, mitigating the negative impact of the construction industry on the environment. As a construction innovation, GB has faced numerous challenges to its penetration into a market crowded with conventional buildings. Studies of GB barriers have been conducted around the world, including the United States, Europe, Australia and Asia, but they are scarce in Vietnam and limited to individual perspectives. This paper identifies 41 barriers to GB in Vietnam from the literature and validates them by a survey of 215 construction professionals and government officers. Principal Component Analysis in Exploratory Factor Analysis is used to reveal that, while legislative and institutional barriers are widely perceived as the most challenging obstacles, social and cognitive barriers as a whole represent the main hindrances involved. Final remarks include policy recommendations for GB adoption in Vietnam and suggestions for further research.

This paper proposes a research framework for evaluating the relationship between motivation and owner commitment for improving the delivery performance of green building projects in the construction industry. The research framework can generate knowledge in a positivistic manner, and the quantitative methodology for planning and devising the survey method of data collection and the structural equation modelling technique of data analysis. Theoretically, the research framework can be modified or extended by other researchers for investigating the delivery performance of green building projects, while in practical terms, it will help in identifying how to increase project owners’ commitment for improving the delivery performance of green building projects in the construction industry. Finally, a research agenda is proposed towards achieving the aim of establishing empirical relationship between motivation and owner commitment for improving the delivery performance of green building projects.

Following market reforms in 1986 Vietnam has transformed from a poor closed economy to a low middle income economy. Like other developing countries, economic growth has placed significant pressure on both infrastructure and environment, particularly the pressure of increasing housing demand, energy consumption, and waste and pollution management. In response to the development challenges and the green movement globally, the government has initiated actions to promote green building to promote more sustainable development. However, green building adoption in Vietnam is still criticised as being slow and lacking governmental support. This paper proposes that promoting green building could solve three inter-connected challenges hindering sustainable development, and provides a comparative review of progress.

Les aménagements opérés sur le territoire d’un bassin versant, notamment les processus rapides d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation, ont souvent un impact important sur les ressources en eau, tant en quantité qu’en qualité. La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau par bassin versant (GIEBV) est une méthode reconnue pour évaluer et contrôler l’impact de ces aménagements sur le régime hydrologique. Cette approche de GIEBV est d’autant plus bénéfique dans un contexte de données restreintes et/ou de mauvaise qualité. Dans un tel contexte, un modèle hydrologique peut permettre d’estimer les débits en rivière en tout point du bassin versant. Cet article étudie la capacité du modèle hydrologique distribué Hydrotel à reconstruire le régime hydrologique dans un contexte de données restreintes. Une application sur le bassin versant de la rivière Cau, au Vietnam, est présentée. Une méthodologie originale est également proposée pour identifier la discrétisation spatiale la plus appropriée pour la simulation hydrologique à l’échelle d’un bassin versant en fonction de l’objectif recherché. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que, même sur un bassin versant où les données disponibles sont limitées en quantité et en qualité, Hydrotel peut apporter des informations utiles pour la mise en place de la GIEBV. Cette application réussie d’Hydrotel dans une région tropicale soumise à la mousson et où les données hydrologiques sont restreintes permettra de promouvoir la démarche de GIEBV basée sur la modélisation des processus en Asie du Sud-Est, en général, et au Vietnam, plus particulièrement., Rapid urbanization and industrialization processes often have a significant impact on water resources, both in quantity and quality. Integrated water resources management at the watershed scale (IWRM) is a recognized method for assessing and controlling the impact of development on the hydrological regime. This approach of IWRM is among the most beneficial methods to manage water in a context of limited data and/or poor quality data. In this context, a hydrological model can be used to estimate river flows at any point in the watershed. This paper investigates the ability of the Hydrotel distributed model to reconstruct the hydrological regime in a context of limited data. An application to the Cau River watershed in Vietnam is presented. An original methodology is also proposed to identify the most appropriate spatial discretization for hydrological simulation at the watershed scale according to the objective sought. The results show that even in a watershed where the available data are limited in quantity and quality, Hydrotel can provide useful information for the implementation of IWRM. This successful application of Hydrotel in a tropical monsoon region with limited hydrological data will promote the IWRM approach based on process modeling in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam, in particular.