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1. Masking for COVID-19 and other respiratory viral infections: implications of the available evidence

Author

Halperin, Daniel T, Doron, Shira, Hodgins, Stephen, Bailey, Robert C, Baral, Stefan, Bhatia, Rajiv, Noble, Jeanne, Gandhi, Monica, and Hearst, Norman

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Infection, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

The use of face masks has been widely promoted and at times mandated to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The 2023 publication of an updated Cochrane review on mask effectiveness for respiratory viruses as well as the unfolding epidemiology of COVID-19 underscore the need for an unbiased assessment of the current scientific evidence. It appears that the widespread promotion, adoption, and mandating of masking for COVID-19 were based not primarily on the strength of evidence for effectiveness but more on the imperative of decision-makers to act in the face of a novel public health emergency, with seemingly few good alternatives. Randomized clinical trials of masking for prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses have so far shown no evidence of benefit (with the possible exception of continuous use of N95 respirators by hospital workers). Observational studies provide lower-quality evidence and do not convincingly demonstrate benefit from masking or mask mandates. Unless robust new evidence emerges showing the effectiveness of masks in reducing infection or transmission risks in either trials or real-world conditions, mandates are not warranted for future epidemics of respiratory viral infections.

Published
2024

28. Achieving and sustaining impact at scale for a newborn intervention in Nepal: a mixed-methods study

Author

Hodgins, Stephen, primary, Khanal, Leela, additional, Joshi, Nira, additional, Penfold, Suzanne, additional, Tuladhar, Sabita, additional, Shrestha, Parsu Ram, additional, Lamichhane, Bikash, additional, Dawson, Penny, additional, Guenther, Tanya, additional, Singh, Samikshya, additional, Sharma, Ganesh, additional, and Oyloe, Peter, additional

Published
2019
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30. Process evaluation of a community-based intervention promoting multiple maternal and neonatal care practices in rural Nepal

Author

Silwal Ram C, Pathak Laxmi R, Hodgins Stephen, Tamang Jyotsna, McPherson Robert A, Baqui Abdullah H, and Winch Peter J

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Abstract Background The challenge of delivering multiple, complex messages to promote maternal and newborn health in the terai region of Nepal was addressed through training Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) to counsel pregnant women and their families using a flipchart and a pictorial booklet that was distributed to clients. The booklet consists of illustrated messages presented on postcard-sized laminated cards that are joined by a ring. Pregnant women were encouraged to discuss booklet content with their families. Methods We examined use of the booklet and factors affecting adoption of practices through semi-structured interviews with district and community-level government health personnel, staff from the Nepal Family Health Program, FCHVs, recently delivered women and their husbands and mothers-in-law. Results The booklet is shared among household members, promotes discussion, and is referred to when questions arise or during emergencies. Booklet cards on danger signs and nutritious foods are particularly well-received. Cards on family planning and certain aspects of birth preparedness generate less interest. Husbands and mothers-in-law control decision-making for maternal and newborn care-seeking and related household-level behaviors. Conclusions Interpersonal peer communication through trusted community-level volunteers is an acceptable primary strategy in Nepal for promotion of household-level behaviors. The content and number of messages should be simplified or streamlined before being scaled-up to minimize intervention complexity and redundant communication.

Published
2010
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32. A New Look at Care in Pregnancy : Simple, Effective Interventions for Neglected Populations (Volume 11, Number 8)

Author

Hodgins, Stephen, Tielsch, James, and Rankin, Kristen

Abstract

Although this is beginning to change, the content of antenatal care has been relatively neglected in safe-motherhood program efforts. This appears in part to be due to an unwarranted belief that interventions over this period have far less impact than those provided around the time of birth. In this par, we review available evidence for 21 interventions potentially deliverable during pregnancy at high coverage to neglected populations in low income countries, with regard to effectiveness in reducing risk of: maternal mortality, newborn mortality, stillbirth, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Selection was restricted to interventions that can be provided by non-professional health auxiliaries and not requiring laboratory support.

Published
2016

45. MHTF-PLOS Collection Launch

Author

Afulani, Patience, Atukunda, Esther C., Chap, Christna, and Hodgins, Stephen

Abstract

The Maternal Health Task Force (MHTF) is thrilled to announce the launch of the fourth MHTF-PLOS Collection, “Neglected Populations: Decreasing Inequalities and Improving Measurement in Maternal Health.” The partnership between the MHTF and the Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2011 with the goal of expanding global access to high quality maternal health research, particularly in low-resource settings, and increasing the visibility of maternal health professionals working in the Global South.

Published
2016

46. Decolonizing Global Surgery: Bethune Round Table, 2022 Conference on Global Surgery (virtual), June 16-18, 2022.

Author

Botelho F, Gripp K, Yanchar N, Naus A, Poenaru D, Baird R, Reis E, Farias L, Silva AG, Viana F, Neto JAP, Silva S, Ribeiro K, Gatto L, Faleiro MD, Fernandez MG, Salgado LS, Sampaio NZ, Faleiro MD, Mendes AL, Ferreira RV, Marcião L, Canto G, Borges J, Araújo V, Andrade G, Braga J, Bentes L, Pinto L, Ndasi HT, Amlani LM, Aminake G, Penda X, Tima S, Lechtig A, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Whyte M, Fowler-Woods M, Fowler-Woods A, Shingoose G, Hatala A, Daeninck F, Vergis A, Clouston K, Hardy K, Djadje L, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Youmbi VN, Kakobo P, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Tafesse S, Tamene B, Chimdesa Z, Alemayehu E, Abera B, Yifru D, Belachew FK, Tirsit A, Deyassa N, Moen BE, Sundstrøm T, Lund-Johansen M, Abebe M, Khan R, Mekasha A, Soklaridis S, Haji F, Asingei J, O'Flynn EP, O'Donovan DT, Masuka SC, Mashava D, Akello FV, Ulisubisya MM, Franco H, Njai A, Simister S, Joseph M, Woolley P, James D, Evans FM, Rai E, Roy N, Bansal V, Kamble J, Aroke A, David S, Veetil D, Soni KD, Wärnberg MG, Zadey S, Vissoci JRN, Iyer H, Zadey S, Shetty R, Zadey S, Jindal A, Iyer H, Ouma G, Shah SSNH, Hinchman C, Rayel IM, Dworkin M, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Mlinde E, Amlani LM, May CJ, Banza LN, Chokotho L, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Dworkin M, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C Jr, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Paek S, Amlani L, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C Jr, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Adégné T, Abdoulmouinou P, Amadou T, Youssouf T, Madiassa K, Younoussa DM, Moussa S, Amadou B, Hawa T, Laurent A, Jesuyajolu DA, Okeke CA, Obuh O, Jesuyajolu DA, Ehizibue PE, Ikemefula NE, Ekennia-Ebeh JO, Ibraham AA, Ikegwuonu OE, Diehl TM, Bunogerane GJ, Neal D, Ndibanje AJ, Petroze RT, Ntaganda E, Milligan L, Cairncross L, Malherbe F, Roodt L, Kyengera DK, O'Hara NN, Stockton D, Bedada A, Hsiao M, Chilisa U, Yarranton B, Chinyepi N, Azzie G, Moon J, Rehany Z, Bakhshi M, Bergeron A, Boulanger N, Watt L, Wong EG, Pawlak N, Bierema C, Ameh E, Bekele A, Jimenez MF, Lakhoo K, Roy N, Sacato H, Tefera G, Ozgediz D, Jayaraman S, Peric I, Youngson G, Ameh E, Borgstein E, O'Flynn E, Simoes J, Kingsley PA, Sasson L, Dekel H, Sternfeld AR, Assa S, Sarid RS, Mnong'one NJ, Sharau GG, Mongella SM, Caryl WG, Goldman B, Bola R, Ngonzi J, Ujoh F, Kihumuro RB, Lett R, Torquato A, Tavares C, Lech G, Džunic A, Ujoh F, Gusa V, Apeaii R, Noor R, Bola R, Guyan IO, Christilaw J, Hodgins S, Lett R, Binda C, Heo K, Cheng S, Foggin H, Hu G, Lam S, Feng L, Labinaz A, Adams J, Livergant R, Williams S, Vasanthakumaran T, Lounes Y, Mata J, Hache P, Schamberg-Bahadori C, Monytuil A, Mayom E, Joharifard S, Joos É, Paterson A, Maswime S, Hardy A, Pearse RM, Biccard BM, Salehi M, Zivkovic I, Jatana S, Joharifard S, Joos É, Flores MJ, Brown KE, Roberts HJ, Donnelley CA, von Kaeppler EP, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, and Shearer DW

Published
2022
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